Photovoltaic power generation control method and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic power generation control method and a photovoltaic module. The assembly comprises a photovoltaic panel, a back box, array temperature sensing probes and an electric control device, wherein the front side of the photovoltaic panel is a photovoltaic conversion working surface; the back box is connected to the rear side of the photovoltaic panel; two-way heat dissipation fans which are distributed in an array and are independently controlled are arranged in the back box, and array heat dissipation holes are formed in the rear side of the back box; the control method comprises the following steps: detecting temperature data of the photovoltaic panel to determine a high-temperature area (the temperature is greater than or equal to a threshold value), distinguishing central and peripheral fans of the high-temperature area, and controlling the peripheral fans to rotate forwards to suck air and the central fan to rotate backwards to exhaust air to form peripheral-to-center heat dissipation airflow. According to the design, a high-temperature area and directional airflow are accurately positioned and controlled through accurate association of'probe-fan 'on hardware and guarantee and control of the bidirectional fan and the heat dissipation holes, the problems that traditional heat dissipation is large in energy consumption and prone to local overheating are solved, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and energy consumption is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic power generation control method and a photovoltaic module. BACKGROUND

[0004] Photovoltaic power generation technology converts light energy into electrical energy through the semiconductor photovoltaic effect, and has become an important part of the clean energy field. The power generation efficiency of the core equipment photovoltaic panel directly determines the overall power generation benefit. At present, photovoltaic panels are mostly installed on rooftops, color steel tiles or open outdoor areas. Affected by the increase in light intensity, the increase in environmental temperature and the heat loss of its own energy conversion, the photovoltaic panel is prone to temperature accumulation during operation, especially during the summer high-temperature or strong light period. The back surface of the photovoltaic panel is difficult to quickly dissipate heat due to the close installation of the carrier (such as color steel tile) and the narrow heat dissipation channel, resulting in a continuous increase in the temperature of the panel body.

[0005] The existing photovoltaic system often configures a fan as a wind-cooled heat dissipation device, but its control logic has obvious limitations. For example, in order to simplify the circuit design and control process, multiple fans are controlled by a unified switch linkage, that is, all fans are started and stopped synchronously. This mode not only has the problem of energy waste, that is, when the temperature of the photovoltaic panel is not overall increased but only locally overheated, starting all the fans will consume additional electrical energy. More importantly, it is impossible to achieve precise cooling for the local overheated area: when the photovoltaic panel has local temperature abnormalities due to installation deviation, shading or component aging, the synchronously started and stopped fans can only uniformly blow air to the panel body, and cannot concentrate the wind power to intensify the heat dissipation of the overheated area, resulting in the continuous existence of local high temperature, which further causes the power generation efficiency of the area to drop sharply, and in severe cases, it can even accelerate the aging of the components, shorten the service life of the photovoltaic panel, and affect the stability and economy of the entire photovoltaic power generation system. SUMMARY

[0007] In view of the above problems, the present application is proposed to provide a photovoltaic power generation control method and a photovoltaic module which can overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems, and can solve the problems of large heat dissipation energy consumption and local overheating of the existing photovoltaic panel, and achieve the effect of improving the heat dissipation effect of the photovoltaic panel.

[0008] Specifically, the present application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising:

[0009] a photovoltaic panel, the front side of which is a working surface for photoelectric conversion;

[0010] a back box connected to the back side of the photovoltaic panel, and an array of multiple relatively independently controlled heat dissipation fans arranged in the back box, each of the heat dissipation fans being a bidirectional fan; and a heat dissipation hole defined on the back side of the back box and communicating with the cavity in the back box;

[0011] A temperature sensing assembly comprising a plurality of temperature sensing probes arranged in an array on the photovoltaic panel, the temperature sensing probes and the heat dissipation fans being arranged in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0012] An electric control device electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel and each of the heat dissipation fans.

[0013] Further, the heat dissipation holes are also arranged in an array on the rear side of the back box.

[0014] Another object of the present application is to provide a photovoltaic power generation control method, which is suitable for the photovoltaic assembly and comprises:

[0015] Detecting temperature data at each location on the photovoltaic panel and determining a high temperature region on the photovoltaic panel according to the temperature data; wherein the temperature value of the high temperature region is higher than or equal to a temperature threshold value;

[0016] Determining, from each of the heat dissipation fans, a center fan at the center of the high temperature region and a peripheral fan at the periphery of the high temperature region;

[0017] Controlling the peripheral fan to rotate in the forward direction to suck air and controlling the center fan to rotate in the reverse direction to exhaust air, so as to form a heat dissipation air flow flowing from the periphery to the center at the rear side of the high temperature region.

[0018] Further, detecting temperature data at each location on the photovoltaic panel and determining a high temperature region on the photovoltaic panel according to the temperature data comprises:

[0019] Detecting temperature values at each detection point in the photovoltaic panel and forming a point array temperature set composed of the temperature values at each of the detection points; wherein the detection points are positions where the temperature sensing probes are installed on the photovoltaic panel;

[0020] Using a neural network technology to infer a continuous temperature field on the photovoltaic panel from the point array data set;

[0021] Identifying a threshold boundary with a temperature value equal to the temperature threshold value in the continuous temperature field and determining the high temperature region in the continuous temperature field through the threshold boundary.

[0022] Further, controlling the peripheral fan to rotate in the forward direction to suck air and controlling the center fan to rotate in the reverse direction to exhaust air comprises:

[0023] Obtaining a rotation speed value of the center fan according to an over-temperature difference value between the temperature value at the center of the high temperature region and the temperature threshold value;

[0024] Determining a rotation speed interval of the peripheral fan according to the rotation speed value of the center fan, wherein a maximum value of the rotation speed interval is less than the rotation speed value of the center fan;

[0025] Obtain a temperature change trend of the high-temperature region center, and determine the rotation speed value of the peripheral fan in the rotation speed interval according to the temperature change trend.

[0026] Further, obtain a temperature change trend of the temperature value of the high-temperature region center, and determine the rotation speed value of the peripheral fan in the rotation speed interval according to the temperature change trend, comprising:

[0027] Determine whether the temperature change trend is that the temperature value of the high-temperature region center gradually decreases.

[0028] If so, gradually decrease the rotation speed value of the peripheral fan in the rotation speed interval.

[0029] Further, after determining whether the temperature change trend is that the temperature value of the high-temperature region center gradually decreases, the subsequent steps further comprise:

[0030] If not, gradually increase the rotation speed value of the peripheral fan in the rotation speed interval.

[0031] Further, detect temperature data of each part of the photovoltaic panel, and determine the high-temperature region on the photovoltaic panel according to the temperature data, comprising:

[0032] Obtain current temperature data and historical temperature data in the temperature data;

[0033] According to the historical temperature data, infer a data change trend of the current temperature data;

[0034] Determine a current high-temperature region on the photovoltaic panel according to the current temperature data, and determine a region change trend of the current high-temperature region according to the data change trend;

[0035] Compensate the current high-temperature region according to the region change trend to obtain the high-temperature region.

[0036] Further, according to the data change trend, determine a region change trend of the current high-temperature region, comprising:

[0037] Determine whether the data change trend is that the temperature value of each part of the photovoltaic panel gradually decreases;

[0038] If not, the region change trend is to increase the current high-temperature region; and

[0039] Compensate the current high-temperature region according to the region change trend, comprising:

[0040] In the case that the region change trend is to increase the current high temperature region, the temperature threshold is reduced by a set value to obtain a modified temperature threshold;

[0041] According to the modified temperature threshold, a threshold boundary is redefined on the photovoltaic panel as a new high temperature region.

[0042] The present application has the following advantages:

[0043] The present application solves the problems of large heat dissipation energy consumption and easy local overheating of the existing photovoltaic panel through the synergistic design of "accurate temperature measurement - zoned wind control - directional airflow".

[0044] At the hardware level, multiple independent control bidirectional fans distributed in the array of the back box break the traditional fan synchronous start-stop mode, cooperate with the temperature sensing probes distributed in the array on the photovoltaic panel and corresponding to the fans, realize the accurate association of "temperature measurement point - heat dissipation fan", and avoid the energy consumption of idle running of the fans in the non-overheated region. The bidirectional fan has both forward and reverse rotation functions, providing a hardware basis for directional airflow regulation, and the rear side heat dissipation hole of the back box ensures the smoothness of the airflow circulation channel.

[0045] At the control logic level, first, the temperature sensing component detects the temperature of each part of the photovoltaic panel to accurately locate the high temperature region with a temperature ≥ threshold value, rather than reducing the temperature of the entire panel body, thereby reducing the invalid heat dissipation energy consumption from the source. Then, the fans in the high temperature region are divided into center fans and peripheral fans, the peripheral fans are controlled to rotate forward to suck air, and the center fans are controlled to rotate reverse to exhaust air, forming a directional heat dissipation airflow that converges from the periphery to the center at the rear side of the high temperature region. This airflow can concentrate on the overheated region, accelerate the local heat to the center, and be exhausted through the center fan. Compared with the traditional uniform air supply, the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the local overheating is quickly relieved. At the same time, only the fans in the high temperature region and the periphery are started, and the fans in the non-overheated region remain closed. Compared with the scheme of synchronous start-stop of all fans, the heat dissipation energy consumption is reduced, and the heat dissipation effect and energy saving demand are considered.

[0046] The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of some embodiments thereof, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0048] Some specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are presented by way of illustration and not of limitation. The same reference numbers in the drawings indicate the same or similar components or parts. Those skilled in the art should understand that these drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:

[0049] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 2 is Figure 1 Schematic diagram of distribution of heat dissipation fans in the back box of a photovoltaic module.

[0051] Wherein: back box 10, heat dissipation fan 11, heat dissipation hole 12. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] Based on the existing photovoltaic heat dissipation technology (including layered heat dissipation structure and temperature linkage control logic), the target photovoltaic module and supporting control method are developed. The core is to optimize and expand the heat dissipation structure, temperature measurement logic and control strategy in the existing technology to meet the core demand of "precise heat dissipation and reduce energy consumption", and break through the limitations of traditional technology:

[0054] In terms of hardware structure, the layered heat dissipation design of "air cooling device + water cooling device" already exists in the existing technology, and it is generally emphasized that the heat dissipation device needs to be linked with the temperature detection function to avoid energy waste caused by indiscriminate heat dissipation. The core logic of "temperature - heat dissipation linkage" can be followed during the development process, and the key components of the existing technology can be upgraded: the "unified switch-controlled air cooling fan array" in the existing technology is optimized to "integrated in the back box, arrayed and independently controllable bidirectional fans" - using the forward and reverse functions of bidirectional fans to replace traditional single air supply direction fans, improving air flow control flexibility; At the same time, referring to the design idea of "multi-measurement point temperature monitoring" in the existing technology, the traditional temperature sensing components used to trigger heat dissipation (such as mechanical sensing structure, dispersed temperature measurement element) are upgraded to "arrayed temperature sensing probes corresponding to the fans", realizing "single point temperature monitoring - single fan control" precise association, and solving the invalid energy consumption problem caused by synchronous start and stop of fans in the existing technology from the hardware level.

[0055] In the control method, the prior art has clearly defined the basic logic of "starting the heat dissipation device according to the real-time temperature of the photovoltaic panel", and some schemes adjust the heat dissipation intensity by judging the temperature interval. During research and development, the control framework can be further deepened based on this: first, referring to the core steps of the existing technology "obtaining photovoltaic panel temperature data and judging heat dissipation demand", the panel body temperature is accurately collected by array temperature sensing probes, and the high temperature area with a temperature higher than the threshold value is located (corresponding to the basic judgment logic of "temperature exceeding the standard triggering heat dissipation" in the prior art); second, breaking through the limitation of "starting all heat dissipation devices or single area heat dissipation" in the prior art, combining the hierarchical control idea of "layered starting of heat dissipation devices" in the prior art, the high temperature area corresponding fan is divided into center fan and peripheral fan, the peripheral fan is controlled to rotate forward to suck air, the center fan is controlled to rotate reversely to exhaust air, and the directional heat dissipation air flow of "peripheral to center convergence" is formed by using the air flow guiding characteristics of the bidirectional fan - extending the design concept of "targeted heat dissipation" in the prior art, and intensifying the local heat exchange efficiency through air flow directional regulation and control, solving the local overheating problem caused by the generalization of the heat dissipation range and the disorder of the air flow in the prior art, and finally forming the target technical scheme of "accurate temperature measurement - partitioned wind control - directional heat dissipation".

[0056] The photovoltaic power generation control method and the photovoltaic module of the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to Figures 1 to 2 In the description of the embodiments, it should be understood that the terms "first", "second" are used only for the purpose of description and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features, that is, one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically limited. When a certain feature "includes or contains" a certain or certain features, unless otherwise specifically described, it indicates that other features are not excluded and can further include other features.

[0057] The photovoltaic module of the present application mainly comprises a photovoltaic panel (not shown in the figure), a back box 10, a temperature sensing assembly and an electric control device. The front side of the photovoltaic panel is a working surface for photoelectric conversion. The back box 10 is connected to the back side of the photovoltaic panel, and the array of multiple relatively independent control heat dissipation fans 11 is distributed in it, and each heat dissipation fan is a bidirectional fan; and the back side also defines a heat dissipation hole 12 communicating with the cavity in the box. The temperature sensing assembly includes a plurality of temperature sensing probes arranged in an array on the photovoltaic panel, and the temperature sensing probes and the heat dissipation fans 11 are distributed one by one. The electric control device is electrically connected with the photovoltaic panel and each heat dissipation fan 11 respectively.

[0058] The photovoltaic panel uses its front side as a photoelectric conversion working surface. After receiving light energy, the photovoltaic panel converts the light energy into electric energy through the semiconductor photovoltaic effect. During operation, heat is generated due to energy conversion loss. The heat is mainly transferred to the rear box 10 area, providing an object for subsequent heat dissipation.

[0059] The rear box 10 serves as a heat dissipation carrier and is connected to the rear side of the photovoltaic panel. The multiple heat dissipation fans 11 arranged in an array inside the rear box 10 are all bidirectional fans and can be controlled independently. The rotation direction can be adjusted according to the needs. The rear side heat dissipation holes 12 are in communication with the cavity inside the box, forming an air circulation channel. When the fan is running, air exchange inside and outside the box can be achieved, creating conditions for heat dissipation.

[0060] The multiple temperature sensing probes of the temperature sensing assembly are arranged in an array on the photovoltaic panel and correspond one-to-one with the heat dissipation fans 11 inside the rear box 10. The temperature data of each corresponding position of the photovoltaic panel can be collected in real time, and the data can be transmitted to the electric control device, providing accurate temperature basis for heat dissipation control.

[0061] The electric control device serves as the control core and is electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel and each heat dissipation fan 11. On the one hand, it receives the temperature data transmitted by the temperature sensing assembly. On the other hand, it determines whether heat dissipation is needed and how to dissipate heat according to the temperature data, sends rotation and start-stop instructions to the corresponding heat dissipation fan 11, and monitors the power generation state of the photovoltaic panel to ensure that heat dissipation and power generation are performed simultaneously.

[0062] Therefore, the temperature sensing probes correspond one-to-one with the heat dissipation fans 11 and are arranged in an array, which can accurately capture the temperature differences of different regions of the photovoltaic panel, avoiding the problem of local temperature monitoring omission caused by traditional single or small number of temperature measurement points, and laying a data foundation for subsequent accurate heat dissipation. The bidirectional and independently controlled heat dissipation fans 11 break the limitations of traditional fixed rotation direction and synchronous start-stop of fans, and can adjust the rotation direction and operating state according to the temperature needs of different regions, cooperate with the heat dissipation holes 12 to form effective air circulation, and improve the flexibility of heat dissipation. The rear box 10 integrates the heat dissipation fans 11 and the air flow channel, the temperature sensing assembly, and the electric control device are linked with the photovoltaic panel and the fan, forming a complete closed loop of "temperature measurement - judgment - control - heat dissipation", avoiding the problems of poor coordination and heat dissipation lag caused by independent operation of each component.

[0063] At the same time, since the heat dissipation fans 11 can be independently controlled, only the corresponding region fans with temperature exceeding the standard need to be started, and the non-overheating region fans remain closed. Compared with the traditional synchronous start-stop mode of all fans, unnecessary power consumption is reduced, and energy utilization efficiency is improved. The bidirectional fan combined with the heat dissipation hole 12 can adjust the air flow direction according to the needs, accelerate the air exchange inside and outside the box, and strengthen the heat dissipation of the rear side of the photovoltaic panel, thereby alleviating the problem of temperature rise of the photovoltaic panel caused by heat accumulation, and providing protection for maintaining the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the plurality of heat dissipation holes 12 are also arrayed on the rear side panel of the rear cabinet 10.

[0065] The arrayed distribution of the heat dissipation holes 12 matches the arrayed layout of the heat dissipation fans 11 in the rear cabinet 10, and each or each group of heat dissipation holes 12 corresponds to a specific area of the heat dissipation fans 11. When the fans are started (suction in forward rotation or exhaust in reverse rotation), the heat dissipation holes 12 can accurately dock the airflow path generated by the fans, avoiding the airflow detours in the cabinet. When the peripheral fans are in forward rotation for suction, the external cold air enters the rear cabinet 10 through the corresponding area of the heat dissipation holes 12 and directly flows to the high-temperature area at the rear side of the photovoltaic panel, forming a hot air flow after absorbing heat; when the central fan is in reverse rotation for exhaust, the hot air flow is quickly exhausted outside the cabinet through the heat dissipation holes 12 in the central area, forming a complete air flow circulation of "suction - heat exchange - exhaust", and the arrayed distribution ensures that the air flow covers no dead angle. The simultaneous action of multiple arrayed heat dissipation holes 12 can balance the air pressure inside and outside the rear cabinet 10 - avoiding poor air intake caused by local negative pressure during suction, and avoiding hot air flow retention caused by local positive pressure during exhaust, ensuring the stability and continuity of air flow circulation.

[0066] Therefore, compared with the traditional single or scattered heat dissipation holes 12, the arrayed heat dissipation holes 12 can accurately correspond to the arrayed fans, making the air flow uniformly cover all areas in the rear cabinet 10, especially for the local overheated area of the photovoltaic panel, which can quickly complete the cold and hot exchange through the corresponding heat dissipation holes 12, avoiding local heat dissipation lag caused by the inability of the air flow to reach. The adaptive hole layout reduces the path loss of the air flow in the cabinet, making the cold air reach the high-temperature area faster and the hot air flow exhaust faster, and the actual measurement can improve the local heat exchange efficiency and accelerate the temperature drop of the photovoltaic panel. Avoiding the local heat dissipation failure caused by the blockage or poor air flow of a single heat dissipation hole 12, multiple arrayed heat dissipation holes 12 can form "redundant channels", even if a few heat dissipation holes 12 are slightly blocked, the remaining holes can still maintain the basic air flow circulation, reducing the risk of heat dissipation system failure. Whether it is the peripheral fan suction or the central fan exhaust, the arrayed heat dissipation holes 12 can adapt to different air flow directions through the hole distribution, without the need for additional adjustment of the hole structure, enhancing the adaptability of the heat dissipation system to different overheated states of the photovoltaic panel.

[0067] At the same time, the arrayed heat dissipation holes 12, together with the arrayed fans and arrayed temperature probes, form a "temperature measurement - fan control - air flow guidance" hardware closed loop, making temperature monitoring, fan control and air flow guidance accurately matched, avoiding the loss of heat dissipation efficiency caused by the incoordination of component layout. The arrayed design facilitates standardized production and installation, and the positions of the heat dissipation holes 12 correspond to the fans and temperature probes one by one, so that the fault area can be quickly located during later maintenance (such as poor heat dissipation effect in a certain area, the corresponding heat dissipation holes 12 and fans can be checked first), reducing the operation and maintenance cost.

[0068] The electric control device of the application can be controlled according to the following steps during operation:

[0069] The temperature data of each part of the photovoltaic panel is detected, and a high-temperature area on the photovoltaic panel is determined according to the temperature data; the temperature value of the high-temperature area is higher than or equal to a temperature threshold value;

[0070] From the heat dissipation fans 11, a center fan in the center of the high-temperature area and a peripheral fan in the periphery of the high-temperature area are determined;

[0071] The peripheral fan is controlled to rotate forward to suck air, and the center fan is controlled to rotate reversely to exhaust air, so as to form a heat dissipation air flow flowing from the periphery to the center at the back side of the high-temperature area.

[0072] In this embodiment, the temperature data of each part of the photovoltaic panel is first detected by the temperature sensing assembly, and the area with a temperature value higher than or equal to the temperature threshold value is selected as the high-temperature area; then, according to the spatial distribution of the high-temperature area, the center fan in the center of the area and the peripheral fan in the periphery of the area are distinguished from the array of heat dissipation fans 11; finally, the electric control device controls the peripheral fan to rotate forward to suck in external cold air, and controls the center fan to rotate reversely to exhaust the heat of the photovoltaic panel absorbed in the box, so as to build a directional heat dissipation air flow flowing from the periphery to the center at the back side of the high-temperature area, and forcibly accelerate local heat exchange. Through accurate positioning of the high-temperature area and hierarchical control of the fans, the problem of dispersed heat dissipation caused by traditional uniform air supply is avoided, the directional air flow can act on the overheated area, the local heat dissipation efficiency is greatly improved, and the local overheating problem of the photovoltaic panel is effectively solved; at the same time, only the corresponding fan in the high-temperature area is started, without the need for synchronous operation of all fans, which significantly reduces the heat dissipation energy consumption, and meets the requirements of heat dissipation effect and energy saving.

[0073] As a preferred embodiment of the above control method, the temperature data of each part of the photovoltaic panel is detected, and a high-temperature area on the photovoltaic panel is determined according to the temperature data, comprising:

[0074] The temperature values of each detection point in the photovoltaic panel are detected, and the temperature values of each detection point form a dot matrix temperature set; the detection point is the position of the temperature sensing probe installed on the photovoltaic panel;

[0075] The continuous temperature field on the photovoltaic panel is inferred from the dot matrix data set by using neural network technology;

[0076] The threshold boundary with a temperature value equal to the temperature threshold value in the continuous temperature field is identified, and the high-temperature area in the continuous temperature field is determined through the threshold boundary.

[0077] In this embodiment, the installation locations of temperature sensors on the photovoltaic panel are used as detection points. First, temperature values ​​at each detection point are collected using the temperature sensors and compiled into a point array temperature set. Then, utilizing the spatial interpolation and feature learning capabilities of neural network technology, a continuous temperature field covering the entire photovoltaic panel is inferred from the discrete point array temperature set, accurately reconstructing the panel's temperature distribution. Finally, threshold boundaries where the temperature value in the continuous temperature field equals a preset temperature threshold are identified, and high-temperature regions with temperatures ≥ the threshold are delineated based on these boundaries. Therefore, by combining point array temperature measurement with neural network reconstruction of the continuous temperature field, the limitation of traditional discrete measurement points in not being able to fully reflect the panel's temperature distribution is overcome. This allows for accurate capture of the boundaries and ranges of high-temperature regions, avoiding the omission of localized overheating areas. Simultaneously, the inferential ability of the neural network effectively compensates for the limited number of measurement points, eliminating the need for densely arranged temperature sensors. While ensuring the accuracy of high-temperature region identification, this reduces hardware costs and installation complexity, providing a reliable regional positioning basis for subsequent precise heat dissipation control.

[0078] As another preferred embodiment of the above control method, controlling the peripheral fans to rotate forward for air intake and controlling the central fan to rotate in reverse for air exhaust includes:

[0079] The rotational speed of the central fan is obtained based on the temperature value at the center of the high-temperature zone and the temperature threshold difference.

[0080] Based on the rotational speed of the central fan, determine the rotational speed range of the peripheral fans, where the maximum value of the rotational speed range is less than the rotational speed of the central fan.

[0081] Obtain the temperature change trend at the center of the high-temperature region, and determine the speed value of the peripheral fans within the speed range based on the temperature change trend.

[0082] When controlling the operation of the peripheral fans and the central fan, the over-temperature difference between the center temperature of the high-temperature area and the temperature threshold (center temperature minus the threshold) is first calculated. Based on this, the speed of the central fan is determined (the larger the over-temperature difference, the higher the speed, to ensure that the heat dissipation of the core overheated area is matched). Then, the speed range of the peripheral fans is set based on the speed of the central fan, and the maximum value of the range is lower than the speed of the central fan to avoid the peripheral fans' excessive suction force interfering with the central exhaust. Finally, the temperature change trend of the center of the high-temperature area (such as rising, falling, or constant temperature) is obtained by real-time monitoring, and the speed of the peripheral fans is dynamically adjusted within the set speed range—if the center temperature drops, the speed is reduced; if the temperature does not drop, the speed is increased, to achieve precise speed matching. By determining the central fan speed based on the temperature difference and adjusting the peripheral fan speed through range constraints and trend control, sufficient exhaust power is ensured for rapid heat dissipation in the central high-temperature area. At the same time, the peripheral fan speeds are adapted to form a stable "peripheral intake - central exhaust" airflow circulation, avoiding airflow turbulence. Dynamically adjusting the fan speed can reduce ineffective fan energy consumption (without continuous full-load operation), balancing heat dissipation efficiency and energy-saving requirements. It can also prevent fan wear caused by excessive speed, extending the service life of the equipment.

[0083] As another preferred embodiment of the above control method, the temperature change trend at the center of the high-temperature region is obtained, and the rotational speed of the peripheral fans within the rotational speed range is determined based on the temperature change trend, including:

[0084] Determine whether the temperature change trend is that the temperature value in the center of the high-temperature region gradually decreases;

[0085] If the speed is gradually reduced, the speed of the surrounding fans will be gradually reduced within the speed range.

[0086] If the speed is not gradually reduced, then the speed of the surrounding fans is gradually increased within the speed range.

[0087] First, monitor and determine the temperature change trend at the center of the high-temperature area in real time to determine if it is gradually decreasing. If the temperature is gradually decreasing, it indicates that the current heat dissipation effect is sufficient to suppress the high temperature. At this time, gradually reduce the speed of the peripheral fans within the preset speed range to avoid excessive heat dissipation and energy waste. If the temperature does not gradually decrease (e.g., remains unchanged or increases), it indicates that the current heat dissipation is insufficient. It is necessary to gradually increase the speed of the peripheral fans within the speed range to enhance the suction effect and strengthen the airflow circulation of "peripheral suction - central exhaust" to help cool the central area. Therefore, by dynamically adjusting the speed of the peripheral fans based on the temperature change trend, a precise match between the heat dissipation force and the actual cooling demand can be achieved. This avoids the waste of power by high-speed fans when the temperature drops, and can also increase the heat dissipation force in time when the temperature has not dropped, ensuring heat dissipation efficiency. At the same time, the speed adjustment is always limited to the preset range, so that excessively high speed will not interfere with the central fan exhaust or excessively low speed will cause heat dissipation failure, thus taking into account energy saving, heat dissipation stability and equipment operation safety.

[0088] In another preferred embodiment of the above control method, temperature data at various points on the photovoltaic panel are detected, and high-temperature areas on the photovoltaic panel are determined based on the temperature data, including:

[0089] Retrieve current and historical temperature data from the temperature data set.

[0090] Based on historical temperature data, infer the trend of current temperature data changes;

[0091] Based on the current temperature data, determine the current high-temperature area on the photovoltaic panel, and based on the data change trend, determine the regional change trend of the current high-temperature area;

[0092] The high-temperature region is obtained by compensating for the current high-temperature region through regional change trends.

[0093] When determining the high-temperature area of ​​a photovoltaic panel, the current temperature data (real-time monitoring value) and historical temperature data (monitoring records over a period of time) are acquired simultaneously. Based on the changing patterns of historical temperature data, the subsequent trend of the current temperature data is inferred (e.g., the temperature continues to rise, slowly decreases, or remains stable). Then, based on the current temperature data, the current high-temperature area on the photovoltaic panel (the area with temperature ≥ the threshold) is initially delineated, and combined with the aforementioned data changing trends, the regional change trend of the current high-temperature area is determined (e.g., the area may expand if the temperature rises, and the area may shrink if the temperature falls). Finally, the current high-temperature area is compensated and adjusted according to the regional change trend (e.g., if the area is expected to expand, the range of the current high-temperature area is appropriately widened; if the area is expected to shrink, the range is maintained or finely adjusted), ultimately determining the precise high-temperature area. Therefore, by combining historical data to predict trends and compensate for current high-temperature areas, the "lagging misjudgment" caused by relying solely on real-time data is avoided. This not only allows for the early prediction of the risk of high-temperature expansion and prevents overheating from being overlooked, but also avoids energy waste caused by continuing to dissipate heat in the original area when the temperature drops. At the same time, it makes the delineation of high-temperature areas more in line with the dynamic temperature change of photovoltaic panels, providing a more forward-looking regional basis for subsequent precise control of the cooling fan 11, and further improving the timeliness and effectiveness of heat dissipation.

[0094] As another preferred embodiment of the above control method, determining the regional change trend of the current high-temperature area based on data change trends includes:

[0095] Determine whether the data trend shows that the temperature value at various points on the photovoltaic panel is gradually decreasing;

[0096] If it is not gradually decreasing, then the trend of regional change is to increase the current high-temperature area; and,

[0097] Compensation for current high-temperature areas is achieved through regional change trends, including:

[0098] If the trend of regional change is to increase the current high temperature area, the temperature threshold is reduced according to the set value to obtain the corrected temperature threshold;

[0099] Based on the revised temperature threshold, the threshold boundary is redefined on the photovoltaic panel as a new high-temperature zone.

[0100] When determining the regional change trend and compensation method of high-temperature areas on photovoltaic panels, the system first judges whether the data change trend inferred from historical temperature data indicates a gradual decrease in temperature across the photovoltaic panel. If the temperature does not gradually decrease (e.g., the temperature remains constant, increases, or locally rises), the current high-temperature area is determined to be expanding. When the regional change trend is expanding, the initial temperature threshold is reduced according to a preset value (e.g., the threshold is reduced from 50℃ to 48℃) to obtain a lower corrected temperature threshold. Then, the threshold boundary for temperature compliance on the photovoltaic panel is redefined based on the corrected temperature threshold, incorporating areas outside the original boundary whose temperatures are close to the initial threshold to form a new high-temperature area. The technical effect is that it predicts the risk of high-temperature area expansion by using temperature change trends, and expands the high-temperature area in advance by using threshold reduction correction, avoiding efficiency reduction caused by local overheating areas not being included in the heat dissipation range in time due to continuous temperature increases. At the same time, it eliminates the need for additional temperature sensors; proactive coverage of high-temperature areas can be achieved simply by dynamically adjusting the threshold. This ensures timely heat dissipation while controlling hardware costs and system complexity, improving the accuracy and foresight of photovoltaic panel heat dissipation control.

[0101] As a specific example of the use of the present invention, the control method of the present invention includes:

[0102] S100: Collects temperature data and constructs a dot matrix temperature set.

[0103] The temperature sensor collects the temperature at each detection point in real time and simultaneously acquires historical temperature data from the past 30 minutes. The real-time temperature data corresponds to the coordinates and temperature values ​​of 12 detection points (example data is shown in the table below), which are then integrated into a point-array temperature set. This provides basic data for subsequent temperature field inferences. S200: Neural Networks Predict Continuous Temperature Fields A lightweight U-Net convolutional neural network is used to process the lattice temperature set. The data is first normalized:

[0104] Coordinate normalization: , (For example, coordinates (600, 750) mm are normalized to (0.375, 0.75)) Temperature normalization:

[0105] (Where, 25℃ is the lower limit of ambient temperature, and 85℃ is the upper limit of photovoltaic panel operating temperature. For example, 53℃ is normalized to (53-25) / 60≈0.467).

[0106] Normalized data is input into a neural network. The model extracts spatial temperature correlation features through convolutional layers and restores resolution through deconvolutional layers, outputting a normalized continuous temperature field with a resolution of 32×32. ;

[0107] Then reverse normalization This allows us to obtain the actual temperature field covering the entire photovoltaic panel, fully presenting the temperature distribution of the panel.

[0108] The loss function used in neural network training is as follows:

[0109] ,in, To predict the spatial gradient of the temperature field ,

[0110] The theoretical gradient calculated based on Fourier's law of heat conduction ( The thermal conductivity of the photovoltaic panel. , (This refers to the heat flux density of the photovoltaic panel), ensuring the accuracy of temperature field prediction.

[0111] S300: Determine temperature change trends by combining historical data.

[0112] Based on historical temperature data of the past 30 minutes (t=1,2,...,30min), a linear regression model was used. Fitting trends, using slope 'a' to determine the trend of data change:

[0113] If a≤0, determine that "the temperature of the photovoltaic panel gradually decreases".

[0114] If a>0, it is determined that "the temperature at various points on the photovoltaic panel does not decrease gradually".

[0115] In this example, the fitting result is a = 0.05℃ / min > 0, so the current trend of the high temperature region is determined to be "expansion".

[0116] S400: Corrects the temperature threshold and defines the final high-temperature zone.

[0117] Because the regional trend is "expanding", the impairment correction value is set accordingly. The initial temperature threshold is corrected: .

[0118] Identification in a continuous temperature field The threshold boundary was used to ultimately define the high-temperature region as the coordinate range. mm A rectangular area of ​​mm is used to cover the plate area corresponding to detection points 6-10, avoiding omissions due to local overheating caused by continuous temperature rise.

[0119] Furthermore, the control method may also include the following steps:

[0120] S500: Distinguishes between center fan and peripheral fans

[0121] Based on the spatial distribution of high-temperature areas, the following is determined:

[0122] Central fan: Fan F8, located at detection point 8 in the center of the high-temperature area (coordinates (600,750) mm);

[0123] Peripheral fans: Fans F6, F7, F9, and F10 corresponding to detection points 6, 7, 9, and 10 in the high-temperature area. 10 .

[0124] S600: Calculates the central fan speed and controls its direction.

[0125] First calculate the center temperature T of the high-temperature region. c The temperature difference between the real-time temperature of detection point 8 (53℃) and the initial threshold T0 is: .

[0126] The center fan speed is calculated using a linear speed model: ,in:

[0127] (Excess temperature difference coefficient, preset according to the heat dissipation requirements of photovoltaic panels). (Fan base speed), substituting, we get: .

[0128] The control center fan F8 reverses at 1400 r / min to exhaust hot air.

[0129] S700: Determine the peripheral fan speed range and initial speed

[0130] Set the maximum speed of the peripheral fans to 80% of the speed of the central fan (to avoid excessive suction from the peripheral fans interfering with the central exhaust), that is: Simultaneously set the minimum rotational speed. (To ensure minimum cooling airflow), the speed range of the surrounding fans is determined to be [500, 1120] r / min.

[0131] During initial startup, the peripheral fans are set to an initial speed of 1000 r / min. The F6, F7, F9, and F10 fans are controlled to rotate forward at 1000 r / min to draw in air. This, in conjunction with the central fan, creates a directional cooling airflow that converges from the periphery to the center behind the high-temperature area, accelerating heat exchange.

[0132] S800: Dynamically adjusts the speed of peripheral fans based on temperature change trends. Monitor the center temperature of the high-temperature area at 5-minute intervals. Calculate the temperature difference between adjacent time points.

[0133] Determine the temperature change trend based on the temperature difference and adjust the rotation speed accordingly:

[0134] S810: Temperature gradually decreases

[0135] For example, at t=5min, the detected... A linear deceleration model is used: ,in (Speed ​​adjustment coefficient), substitute into the current speed have to:

[0136] Control the speed of the surrounding fans to 950r / min to avoid excessive heat dissipation and energy consumption.

[0137] S820: Temperature does not decrease gradually.

[0138] For example, at t=10min, the monitoring results are as follows: , A linear acceleration model is adopted: Substitute the current speed have to:

[0139] Increase the speed of the surrounding fans to 980r / min to enhance airflow and improve heat dissipation.

[0140] Every 5 minutes thereafter, the process of "monitoring the central temperature → judging the trend of change → adjusting the speed of surrounding fans" is repeated to ensure that the heat dissipation capacity matches the real-time cooling requirements. At the same time, every 30 minutes, historical temperature data is collected again, the temperature change trend is fitted, and the range of high-temperature areas is corrected, forming a complete closed loop of "temperature monitoring - area identification - fan control - effect feedback". This continuously solves the problems of high heat dissipation energy consumption and easy local overheating of photovoltaic panels, ensuring the power generation efficiency and service life of photovoltaic panels.

[0141] Therefore, those skilled in the art should recognize that although numerous exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications conforming to the principles of the present invention can be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the scope of the present invention should be understood and construed as covering all such other variations or modifications.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: The front side of a photovoltaic panel is the working surface used for photoelectric conversion. The back box is connected to the rear side of the photovoltaic panel, and has multiple independently controlled cooling fans arranged in an array inside, each of which is a bidirectional fan; and its rear side is also defined with heat dissipation holes that communicate with the cavity inside the box. The temperature sensing component includes multiple temperature sensing probes arranged in an array on the photovoltaic panel, with each temperature sensing probe corresponding to a cooling fan. An electrical control device is electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel and each of the cooling fans.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are also multiple heat dissipation holes, and each of the heat dissipation holes is also arranged in an array on the rear side panel of the back box.

3. A photovoltaic power generation control method, applicable to photovoltaic modules as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, include: Temperature data at various points on the photovoltaic panel are detected, and high-temperature areas on the photovoltaic panel are determined based on the temperature data. The temperature value of the high-temperature region is higher than or equal to the temperature threshold. From the cooling fans, identify the center fan located at the center of the high-temperature area and the peripheral fans located around the high-temperature area; The peripheral fans are controlled to rotate forward to draw in air, and the central fan is controlled to rotate in reverse to exhaust air, so as to form a heat dissipation airflow from the periphery to the center on the rear side of the high-temperature area.

4. The photovoltaic power generation control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Temperature data is detected at various points on the photovoltaic panel, and high-temperature areas on the photovoltaic panel are determined based on the temperature data, including: The temperature values ​​at each detection point in the photovoltaic panel are detected, and the temperature values ​​at each detection point are combined to form a point array temperature set; wherein the monitoring point is the location where the temperature sensing probe is installed on the photovoltaic panel; The continuous temperature field on the photovoltaic panel is inferred from the dot matrix dataset using neural network technology. The threshold boundary in the continuous temperature field where the temperature value is equal to the temperature threshold is identified, and the high-temperature region in the continuous temperature field is determined by the threshold boundary.

5. The photovoltaic power generation control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Controlling the peripheral fans to rotate forward for air intake and controlling the central fan to rotate in reverse for air exhaust includes: The rotational speed of the central fan is obtained based on the temperature value at the center of the high-temperature region and the temperature difference value of the temperature threshold. Based on the rotational speed of the central fan, the rotational speed range of the peripheral fans is determined, wherein the maximum value of the rotational speed range is less than the rotational speed of the central fan; The temperature change trend at the center of the high-temperature region is obtained, and the rotational speed of the peripheral fan within the rotational speed range is determined based on the temperature change trend.

6. The photovoltaic power generation control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Obtaining the temperature change trend at the center of the high-temperature region, and determining the rotational speed of the peripheral fan within the specified speed range based on the temperature change trend, includes: Determine whether the temperature change trend is that the temperature value at the center of the high-temperature region gradually decreases; If the speed is gradually reduced, the rotational speed of the peripheral fan will be gradually reduced within the specified speed range.

7. The photovoltaic power generation control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, To determine whether the temperature change trend is that the temperature value at the center of the high-temperature region gradually decreases, the subsequent steps include: If the speed is not gradually reduced, then the speed of the peripheral fan is gradually increased within the specified speed range.

8. The photovoltaic power generation control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Temperature data is detected at various points on the photovoltaic panel, and high-temperature areas on the photovoltaic panel are determined based on the temperature data, including: Obtain the current temperature data and historical temperature data from the temperature data; Based on the historical temperature data, the trend of the current temperature data change is inferred; The current high-temperature area on the photovoltaic panel is determined based on the current temperature data, and the regional change trend of the current high-temperature area is determined based on the data change trend. The high-temperature region is obtained by compensating for the current high-temperature region based on the regional change trend.

9. The photovoltaic power generation control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The regional change trend of the current high-temperature area is determined based on the data change trend, including: Determine whether the trend of the data change is that the temperature value at various points on the photovoltaic panel gradually decreases; If it is not gradually decreasing, then the trend of the area change is to increase the current high-temperature area; and, Compensating for the current high-temperature region based on the regional change trend includes: If the trend of change in the region is to increase the current high temperature region, the temperature threshold is reduced by a set value to obtain a corrected temperature threshold. Based on the corrected temperature threshold, the threshold boundary is redefined on the photovoltaic panel as the new high-temperature region.

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