Internal and external collaborative circulating cooling system and method for high-temperature container

Abstract

The internal and external collaborative circulating cooling system comprises an overhead water tank, a water injection pipeline adjusting valve is arranged at the bottom of the overhead water tank and connected to a heat exchange annular cavity through parallel branches, and the two parallel branches are a passive water injection pipeline and an active water injection pipeline respectively. The passive water injection pipeline comprises a passive water injection pipeline stop valve, the active water injection pipeline comprises a water injection pump and an active water injection pipeline stop valve, and a water injection pipeline exhaust valve is connected to an outlet of the parallel branch. Passive and other protection measures are adopted to guarantee system safety, meanwhile, natural circulation of a working medium in the container and evaporation-condensation circulation of external cooling water are coupled, collaborative heat exchange inside and outside the container is achieved, and the overall cooling effect is enhanced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of high-temperature container cooling technology, in particular to an internal-external collaborative circulation cooling system and method for high-temperature container. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of nuclear industry, the operation safety of key equipment such as liquid metal reactor vessel of lead-cooled fast reactor and fuel salt storage tank of molten salt reactor depends highly on the reliable decay heat removal capacity under accident conditions. Especially in the case of continuous internal heat source such as fission product decay in the container, if the heat removal power of the container cooling system is insufficient, the temperature of the working medium may continue to rise, causing serious nuclear safety risk.

[0003] Currently, the cooling of high-temperature containers in nuclear facilities mainly relies on active systems such as electric pumps and fans. Although these systems are accurate in control and high in efficiency under normal conditions, they may lose function due to loss of power source in the case of station blackout and other beyond design basis accidents, which directly threatens the integrity of the nuclear barrier. At the same time, the traditional emergency cooling water injection from the bottom can avoid air lock by relying on natural circulation, but it is easy to cause the lower head of the pressure vessel to be cooled preferentially, thereby forming a stable thermal stratification structure with hot upper layer and cold lower layer in the molten pool of the reactor core. This stratification not only causes the container shell to bear huge local thermal stress, but also inhibits the natural circulation of the working medium in the container due to stable density stratification, which seriously hinders the effective removal of decay heat and aggravates the long-term pressure load of the containment.

[0004] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a cooling system based on the concept of passive safety, which can promote the efficient circulation and heat exchange of the working medium inside the container and the coolant outside the container, and improve the regulation capacity and safety margin of advanced nuclear energy systems under extreme accidents. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide an internal-external collaborative circulation cooling system and method for high-temperature container, which adopts passive safety and other protective measures to ensure system safety, and couples the natural circulation of the working medium inside the container with the evaporation-condensation circulation of the cooling water outside the container to realize collaborative heat exchange inside and outside the container and strengthen the overall cooling effect.

[0006] The technical solution of the present application is as follows: an internal-external collaborative circulation cooling system for high-temperature container, comprising a high-position water tank, a water injection pipeline regulating valve arranged at the bottom of the high-position water tank, the water injection pipeline regulating valve being connected to a heat exchange ring cavity through two parallel branches, the two parallel branches being a passive water injection pipeline and an active water injection pipeline respectively, the passive water injection pipeline comprising a passive water injection pipeline stop valve, the active water injection pipeline comprising a water injection pump and an active water injection pipeline stop valve, and a water injection pipeline exhaust valve being connected at the outlet of the parallel branches.

[0007] The heat exchange ring cavity comprises a descending channel, a lower chamber and an ascending channel, a descending channel cooler is arranged on the outer wall of the descending channel of the heat exchange ring cavity, and the descending channel cooler is connected with a cooler cooling water inlet adjusting valve and a cooler cooling water outlet stop valve;

[0008] The ascending channel outlet of the heat exchange ring cavity is connected with a condenser through a pipeline, and a vacuum pump branch stop valve and a vacuum pump are arranged on the pipeline, and a steam pipeline exhaust valve is further arranged on the pipeline;

[0009] The outlet of the condenser is connected with the top of the high-position water tank.

[0010] The lower chamber of the heat exchange ring cavity is located at the bottom of the high-temperature container, and the descending channel and the ascending channel are located at the side of the high-temperature container, and the outlet of the descending channel and the inlet of the ascending channel are respectively connected to the lower chamber.

[0011] The ascending channel and the descending channel are spirally wound on the side of the high-temperature container.

[0012] The ascending channel and the descending channel are vertically distributed on the side of the high-temperature container.

[0013] The condenser comprises a shell side and a tube side, steam is condensed in the shell side, and cooling water of the tube side passes through a condenser cooling water inlet adjusting valve and a condenser cooling water outlet stop valve.

[0014] The condenser is located higher than the high-position water tank.

[0015] After the outlet of the high-position water tank passes through a water injection pipeline adjusting valve, the outlet is connected with the bottom of the heat exchange ring cavity through a pipeline, a ring cavity bottom injection pipeline inlet stop valve, a cavity bottom injection pipeline check valve and a ring cavity bottom stop valve are further arranged on the pipeline, and a drainage pipeline is further arranged between the cavity bottom injection pipeline check valve and the ring cavity bottom stop valve, and a system drainage valve is arranged on the drainage pipeline.

[0016] An internal-external collaborative circulation cooling method for a high-temperature container comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1: confirming that the amount of cooling water in the high-position water tank is sufficient, opening a non-active water injection pipeline adjusting valve, at this time, a non-active water injection pipeline stop valve, an active water injection pipeline stop valve and a ring cavity bottom injection pipeline inlet stop valve are closed, and water in the high-position water tank enters the descending channel of the heat exchange ring cavity;

[0018] S2: water absorbs heat in the descending channel of the heat exchange ring cavity to increase the temperature, at the same time, a cooler cooling water inlet adjusting valve and a cooler cooling water outlet stop valve are opened, and the heat fluid in the descending channel is cooled through a descending channel cooler,

[0019] S3: After the water absorption heat absorption, the water flows out from the descending channel of the heat exchange ring cavity, gathers in the lower chamber of the heat exchange ring cavity, and then enters the ascending channel of the heat exchange ring cavity, and the water is further heated to boiling vaporization, and the formed steam-water mixture continues to rise and enters the pipeline from the outlet of the ascending channel;

[0020] S4: The steam-water mixture enters the condenser, the condenser cooling water inlet regulating valve and the condenser cooling water outlet stop valve are opened,

[0021] S5: The internal and external collaborative circulation cooling of the high-temperature container is established.

[0022] In S2, if the temperature of the fluid in the heat exchange ring cavity continues to rise to near the saturation temperature, the opening degree of the condenser cooling water regulating valve is further increased.

[0023] In S4, the opening degree of the condenser cooling water regulating valve is adjusted by monitoring the water level change in the condenser and the high-position water tank, so that the water level in the condenser and the high-position water tank is kept stable.

[0024] If steam accumulation occurs in the heat exchange ring cavity, the vacuum pump and the vacuum pump branch stop valve are opened.

[0025] If the steam accumulation is in the upstream pipeline of the heat exchange ring cavity, the passive water injection pipeline stop valve is closed first, the water injection pipeline exhaust valve is opened, the steam in the upstream pipeline of the heat exchange ring cavity is exhausted, then the water injection pipeline exhaust valve is closed, and the passive water injection pipeline stop valve is reopened.

[0026] S7 is also included, after the cooling of the high-temperature container is completed, the heat exchange ring cavity bottom stop valve and the system drain valve are opened to start draining, the water level is lowered, the water injection pipeline exhaust valve and the steam pipeline exhaust valve are opened, and finally the system drainage is completed.

[0027] The significant effect of the present application is:

[0028] (1) The container side wall is preferentially cooled, the working medium at the container inner side wall is cooled and the density increases, and is driven to sink under the action of the density difference, the hot working medium at the bottom and center of the container rises and expands outward, thereby forming an internal natural circulation, effectively promoting the flow of the working medium in the container, and continuously transporting the heat of the working medium in the center of the container to the side wall. The density difference at different heights forms an internal natural circulation to enhance the heat exchange effect. The strengthening of the internal natural circulation efficiently transports more heat to the side wall, improves the heat absorption efficiency of the heat exchange ring cavity, and the two benefits promote each other to form a positive feedback collaborative coupling cooling mechanism.

[0029] (2) The heat exchange ring cavity is designed in a counter-flow mode, which not only maintains the basic flow of cold fluid flowing downward and hot fluid flowing upward to obtain a large heat transfer temperature difference, but also evenly distributes the cooling capacity in the axial and circumferential directions to suppress the thermal stratification effect, so that the overall cooling efficiency is high and the thermal stress on the container is small.

[0030] (3) The heat exchange ring cavity is designed to maintain liquid phase by injecting water into the descending channel and to evaporate steam by injecting water into the ascending channel, which utilizes the latent heat of water phase change and has a much higher heat transfer capacity than single-phase counter-flow heat exchange, while effectively suppressing the possibility of air lock in the heat exchange ring cavity.

[0031] (4) The water injection system can be driven by gravity, and does not require additional power sources during normal operation, thus eliminating the dependence on active equipment. In addition, active equipment is provided as a backup safety measure in emergency situations, so that the system has both active and passive means, and has higher safety. Moreover, the compact structure of the heat exchange ring cavity as the core design is easy to implement and can be directly integrated into the existing container outer wall, which has low modification difficulty and wide applicability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an internal-external collaborative circulation cooling system for a high-temperature container; Figure 1

[0033] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a spiral flow channel of a heat exchange ring cavity (in the figure, gray is a high-temperature container to be cooled, blue is a descending channel, red is an ascending channel, and orange is a lower chamber); Figure 2

[0034] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a U-shaped flow channel of a heat exchange ring cavity (in the figure, gray is a high-temperature container to be cooled, blue is a descending channel, red is an ascending channel, and orange is a lower chamber); Figure 3

[0035] Figure 5 is a top view of a U-shaped flow channel of a heat exchange ring cavity; Figure 4

[0036] In the figure, 1 is a high-position water tank, 2 is an injection pipeline regulating valve, 3 is a non-active injection pipeline stop valve, 4 is an injection pump, 5 is an active injection pipeline stop valve, 6 is an injection pipeline exhaust valve, 7 is a heat exchange ring cavity, 8 is a high-temperature container to be cooled, 9 is a descending channel cooler, 10 is a cooler cooling water inlet regulating valve, 11 is a cooler cooling water outlet stop valve, 12 is a vacuum pump branch stop valve, 13 is a vacuum pump, 14 is a steam pipeline exhaust valve, 15 is a condenser, 16 is a condenser cooling water inlet regulating valve, 17 is a condenser cooling water outlet stop valve, 18 is a ring cavity bottom injection pipeline inlet stop valve, 19 is a ring cavity bottom injection pipeline check valve, 20 is a ring cavity bottom stop valve, and 21 is a system drain valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] ​​​​In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be practiced without the specific details. In other instances, well-known methods have not been described in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the present application.

[0038] The terminology used in this description is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit one or more embodiments of the present application. As used in one or more embodiments of the present application and the accompanying claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0039] It is to be understood that the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is to be further understood that the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", "has", "having" and the like are inclusive and are to be construed as open-ended terms, i.e., comprising but not limited to, in a manner generally understood in the art. It is also to be understood that the terms "and / or" and "one or more of the following" include any and all possibilities of the combination of associated listed items.

[0040] An internal-external collaborative circulation cooling system for a high-temperature container, in combination with the accompanying drawings Figure 1 The application is further described in detail taking the heat dissipation of a high-temperature metal container under accident conditions as an example. The high-temperature container 8 to be cooled is a high-temperature metal container, and the residual heat thereof after an accident needs to be continuously dissipated, and the non-active water injection pipeline is used for cooling.

[0041] Further, if a working medium (such as liquid metal or molten salt) with a significant negative correlation between density and temperature is used in the high-temperature container 8, natural circulation is prone to occur under the driving of density difference, and the cooling capacity of the system can be effectively enhanced.

[0042] The water injection pipeline regulating valve 2 is arranged at the bottom of the high-position water tank 1, and is connected to the heat exchange ring cavity 7 through parallel branches. The two parallel branches are respectively a non-active water injection pipeline and an active water injection pipeline. The non-active water injection pipeline comprises a non-active water injection pipeline stop valve 3, and the active water injection pipeline comprises a water injection pump 4 and an active water injection pipeline stop valve 5. The water injection pipeline exhaust valve 6 is connected to the outlets of the parallel branches.

[0043] The non-active water injection is driven by gravity, and the height difference between the high-position water tank 1 and the heat exchange ring cavity 7 provides the water injection pressure head and flow. The water injection pipeline is connected to the water injection port at the top of the heat exchange ring cavity 7.

[0044] Further, the movable water injection pipeline can be used as a performance test of the water injection unit and a backup water injection channel in an emergency working condition, and the overall reliability of the water injection unit is improved.

[0045] The heat exchange ring cavity 7 is a closed flow channel attached to the outer wall of the container, which can be a spiral channel and a U-shaped channel, as shown in the accompanying drawings. Figure 2 、 3 Both structures include a descending channel, a lower chamber, and an ascending channel. Figure 2 For the spiral channel, the ascending channel and the descending channel are spirally wound on the side of the high-temperature container 8, and the lower chamber is located at the bottom of the high-temperature container 8. Figure 3 For the U-shaped flow channel, the ascending channel and the descending channel are vertically distributed on the side of the high-temperature container 8, and the lower chamber is located at the bottom of the high-temperature container 8. The outlet of the descending channel and the inlet of the ascending channel are connected to the lower chamber space at the bottom of the container. The water injection flows on the container wall in the heat exchange ring cavity to achieve effective cooling of the container.

[0046] By heat balance budgeting of the fluid inlet and outlet of the descending channel in the heat exchange ring cavity 7, the descending channel outlet remains single-phase liquid, which can maintain the evaporation of water injection in the ascending channel and effectively prevent gas locking.

[0047] Further, the heat balance budget is based on the rated cooling power of the high-temperature container and the structure of the water injection ring cavity, and the system energy balance equation is established to calculate the theoretical enthalpy value of the descending channel outlet. By adjusting the structural parameters of the descending channel and the heat carrying capacity of the external cooler, it is ensured that the outlet temperature of the descending channel does not reach the saturation temperature under the budget working condition.

[0048] Further, if the overall cooling power required by the high-temperature container to be cooled is not high, the water injection can be kept in liquid state throughout the water injection ring cavity, and the water injection pressure head and flow rate are still provided by the height difference between the high water tank and the heat exchange ring cavity.

[0049] Further, if the overall cooling power required by the high-temperature container to be cooled is high, the boiling of the cooling water in the descending channel can be inhibited by adding a cooler to the descending section.

[0050] Further, by reducing the heat exchange area ratio of the descending channel and the ascending channel, the descending channel can be preheated to a temperature close to the saturation temperature, and the fluid in the ascending channel can overcome the latent heat of vaporization by absorbing a large amount of heat to boil and produce steam, forming a steam-water mixture.

[0051] The main function of the steam condensing unit is to condense and cool the outlet high-temperature steam, and return the outlet condensed water to the high water tank to complete the external circulation of the cooling system.

[0052] A downcomer cooler 9 is arranged on the outer wall of the downcomer of the heat exchange ring cavity 7, and the downcomer cooler 9 is connected with a cooler cooling water inlet regulating valve 10 and a cooler cooling water outlet stop valve 11.

[0053] The main pipe of the upcomer outlet of the heat exchange ring cavity 7 is connected with a condenser 15, and a vacuum pump branch stop valve 12 and a vacuum pump 13 are connected on this pipe line as a backup means for increasing flow driving force, so that the system has the ability to quickly reduce the pressure at the outlet of the heat exchange ring cavity, and ensures the safety of the system when an unexpected air plug occurs in the water injection ring cavity. The upcomer outlet of the heat exchange ring cavity 7 is connected to the pipe of the condenser 15, and a steam pipe line exhaust valve 14 is also connected as a backup exhaust passage, which serves as a backup rapid exhaust pressure reduction passage in an accident condition.

[0054] The condenser 15 is divided into a shell side and a tube side, and the steam is condensed in the shell side, and the flow of the cooling water in the tube side is controlled by a condenser cooling water inlet regulating valve 16 and a condenser cooling water outlet stop valve 17. The condenser water outlet of 15 is connected to the top of the high water tank 1, forming a main loop circulation.

[0055] Further, the position of the condenser 15 should be higher than the high water tank 1, so as to ensure that the external circulation loop has a sustainable natural circulation driving force.

[0056] The outlet of the high water tank 1 is connected to the lower chamber of the heat exchange ring cavity 7 through the water injection pipe line regulating valve 2, which can provide an effective passage for heat exchange performance comparison test, and also can be used as a backup water injection passage in an emergency condition. The pipe line is also provided with a cavity bottom injection pipe line inlet stop valve 18, a cavity bottom injection pipe line check valve 19 and a cavity bottom stop valve 20, and a drain pipe line is arranged between the cavity bottom injection pipe line check valve 19 and the cavity bottom stop valve 20, and a system drain valve 21 is arranged on the drain pipe line and is opened when the system is drained.

[0057] The system preliminary design method is as follows: the parameters of the spiral fins welded on the outer wall of the container are determined, including the flow channel hydraulic diameter, the spiral angle, and the total height of the flow channel. The initial average temperature of the container wall surface is set according to the severe conditions of the accident, the waste heat power to be exported is determined, and the temperature of the cooling water in the water tank is taken as the normal temperature. In order to ensure the stability of the system, the design target is that the water temperature at the outlet of the descending channel is lower than the local saturation temperature, and a certain superheat degree is maintained. The saturation temperature can be obtained by referring to the water property table according to the pressure. After setting the initial heat absorption percentage of the descending section in the total power, the cooling power of the descending channel is obtained, and the heat balance equation in the descending channel is established. The mass flow rate is obtained by substituting the numerical value. The driving pressure head in the descending channel depends on the density difference between the single-phase water in the descending section and the steam-water mixture in the ascending section. The density of the ascending section is a function of the average quality, and the average quality is determined by the heat absorption amount, which needs to be calculated iteratively. The flow resistance includes the frictional resistance and local turning resistance of the spiral flow channels in the descending section and the ascending section. The iterative calculation is carried out by using the fluid mechanics software or the two-phase flow empirical formula, and finally the mass flow rate corresponding to the steady-state working point of the system is obtained. Since the mass flow rate corresponding to the steady-state working point is not completely consistent with the mass flow rate obtained by setting the initial heat absorption percentage, the iterative results are unified by adjusting the flow channel parameters, such as the spiral angle (e.g. reducing the spiral angle to increase the flow channel length and heat exchange area), and adding the descending channel cooler calculation. The specific method is to use the deviation between the iterative target temperatures as the temperature difference, and calculate the cooler power design value based on the enthalpy value relationship.

[0058] The system operation mode is as follows:

[0059] (1) Confirm that the amount of cooling water in the high-position water tank 1 is sufficient, open the passive water injection pipeline regulating valve 2, at this time the passive water injection pipeline stop valve 3, the active water injection pipeline stop valve 5, and the ring cavity bottom injection pipeline inlet stop valve 18 are closed, and the water in the high-position water tank 1 enters the descending channel of the heat exchange ring cavity 7 under the action of gravity.

[0060] (2) The temperature of the heat-absorbed water in the descending channel of the heat exchange ring cavity 7 gradually rises, and at the same time, the cooler cooling water inlet regulating valve 10 and the cooler cooling water outlet stop valve 11 are opened, and the heat of the hot fluid in the descending channel is dissipated through the descending channel cooler 9. If the temperature of the fluid in the heat exchange ring cavity 7 continues to rise to close to the saturation temperature (i.e. the boiling point of water), the cooler cooling water inlet regulating valve 10 is further opened to prevent the fluid in the descending channel from evaporating.

[0061] (3) After the heat absorption of the injected water, the injected water flows out of the descending channel of the heat exchange ring cavity 7, collects in the lower chamber of the heat exchange ring cavity 7, and then enters the ascending channel of the heat exchange ring cavity 7. The injected water is further heated to boiling vaporization, and the formed steam-water mixture continues to rise under the driving of the gravity-driven water injection pressure head, and enters the steam pipeline from the outlet of the ascending channel.

[0062] (4) The outlet steam of the heat exchange ring cavity 7 enters the condenser 15 through the steam pipeline, the condenser cooling water inlet regulating valve 16 and the condenser cooling water outlet stop valve 17 are opened, the opening degree of the condenser cooling water regulating valve 16 is adjusted by monitoring the water level change of the condenser 15 and the high-position water tank 1, and finally the water levels in the condenser 15 and the high-position water tank 1 are basically kept stable.

[0063] (5) When the water injection and measurement circulation is established, the natural circulation of the internal metal under the driving of the density difference is formed synchronously in the cooled high-temperature container 8 due to the preferential cooling of the side wall surface, and the internal and external collaborative circulation cooling of the container is established.

[0064] (6) If steam accumulation occurs in the heat exchange ring cavity 7 and the pressure continues to rise, the outlet pressure can be reduced by opening the vacuum pump 13 and the vacuum pump branch stop valve 12 to relieve the steam accumulation. If the steam accumulation is in the upstream water injection pipeline of the heat exchange ring cavity 7, the non-active water injection pipeline stop valve 3 can be closed first, the water injection pipeline exhaust valve 6 can be opened, and after the steam in the inlet pipeline is exhausted, the water injection pipeline exhaust valve 6 can be closed and the non-active water injection pipeline stop valve 3 can be reopened to continue the water injection cooling process.

[0065] (7) After the cooled high-temperature container 8 is cooled, the heat exchange ring cavity bottom stop valve 20 and the system drainage valve 21 are opened to start drainage, and the water injection pipeline exhaust valve 6 and the steam pipeline exhaust valve 14 are opened as the system water level gradually decreases, and finally the system drainage is completed, the system pipeline is continuously purged by a nitrogen cylinder, and the system purification is completed.

[0066] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

[0067] It should be noted that, for the foregoing method embodiments, in order to facilitate description, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should know that the present application is not limited by the action sequence described, because according to the present application, certain steps can be performed in other sequences or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should know that the embodiments described in the specification all belong to preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to the present application.

[0068] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment is focused on, and the parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment can be referred to the related description of other embodiments.

[0069] The preferred embodiments of the application disclosed above are only to facilitate the elucidation of the application. Alternative embodiments do not describe all the details and limit the application to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and variations can be made in light of the teachings of the application. The application selects and describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical application of the application, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the application.

Claims

1. An internal and external synergistic circulation cooling system for high-temperature containers, characterized in that: It includes a high-level water tank (1), a water injection pipeline regulating valve (2) is arranged at the bottom of the high-level water tank (1), the water injection pipeline regulating valve (2) is connected to the heat exchange ring cavity (7) through parallel branches, the two parallel branches are a passive water injection pipeline and an active water injection pipeline, the passive water injection pipeline includes a passive water injection pipeline shut-off valve (3), the active water injection pipeline includes a water injection pump (4) and an active water injection pipeline shut-off valve (5), and a water injection pipeline exhaust valve (6) is connected at the outlet of the parallel branch; The heat exchange ring cavity (7) includes a descending channel, a lower chamber and an ascending channel. A descending channel cooler (9) is arranged on the outer wall of the descending channel of the heat exchange ring cavity (7). The descending channel cooler (9) is connected to the cooler cooling water inlet regulating valve (10) and the cooler cooling water outlet shut-off valve (11). The outlet of the rising channel of the heat exchange ring cavity (7) is connected to the condenser (15) by a pipeline, and the pipeline has a vacuum pump branch shut-off valve (12) and a vacuum pump (13), and the pipeline is also connected to a steam pipeline exhaust valve (14). The outlet of the condenser (15) is connected to the top of the elevated water tank (1).

2. The internal and external synergistic circulation cooling system for high-temperature containers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower chamber of the heat exchange ring cavity (7) is located at the bottom of the high-temperature container (8), while the descending channel and the ascending channel are located on the side of the high-temperature container (8). The outlet of the descending channel and the inlet of the ascending channel are respectively connected to the lower chamber.

3. The internal and external synergistic circulation cooling system for high-temperature containers according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ascending and descending channels are spirally wound around the side of the high-temperature container (8).

4. The internal and external synergistic circulation cooling system for high-temperature containers according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ascending and descending channels are vertically distributed on the side of the high-temperature container (8).

5. The internal and external synergistic circulation cooling system for high-temperature containers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The condenser (15) includes a shell side and a tube side. Steam is condensed on the shell side, and the cooling water on the tube side is controlled by the condenser cooling water inlet regulating valve (16) and the condenser cooling water outlet shut-off valve (17).

6. The internal and external synergistic circulation cooling system for a high-temperature container according to claim 5, characterized in that: The condenser (15) is positioned higher than the elevated water tank (1).

7. The internal and external synergistic circulation cooling system for a high-temperature container according to claim 5, characterized in that: After the outlet of the elevated water tank (1) passes through the water injection pipeline regulating valve (2), it is connected to the bottom of the heat exchange ring cavity 7 through a pipeline. The pipeline is also equipped with a ring cavity bottom injection pipeline inlet stop valve (18), a ring cavity bottom injection pipeline check valve (19), and a ring cavity bottom stop valve (20). At the same time, a drainage pipeline is arranged between the ring cavity bottom injection pipeline check valve (19) and the ring cavity bottom stop valve (20), and a system drain valve (21) is arranged on the drainage pipeline.

8. A method for coordinated internal and external circulation cooling of high-temperature containers, applying... The system as described in claim 7, characterized in that it includes the following steps: S1: Confirm that the cooling water volume in the elevated water tank (1) is sufficient, open the passive water injection pipeline regulating valve (2), at this time the passive water injection pipeline shut-off valve (3), the active water injection pipeline shut-off valve (5), and the ring cavity bottom injection pipeline inlet shut-off valve (18) are closed, and the water in the elevated water tank (1) enters the descending channel of the heat exchange ring cavity (7). S2: The water absorbs heat and its temperature rises in the descending channel of the heat exchange annular cavity 7. At the same time, the cooling water inlet regulating valve (10) and the cooling water outlet shut-off valve (11) of the cooler are opened, and the hot fluid in the descending channel is dissipated through the cooler (9). S3: After the water absorbs heat, it flows out from the descending channel of the heat exchange ring cavity (7), gathers in the lower chamber of the heat exchange ring cavity (7), and then enters the ascending channel of the heat exchange ring cavity (7). The water is further heated to boiling and vaporized, and the resulting steam-water mixture continues to rise and enters the pipeline from the outlet of the ascending channel. S4: The steam-water mixture enters the condenser (15), and the condenser cooling water inlet regulating valve (16) and the condenser cooling water outlet shut-off valve (17) are opened. S5: The internal and external coordinated cooling system of the high-temperature container (8) has been established.

9. A method for internal and external synergistic circulation cooling of a high-temperature container according to claim 8, characterized in that: In S2, if the fluid temperature in the heat exchange ring cavity (7) continues to rise to near the saturation temperature, the opening of the cooling water inlet regulating valve (10) of the cooler is further increased.

10. A method for internal and external synergistic circulation cooling of a high-temperature container according to claim 8, characterized in that: In S4, the opening of the condenser cooling water regulating valve (16) is adjusted by monitoring the water level changes in the condenser (15) and the elevated water tank (1) to keep the water level in the condenser (15) and the elevated water tank (1) stable.

11. A method for internal and external synergistic circulation cooling of a high-temperature container according to claim 8, characterized in that: If steam accumulates in the heat exchange ring cavity (7) and the pressure continues to rise, then the vacuum pump (13) and the vacuum pump branch shut-off valve (12) should be turned on.

12. The method for internal and external synergistic circulation cooling of a high-temperature container according to claim 11, characterized in that: If steam accumulates in the upstream pipeline of the heat exchange ring cavity (7), first close the passive water injection line shut-off valve (3), open the water injection line exhaust valve (6), and after the steam in the upstream pipeline of the heat exchange ring cavity (7) is exhausted, close the water injection line exhaust valve (6) and reopen the passive water injection line shut-off valve (3).

13. The method for internal and external synergistic circulation cooling of a high-temperature container according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes S7, after the high-temperature container (8) is cooled, the bottom shut-off valve (20) of the heat exchange ring cavity and the system drain valve (21) are opened to start draining. At the same time as the water level drops, the air vent valve (6) of the water injection pipeline and the air vent valve (14) of the steam pipeline are opened to finally complete the system draining.

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