Communication method, communication device and computer readable storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides a communication method, a communication device and a computer readable storage medium, and provides a clear way for beam management of an ISAC system. The method comprises the following steps: receiving a first sensing signal, wherein the first sensing signal is a signal obtained after a sensing beam transmitted by transmitting equipment is reflected by a sensing object; the first sensing signal is measured to obtain a first measurement result, and the first measurement result is used for selecting a service sensing beam; the first measurement result comprises one or more of the following parameters: target RCS, position precision obtained by positioning the sensing object, energy jump of the first sensing signal, Doppler frequency shift of the first sensing signal, and spatial correlation between the first sensing signal and the sensing object.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication, and in particular to a communication method, a communication device and a computer readable storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] An integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system can support diversified sensing services, such as high-precision positioning, gesture recognition, environment modeling, intrusion detection, etc. In order to further improve the performance of the ISAC system, a multi-antenna beamforming technology is introduced, which can effectively improve the signal quality and suppress interference by generating a high-gain narrow beam through signal processing.

[0003] After the ISAC system introduces the beamforming technology, how to perform beam management is not yet a clear solution. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a communication method, a communication device and a computer readable storage medium, which provides a clear solution for beam management of the ISAC system.

[0005] In a first aspect, a communication method is provided, which can be executed by a receiving device, or by a component (such as a circuit, a chip or a chip system, etc.) configured in the receiving device, or by a logic module or software capable of realizing all or part of the functions of the receiving device. The present application does not limit this. Hereinafter, the receiving device is taken as an example for description.

[0006] The method comprises: receiving a first sensing signal, the first sensing signal being a signal obtained after a sensing beam transmitted by a transmitting device is reflected by a sensing object; measuring the first sensing signal to obtain a first measurement result, the first measurement result being used for selection of a serving sensing beam, the first measurement result comprising one or more of the following parameters: target RCS, position accuracy obtained by positioning the sensing object, energy jump of the first sensing signal, Doppler shift of the first sensing signal, spatial correlation between the first sensing signal and the sensing object.

[0007] By transmitting a beam using a transmitting device and receiving the beam reflected back from the target being sensed, the receiving device selects the sensing beam through measurements. This allows the receiving device to manage the training process of the sensing beam even when the target cannot participate. Furthermore, during beam measurements, the receiving device can measure sensing-specific parameters such as RCS, position accuracy, energy hopping, Doppler shift, and spatial correlation. This ensures that the selected beam meets the requirements of the sensing service and facilitates the selection of a beam with superior sensing performance.

[0008] In some implementations, the first measurement result also includes one or more of the following parameters: RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR. Introducing measurement parameters in communication facilitates the selection of sensing beams with both good sensing and communication performance.

[0009] In some implementations, the receiving device can perform weighted fusion of the parameters in the first measurement result and the first prediction result to obtain a comprehensive score for the sensing beam. This comprehensive score is used for selecting the serving sensing beam. The first prediction result includes the performance of the sensing beam within a future time window, predicted using an AI model. The first prediction result reflects the sensing performance of the sensing beam over a future period. By weighted fusion of the first prediction result and the first measurement result, a serving sensing beam can be selected, identifying a beam with good current and future sensing performance.

[0010] The first prediction result can be, for example, the stability or retention of sensing performance. The input to the AI ​​model can include one or more of the following: historical measurement results, environmental characteristics, service type, etc. Historical measurement results include historical RSRP, historical RSRQ, historical SINR, and historical sensing-specific measurements. Sensing-specific measurements include, for example, one or more of the following: distance, velocity, angle, position accuracy, RCS, energy jump, Doppler shift, spatial correlation, etc. Environmental characteristics include, for example, one or more of the following: receiver location, transmitter location, weather information, etc.

[0011] In some implementations, the receiving device can select candidate sensing beams in descending order of their comprehensive scores, thereby selecting candidate sensing beams with higher sensing performance. For example, candidate sensing beams may include sensing beams with comprehensive scores greater than a first preset threshold. Alternatively, candidate sensing beams may include sensing beams with comprehensive scores ranking in the top m, where m is a positive integer.

[0012] In some implementations, the receiving device sends a first beam report to the transmitting device, which includes information about the candidate sensing beams. By reporting the sensing beams, the transmitting device can switch the sensing beams in a timely manner, ensuring sensing performance.

[0013] In some implementations, the transmitting and receiving devices can negotiate sensing capabilities. Through capability negotiation, the transmitting device can determine the scanning parameters of the sensing beam, such as scanning width, scanning range, transmission power, scanning period, and scanning sequence. This allows it to scan at appropriate transmission power at certain angles, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of sensing beam training and avoiding the resource waste and latency caused by full-space 360-degree scanning in traditional communication beam management.

[0014] In some implementations, the information exchanged between the transmitting and receiving devices for capability negotiation includes: device location information, maximum number of sensing beams, maximum number of sensing reference signals, maximum sensing beam transmit power, maximum sensing beamwidth, minimum sensing beamwidth, and maximum beam switching speed.

[0015] In some implementations, the transmitting device sends first configuration information to the receiving device. This first configuration information includes one or more of the following configurations: a sensing beam measurement configuration, a wireless link monitoring configuration, and a beam failure recovery configuration. The sensing beam measurement configuration includes a reference signal type and measurement events. The reference signal type includes a sensing reference signal. The measurement events include one or more of the following: the measurement result of the serving sensing beam is less than a second preset threshold; the measurement result of a candidate sensing beam is higher than the measurement result of the serving sensing beam, and the difference between the measurement results of the candidate sensing beam and the serving sensing beam is greater than or equal to a third preset threshold; the measurement result of the serving sensing beam is less than or equal to a fourth preset threshold, and the measurement result of the candidate sensing beam is greater than or equal to a fifth preset threshold. The wireless link monitoring configuration includes an index of the sensing reference signal, and the candidate beam reference signal in the beam failure recovery configuration includes the sensing reference signal.

[0016] This application embodiment introduces sensing beam-related information (such as indexes, measurements, measurement events, etc.) into some configuration information, making this configuration information applicable to the ISAC system.

[0017] In some implementations, the receiving device may periodically send a second beam report to the transmitting device, or send a second beam report to the transmitting device when a first condition is met.

[0018] The first condition includes one or more of the following: the overall score of the service-aware beam is less than or equal to a sixth preset threshold; the energy jump of the service-aware beam is abnormal; the overall score of the service-aware beam predicted by the AI ​​model within a future time window is less than or equal to a seventh preset threshold; and the overall score of the candidate sensing beam predicted by the AI ​​model within a future time window is less than or equal to an eighth preset threshold. This first condition is specifically designed for the sensing domain and is relatively independent of traditional communication beam management, making it more suitable for the sensing domain.

[0019] The second beam report includes one or more of the following: a comprehensive score for the service-aware beam, a list of candidate sensing beams predicted by an AI model, a comprehensive score for the service-aware beam within a future time window predicted by an AI model, a comprehensive score for the candidate sensing beam within a future time window predicted by an AI model, handover urgency, and an identifier for the recommended handover beam. By carrying this information, the transmitting equipment can make reasonable handover decisions so that the switched sensing beam can meet the sensing performance requirements.

[0020] In some implementations, when a sensing beam switching is required, the transmitting device sends a first switching command to the receiving device. The first switching command includes one or more of the following information: the identifier of the target sensing beam, the beam parameters of the target sensing beam, and the switching timing. After receiving the first switching command, the receiving device performs the sensing beam switching and uses the target sensing beam to sense the object.

[0021] In some implementations, the transmitting device sends second configuration information to the receiving device. This second configuration information includes one or more of the following: a second condition, an identifier of the target sensing beam, and beam parameters of the target sensing beam. If the second condition is met, the device switches to the target sensing beam. This method is a condition-based sensing beam switching. When the second condition is met, the receiving device can actively initiate the switching of the sensing beam without waiting for a switching command from the transmitting device, thereby reducing switching latency and ensuring timely switching.

[0022] In some implementations, after the sensing beam switching is completed, the transmitting and receiving devices can perform sensing beam switching verification to avoid switching to a sensing beam with worse performance and to ensure sensing performance. For example, if the performance of the sensing beam after switching is lower than that of the sensing beam before switching, the transmitting and receiving devices can perform sensing beam back-up, that is, back to the sensing beam before switching, or the transmitting and receiving devices can switch to other candidate sensing beams.

[0023] In some implementations, the transmitting device can perform AI-based prediction-based blind handover. This means that even without measurement reporting from the receiving device, the transmitting device is instructed to perform a sensing beam handover based on the prediction results of the AI ​​model. This approach is suitable for scenarios with high requirements for handover latency and can ensure timely handover.

[0024] Since this scheme involves blind handover, the performance of the sensing beam after the handover cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, after the sensing beam handover, the transmitting and receiving equipment need to verify the performance of the new beam. If the performance of the new sensing beam does not meet the requirements, the transmitting and receiving equipment can perform a handover to the sensing beam before the handover.

[0025] In some implementations, the receiving device can perform sensing beam failure detection and, if a third condition is met, send a sensing beam failure report to the transmitting device. The sensing beam failure report includes one or more of the following information: failure time, failure cause, measurement results of candidate recovery beams, and environmental characteristics.

[0026] The third condition includes one or more of the following: the reflected power of the perceived object is less than or equal to the ninth preset threshold, the measurement result of the service perception beam is less than or equal to the threshold required by the business, and the perception quality of the service perception beam predicted by the AI ​​model in the future time window is less than or equal to the tenth preset threshold.

[0027] Secondly, a communication method is provided, which can be executed by a transmitting device, or by a component (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system) configured in the transmitting device, or by a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the transmitting device. This application does not limit this. The following description uses a transmitting device as an example.

[0028] The method includes: transmitting a sensing beam to a sensing object, the sensing beam being reflected by the sensing object to form a first sensing signal, the first sensing signal being received and measured by a receiving device to obtain a first measurement result, the first measurement result including one or more of the following parameters: target radar cross section (RCS), position accuracy obtained by locating the sensing object, energy jump of the first sensing signal, Doppler frequency shift of the first sensing signal, and spatial correlation between the first sensing signal and the sensing object.

[0029] In some implementations, the method further includes: receiving a first beam report from the receiving device, the first beam report including information on candidate sensing beams, the candidate sensing beams including sensing beams with a comprehensive score greater than a first preset threshold, and / or the candidate sensing beams including sensing beams with a comprehensive score ranking in the top m, where m is a positive integer; wherein the comprehensive score is obtained by weighted fusion of parameters in the first measurement result and a first prediction result using a first weight ratio, and the first prediction result includes the performance of the sensing beam predicted by an AI model within a future time window.

[0030] In some implementations, where the transmitting and receiving devices are the same device, the transmitting device can generate a first beam report. For example, the transmitting device can measure a first sensed signal to generate a first beam report.

[0031] In some implementations, the method further includes: sending a negotiation request to the receiving device; receiving a negotiation request response from the receiving device, the negotiation request response including the location information of the receiving device and / or the management capability information of the sensing beam of the receiving device; and determining beam scanning parameters based on the negotiation request response, the beam scanning parameters including one or more of the following parameters: beam scanning width, beam transmission power, scanning angle range, scanning sequence, and scanning period.

[0032] In some implementations, the negotiation request includes one or more of the following information: the location information of the transmitting device, the number of sensing beams of the transmitting device, the number of sensing reference signals of the transmitting device, the transmitting power of the sensing beams of the transmitting device, the sensing beam width of the transmitting device, and the beam switching speed of the transmitting device.

[0033] In some implementations, the method further includes: sending first configuration information to the receiving device, the first configuration information including one or more of the following configurations: sensing beam measurement configuration, wireless link monitoring configuration, and beam failure recovery configuration; wherein, the sensing beam measurement configuration includes a reference signal type and a measurement event, the reference signal type includes a sensing reference signal, and the measurement event includes one or more of the following: the measurement result of the serving sensing beam is less than a second preset threshold; the measurement result of the candidate sensing beam is higher than the measurement result of the serving sensing beam, and the difference between the measurement result of the candidate sensing beam and the measurement result of the serving sensing beam is greater than or equal to a third preset threshold; the measurement result of the serving sensing beam is less than or equal to a fourth preset threshold, and the measurement result of the candidate sensing beam is greater than or equal to a fifth preset threshold; the wireless link monitoring configuration includes an index of the sensing reference signal, and the candidate beam reference signal in the beam failure recovery configuration includes the sensing reference signal.

[0034] In some implementations, the method further includes: receiving a second beam report from the receiving device, the second beam report being periodically sent by the receiving device, or sent when a first condition is met, the first condition including one or more of the following: the overall score of the service-aware beam is less than or equal to a sixth preset threshold, the energy jump of the service-aware beam is abnormal, the overall score of the service-aware beam predicted by the AI ​​model in a future time window is less than or equal to a seventh preset threshold, and the overall score of the candidate sensing beam predicted by the AI ​​model in a future time window is less than or equal to an eighth preset threshold; wherein the second beam report includes one or more of the following: the overall score of the service-aware beam, a list of candidate sensing beams predicted by the AI ​​model, the overall score of the service-aware beam predicted by the AI ​​model in a future time window, the overall score of the candidate sensing beam predicted by the AI ​​model in a future time window, the handover urgency, and the identifier of the recommended handover beam.

[0035] In some implementations, the method further includes: sending a first switching command to the receiving device, the first switching command including one or more of the following information: the identifier of the target sensing beam, the beam parameters of the target sensing beam, and the switching timing.

[0036] In some implementations, the method further includes: sending second configuration information to the receiving device, the second configuration information including one or more of the following: a second condition, an identifier of the target sensing beam, and beam parameters of the target sensing beam, wherein the second condition is a switching condition for the receiving device to switch to the target sensing beam.

[0037] In some implementations, the method further includes: sending a second switching command to the receiving device, the second switching command including an identifier of the target sensing beam and / or beam parameters of the target sensing beam, the target sensing beam being predicted by the transmitting device based on an AI model.

[0038] In some implementations, the method further includes: receiving a sensing beam failure report from the receiving device, the sensing beam failure report including one or more of the following information: failure time, failure reason, measurement results of candidate recovery beams, and environmental characteristics; wherein, the sensing beam failure report is sent by the receiving device under the condition of satisfying a third condition, the third condition including one or more of the following: the reflection power of the sensed object is less than or equal to a ninth preset threshold, the measurement result of the service sensing beam is less than or equal to the threshold required by the service, and the sensing quality of the service sensing beam predicted by the AI ​​model in a future time window is less than or equal to a tenth preset threshold.

[0039] In some implementations, the method further includes: determining a sensing mode; if the sensing mode is a cooperative sensing mode, then selecting a receiving device based on the sensing area, the location information of the receiving device, and the location information of the transmitting device.

[0040] In some implementations, the transmitting device and the receiving device are the same device, and the method further includes: receiving a first sensing signal, wherein the first sensing signal is a signal obtained after the sensing beam is reflected by the sensing object; measuring the first sensing signal to obtain a first measurement result.

[0041] In some implementations, the method further includes: performing a switching of the sensing beam when a first condition is met, the first condition including one or more of the following: the overall score of the serving sensing beam is less than or equal to a sixth preset threshold, the energy jump of the serving sensing beam is abnormal, the overall score of the serving sensing beam in a future time window is predicted by an AI model to be less than or equal to a seventh preset threshold, and the overall score of the candidate sensing beam in a future time window is predicted by an AI model to be less than or equal to an eighth preset threshold.

[0042] In some implementations, sensing beam failure recovery is performed when a third condition is met, which includes one or more of the following: the reflected power of the sensed object is less than or equal to a ninth preset threshold, the measurement result of the service sensing beam is less than or equal to the threshold required by the service, and the sensing quality of the service sensing beam predicted by the AI ​​model in a future time window is less than or equal to a tenth preset threshold.

[0043] In some implementations, after the sensing beam switching is completed, the transmitting device can send a beam update notification to the adjacent transmitting devices so that the adjacent transmitting devices can know the beam currently used by the transmitting device, so that the adjacent transmitting devices can perform cooperative beamforming, avoid the transmitted beams pointing in the same direction as much as possible, and reduce inter-beam interference.

[0044] Thirdly, a communication device is provided, comprising a processing module and a transceiver module. The transceiver module receives a first sensing signal, which is a signal obtained after a sensing beam emitted by a transmitting device is reflected by a sensing object. The processing module measures the first sensing signal to obtain a first measurement result, which is used to select the sensing beam. The first measurement result includes one or more of the following parameters: target RCS, positional accuracy obtained by locating the sensing object, energy jump of the first sensing signal, Doppler frequency shift of the first sensing signal, and spatial correlation between the first sensing signal and the sensing object.

[0045] Fourthly, a communication device is provided, comprising a transceiver module. This transceiver module transmits a sensing beam towards a sensing object. The sensing beam, after being reflected by the sensing object, forms a first sensing signal. The first sensing signal is received and measured by a receiving device to obtain a first measurement result. The first measurement result includes one or more of the following parameters: the target radar cross-section (RCS), the positional accuracy obtained by locating the sensing object, the energy jump of the first sensing signal, the Doppler frequency shift of the first sensing signal, and the spatial correlation between the first sensing signal and the sensing object. A processing module is used to execute corresponding processing procedures.

[0046] The third and fourth aspects are the implementation on the device side, which correspond to the first and second aspects. The explanations, supplements, and descriptions of the beneficial effects of the first and second aspects also apply to the third and fourth aspects, and will not be repeated here.

[0047] Fifthly, a communication device is provided, including a processor. The processor is coupled to a memory and can be used to execute instructions or data in the memory to implement the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect described above. Optionally, the communication device further includes a memory. Optionally, the communication device further includes a communication interface, and the processor is coupled to the communication interface.

[0048] In one implementation, the communication interface may be a transceiver, or an input / output interface.

[0049] In another implementation, the communication device is a chip configured in the receiving device. When the communication device is a chip configured in the receiving device, the communication interface can be an input / output interface.

[0050] In a sixth aspect, a communication device is provided, including a processor. The processor is coupled to a memory and can be used to execute instructions or data in the memory to implement the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect described above. Optionally, the communication device further includes a memory. Optionally, the communication device further includes a communication interface, and the processor is coupled to the communication interface.

[0051] In one implementation, the communication interface may be a transceiver, or an input / output interface.

[0052] In another implementation, the communication device is a chip configured in a transmitting device. When the communication device is a chip configured in a transmitting device, the communication interface can be an input / output interface.

[0053] In a seventh aspect, a processor is provided, comprising: an input circuit, an output circuit, and a processing circuit. The processing circuit is configured to receive signals through the input circuit and transmit signals through the output circuit, causing the processor to execute a method in any possible implementation of any aspect.

[0054] In specific implementation, the processor can be one or more chips, the input circuit can be input pins, the output circuit can be output pins, and the processing circuit can be transistors, gate circuits, flip-flops, and various logic circuits. The input signal received by the input circuit can be received and input by, for example, but not limited to, a receiver, and the signal output by the output circuit can be, for example, but not limited to, output to and transmitted by a transmitter. Furthermore, the input circuit and the output circuit can be the same circuit, which is used as both the input circuit and the output circuit at different times. This application does not limit the specific implementation of the processor and various circuits.

[0055] Eighthly, a communication device is provided, including a processor and a memory. The processor is used to read instructions stored in the memory, receive signals via a receiver, and transmit signals via a transmitter to execute the method in any possible implementation of any of the preceding aspects.

[0056] Optionally, the processor may be one or more, and the memory may be one or more.

[0057] Ninthly, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product comprising: a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions) that, when the computer program is run, causes a computer to perform a method in any possible implementation of any of the above aspects.

[0058] In a tenth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided that stores a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions) that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods in any possible implementation of any of the preceding aspects.

[0059] Eleventhly, embodiments of this application provide a chip system including one or more processors for calling and executing instructions stored in memory, causing the methods in any of the above aspects or possible implementations to be executed. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0060] The chip system may include input circuits or interfaces for transmitting information or data, and output circuits or interfaces for receiving information or data.

[0061] In a twelfth aspect, a communication system is provided, including the aforementioned receiving device and transmitting device. Optionally, the communication system may further include other devices that communicate with the transmitting device and / or the receiving device. Attached Figure Description

[0062] Figure 1 This is a system architecture diagram of a wireless communication system to which embodiments of this application can be applied; Figure 2 A schematic flowchart illustrating a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a sensing scene provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 A schematic flowchart illustrating the acquisition of location and capability information of a terminal device, provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 A schematic flowchart illustrating a sensing beam training process provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating a method for determining beam scanning parameters in a transmitting device, as provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 A schematic flowchart illustrating a measurement-based sensing beam switching method provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 A schematic flowchart illustrating a perception beam switching based on perception AI prediction provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 A schematic flowchart illustrating condition-based sensing beam switching provided for embodiments of this application; Figure 10 A schematic flowchart illustrating a beam sensing failure recovery process provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 A schematic flowchart illustrating an object sensing device using a self-transmitting and self-receiving mode, provided as an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 A schematic flowchart illustrating the switching of sensing beams in a self-transmitting and self-receiving mode provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 13 A schematic diagram illustrating prediction based on an AI model, provided as an embodiment of this application; Figure 14 A schematic block diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0064] The technical solutions provided in this application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) systems, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) systems, sidelink (SL) communication systems, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication systems, non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication systems, 5th generation (5G) mobile communication systems, or new radio access technology (NR). Among these, 5G mobile communication systems can include non-standalone (NSA) and / or standalone (SA) networking. The technical solutions provided in this application can also be applied to future communication systems. This application does not limit the scope of these applications.

[0065] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a communication system 100 used in an embodiment of this application. The communication system 100 may include network devices, such as... Figure 1 The network device 110 is shown. The communication system 100 may also include terminal devices, such as... Figure 1 The terminal device 120 shown. The network device 110 and the terminal device 120 can communicate via a wireless link.

[0066] Figure 1 An exemplary network device 110 and a terminal device 120 are shown. Optionally, the communication system 100 may also include multiple network devices and / or multiple terminal devices.

[0067] The network equipment in this application can be network-side equipment such as access network equipment and core network equipment. Access network equipment is sometimes also called access node. Access network equipment has wireless transceiver capabilities and is used to communicate with terminals. Access network equipment includes, but is not limited to, base stations (BS), evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs), transmission reception points (TRPs) in the above-mentioned communication systems, next-generation NodeBs (gNBs) in 5G mobile communication systems, access network equipment or modules of access network equipment in open RAN (ORAN) systems, satellites in NTN communication systems, base stations in future mobile communication systems, or access nodes in WiFi systems. Access network equipment can also be modules or units that can implement some of the functions of a base station. Access network equipment can be macro base stations, micro base stations or indoor stations, relay nodes or donor nodes, or wireless controllers in cloud radioaccess network (CRAN) scenarios. Optionally, access network equipment can also be servers, wearable devices, or vehicle-mounted equipment, etc. For example, in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology, the access network equipment can be a roadside unit (RSU). Multiple access network devices in a communication system can be the same type of base station or different types of base stations. Base stations can communicate with terminals directly or via relay stations. Terminals can communicate with multiple base stations using different access technologies. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology or device form used in the access network equipment. In this application, the access network equipment is referred to as a network device.

[0068] In this application, the means for implementing the functions of a network device can be a network device itself, or a means capable of supporting the network device in implementing those functions, such as a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system. This means can be installed in or connected to the network device. In the technical solutions provided in this application, the example of a network device being used to implement the functions of a network device is used to describe the technical solutions provided in this application.

[0069] The terminal device in this application can be a wireless terminal device capable of receiving network device scheduling and instruction information. The wireless terminal device can be a device providing voice and / or data connectivity to a user, a handheld device with wireless connectivity, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem. For example, the terminal device can communicate with one or more core networks or the Internet via a radio access network (RAN). The terminal device can also be referred to as a terminal, user equipment (UE), mobile station, mobile terminal, etc. Terminal devices can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D), V2X communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart cities, or satellite communication, etc. The terminal can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, computer with wireless transceiver capabilities, wearable device, vehicle, aircraft (such as drone, helicopter, airplane), hot air balloon, ship, robot, robotic arm, or smart home device, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the form of the terminal device.

[0070] In this application, the apparatus for implementing the functions of a terminal device can be the terminal device itself, or any apparatus capable of supporting the terminal device in implementing those functions, such as a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system. This apparatus can be installed in or connected to the terminal device. In the technical solutions provided in this application, the example of a terminal device being used to implement the functions of a terminal device is used to describe the technical solutions provided in this application.

[0071] Access network devices and / or terminals can be fixed or mobile. They can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; on water; or in the air on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. This application does not limit the application scenarios of the access network devices and terminals. Access network devices and terminal devices can be deployed in the same or different scenarios; for example, both can be deployed on land; or the access network device can be deployed on land, and the terminal device on water, etc., and so on.

[0072] In practical applications, multiple network devices can collaborate to assist terminals in achieving wireless access, with different network devices each implementing a portion of the base station's functions. For example, network devices can be central units (CUs), distributed units (DUs), CUs (control planes, CPs), CUs (user planes, UPs), or radio units (RUs), etc. CUs and DUs can be set up separately or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). RUs can be included in radio frequency equipment or radio frequency units, such as remote radio units (RRUs), active antenna units (AAUs), or remote radio heads (RRHs).

[0073] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an ORAN system, CU can also be called O-CU (Open CU), DU can also be called O-DU, CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules. CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, and RU can implement different protocol layer functions.

[0074] In some communication systems, such as 5G systems, to combat path loss in high-frequency scenarios, two communication devices with a communication connection can obtain gain through beamforming. The transmitting end (such as network equipment) and the receiving end (such as terminal equipment) can obtain the pairing relationship between the transmit beam and the receive beam through beam training.

[0075] A beam can be understood as a spatial filter or spatial parameters. The beam used to transmit signals can be called a transmission beam (Tx beam), which can be a spatial domain transmit filter or a spatial domain transmit parameter; the beam used to receive signals can be called a reception beam (Rx beam), which can be a spatial domain receive filter or a spatial domain receive parameter.

[0076] The technology for forming a beam can be beamforming or other technologies. For example, beamforming technology can specifically be digital beamforming, analog beamforming, or hybrid digital / analog beamforming. The transmit beam can refer to the distribution of signal strength in different directions in space after a signal is transmitted through an antenna, while the receive beam can refer to the distribution of signal strength in different directions in space of the wireless signal received from the antenna.

[0077] In the NR protocol, a beam can be, for example, a spatial filter. However, it should be understood that this application does not preclude the possibility of defining other terms in future protocols to represent the same or similar meanings.

[0078] Beam pairing refers to the pairing relationship between a transmit beam and a receive beam, which is essentially the pairing relationship between a space transmit filter and a space receive filter. Transmitting signals between transmit and receive beams with a beam pairing relationship can achieve a larger beamforming gain. The pairing relationship between transmit and receive beams is also called a beam pair.

[0079] In one implementation, the transmitting end can transmit a reference signal via beam scanning, and the receiving end can also receive the reference signal via beam scanning. Specifically, the transmitting end can form beams with different directional orientations in space using beamforming, and can poll on multiple beams with different directional orientations to transmit the reference signal through these beams, maximizing the power of the transmitted reference signal in the direction pointed to by the transmitting beam. Similarly, the receiving end can also form beams with different directional orientations in space using beamforming, and can poll on multiple beams with different directional orientations to receive the reference signal through these beams, maximizing the power of the received reference signal in the direction pointed to by the receiving beam.

[0080] By traversing each transmit and receive beam, the receiver can perform channel measurements based on the received reference signal and report the results to the transmitter via CSI. For example, the receiver can report the reference signal resources with higher reference signal receiving power (RSRP) to the transmitter, such as reporting the identifier of the reference signal resources, so that the transmitter can use beam pairings with better channel quality when transmitting data or signaling.

[0081] Before introducing the embodiments of this application, a brief explanation of several terms involved in this application will be given first.

[0082] 1. Reference Signal and Reference Signal Resources: Reference signals can be used for channel measurement, channel estimation, or beam quality monitoring. Reference signal resources can be used to configure the transmission attributes of reference signals, such as time-frequency resource locations, port mapping relationships, power factors, and scrambling codes, as detailed in existing technologies. Transmitting devices can transmit reference signals based on reference signal resources, and receiving devices can receive reference signals based on reference signal resources.

[0083] The channel measurements involved in this application also include beam measurements, that is, obtaining beam quality information by measuring a reference signal. Parameters used to measure beam quality include RSRP, but are not limited to these. For example, beam quality can also be measured by parameters such as reference signal receiving quality (RSRQ), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR). In the embodiments of this application, for ease of explanation, unless otherwise specified, the channel measurements involved can be regarded as beam measurements.

[0084] The beam quality monitoring involved in this application monitors beam-based link quality information. Parameters used to evaluate wireless link quality include, but are not limited to, the assumed block error ratio (BLER). For example, link quality can also be measured by parameters such as RSRP, RSRQ, SNR, and SINR.

[0085] The reference signals involved in the embodiments of this application may include, for example, channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel blocks (SSBs), sounding reference signals (SRSs), and sensing reference signals. Correspondingly, reference signal resources may include CSI-RS resources, SSB resources, SRS resources, and sensing reference signal resources.

[0086] To distinguish different reference signal resources, each reference signal resource can correspond to a reference signal resource identifier, such as a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), an SSB resource indicator (SSBRI), an SRS resource index (SRI), and a sensing reference signal resource index. The SSB resource indicator can also be called the SSB index.

[0087] It should be understood that the reference signals and corresponding reference signal resources listed above are merely illustrative examples and should not constitute any limitation on this application. This application does not preclude the possibility of defining other reference signals in future agreements to achieve the same or similar functions.

[0088] Traditional beam management processes include beam sweeping, beam measurement, beam determination, and beam reporting. Beam sweeping refers to the transmitting equipment transmitting a set of beams at predefined intervals. Beam measurement involves the receiving equipment measuring the received signal of each beam, including RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR. Beam determination involves the receiving equipment selecting a high-performance beam or beam group based on the beam measurement results and beam selection criteria. Beam reporting involves the receiving equipment, after selecting a beam, reporting beam quality and beam decision information to the transmitting equipment through a random access procedure to achieve beam alignment between the transmitting and receiving equipment and establish directional communication.

[0089] ISAC is a typical application scenario and key technology for 5G-A systems and future 6G systems, supporting diverse sensing services such as high-precision positioning, gesture recognition, environmental modeling, and target intrusion detection. The following describes some sensing scenarios that can be applied to the embodiments of this application.

[0090] 1. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) In complex traffic environments such as highways and urban intersections, this application can be deployed on roadside units (RSUs) or intelligent vehicles to achieve beyond-line-of-sight perception and precise tracking of targets such as vehicles, pedestrians, and non-motorized vehicles. Through dynamic perception beam management, the system can distinguish and continuously track multiple fast-moving targets in real time, providing high-precision and high-reliability perception data for services such as collision warning, cooperative cruise, and traffic flow monitoring, far exceeding the cooperative perception capabilities of traditional cameras or radar.

[0091] 2. Industrial Internet and Automated Production In industrial scenarios such as smart factories and unmanned warehouses, this application can be applied to equipment such as industrial-grade base stations or automated guided vehicles (AGVs). By performing millimeter-level precision real-time positioning and attitude perception of workpieces on conveyor belts and mobile robots, it enables full-process visualization and intelligent scheduling of the production process. Its dynamic beam switching and failure recovery mechanism can effectively cope with the challenges of severe multipath reflection and frequent target occlusion in metallic environments, ensuring the continuity and safety of industrial production.

[0092] 3. Low-altitude economy and management of uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) In scenarios such as drone logistics, urban air mobility (UAM), and drone swarm performances, this application can be deployed on ground base stations or drone motherships for real-time, wide-area monitoring and management of low-altitude drones. The system can accurately lock onto high-speed, highly maneuverable drones through sensing beams and predict their trajectories in advance using artificial intelligence (AI) prediction models, enabling early beam pointing and effectively solving the "invisible and uncontrollable" low-altitude security challenges, preventing "unauthorized flights" and collisions.

[0093] 4. Smart City and Security Monitoring In scenarios such as smart parks, large venues, and perimeter protection, this application can empower urban infrastructure (such as smart streetlights and building base stations) to achieve refined perception of personnel counting, behavior analysis, and abnormal intrusion detection in specific areas. Compared with traditional video surveillance, this application has the advantages of being unaffected by light and protecting personal privacy. Furthermore, it can achieve seamless security monitoring while protecting user communication privacy through a non-cooperative perception mode.

[0094] 5. Extend to other heterogeneous sensing networks Although this application uses the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) mobile communication system as an example, its architecture, which uses "anchor points" as the core for resource coordination and information fusion, has high versatility. This method can be extended to the collaboration of other wireless sensing technologies, such as: collaboration with Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) sensing; collaboration with Bluetooth sensing: in indoor positioning and near-field sensing scenarios, combining the energy efficiency advantages of Bluetooth with the wide coverage advantages of cellular networks; collaboration with Ultra Wide Band (UWB) sensing: in scenarios requiring extremely high-precision (centimeter-level) positioning, such as augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) and asset tracking, utilizing UWB as a supplement to sensing accuracy; and collaboration with satellite sensing: in wide-area coverage scenarios such as oceans and deserts, leveraging the wide-area sensing capabilities of low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites to complement the local high-precision sensing capabilities of terrestrial networks.

[0095] To further improve the performance of the ISAC system, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) beamforming technology can be introduced. This technology generates a high-gain narrow beam through signal processing, which can effectively improve signal quality and suppress interference.

[0096] However, applying traditional communication beam management methods directly to ISAC sensing scenarios presents some problems and challenges, which will be detailed below.

[0097] 1. The Unknown and Passive Nature of Sensing Targets: In traditional communication processes, beam management relies on active feedback from terminal devices. Both communicating parties (such as the base station and the terminal) are known and actively participate, collaboratively completing beam training. However, in sensing scenarios, the sensing targets (such as vehicles, pedestrians, and drones) are unknown and passive, not participating in the training and management process of the sensing beam. This makes traditional communication beam management processes that rely on terminal feedback (such as measurement and reporting based on SSB or CSI-RS) unsuitable for directly aligning and tracking sensing targets.

[0098] 2. Insufficient adaptability to dynamic sensing scenarios: Sensing scenarios are often rapidly changing, such as the high-speed movement of vehicles in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks, the irregular movement of pedestrians in venues, or the flight of low-altitude drones. Fixed, pre-configured sensing beams are difficult to cover dynamically changing sensing targets in real time and accurately, and cannot meet the quality of service (QoS) requirements of dynamic sensing services for real-time performance, accuracy, and resolution.

[0099] 3. Lack of Sensing Performance Evaluation Metrics: Traditional communication beam management primarily measures and optimizes communication metrics such as RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR. However, in the ISAC system, a high RSRP, RSRQ, or SINR measured by the receiver does not equate to target detection and good sensing performance; there is a fundamental difference between communication metrics and sensing performance. Therefore, directly using communication metrics such as RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR to select sensing beams is inappropriate.

[0100] 4. Insufficient coupling with sensing waveforms and resources: Traditional beam management processes are strongly coupled with communication reference signals (SSB / CSI-RS). However, sensing services may require different waveforms or dedicated sensing reference signals (sensing RS) to achieve higher sensing accuracy. Current technology does not address how to introduce and manage these dedicated sensing reference signal resources within the beam management process.

[0101] 5. Lack of a dedicated beam management framework for sensing. Current beam management frameworks lack dedicated sensing metrics, dynamic optimization mechanisms, and sensing beam failure recovery procedures. The lack of dedicated sensing metrics means that current beam management frameworks do not define measurements and reporting events for evaluating sensing performance, failing to guide beam selection to optimize sensing tasks. The lack of dynamic optimization mechanisms means that for dynamically changing sensing scenarios, current communication beam management tends to maintain the stability of the communication link, lacking a rapid dynamic beam optimization and adjustment mechanism designed for the mobility of sensed objects. The lack of sensing beam failure recovery procedures means that communication beam failure recovery (BFR) mechanisms target communication link interruptions. Their triggering conditions (such as radio link failure (RLF)) and recovery candidate beams (based on SSBRI / CRI) are completely different from sensing task failures; the current BFR procedure cannot be directly used for sensing beam failure recovery.

[0102] To address one or more of the aforementioned problems, embodiments of this application provide a communication method. This method involves transmitting a beam using a transmitting device, receiving the beam reflected back from a sensing target using a receiving device, and measuring the beam to select a sensing beam. This allows the receiving device to perform the training and management of the sensing beam even when the sensing object cannot participate in the process. Furthermore, when measuring the beam, the receiving device can measure sensing-specific parameters such as radar cross section (RCS), position accuracy, energy hopping, Doppler shift, and spatial correlation. This ensures that the selected beam meets the requirements of the sensing service and facilitates the selection of a beam with good sensing performance.

[0103] The following is combined Figure 2 The wireless communication method provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail.

[0104] Figure 2 The method illustrated is a description from the perspective of device interaction. The specific form and number of the devices shown are merely examples and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation of the method provided in this application. The communication method of this application embodiment will be described in detail below, taking the transmitting device and the receiving device as the main implementers.

[0105] It should be understood that the transmitting device in the embodiments of this application can be the transmitting device itself, or a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the transmitting device in implementing the communication method, or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the transmitting device. The receiving device in the embodiments of this application can be the receiving device itself, or a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the receiving device in implementing the communication method, or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the receiving device.

[0106] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 The method shown includes steps S210 to S220.

[0107] See Figure 2 In step S210, the receiving device receives a first sensing signal, which is the signal obtained after the sensing beam sent by the transmitting device is reflected by the sensing object. Correspondingly, the transmitting device transmits the sensing beam, or in other words, the transmitting device transmits the sensing beam toward the sensing object. The first sensing signal can refer to the sensing signal carried on the reflected beam or the received beam. The first sensing signal is used to sense the sensing object, such as identifying the object, locating the object, counting the number of objects, determining the moving speed of the object, and determining the distance between the object and the object.

[0108] In some implementations, the transmitting device can be a base station or terminal device as described above, and the receiving device can be a base station or terminal device as described above.

[0109] In some implementations, the transmitting device and the receiving device are different devices. This application refers to this sensing mode as a cooperative sensing mode. For example, the transmitting device is a base station, and the receiving device is a terminal device. Alternatively, the transmitting device is a terminal device, and the receiving device is a base station. Another example is that the transmitting device and the receiving device are different base stations, such as base station A and base station B. Yet another example is that the transmitting device and the receiving device are different terminal devices, such as terminal device A and terminal device B. Figure 3 For example, the beam emitted by the ISAC base station can be received by the receiving terminal or the receiving base station after being reflected by the sensing object. The receiving terminal or the receiving base station can then sense the sensing object based on the received signal.

[0110] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the beam emitted by the transmitting device can be referred to as the Tx beam, and the beam received by the receiving device can be referred to as the Rx beam.

[0111] In some implementations, the transmitting device and the receiving device are the same device; this application refers to this sensing mode as a non-cooperative sensing mode. For example, the transmitting device and the receiving device are the same base station, such as both being base station A. Another example is that the transmitting device and the receiving device are the same terminal device, such as both being terminal device A.

[0112] In some implementations, the transmitting equipment may also be called a transmitter, ISAC transmitter, ISAC transmitting equipment, etc., and the receiving equipment may also be called a receiver, ISAC receiver, ISAC receiving equipment, etc.

[0113] In this application embodiment, the sensing beam can refer to the beam carrying the sensing signal. The sensing signal can be called the sensing reference signal. As mentioned above, the reference signal used in communication beam management can include SSB, CSI-RS, etc., while the sensing signal in this application embodiment can be a reference signal specifically for the ISAC field. By measuring this sensing signal, the sensing object can be sensed.

[0114] In some implementations, the sensing beam carries an identifier for a reference signal or an identifier for a reference signal resource to facilitate beam identification by the receiving device.

[0115] In the following text, the perceived object may sometimes be referred to as the perceived object, perceived target, target, or object, etc. The description of the perceived object in this application embodiment is not specifically limited. The perceived object is related to the sensing service. As an example, in the ITS or V2X field, the perceived object can be a vehicle, behavior, non-motorized vehicle, etc. As another example, in the industrial internet and automated production field, the perceived object can be a robotic arm, workpiece, mobile robot, etc. As yet another example, in the fields of low-altitude economy and drone management, the perceived object can be a drone.

[0116] In step S220, the receiving device measures the first sensing signal to obtain a first measurement result. The first measurement result is used for selecting the service sensing beam, or in other words, the first measurement result is used to select the service sensing beam. The service sensing beam is sometimes referred to as the service beam in the following text.

[0117] The first measurement result includes sensing-specific measurements. For example, the first measurement result includes one or more of the following parameters: target RCS, position accuracy obtained by locating the sensed object, energy jump of the first sensed signal, Doppler shift of the first sensed signal, and spatial correlation between the first sensed signal and the sensed object.

[0118] RCS (Radio Scattering Coefficient) is a physical quantity that describes an object's ability to scatter radar waves (such as sensing beams). It is an indicator of how easily radar can detect an object. The larger the RCS, the easier the object is to detect; the smaller the RCS, the less easily the object is to detect.

[0119] Position accuracy refers to the precision with which a sensed object is located. The receiving device assesses the instantaneous position accuracy under the current beam by performing multiple positioning operations on the sensed object and then calculating the dispersion of the positioning points.

[0120] An energy jump is a sudden change in the energy of the sensing signal received by the receiving device. If the energy jumps drastically, it indicates that the object being sensed is moving rapidly or that a new source of interference has appeared, and the current sensing beam may not be suitable for sensing the object. If the energy does not jump drastically, or the energy change is stable, it indicates that the sensing performance of the current sensing beam is relatively stable.

[0121] Doppler frequency shift is used to determine the moving speed of a sensed object. The receiving device can determine whether the measured moving speed falls within the Doppler threshold range. The Doppler threshold range can be represented by [Fd_low, Fd_high], and this range is related to the sensing scenario. For example, for pedestrian sensing, the pedestrian's moving speed is relatively low, so the Doppler threshold range is small; for vehicle sensing, the vehicle's moving speed is relatively high, so the Doppler threshold range is large. If the measured object's moving speed is within the Doppler threshold range, it means the sensing beam is aimed at a valid object; if the measured object's moving speed is not within the Doppler threshold range, it means the sensing beam is aimed at stationary clutter or an invalid object.

[0122] Spatial correlation refers to the correlation between the object features determined based on the sensing signal and the actual features of the object. The higher the correlation, the better the object illuminated by the current sensing beam matches the expected object features; the lower the correlation, the worse the object illuminated by the current sensing beam matches the expected object features.

[0123] The first measurement result may include any one of the above parameters, or it may include any combination of the above parameters; this application embodiment does not specifically limit this. For example, the first measurement result may include RCS, position accuracy, energy jump, Doppler frequency shift, and spatial correlation. Or, for example, the first measurement result may include energy jump, Doppler frequency shift, and spatial correlation. The parameters in the first measurement result are related to the sensing service; different sensing services will result in different parameters in the first measurement result.

[0124] In some implementations, the first measurement result may also include one or more of the following parameters: RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.

[0125] In some implementations, the receiving device can use a first weighting ratio to perform weighted fusion of the parameters in the first measurement result and the first prediction result to obtain a comprehensive score for the sensing beam. The comprehensive score of the sensing beam is used for selecting the serving sensing beam; for example, the sensing beam with the higher comprehensive score can be selected as the serving sensing beam. The first weighting ratio may, for example, include the weights corresponding to each parameter.

[0126] The first prediction result includes the performance of the sensing beam within a future time window, predicted using an AI model. This performance can include stability and / or performance retention. Introducing the first prediction result helps select sensing beams that currently perform well and whose performance is also stable over a future period, thus avoiding frequent switching of sensing beams.

[0127] In some implementations, the input to the AI ​​model includes one or more of the following information: historical measurement results, environmental characteristics, and service type. Historical measurement results may include parameters from the first measurement result mentioned above, such as RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, RCS, position accuracy, energy jump, Doppler shift, and spatial correlation. In some implementations, historical measurement results may also include one or more of the following: distance information between the object and the transmitting device, velocity information of the object, and angle information of the object relative to the transmitting device. Environmental characteristics include one or more of the following: location of the receiving device, location of the transmitting device, and weather information.

[0128] Of course, in some implementations, the receiving device may also perform weighted fusion only on the parameters in the first measurement result to obtain the comprehensive score of the sensing beam.

[0129] In some implementations, the receiving device can perform weighted fusion of the parameters in the first measurement result, the first prediction result, and the historical stability of the sensing beam to obtain a comprehensive score for the sensing beam. Historical stability represents the performance fluctuation of the sensing beam over a past period. The smaller the fluctuation of the sensing beam, the higher its stability. Introducing historical stability helps to select long-term stable and reliable sensing beams, while avoiding the selection of beams that, although having good instantaneous sensing performance, experience drastic fluctuations.

[0130] In some implementations, the receiving device can directly use the actual measurement results for weighted fusion. In other implementations, the receiving device can first normalize the actual measurement results before performing weighted fusion, such as normalizing them to values ​​between 0 and 1. This normalizes the values ​​of all parameters to the same range, eliminating dimensional differences and improving computational efficiency and the generalization ability of the formula.

[0131] The following example illustrates the calculation process for the overall score of the sensing beam. The receiving device can calculate the overall score of the sensing beam using the following formula: Score = w1 × RSRP_Score + w2 × RSRQ_Score + w3 × SINR_Score + w4 × Energy_Jump_Flag + w5 × Doppler_In_Range + w6 × Spatial_Corr_Score + w7* AI_Prediction_Score + w8 × Historical_Stability.

[0132] Here, "Score" represents the overall score, and "w1-w8" represent weighting coefficients (corresponding to the first weighting ratio mentioned above), with "w1+...+w8=1". The specific values ​​of each weight can be dynamically configured according to the perceived service type and perceived QoS requirements. Perceived service types include, for example, high-precision positioning services, speed monitoring services, and presence detection services. QoS requirements include, for example, accuracy, refresh rate, and latency. The following examples illustrate the impact of perceived service type and perceived QoS requirements on the weighting coefficients.

[0133] For example, for applications requiring high accuracy, w3, w6, w7, and w8 can be set higher; for applications requiring existence detection or number detection, w4 can be set higher; for applications requiring continuous tracking, which require high stability, w5, w7, and w8 can be set higher; and for applications requiring emergency warnings, which require high latency and reliability, w4 and w7 can be set higher.

[0134] The parameters in the above formula will be explained in detail below.

[0135] RSRP_Score, RSRQ_Score, and SINR_Score are communication quality scores. These three parameters are derived from physical layer measurements of the sensing reference signal, and their original values ​​are continuous physical quantities (such as RSRP, which is in dBm).

[0136] The receiving device can map the actual measurement results into a normalized score by using a lookup table or a piecewise linear function method. The normalized score is between 0 and 1.

[0137] For example, a threshold range for RSRP can be set [Th_rsrp_low, Th_rsrp_high]. When the measured RSRP is lower than Th_rsrp_low, RSRP_Score = 0; when the measured RSRP is higher than Th_rsrp_high, RSRP_Score = 1; when the measured RSRP is between Th_rsrp_low and Th_rsrp_high, linear interpolation is used to calculate the score. RSRQ_Score and SINR_Score are similar, and for simplicity, they will not be elaborated here.

[0138] Energy_Jump_Flag is an energy jump flag, a dedicated event flag for sensing. The receiving device can monitor instantaneous changes in the energy of the sensed signal. This parameter is typically a Boolean value or a tri-state value. If the echo signal energy does not experience a drastic jump within the current beam's measurement period (i.e., the echo signal changes smoothly, indicating stable target reflection), then Energy_Jump_Flag = 1 (or a high score). If the echo signal energy experiences a drastic jump (exceeding a preset threshold), it may indicate rapid target movement or the appearance of a new interference source, then Energy_Jump_Flag = 0 (or a low score).

[0139] Doppler_In_Range represents the Doppler frequency shift conformance. The receiving device can process the sensed signal (e.g., Fast Fourier Transform, FFT) to estimate the radial velocity of the sensed target and thus obtain the Doppler frequency shift. The receiving device can then assess whether this Doppler frequency shift is within a reasonable range expected by the business.

[0140] For example, a business-related Doppler threshold range [Fd_low, Fd_high] can be set. This range is related to the sensing scenario. For instance, for pedestrian sensing, where the pedestrian's movement speed is relatively low, the Doppler threshold range is relatively low; for vehicle sensing, where the vehicle's movement speed is relatively high, the Doppler threshold range is relatively high. If the estimated Doppler frequency shift is within this expected range, then Doppler_In_Range = 1 (high score), indicating that the beam may be pointing towards a valid moving target; if it is not within this range (too high, too low, or 0), then Doppler_In_Range = 0 (low score), indicating that the current beam may be pointing towards stationary clutter or an invalid target.

[0141] Spatial_Corr_Score represents the spatial correlation score, a high-level metric specifically for sensing. The receiving device can calculate the spatial correlation between the sensed signal received using the current beam and reference features of the sensed target. Target reference features may include, for example, a known target RCS model or historically learned target contour waveforms. The receiving device can calculate a correlation coefficient (such as a cross-correlation coefficient). A higher correlation coefficient indicates a closer match between the target currently illuminated by the beam and the expected target features, resulting in a higher Spatial_Corr_Score. This parameter can be used to distinguish the echo of the actual sensed target from environmental clutter.

[0142] AI_Prediction_Score represents the AI ​​prediction score, which is directly output by the AI ​​model. The input features of the AI ​​model include one or more of the following parameters: historical RSRP of the current beam, historical RSRQ of the current beam, historical SINR of the current beam, historical sensing measurements, environmental features, service type, etc. Historical sensing measurements include, for example, one or more of distance, speed, and angle; environmental features include, for example, one or more of the location of the transmitting equipment, the location of the receiving equipment, and weather information. Based on the above input parameters, the AI ​​model can predict the stability or retention of the current beam's sensing performance within a future time window and output a normalized prediction score between 0 and 1. Using the AI ​​model, a decision-making shift from "current optimal" to "stable optimal over a future period" can be achieved.

[0143] Historical_Stability represents historical stability, quantifying the performance fluctuations of the current beam over time. It can be calculated by taking the inverse standard deviation, coefficient of variation, or duration of consecutive performance above a threshold of the current beam's overall score over a historical period. A higher Historical_Stability score indicates less performance fluctuation and greater stability. This helps in selecting beams with long-term reliability, avoiding beams that may have high instantaneous quality but exhibit significant fluctuations.

[0144] Unlike communication beams which only measure some communication metrics (such as RSRP, RSRQ, SINR), this application introduces dedicated sensing metrics for sensing beams, including the sensing target RCS, position accuracy, energy jump, Doppler frequency shift, spatial correlation, etc. These indicators can more accurately reflect the quality of sensing performance and are helpful in selecting beams with better sensing performance.

[0145] The above example illustrates the calculation formula for the comprehensive score using only eight parameters. This application does not impose specific limitations on this formula, and the comprehensive score of the sensing beam can be calculated using more or fewer parameters. In other words, the calculation formula for the comprehensive score is not limited to the eight parameters mentioned above; other parameters can be substituted. For example, other sensing-specific measurements can be used or added to calculate the comprehensive score of the sensing beam. For instance, parameters such as RCS and position accuracy can also be used to calculate the comprehensive score of the sensing beam. The specific parameters used to calculate the comprehensive score of the sensing beam depend on the type of sensing service. The calculation process for RCS is described below.

[0146] The receiving equipment measures the received power of the sensing reference signal and, combined with known or estimated system parameters and the estimated distance to the sensed target, calculates an equivalent scattering power or scattering intensity index related to the target's RCS using modified radar equations or electromagnetic scattering models. For ease of description, the equivalent scattering intensity index is used as an example below. System parameters include, for example, one or more of the following: transmit power, transmit antenna gain, receive antenna gain, wavelength, and path loss. The equivalent scattering intensity index can be considered a relative estimate or surrogate of the RCS. When selecting a beam, a beam with a higher index and stable performance can be chosen, as this usually means that the beam illuminates a target area with stronger scattering capabilities or a more important target.

[0147] In ISAC systems, the absolute RCS value of a target cannot be measured with the same precision as in ideally calibrated radar systems. However, this application calculates an equivalent scattering intensity index related to the target's RCS using the following method, which is sufficient for relative comparison and optimization between beams. The principle is based on radar equations and adapted to various sensing scenarios within ISAC.

[0148] The process of calculating the equivalent scattering intensity index in the spontaneous sensing mode is introduced below. The spontaneous sensing mode can also be called the non-cooperative sensing mode or the single-station sensing mode.

[0149] The self-transmitting and self-receiving mode is similar to that of traditional radar scenarios. The relationship between received power (P_r) and target RCS (σ) can be described by the following equation: P_r = (P_t × G_t × G_r × λ^2 × σ) / ((4π)^3 × R^4 × L).

[0150] Where P_t represents the transmit power of the sensing signal; G_t represents the gain of the transmitting antenna in the target direction, the value of which is determined by beamforming; G_r represents the gain of the receiving antenna in the target direction, the value of which is determined by beamforming; λ represents the carrier wavelength; R represents the estimated distance to the sensing target, which can be estimated by the signal round-trip time delay; L represents the system loss, which can be calibrated to a known value; and σ represents the radar cross-section of the target.

[0151] In the above parameters, P_t, G_t, G_r, λ, R, and L are all known values, while σ is the value to be determined. Transforming the above equation to gather all known or measurable quantities onto one side of the equation, we obtain a quantity proportional to σ. Defining σ as the equivalent scattering intensity index, the formula for calculating the equivalent scattering intensity index σ_eff is: σ_eff = k * P_r * R^4.

[0152] Where k = ((4π)^3 * L) / (P_t * G_t * G_r * λ^2), k is a constant for the current transmit-receive beam pair. The equivalent scattering intensity index can be calculated using the above formula.

[0153] The process of calculating the equivalent scattering intensity index in the cooperative sensing mode is described below. This mode is more complex than the spontaneous sensing mode, but the principle is the same. The bistatic radar equations are as follows: P_r=(P_t×G_t×G_r×λ^2×σ_bistatic) / ((4π)^3×R_t^2×R_r^2×L).

[0154] Where R_t represents the estimated distance from the transmitting device to the target; R_r represents the estimated distance from the target to the receiving device; and σ_bistatic represents the bistatic RCS.

[0155] Similar to the spontaneous and self-receiving mode, transforming the above equations and defining the equivalent scattering intensity index σ_eff_bistatic, we have the following formula: σ_eff_bistatic = k_b × P_r × R_t^2 × R_r^2.

[0156] Where, k_b = ((4π)^3 × L) / (P_t × G_t × G_r × λ^2), k_b is a constant for the current transmit-receive beam pair.

[0157] The following describes the specific steps for calculating σ_eff in beam management.

[0158] 1. System calibration: Pre-calculate or calibrate the constants k or k_b for different beam pairs. In some implementations, the constants k or k_b can be obtained through AI model training.

[0159] 2. Real-time measurement: For each candidate beam being measured, the receiving device measures the received power P_r of its sensing RS and obtains the estimated distance R of the target (in the self-sending and receiving mode) or R_t and R_r (in the cooperative sensing mode) through signal processing (such as time delay estimation).

[0160] 3. Calculation of indicators: Based on the above formula, the σ_eff of each beam is calculated in real time.

[0161] 4. Score Mapping: The calculated σ_eff is converted into an input score for the Spatial_Corr_Score or other relevant parameters in the beam optimization scoring formula through a mapping function (such as comparing with a preset threshold or normalizing in a set of candidate beams). For example, the higher the σ_eff of a beam, the higher the score it receives.

[0162] As an example, σ_eff and other measurement results can be converted into scoring parameters related to beam spatial characteristics, time stability, positioning accuracy, Doppler characteristics, or scattering characteristics through a mapping function, such as beam stability related scores, positioning accuracy related scores, Doppler related scores, and RCS related scores. These scoring parameters can then be used as inputs for weighted fusion in the comprehensive score calculation.

[0163] Using the above method, this application leverages the theoretical foundation of radar equations to calculate an equivalent scattering intensity index proportional to the target's RCS by measuring available parameters (received power, estimated range, etc.) and combining them with known system parameters. While this index is not the target's absolute RCS, it serves the purpose of beam selection—identifying the beam that receives the strongest and most stable target echo—thereby significantly improving sensing performance while ensuring the technical feasibility and implementability of the solution.

[0164] The calculation and evaluation of position accuracy will be introduced below.

[0165] a) Theoretical Calculation (for beam optimization prediction): For different beams, the Cramer-Rao lower bound of the positioning accuracy achievable by the beamwidth (e.g., angular resolution) and signal bandwidth (e.g., range resolution), combined with the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), can be theoretically calculated. This is a theoretically optimal lower bound for accuracy. Higher SINR, narrower beam, larger bandwidth, and lower CRLB values ​​indicate higher potential positioning accuracy. This theoretical lower bound can serve as an evaluation criterion for beam selection.

[0166] b) Actual Evaluation (for Beam Performance Verification): During the verification phase of beam switching or failure recovery, the target can be located multiple times using actual target localization algorithms (such as fusion algorithms based on Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) and Angle of Arrival (AoA). The dispersion of these localization points (e.g., root mean square error) is then calculated to practically evaluate the instantaneous position accuracy under the current beam. If this accuracy does not meet the service QoS requirements, beam switching may be triggered.

[0167] In some implementations, the receiving device can determine candidate sensing beams based on the comprehensive score of the sensing beams. The candidate sensing beams include sensing beams with a comprehensive score greater than a first preset threshold, and / or the candidate sensing beams include sensing beams with a comprehensive score that are among the top m, where m is a positive integer.

[0168] In some implementations, the receiving device sends a first beam report to the transmitting device, which includes information about candidate sensing beams. This information includes the candidate sensing beam's identifier and / or measurement results. These measurement results can be used for a comprehensive score. The first beam report can also be referred to as a sensing beam report.

[0169] The transmitting device can select a serving sensing beam based on information from candidate sensing beams. For example, the transmitting device can use the beam with the highest overall score as the serving sensing beam. The transmitting device can indicate the serving sensing beam to the receiving device, enabling the receiving device to use the serving sensing beam to sense objects. For example, the transmitting device sends first information to the receiving device, which includes the identifier of the serving sensing beam.

[0170] The receiving device measures multiple sensing beams to obtain a comprehensive score for each beam, and then determines candidate sensing beams based on this comprehensive score. Candidate sensing beams may include one or more beams.

[0171] In some implementations, the transmitting device can transmit multiple sensing beams using a beam scanning method. To reduce the overhead of the transmitting and receiving devices, the transmitting and receiving devices can negotiate capabilities and determine beam scanning parameters based on the negotiation results. Beam scanning is then performed based on these parameters, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of sensing beam training and avoiding the resource waste and latency associated with 360-degree full-space scanning in traditional communication beam management. The negotiation process between the transmitting and receiving devices is described below.

[0172] The transmitting device sends a negotiation request to the receiving device, which requests capability information from the receiving device. In response to the negotiation request, the receiving device sends a negotiation request response to the transmitting device, which includes the location information of the receiving device and / or the management capability information of the receiving device's sensing beam. The information in the negotiation request response is used by the transmitting device to determine beam scanning parameters.

[0173] The management capability information of the receiving device's sensing beam includes one or more of the following: the number of sensing reference signals of the receiving device, the number of sensing beams of the receiving device, the sensing beamwidth of the receiving device, and the beam switching speed of the receiving device. The number of sensing reference signals can refer to the maximum number of sensing reference signals of the receiving device, and the number of reference signals can refer to the number of reference signal resources. The number of reference signals can include the number of periodically sensed reference signals and / or the number of non-periodic sensed reference signals. The number of sensing beams of the receiving device can refer to the maximum number of sensing beams of the receiving device. The number of sensing beams refers to the number of sensing beams that the receiving device can support configuring, measuring, or processing during the sensing process. These sensing beams can exist simultaneously or be configured, measured, or processed sequentially in a time-division manner. The sensing beamwidth of the receiving device can include the maximum sensing beamwidth and / or the minimum sensing beamwidth of the receiving device. The beam switching speed of the receiving device can refer to the maximum beam switching speed of the receiving device.

[0174] In some implementations, the negotiation request may include beam management capability information of the transmitting device, so that the receiving device can understand the beam management capabilities of the transmitting device. For example, the receiving device can determine whether to respond to the negotiation request based on the beam management capabilities of the transmitting device.

[0175] The beam management capability information of the transmitting equipment includes one or more of the following: the number of sensing reference signals of the transmitting equipment, the number of sensing beams of the transmitting equipment, the sensing beamwidth of the transmitting equipment, the beam switching speed of the transmitting equipment, and the sensing beam transmission power. The number of sensing reference signals may refer to the maximum number of sensing reference signals of the transmitting equipment; the number of reference signals may refer to the number of reference signal resources, and may include the number of periodically sensed reference signals and / or the number of non-periodic sensed reference signals. The number of sensing beams of the transmitting equipment may refer to the maximum number of sensing beams of the transmitting equipment. The sensing beamwidth of the transmitting equipment may include the maximum sensing beamwidth and / or the minimum sensing beamwidth of the transmitting equipment. The beam switching speed of the transmitting equipment may refer to the maximum beam switching speed of the transmitting equipment.

[0176] The aforementioned number of reference signals may refer to the amount of resources that the transmitting or receiving equipment can allocate for the current sensing task (or sensing service).

[0177] Beam scanning parameters include one or more of the following: beam width, beam transmit power, scanning angle range, scanning sequence, and scanning period. The following section combines... Figure 6 This section introduces the method by which the transmitting equipment determines the beam scanning parameters.

[0178] Using the line connecting the transmitting and receiving devices (i.e., the line connecting the coordinates of the transmitting and receiving devices) as the centerline, the sensing beam scanning angle range (or scanning area) is determined based on the maximum horizontal angle range of the sensing beam. The beam scanning angle range includes the start and end angles. The maximum horizontal angle range indicates the range within which the transmitted beam can be received by the receiving device. The number and width of the sensing beams are determined based on the maximum sensing beamwidth, minimum sensing beamwidth, maximum number of sensing beams, and maximum horizontal angle range.

[0179] Figure 6 In this context, angle θ represents the deflection angle of the line connecting the transmitting and receiving devices relative to the x-axis. The transmitting device can determine the approximate direction of the beam based on this angle θ, and then determine the sensing beam scanning angle range based on this line and the maximum beam scanning range.

[0180] Furthermore, the transmitting device can uniformly divide the scanning angle range of the sensing beams based on the determined number of sensing beams, obtaining the pointing angle of each sensing beam. The scanning order of the sensing beams is determined according to the sensing target and service area. A circle is drawn with the location of the transmitting device as the center and the distance 'd' between the transmitting and receiving devices as the radius. The maximum distance between the transmitting device, the target, and the receiving device is obtained based on geometric relationships, thus determining the minimum transmission power for sensing beam scanning. For example, the smaller the maximum distance between the transmitting device, the target, and the receiving device, the smaller the minimum transmission power can be.

[0181] In some implementations, the transmitting device can determine the sensing mode. For example, the transmitting device can determine the sensing mode based on one or more of the following information: the object being sensed, the type of service being sensed, the QoS requirements of the service being sensed, and the sensing scenario. Sensing modes include cooperative sensing modes and non-cooperative sensing modes. Cooperative sensing mode refers to a situation where the transmitting and receiving devices are different devices, while non-cooperative sensing mode refers to a situation where the transmitting and receiving devices are the same device, i.e., the transmitting device transmits and receives data independently.

[0182] In the cooperative sensing mode, the transmitting device can select the receiving device based on the sensing area, the location information of the receiving device, and the location information of the transmitting device, so that the selected receiving device can receive the signal reflected by the sensed object.

[0183] The following describes the selection process for receiving devices in the cooperative sensing mode.

[0184] 1. In a scenario where base station A transmits a beam and base station B receives a beam (i.e., base station A is the transmitting device and base station B is the receiving device), since base station A's location is fixed and the network topology is known, base station A knows the location information of other adjacent base stations. Therefore, base station A can directly select a suitable base station from its neighbors as base station B based on the sensing area and the relative positional relationship between the transmitting and receiving devices. Base station A and base station B exchange subsequent sensing beam management messages through the Xn interface. For example, base station A can choose a closer base station as base station B, or base station A can choose a base station with better network conditions as base station B.

[0185] 2. In scenarios where the terminal transmits a beam and the base station receives a beam (i.e., the terminal is the transmitting device and the base station is the receiving device), the terminal can receive system messages sent by the base station and perform cell measurements. The terminal can obtain the base station's location information by receiving these system messages. Based on the sensing area, the base station's location information, and signal measurement results, the terminal can select the base station with the better signal measurement results from among the base stations covering the sensing area as the receiving device. Subsequent message exchange between the terminal and the base station can be conducted via the Uu interface.

[0186] 3. In scenarios where the terminal is the receiving device, such as a base station transmitting a beam and a terminal receiving the beam, or terminal A transmitting a beam and terminal B receiving the beam, the base station or terminal A can only obtain information about terminals in the RRC connected state, and cannot obtain location or capability information about terminals in the idle or inactive state. Therefore, in order to select a suitable receiving device from all terminals (including connected and idle terminals), the assistance of the core network is required. The following section will discuss this further. Figure 4 This section will introduce the process.

[0187] In step S402, the transmitting device (base station or terminal A) sends a sensing cooperative reception request to the sensing function (SF) network element and authentication management function (AMF) network element of the core network through the access network. This request carries information such as the location of the sensing transmitting device, the sensing area, and the QoS requirements of the sensing service.

[0188] In step S404, SF interacts with the gateway mobile location center (GMLC) and sends a location request to the GMLC to request terminal information within a specific location area.

[0189] In step S406, after the GMLC executes the network positioning process, it replies to the SF with a positioning request response, which carries a list of terminals in the requested location area and their location information.

[0190] In step S408, the SF sends a terminal capability information request to the AMF to request the perception capability information of each terminal in the terminal list obtained in step S406. This request carries a list of terminal identifiers and indicates the type of capability information required.

[0191] In step S410, the AMF replies to the SF with a terminal capability information request response. This response carries a list of terminals and their specified sensing capability information, maximum bandwidth, etc. Sensing capability information includes, for example, whether sensing is supported and the supported sensing modes, including cooperative sensing modes and non-cooperative sensing modes. The larger the maximum bandwidth supported by the terminal device, the higher the resolution and the higher the positioning accuracy of the terminal device.

[0192] In step S412, the SF determines the terminal device list information. For example, based on the location of the transmitting equipment, the sensing area, the sensing QoS requirements, and the location and sensing capability information of the terminals within the sensing area, the SF executes a decision algorithm to select one or more cooperative sensing receiving terminals.

[0193] In step S414, SF replies to the transmitting device with a sensing cooperative reception request response via AMF. The response carries a final list of selected sensing receiving terminals, which includes detailed information such as terminal identifier, location, and sensing capabilities.

[0194] After obtaining relevant information about the receiving device (such as location information) through the above process, the transmitting device can negotiate capabilities with the receiving device and determine beam scanning parameters (such as scanning width, angle range, transmission power, etc.), thereby significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of sensing beam training and avoiding the resource waste and latency caused by full-space 360-degree scanning in traditional communication beam management.

[0195] After selecting the receiving device, the transmitting device can then perform sensing beam negotiation and preprocessing procedures with the receiving device, such as... Figure 5 As shown.

[0196] In step S502, the transmitting device sends a sensing beam pre-negotiation request to the receiving device. This request includes negotiation information from the transmitting device, which includes one or more of the following: location coordinates, transmit beam management capability information, and information requesting the receiving device. The transmit beam management capability information includes one or more of the following: maximum number of sensing beams, maximum number of sensing RS resources, maximum number of aperiodic sensing RS resources, maximum sensing beam transmit power, maximum sensing beamwidth, minimum sensing beamwidth, maximum beam switching speed, etc.

[0197] In step S504, the receiving device sends a sensing beam pre-negotiation request response to the transmitting device. This response includes negotiation information from the receiving device, which includes location coordinate information and / or sensing beam management capability information. The sensing beam management capability information includes one or more of the following: maximum number of sensing RS resources, maximum number of sensing beams, maximum sensing beamwidth, maximum sensing beam switching speed, etc.

[0198] In step S506, the transmitting device determines the scanning parameters of the sensing beam based on the negotiation information from the receiving device, as well as the sensing target task and sensing area. These parameters include one or more of the following: scanning beamwidth, transmission power, scanning angle range, scanning sequence, and scanning period. The specific calculation process is as follows.

[0199] After obtaining the parameters for sensing beam scanning, the sensing beam training process can be executed. See below for further details. Figure 5 .

[0200] In step S508, the transmitting device sends a sensing beam scanning measurement configuration to the receiving device. This configuration includes one or more of the following: sensing beam measurement parameters, beam selection criteria, and reporting conditions. The sensing beam measurement parameters indicate which parameters the receiving device needs to measure. The beam selection criteria can be, for example, the formula used to calculate the overall score mentioned above. The reporting conditions are the conditions under which the receiving device performs beam reporting; these reporting conditions can be, for example, a first condition.

[0201] In step S510, the transmitting device performs a sensing beam scan, transmitting a set of beams into the sensing area. The beams may carry identification information so that the receiving device can identify them. The beam information may be an identifier of the sensing RS resource.

[0202] In step S512, the receiving device performs sensing beam measurement and selection on the scanned beams. The receiving device measures each beam and scores each beam based on beam selection criteria to select the beam.

[0203] In step S514, the receiving device sends a sensing beam report to the transmitting device based on the scoring results. This sensing beam report includes beam list information, which includes information on beams whose scoring results rank in the top m or whose scoring results are greater than a preset threshold.

[0204] In step S516, the transmitting and receiving devices perform beam-based sensing using the selected serving beam. In some implementations, the transmitting device can select a beam from a beam list as the serving beam and notify the receiving device of the serving beam's identifier. In some implementations, if the beam list includes only one beam identifier, the transmitting and receiving devices can directly use that beam as the serving beam.

[0205] In some implementations, the transmitting device may send first configuration information to the receiving device, which may include one or more of the following configurations: sensing beam measurement configuration, wireless link monitoring configuration, and beam failure recovery configuration.

[0206] In some implementations, the sensing beam measurement configuration includes a reference signal type. The reference signal type (RStype) includes a sensing reference signal; that is, in the embodiments of this application, a sensing reference signal can be added to the traditional reference signal type. For example, the value of the reference signal type field can be {SSB, CSI-RS, sensing reference signal}.

[0207] In some implementations, the sensing beam measurement configuration includes a measurement report quantity, which includes sensing measurements. That is, embodiments of this application can add sensing measurements to a traditional measurement report quantity; for example, the sensing measurement quantity field can take the values ​​{RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, sensing measurement quantity}. The sensing measurements may, for example, include parameters from the first measurement result mentioned above.

[0208] In some implementations, the sensing beam measurement configuration includes measurement events, which include one or more of the following: the measurement result of the serving sensing beam is less than a second preset threshold; the measurement result of the candidate sensing beam is higher than the measurement result of the serving sensing beam, and the difference between the measurement results of the candidate sensing beam and the serving sensing beam is greater than or equal to a third preset threshold; the measurement result of the serving sensing beam is less than or equal to a fourth preset threshold, and the measurement result of the candidate sensing beam is greater than or equal to a fifth preset threshold. Here, the measurement result can be any one or more parameters from the first measurement result, or the measurement result can refer to a comprehensive score, or the measurement result can refer to a first prediction result; this application embodiment does not specifically limit this.

[0209] In some implementations, the sensing beam measurement configuration includes reporting conditions, which can be the first condition described below. The receiving device can send a beam report to the transmitting device if these reporting conditions are met.

[0210] In some implementations, the wireless link monitoring configuration includes an index of the sensing reference signal. That is, in the embodiments of this application, an index of the sensing reference signal can be added to the wireless link monitoring configuration, so that the wireless link monitoring configuration can be applied to the ISAC system.

[0211] In some implementations, the candidate beam reference signal in the beam failure recovery configuration includes a sensing reference signal. That is, in the embodiments of this application, a sensing reference signal can be added to the beam failure recovery configuration, so that the beam failure recovery configuration can be applied to the ISAC system.

[0212] As described above, after selecting a serving sense beam, the receiving and transmitting devices can use the serving sense beam to sense the object. During the sensing process, the receiving device can also monitor the performance of the serving sense beam and / or the candidate sense beams to facilitate subsequent sense beam switching.

[0213] The sensing beam switching process can include: measurement-based sensing beam switching, AI prediction-based sensing beam switching, and condition-based sensing beam switching. These three scenarios are described below.

[0214] For measurement-based sensing beam switching, the receiving device can measure the sensing beam and send a beam report to the transmitting device, which then decides whether to perform sensing beam switching and / or determines the sensing beam after switching.

[0215] See Figure 7 In step S702, the receiving device determines the measurement result of the sensing beam. This measurement result can be the first measurement result mentioned above, or it can be the comprehensive score mentioned above.

[0216] In step S704, the receiving device sends a second beam report to the transmitting device. The second beam report can also be called a sensing beam report.

[0217] The receiving device can send the second beam report periodically based on service requirements, or via beam reporting when the first condition is met. For example, the receiving device can periodically send the second beam report to the transmitting device, or send the second beam report to the transmitting device when the first condition is met.

[0218] Whether the sensing beam report is sent periodically or only when the first condition is met can be determined by the receiving device or instructed by the transmitting device; this embodiment does not specifically limit this. Optionally, the method of sending the sensing beam report is determined by the base station. For example, if the transmitting device is a base station and the receiving device is a terminal device, the transmitting device instructs the receiving device on the method of sending the sensing beam report. Alternatively, if the transmitting device is a terminal device and the receiving device is a base station, the receiving device can determine the method of sending the sensing beam report itself. Furthermore, if both the transmitting and receiving devices are base stations, the method of sending the sensing beam report can be determined by either the transmitting or receiving device. Similarly, if both the transmitting and receiving devices are terminal devices, the method of sending the sensing beam report can be determined by either the transmitting or receiving device, or it can be instructed by the base station to the terminal device.

[0219] The first condition includes one or more of the following: the overall score of the service-aware beam is less than or equal to the sixth preset threshold; the energy jump of the service-aware beam is abnormal; the overall score of the service-aware beam predicted by the AI ​​model in the future time window is less than or equal to the seventh preset threshold; and the overall score of the candidate sensing beam predicted by the AI ​​model in the future time window is less than or equal to the eighth preset threshold.

[0220] The overall score of the sensing beam reflects its sensing performance. If the overall score of the serving sensing beam is less than or equal to the sixth preset threshold, it means that the current serving sensing beam has poor performance, the sensing quality has deteriorated, and a switch may be necessary. In this case, the receiving device can send a beam report to the transmitting device so that the transmitting device can switch the serving sensing beam in time to ensure sensing performance.

[0221] The overall score of the service-aware beam being less than or equal to the sixth preset threshold means that the overall score of the service-aware beam is continuously less than or equal to the sixth preset threshold multiple times. This avoids beam reporting due to poor instantaneous quality of the service-aware beam, reducing the number of reports from the receiving device and lowering reporting overhead. In addition, it also avoids frequent switching of the sensing beam, which would affect sensing performance.

[0222] An abnormal energy jump in the serving sense beam can occur when a sensed object is lost or its state changes, causing the serving sense beam to fail to detect the object and resulting in an abnormal energy level in the sense signal received by the receiving device. In this situation, the receiving device can send a beam report to the transmitting device, enabling the transmitting device to switch the serving sense beam in a timely manner to ensure sensing performance.

[0223] If the overall score of the service-aware beam predicted by the AI ​​model is less than or equal to the seventh preset threshold in the future time window, it indicates that the current service-aware beam's perception performance is about to deteriorate. In this case, the receiving device can send a beam report to the transmitting device so that the transmitting device can switch the service-aware beam in time to ensure subsequent perception performance.

[0224] If the comprehensive score of the candidate sensing beam predicted by the AI ​​model is less than or equal to the eighth preset threshold in the future time window, it indicates that the candidate sensing beam has good subsequent sensing performance. In this case, the receiving device can send a beam report to the transmitting device so that the transmitting device can switch the service sensing switching beam to the candidate sensing beam to ensure subsequent sensing performance.

[0225] By using AI models to predict the quality of future sensing beams, early warning prompts can be provided, enabling a shift from "post-event remediation" to "pre-event prevention."

[0226] In some implementations, the second beam report includes one or more of the following: a comprehensive score for the service-aware beam, a list of candidate sensing beams predicted by an AI model, a comprehensive score for the service-aware beam within a future time window predicted by an AI model, a handover urgency, and an identifier for the recommended handover beam. By carrying this information, the transmitting equipment can make the correct handover decision, switching the service-aware beam to a suitable candidate sensing beam, thus ensuring sensing performance.

[0227] The candidate sensing beam list obtained based on AI model prediction includes the identifier of the candidate sensing beam and the measurement results of the candidate sensing beam. The candidate sensing beam can include sensing beams with sensing performance greater than or equal to a preset threshold, or sensing beams with sensing performance ranking in the top n, where n is a positive integer.

[0228] The urgency of the handover indicates the timeliness of the handover. The transmitting equipment can use this urgency to instruct the receiving equipment to switch sensing beams. For example, if the performance of the current serving sensing beam is poor, the handover requirement is urgent, and the transmitting equipment needs to switch to the serving sensing beam as quickly as possible to avoid impacting sensing performance. Conversely, if the performance of the current serving sensing beam is expected to degrade in the future, or if the candidate sensing beam has good performance in the future, this indicates that the performance of the serving sensing beam is acceptable at the current moment. Therefore, the handover requirement is not as urgent, and the transmitting equipment can complete the handover within a certain timeframe.

[0229] The recommended switching beam identifier is the beam with better sensing performance determined by the receiving device based on measurement results or comprehensive scoring. By carrying the identifier of the recommended switching beam, the transmitting device can quickly determine the target sensing beam and reduce switching latency.

[0230] In some implementations, Figure 7 The method further includes step S706, whereby after receiving the second beam report, the transmitting device can send a first switching command to the receiving device. The first switching command is used by the receiving device to perform sensing beam switching, or in other words, the first switching command is used by the receiving device to switch the sensing beam to the target sensing beam.

[0231] The first switching command includes one or more of the following information: the identifier of the target sensing beam, the beam parameters of the target sensing beam, and the switching timing. The target sensing beam may refer to the sensing beam after the switch. The beam parameters may include one or more of beamwidth, beam direction, and transmit power. The switching timing is used to indicate when the transmitting device should perform beam switching, so that the receiving device and the transmitting device can reach a consensus on when to use the target sensing beam. In some implementations, the first switching command also includes synchronization information, which is the beam switching synchronization parameters between the receiving device and the transmitting device.

[0232] After receiving the first switching command, the receiving device can use the target sensing beam to sense the object. Additionally, in step S708, the receiving device can also send a sensing beam switching completion message to the transmitting device.

[0233] In step S710, after the sensing beam switching is completed, the receiving device and the transmitting device can also perform sensing beam switching verification to verify the performance of the switched sensing beam. For example, the receiving device can compare the sensing performance of the sensing beam before and after the switch. If the sensing performance of the switched sensing beam is lower than that of the sensing beam before the switch, it can try to switch to other candidate sensing beams.

[0234] In step S712, the transmitting device can send a beam update notification to adjacent transmitting devices. The beam update notification includes the identifier of the target sensing beam and the beam parameters of the target sensing beam, so that adjacent transmitting devices can perform cooperative beamforming, avoid transmitting beams pointing in the same direction as much as possible, and reduce inter-beam interference.

[0235] The following describes the perception-based AI prediction-driven beam switching process. AI prediction-driven perception-driven beam switching can also be understood as blind switching. This scheme allows the transmitting device to directly initiate beam switching based on AI prediction without waiting for measurement reports from the receiving device. This scheme is suitable for scenarios with high requirements for handover latency.

[0236] See Figure 8 In step S810, the transmitting device sends a second switching command to the receiving device. The second switching command includes the identifier of the target sensing beam and / or the beam parameters of the target sensing beam. The second switching command is used by the receiving device to perform sensing beam switching, or in other words, the second switching command is used by the receiving device to switch the sensing beam to the target sensing beam.

[0237] In step S820, the receiving device uses the target sensing beam to sense the sensing object.

[0238] In some implementations, the transmitting device can use an AI model to determine the target sensing beam. The transmitting device can use the AI ​​model to predict the sensing beam in real time. If the AI ​​model predicts that the performance of the currently serving sensing beam is about to deteriorate, or predicts a sensing beam with better performance than the currently serving sensing beam, and an immediate sensing beam switch is required, then the transmitting device sends a second switching command to the receiving device. The identifier of the aforementioned target sensing beam can be predicted by the AI ​​model.

[0239] In some implementations, in step S805, the transmitting device predicts the sensing performance of each sensing beam within a future time window based on one or more of the following: historical measurement results of the sensed object, the transmitting device's moving speed, the transmitting device's trajectory information, the receiving device's moving speed, the receiving device's trajectory information, and environmental feature data. In other words, the transmitting device can input the above information into an AI model, which then predicts the sensing performance of each sensing beam within the future time window.

[0240] The transmitting device can determine whether to perform a switching of the sensing beam based on the prediction results, or the AI ​​model can directly output a switching decision, such as whether to perform a switching of the sensing beam and the identifier of the target sensing beam. If a switching of the sensing beam is required, step S810 is executed to send a second switching command to the receiving device.

[0241] After receiving the second switching command, the receiving device can perform a switching of the sensing beam, adjusting the sensing beam to the specified target sensing beam. In step S830, the receiving device replies to the transmitting device with a sensing beam switching completion message.

[0242] In step S840, after the switching is completed, the transmitting and receiving devices perform switching performance verification and evaluation of the sensing beam.

[0243] The receiving device can compare the sensing performance of the sensing beam before and after the handover. If the performance of the sensing beam after the handover meets the requirements, the handover is successful. If the performance of the sensing beam after the handover does not meet the requirements, such as the sensing performance of the sensing beam after the handover being lower than that of the sensing beam before the handover, the sensing beam rollback or reselection process is initiated.

[0244] Sensing beam backoff includes sensing beam backoff triggered by the transmitting device and sensing beam backoff triggered by the receiving device. For sensing beam backoff triggered by the transmitting device, in step S850, the transmitting device sends a backoff command to the receiving device. This backoff command includes the identifier (ID) of the original sensing beam, the ID of the new candidate beam, and the beam parameters of the new candidate beam. After completing the sensing deployment handover verification and backoff, proceed to step S880.

[0245] For example, in step S850, the receiving device sends a rollback request to the transmitting device, requesting a rollback to the sensing beam before the handover. For a sensing beam rollback triggered by the receiving device, in step S860, the receiving device sends a sensing beam rollback request to the transmitting device. This request includes one or more of the following information: the beam ID that currently does not meet sensing performance requirements, the desired beam ID to which the rollback is to be returned, and the rollback reason. In step S870, after receiving the request, the transmitting device can send a sensing beam rollback request response message to the receiving device. This response message is used to acknowledge or reject the beam rollback request. If the transmitting device rejects the beam rollback request, it can also include a rejection reason or a failure reason in the response message.

[0246] If the response message confirms the beamback request, the receiving device switches to the backed-up sensing beam and continues to execute step S880.

[0247] In step S880, the transmitting and receiving devices perform sensing beam switching verification. The receiving device can compare the sensing performance of the sensing beam before and after the switch. If the performance of the sensing beam after the switch is lower than that of the sensing beam before the switch, it can try to switch to other candidate beams.

[0248] In addition, the transmitting equipment can also send beam update notifications to other adjacent transmitting equipment. These notifications include the identifier of the target sensing beam and the beam parameters of the target sensing beam, so that adjacent transmitting equipment can perform cooperative beamforming, avoid transmitting beams pointing in the same direction as much as possible, and reduce inter-beam interference.

[0249] The following is combined Figure 9This paper introduces the condition-aware beam switching process. This scheme involves the transmitting equipment pre-configuring switching conditions, and the receiving equipment automatically performing the switch when the conditions are met, aiming to reduce signaling overhead and improve switching reliability.

[0250] In step S910, the transmitting device sends second configuration information to the receiving device. This second configuration information includes one or more of the following: a second condition, an identifier of the target sensing beam, and beam parameters of the target sensing beam. The second condition is a switching condition for the sensing beam, or in other words, a switching condition for the receiving device to switch (or actively switch) to the target sensing beam. The beam parameters include one or more of beamwidth, beam direction, and transmit power.

[0251] In step S920, if the second condition is met, the receiving device switches to the target sensing beam; in other words, the receiving device uses the target sensing beam to sense the object; or, the receiving device uses the target sensing beam as the current serving sensing beam. The receiving device can monitor the sensing performance of the sensing beams (serving sensing beam and target sensing beam) to determine whether the second condition is met.

[0252] In some implementations, prior to step S910, the transmitting device predicts the sensing performance of each sensing beam within a future time window based on one or more of the following: historical measurement results of the sensed object, the transmitting device's moving speed, the transmitting device's trajectory information, the receiving device's moving speed, the receiving device's trajectory information, and environmental feature data. For example, the transmitting device can input the above information into an AI model, which then predicts the sensing performance of each beam within the future time window.

[0253] If the AI ​​model predicts that a sensing beam switching is needed, the transmitting device determines the target sensing beam. Additionally, the transmitting device can generate a set of preset switching conditions, i.e., a second condition. In some implementations, the second condition may include, for example, that the overall score of the serving sensing beam is below threshold 1 and the overall score of the target sensing beam is above threshold 2. Of course, the second condition may also include other conditions, which are not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0254] After receiving the second configuration information, the receiving device can continuously monitor the serving sensing beam and the target sensing beam. When the second condition is met, the receiving device autonomously initiates and switches to the designated target sensing beam. After the switch is completed, in step S930, the receiving device sends a sensing beam switching completion message to the transmitting device.

[0255] In step S940, the transmitting and receiving devices perform sensing beam switching verification. The transmitting and receiving devices collaboratively verify the sensing performance of the switched sensing beam. The receiving device can compare the sensing performance of the sensing beam before and after the switch; if the performance of the switched sensing beam is lower than that of the original sensing beam, it can attempt to switch to another candidate beam.

[0256] In step S950, the transmitting device may also send a beam update notification to adjacent transmitting devices. The beam update notification includes the identifier of the target sensing beam and the beam parameters of the target sensing beam, so that adjacent transmitting devices can perform cooperative beamforming, avoid transmitting beams pointing in the same direction as much as possible, and reduce inter-beam interference.

[0257] The following is combined Figure 10 This section introduces the recovery process for sensing beam failure.

[0258] In some implementations, see Figure 10 In step S1010, the receiving device performs sensing beam failure detection. For example, if a third condition is met, the receiving device sends a sensing beam failure report to the transmitting device. The third condition includes one or more of the following: the reflected power of the sensed object is less than or equal to a ninth preset threshold, the measurement result of the service sensing beam is less than or equal to the service-required threshold, and the sensing quality of the service sensing beam predicted by the AI ​​model within a future time window is less than or equal to a tenth preset threshold.

[0259] If the reflected power of the sensed object is less than or equal to the ninth preset threshold, it indicates that the sensed object is lost, the receiving device cannot detect the sensed object, or the energy of the sensed beam detected by the receiving device is low. Beam failure recovery in this situation is urgent and requires immediate action.

[0260] The measurement results of the service-aware beam can include one or more of the following: SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, distance measurement accuracy, and velocity measurement accuracy. A measurement result for the service-aware beam that is less than or equal to the service-required threshold indicates a deterioration in the perception quality of the service-aware beam, requiring immediate beam failure recovery.

[0261] The sensing beam failure report includes one or more of the following information: failure time, failure cause, measurement results of the candidate recovery beam, and environmental characteristics. The failure time indicates the time when the sensing beam failure occurred, and the failure cause can be one of the reasons mentioned in the third condition. The candidate recovery beam can be a candidate sensing beam used for sensing beam recovery; or, in other words, it is the recovered beam selected by the receiving device, to which the transmitting device can switch its beam. In some embodiments, the candidate recovery beam may include one or more beams; this application does not specifically limit this.

[0262] In some implementations, the sensing beam failure report may also include one or more of the following information: service continuity requirements, predicted recovery time, and predicted probability of successful recovery. This information helps the transmitting equipment make appropriate sensing beam failure recovery decisions.

[0263] In step S1020, if the third condition is met, the receiving device selects one or more target sensing beams that meet the recovery condition from the configured sensing beam list. The recovery condition may include, for example, the measurement result of the sensing beam being greater than a preset threshold.

[0264] In step S1030, the receiving device sends a sensing beam recovery message to the transmitting device. In some implementations, the sensing beam recovery message includes the aforementioned sensing beam failure report.

[0265] In step S1040, the transmitting device sends a sensing beam recovery completion message to the receiving device. After switching the beam to the target sensing beam, the transmitting device can send a sensing beam recovery completion message to the receiving device.

[0266] In step S1050, the transmitting device sends a sensing beam failure information request to the receiving device, which is used to obtain a sensing beam failure information report.

[0267] In step S1060, the receiving device sends a sensing beam failure information report to the transmitting device. This report includes a list of failed sensing beams, which may include one or more of the following: beam identifier, number of failures, failure time, and geographical location information. This sensing beam failure information report is used to optimize future beam management decisions.

[0268] In some implementations, the aforementioned perceived beam failure report can be carried within a message of the random access procedure. For example, the receiving device can send a perceived beam failure report to the transmitting device via the physical random access channel (PRACH). The beam failure report can also be carried within a BFR medium access control element (MAC CE).

[0269] In some implementations, the sensing beam failure report may also include an identifier of the target sensing beam. For example, the BFR MAC CE includes an index of the sensing reference signal. The receiving device can switch its sensing beam to the target sensing beam and wait for a response from the transmitting device.

[0270] After receiving a beam failure report, the transmitting equipment can switch its own sensing beam to the target sensing beam and send a response message on that target sensing beam. If the receiving equipment receives this response message, then the beam failure recovery is complete.

[0271] In step S1070, the transmitting device may send a beam update notification to adjacent transmitting devices. The beam update notification includes the identifier of the target sensing beam and the beam parameters of the target sensing beam, so that adjacent transmitting devices can perform cooperative beamforming, avoid transmitting beams pointing in the same direction as much as possible, and reduce inter-beam interference.

[0272] The preceding text primarily uses a cooperative sensing mode as an example to introduce the solutions of the embodiments of this application. As can be seen from the preceding text, in addition to the cooperative sensing mode, the solutions of the embodiments of this application can also be applied to a non-cooperative sensing mode, that is, the transmitting device transmits a sensing beam and receives the sensing signal reflected back from the sensing object. The non-cooperative sensing mode will be described below. It should be noted that some aspects of the non-cooperative sensing mode are similar to those of the cooperative sensing mode; content not described in detail below can be found in the preceding description and will not be repeated for brevity.

[0273] In some implementations, the transmitting device receives first sensing information, the first sensing signal being the signal reflected by the sensing beam after passing through the sensing object, and the transmitting device measures the first sensing signal to obtain a first measurement result.

[0274] The first measurement result may include one or more of the following: RCS, position accuracy obtained by locating the sensed object, energy jump of the first sensed signal, Doppler frequency shift of the first sensed signal, and spatial correlation between the first sensed signal and the sensed object. Additionally, the first measurement result may also include one or more of the following parameters: RSRP, RSRQ, and SINR.

[0275] Similar to the measurement and calculation process of the receiving device, the transmitting device can perform weighted fusion of the parameters in the first measurement result and the first prediction result using a first weight ratio to obtain a comprehensive score for the sensing beam. This comprehensive score can be used in subsequent beam selection, beam switching, or beam failure recovery procedures.

[0276] In some implementations, see Figure 11 In step S1110, the transmitting device can autonomously determine the scanning parameters of the sensing beam based on information such as the sensing service type, the QoS requirements of the sensing service, and the sensing area, using a built-in sensing AI model. These parameters include the number of scanning beams, beamwidth, transmission power, scanning angle range, scanning sequence, scanning duration, and period, thereby achieving intelligent and optimized scanning process.

[0277] In step S1120, the transmitting equipment can determine the sensing beam measurement parameters and sensing beam selection conditions according to the sensing service.

[0278] In step S1130, the transmitting device performs a sensing beam scan and transmits a set of beams carrying sensing RS resource identifiers to the sensing area.

[0279] In step S1140, the transmitting device receives the echo signal of the sensing beam.

[0280] In step S1150, the transmitting device performs the measurement and selection of the sensing beam.

[0281] As an example, the transmitting equipment determines the sensing beam measurement parameters and beam selection conditions based on service requirements, and scores each sensing beam using a comprehensive scoring formula. The transmitting equipment generates a list of sensing beams in descending order of comprehensive score. Beam selection conditions can be, for example, the second condition mentioned above.

[0282] The transmit beam selects the beam with the highest overall score from the sensing beam list as the serving sensing beam, and maintains a candidate sensing beam list. This candidate sensing beam list can have its validity period set based on the prediction results of the AI ​​model.

[0283] In step S1160, the transmitting device performs beam-based sensing using the selected service sensing beam.

[0284] In some implementations, the transmitting device can perform switching of the sensing beam. See also Figure 12 In step S1210, the transmitting device can continuously monitor the serving sensing beam and candidate sensing beams in use. The transmitting device can combine real-time measurement results, historical measurement data of each sensing beam, environmental information, etc., to extract the historical average quality, quality change trend, environmental characteristics, etc. of the sensing beam, and process them using an AI model.

[0285] In some implementations, the transmitting device can use an AI model to output predicted sensing beam measurement results, actual sensing beam switching, and recommended target sensing beams.

[0286] In some implementations, in step S1220, the transmitted beam can perform a switching of the sensing beam if a first condition is met. The first condition includes one or more of the following: the overall score of the serving sensing beam is less than or equal to a sixth preset threshold; the energy jump of the serving sensing beam is abnormal; the overall score of the serving sensing beam predicted by the AI ​​model in a future time window is less than or equal to a seventh preset threshold; and the overall score of the candidate sensing beam predicted by the AI ​​model in a future time window is less than or equal to an eighth preset threshold.

[0287] As an example, the transmitting device can switch to the target sensing beam and continue to perform beam-based sensing if the first condition is met.

[0288] In step S1230, the transmitting device verifies the switched sensing beam. The transmitting device can compare the sensing performance of the sensing beam before and after the switch. If the performance of the switched sensing beam meets the requirements, the switch is successful. If the performance of the switched sensing beam does not meet the requirements, such as the sensing performance of the switched sensing beam being lower than that of the sensing beam before the switch, the sensing beam rollback is initiated, rolling back to the sensing beam before the switch, or a new candidate sensing beam is selected from the candidate list for another switch, until the sensing performance requirements are met or all candidate beam attempts are completed.

[0289] The transmitting equipment generates a sensing beam switching report, which is used for post-event evaluation and optimization of the AI ​​model. This report includes, but is not limited to, the following information: number of beam switchings, total beam switching duration, and the degree of improvement in sensing performance before and after the switching.

[0290] In some implementations, the transmitting device can perform a sensing beam failure recovery process. The transmitting device can perform sensing beam failure monitoring to determine whether a third condition is met, which includes one or more of the following: the reflected power of the sensed object is less than or equal to a ninth preset threshold, the measurement result of the serving sensing beam is less than or equal to the threshold required by the business, and the sensing quality of the serving sensing beam predicted by the AI ​​model in a future time window is less than or equal to a tenth preset threshold.

[0291] The transmitting equipment can perform sensing beam failure recovery if the third condition is met. For example, the transmitting equipment can generate a sensing beam failure report, which includes one or more of the following information: failure time, failure cause, measurement results of candidate recovery beams, environmental characteristics, service continuity requirements, predicted recovery time, and predicted probability of successful recovery.

[0292] Based on the foregoing introduction, the improvements of this application include the construction of a new paradigm for sensing beam management that is decoupled from communication, complete, and intelligent. Compared with traditional communication beam management, this application has at least the following advantages: 1. This application defines a complete beam management process specifically for sensing services, including "sensing scheme determination -> sensing beam preprocessing -> sensing beam training (scanning, measurement, selection, reporting) -> beam-based sensing -> sensing beam switching and failure recovery". This process is logically and physically independent of communication beam management, fundamentally resolving the contradictions caused by the unknown and passive nature of the sensing target.

[0293] 2. New sensing-specific signaling and parameter fields are defined. As mentioned above, this application redefines and expands some signaling dimensions in beam management, introducing sensing-specific reference signals and sensing-specific measurement quantities. This differs from the signaling fields in traditional communication. For ease of understanding, Table 1 shows the parameter fields in traditional communication and the sensing-specific parameter fields added in this application.

[0294] Table 1

[0295] 3. A beam intelligent selection criterion based on multi-dimensional sensing indicators is introduced. This application innovatively introduces a comprehensive scoring index based on sensing-specific measurements. Through the configuration of weights, beam selection can take into account communication link quality, sensing target characteristics (such as energy jumps, Doppler frequency shifts, etc.), and prediction stability, realizing the transformation of beam selection optimization objective from "optimal communication quality" to "optimal sensing performance".

[0296] 4. A preprocessing mechanism for sensing beams is proposed, greatly improving training efficiency. Considering the spatiotemporal characteristics of the sensing target area, this application adds a preprocessing stage before beam training. By exchanging position and capability information between the transmitting and receiving devices, optimized beam scanning parameters (such as scan width, angle range, transmit power, and scan order) are pre-calculated. This contrasts sharply with the full-space scanning of communication beams, transforming "blind scanning" into "directional precise scanning," significantly reducing scanning overhead and latency, and improving system efficiency.

[0297] 5. Deeply integrated perception AI model. This application deeply embeds AI prediction into the core of beam management. AI models are introduced into beam selection to assess future beam quality in advance. During beam switching, predictive switching is triggered based on AI prediction results, or blind switching is initiated directly by the transmitting equipment, which is far faster than traditional switching based on hysteresis measurements. In the failure recovery process, perception beam failure prediction is achieved through direct and indirect predictions using AI models. Based on confidence levels, the direct and indirect prediction results are merged to provide early warnings and prepare recovery resources, transforming the recovery process from "post-event rescue" to "pre-event prevention."

[0298] 6. A unified dynamic management mechanism applicable to both cooperative and non-cooperative sensing modes was designed. This application systematically provides a unified beam dynamic management framework for both cooperative and non-cooperative sensing modes. Whether in cooperative scenarios involving signaling interaction or in non-cooperative scenarios with autonomous decision-making, it fully covers the three core functions of beam training, dynamic switching, and failure recovery, ensuring the collaborative application of AI models in both scenarios and demonstrating the completeness and universality of the solution.

[0299] The prediction mechanism of this application is not a simple application of a single model, but a complex, integrated intelligent system. The prediction mechanism in the embodiments of this application can be as follows: Figure 13 As shown, the failure event of the sensing beam is predicted by fusing the dual-path prediction model.

[0300] Traditional methods rely solely on a single "direct measurement." This application, however, constructs a dual-sensor AI prediction model that performs both direct and indirect predictions, achieving full coverage of different failure causes.

[0301] Direct prediction path: Using historical, actual sensing beam measurement information (such as sensing SINR, object reflection power, distance accuracy, etc.) as input, an AI model1 (such as a time-series model like a long short-term memory network (LSTM) or a gated recurrent unit (GRU)) directly predicts the sensing measurement values ​​at future moments. This path excels at predicting failures caused by the natural degradation of link quality.

[0302] Indirect prediction pathway: Using environmental feature data (such as the moving speed and trajectory of the transceiver, the historical movement patterns of the sensed object, geographic information system data, and even weather information) as input, AI Model 2 predicts the probability of future beam failure. This pathway excels at predicting failures caused by beam pointing errors (i.e., object loss) due to the movement of objects or transceiver nodes.

[0303] In addition, this application does not simply average the outputs of the two AI models, but introduces a confidence-based merging strategy to make more reliable decisions.

[0304] Each AI model outputs a prediction result (such as "the probability of failure within the next 100ms is 80%), along with a confidence score, which reflects the reliability of the prediction result under the current input conditions.

[0305] A central decision-maker weights and combines the predictions and confidence scores of the two models. For example, in scenarios where objects are moving at high speeds, the confidence score of the indirect prediction path (based on trajectory prediction) may be higher; while in static scenarios, the confidence score of the direct prediction path is better.

[0306] Ultimately, the system will only generate a "predicted sensing beam failure event" warning when the combined failure probability exceeds a dynamically adjusted threshold.

[0307] Based on this predictive event, the system can initiate the recovery process in advance, before beam quality deteriorates and while sensing services are still operating normally. For example, it can measure and confirm candidate beams in advance, or even directly initiate "predictive switching," thereby achieving seamless beam failure recovery for services. This is crucial for highly reliable, low-latency sensing services.

[0308] It should be understood that Figures 1 to 13 The flowcharts or scene diagrams shown are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application to the examples illustrated. In fact, those skilled in the art can interpret the embodiments based on... Figures 1 to 13 The examples in the document can be transformed into equivalent ways to obtain more implementations.

[0309] The above text combined Figures 1 to 13 This document describes in detail the communication method provided in the embodiments of this application. The following will combine... Figures 14 to 15 The device embodiments of this application are described in detail below. It should be understood that the communication device of this application embodiment can execute the various communication methods of the foregoing embodiments of this application, that is, the specific working processes of the various products below can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0310] In the embodiments described above, the transmitting device may execute some or all of the steps in each embodiment; the receiving device may execute some or all of the steps in each embodiment. These steps or operations are merely examples, and the embodiments of this application may also perform other operations or variations thereof. Furthermore, the steps may be executed in different orders as presented in the embodiments, and it is not necessary to execute all the operations in the embodiments of this application. Moreover, the sequence number of each step does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0311] Figure 14 This is a schematic block diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 14 As shown, the communication device 1400 may include a communication module 1420. The communication module 1420 can implement corresponding communication functions, which can be internal communication functions of the communication device 1400 or communication functions between the communication device 1400 and other devices. Optionally, the communication module 1420 may also be referred to as a communication interface or transceiver module. Optionally, the communication device 1400 further includes a processing module 1410. The processing module 1410 can implement corresponding processing functions.

[0312] Optionally, the communication device 1400 further includes a storage module, which can be used to store instructions and / or data; the processing module 1410 can read the instructions and / or data in the storage module so that the communication device 1400 can implement the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0313] In one possible design, the communication device 1400 may correspond to the transmitting device in the above method embodiments, or to a component (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system) configured in the transmitting device. The communication device 1400 may be used to perform the steps or processes performed by the transmitting device in any of the above method embodiments.

[0314] For example, in some implementations, the communication module 1420 is used to: transmit a sensing beam to a sensing object, the sensing beam being reflected by the sensing object to form a first sensing signal, the first sensing signal being received and measured by a receiving device to obtain a first measurement result, the first measurement result including one or more of the following parameters: the target radar cross section (RCS), the position accuracy obtained by locating the sensing object, the energy jump of the first sensing signal, the Doppler frequency shift of the first sensing signal, and the spatial correlation between the first sensing signal and the sensing object.

[0315] The above are merely examples; for detailed steps or procedures, please refer to the descriptions in the foregoing embodiments.

[0316] In one possible design, the communication device 1400 may correspond to the receiving device in the above method embodiments, or to a component (such as a circuit, chip, or chip system) configured in the receiving device. The communication device 1400 may be used to perform the steps or processes performed by the receiving device in any of the above method embodiments.

[0317] For example, the communication module 1420 is used to: receive a first sensing signal, the first sensing signal being a signal obtained after a sensing beam emitted by a transmitting device is reflected by a sensing object.

[0318] The processing module 1410 is used to: measure the first sensing signal to obtain a first measurement result, the first measurement result being used for the selection of the sensing beam, the first measurement result including one or more of the following parameters: target radar cross section (RCS), position accuracy obtained by locating the sensing object, energy jump of the first sensing signal, Doppler frequency shift of the first sensing signal, and spatial correlation between the first sensing signal and the sensing object.

[0319] The above are merely examples; for detailed steps or procedures, please refer to the descriptions in the foregoing embodiments.

[0320] Figure 15This is another schematic block diagram of the communication device 1500 provided in the embodiments of this application. The communication device 1500 may be a transmitting or receiving device, a chip, chip system, or processor, etc., implementing the above-described methods. The communication device 1500 can be used to implement the methods described in the above-described method embodiments; for details, please refer to the descriptions in the above-described method embodiments.

[0321] like Figure 15 As shown, the communication device 1500 may include one or more processors 1510, which may also be referred to as processing units or processing modules, and can implement certain control functions. The processor 1510 may be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, such as a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, while the central processing unit can be used to control the communication device 1500 (e.g., a base station, baseband chip, user, user chip), execute software programs, and process data from the software programs.

[0322] In an alternative design, the processor 1510 may also store instructions and / or data that can be executed by the processor 1510 to cause the communication device 1500 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments.

[0323] In another alternative design, the communication device 1500 may include a communication interface 1520 for implementing receiving and transmitting functions. For example, the communication interface 1520 may be a transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver. The transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver for implementing receiving and transmitting functions may be separate or integrated. The aforementioned transceiver circuit, interface, interface circuit, or transceiver may be used for reading and writing code / data, or it may be used for transmitting or relaying signals.

[0324] Optionally, the communication device 1500 may include one or more memories 1530, which may store instructions that can be executed on the processor 1510, causing the communication device 1500 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments. Optionally, the memories 1530 may also store data. Optionally, the processor 1510 may also store instructions and / or data. The processor 1510 and the memories 1530 may be provided separately or integrated together.

[0325] It should be understood that, in one possible design, the steps in the method embodiments provided in this application can be implemented by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor. The software modules can reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. This storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, detailed descriptions are not provided here.

[0326] In one implementation, the communication device 1500 may correspond to the transmitting device in the above method embodiments, and may be used to execute the various steps and / or processes executed by the transmitting device in the above method embodiments. The processor 1510 may be used to execute instructions stored in the memory 1530, and when the processor 1510 executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor 1510 is used to execute the various steps and / or processes of the above method embodiments corresponding to the transmitting device.

[0327] In another implementation, the communication device 1500 may correspond to the receiving device in the above method embodiments, and may be used to execute the various steps and / or processes executed by the receiving device in the above method embodiments. The processor 1510 may be used to execute instructions stored in the memory 1530, and when the processor 1510 executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor 1510 is used to execute the various steps and / or processes of the above method embodiments corresponding to the receiving device.

[0328] It should be understood that the aforementioned processing device can be one or more chips. For example, the processing device can be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system-on-chip (SoC), a central processor unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a programmable logic device (PLD), or other integrated chips.

[0329] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory used in the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0330] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a chip system, which includes one or more processors for calling and executing instructions stored in memory, thereby causing the method described in the embodiments of this application to be executed. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices.

[0331] The chip system may include input circuits or interfaces for transmitting information or data, and output circuits or interfaces for receiving information or data.

[0332] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a communication system, which includes the aforementioned receiving device and transmitting device.

[0333] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computer program product, which includes: computer program code, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the various steps or processes performed by the receiving device or the transmitting device in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0334] According to the method provided in the embodiments of this application, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing program code, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to execute the various steps or processes performed by the receiving device or transmitting device in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0335] The computer-readable storage medium may be the aforementioned volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or it may include both volatile memory and non-volatile memory.

[0336] In the embodiments of this application, the terms and English abbreviations are exemplary examples given for ease of description and should not be construed as limiting the application in any way. This application does not preclude the possibility of defining other terms that can achieve the same or similar functions in existing or future agreements.

[0337] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When these computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated.

[0338] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0339] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0340] In summary, the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the technical solution of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, The method is applied to a receiving device and includes: Receive a first sensing signal, which is a signal obtained after the sensing beam emitted by the transmitting device is reflected by the sensing object; The first sensing signal is measured to obtain a first measurement result. The first measurement result is used to select the sensing beam. The first measurement result includes one or more of the following parameters: target radar cross section (RCS), position accuracy obtained by locating the sensing object, energy jump of the first sensing signal, Doppler frequency shift of the first sensing signal, and spatial correlation between the first sensing signal and the sensing object.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first measurement result also includes one or more of the following parameters: reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR).

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The parameters in the first measurement result and the first prediction result are weighted and fused using a first weight ratio to obtain a comprehensive score for the sensing beam. The comprehensive score of the sensing beam is used to serve the selection of the sensing beam. The first prediction result includes the performance of the sensing beam in a future time window predicted by an artificial intelligence (AI) model.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on the comprehensive score of multiple sensing beams, candidate sensing beams are determined. The candidate sensing beams include sensing beams with a comprehensive score greater than a first preset threshold, and / or the candidate sensing beams include sensing beams with a comprehensive score that are among the top m, where m is a positive integer. A first beam report is sent to the transmitting device, the first beam report including information about the candidate sensing beam.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive a negotiation request from the transmitting device; In response to the negotiation request message, a negotiation request response is sent to the transmitting device, the negotiation request response including the location information of the receiving device and / or the sensing beam management capability information of the receiving device; The information in the negotiation request response is used by the transmitting device to determine beam scanning parameters, which include one or more of the following parameters: beam scanning width, beam transmission power, scanning angle range, scanning sequence, and scanning period.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The negotiation request includes one or more of the following information: the location information of the transmitting device, the number of sensing beams of the transmitting device, the number of sensing reference signals of the transmitting device, the transmitting power of the sensing beams of the transmitting device, the sensing beam width of the transmitting device, and the beam switching speed of the transmitting device.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method further includes: The transmitting device receives first configuration information, which includes one or more of the following configurations: sensing beam measurement configuration, wireless link monitoring configuration, and beam failure recovery configuration. The sensing beam measurement configuration includes a reference signal type and measurement events. The reference signal type includes a sensing reference signal, and the measurement events include one or more of the following: the measurement result of the serving sensing beam is less than a second preset threshold; the measurement result of the candidate sensing beam is higher than the measurement result of the serving sensing beam, and the difference between the measurement result of the candidate sensing beam and the measurement result of the serving sensing beam is greater than or equal to a third preset threshold; the measurement result of the serving sensing beam is less than or equal to a fourth preset threshold, and the measurement result of the candidate sensing beam is greater than or equal to a fifth preset threshold. The wireless link monitoring configuration includes an index of sensing reference signals, and the candidate beam reference signals in the beam failure recovery configuration include sensing reference signals.

8. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: The second beam report is periodically sent to the transmitting device, or the second beam report is sent to the transmitting device when the first condition is met; The first condition includes one or more of the following: the overall score of the service-aware beam is less than or equal to the sixth preset threshold, the energy jump of the service-aware beam is abnormal, the overall score of the service-aware beam predicted by the AI ​​model in the future time window is less than or equal to the seventh preset threshold, and the overall score of the candidate sensing beam predicted by the AI ​​model in the future time window is less than or equal to the eighth preset threshold. The second beam report includes one or more of the following: a comprehensive score of the service-aware beam, a list of candidate awareness beams predicted by an AI model, a comprehensive score of the service-aware beams predicted by an AI model within a future time window, a comprehensive score of the candidate awareness beams predicted by an AI model within a future time window, handover urgency, and an identifier of the recommended handover beam.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: The first switching command is received from the transmitting device. The first switching command includes one or more of the following information: the identifier of the target sensing beam, the beam parameters of the target sensing beam, and the switching timing. The target sensing beam is used to sense the object.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive second configuration information from the transmitting device, the second configuration information including one or more of the following: second condition, identifier of target sensing beam, beam parameters of target sensing beam; If the second condition is met, switch to the target sensing beam.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, The method further includes: Determine the sensing performance of the target sensing beam; The sensing performance of the sensing beam before switching is compared with the sensing performance of the target sensing beam. If the sensing performance of the target sensing beam is lower than that of the sensing beam before the switch, then switch to another candidate sensing beam.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method further includes: The transmitting device receives a second switching command, which includes the identifier of the target sensing beam and / or the beam parameters of the target sensing beam, which is predicted by the transmitting device based on an AI model. The target sensing beam is used to sense the object.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The sensing performance of the sensing beam before switching is compared with the sensing performance of the target sensing beam. If the sensing performance of the target sensing beam is lower than that of the sensing beam before the switch, a rollback request is sent to the transmitting device. The rollback request is used to request a rollback to the sensing beam before the switch.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method further includes: If the third condition is met, a sensing beam failure report is sent to the transmitting device. The sensing beam failure report includes one or more of the following information: failure time, failure reason, measurement results of candidate recovery beam, and environmental characteristics. The third condition includes one or more of the following: the reflected power of the perceived object is less than or equal to the ninth preset threshold, the measurement result of the service perception beam is less than or equal to the threshold required by the business, and the perception quality of the service perception beam predicted by the AI ​​model in the future time window is less than or equal to the tenth preset threshold.

15. A communication method, characterized in that, The method is applied to a transmitting device, including: A sensing beam is emitted toward a sensing object. The sensing beam is reflected by the sensing object to form a first sensing signal. The first sensing signal is received and measured by a receiving device to obtain a first measurement result. The first measurement result includes one or more of the following parameters: the radar cross section (RCS) of the target, the position accuracy obtained by locating the sensing object, the energy jump of the first sensing signal, the Doppler frequency shift of the first sensing signal, and the spatial correlation between the first sensing signal and the sensing object.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The method further includes: The receiving device receives a first beam report, which includes information on candidate sensing beams. The candidate sensing beams include sensing beams with a comprehensive score greater than a first preset threshold, and / or the candidate sensing beams include sensing beams with a comprehensive score that are among the top m, where m is a positive integer. The comprehensive score is obtained by weighting and fusing the parameters in the first measurement result and the first prediction result using a first weight ratio. The first prediction result includes the performance of the sensing beam in the future time window predicted by an artificial intelligence (AI) model.

17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send a negotiation request to the receiving device; The receiving device receives a negotiation request response, which includes the location information of the receiving device and / or the management capability information of the sensing beam of the receiving device. Based on the negotiation request response, beam scanning parameters are determined, including one or more of the following parameters: beam scanning width, beam transmission power, scanning angle range, scanning sequence, and scanning period.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The negotiation request includes one or more of the following information: the location information of the transmitting device, the number of sensing beams of the transmitting device, the number of sensing reference signals of the transmitting device, the transmitting power of the sensing beams of the transmitting device, the sensing beam width of the transmitting device, and the beam switching speed of the transmitting device.

19. The method according to any one of claims 15-18, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send first configuration information to the receiving device, the first configuration information including one or more of the following configurations: sensing beam measurement configuration, wireless link monitoring configuration, and beam failure recovery configuration; The sensing beam measurement configuration includes a reference signal type and measurement events. The reference signal type includes a sensing reference signal, and the measurement events include one or more of the following: the measurement result of the serving sensing beam is less than a second preset threshold; the measurement result of the candidate sensing beam is higher than the measurement result of the serving sensing beam, and the difference between the measurement result of the candidate sensing beam and the measurement result of the serving sensing beam is greater than or equal to a third preset threshold; the measurement result of the serving sensing beam is less than or equal to a fourth preset threshold, and the measurement result of the candidate sensing beam is greater than or equal to a fifth preset threshold. The wireless link monitoring configuration includes an index of sensing reference signals, and the candidate beam reference signals in the beam failure recovery configuration include sensing reference signals.

20. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The method further includes: The receiving device receives a second beam report, which is periodically sent by the receiving device or sent when a first condition is met. The first condition includes one or more of the following: the overall score of the service-aware beam is less than or equal to a sixth preset threshold; the energy jump of the service-aware beam is abnormal; the overall score of the service-aware beam in a future time window is predicted by an AI model to be less than or equal to a seventh preset threshold; and the overall score of the candidate sensing beam in a future time window is predicted by an AI model to be less than or equal to an eighth preset threshold. The second beam report includes one or more of the following: a comprehensive score of the service-aware beam, a list of candidate awareness beams predicted by an AI model, a comprehensive score of the service-aware beams predicted by an AI model within a future time window, a comprehensive score of the candidate awareness beams predicted by an AI model within a future time window, a switching urgency, and an identifier of the recommended switching beam.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, The method further includes: A first switching command is sent to the receiving device. The first switching command includes one or more of the following information: the identifier of the target sensing beam, the beam parameters of the target sensing beam, and the switching timing.

22. The method according to any one of claims 15-18, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send second configuration information to the receiving device. The second configuration information includes one or more of the following: a second condition, an identifier of the target sensing beam, and beam parameters of the target sensing beam, wherein the second condition is the switching condition for the receiving device to switch to the target sensing beam.

23. The method according to any one of claims 15-18, characterized in that, The method further includes: A second switching command is sent to the receiving device. The second switching command includes the identifier of the target sensing beam and / or the beam parameters of the target sensing beam, which is predicted by the transmitting device based on an AI model.

24. The method according to any one of claims 15-18, characterized in that, The method further includes: The receiving device receives a sensing beam failure report, which includes one or more of the following information: failure time, failure reason, measurement results of candidate recovery beams, and environmental characteristics. The sensing beam failure report is sent by the receiving device under the condition that a third condition is met. The third condition includes one or more of the following: the reflection power of the sensed object is less than or equal to a ninth preset threshold, the measurement result of the service sensing beam is less than or equal to the threshold required by the service, and the sensing quality of the service sensing beam predicted by the AI ​​model in the future time window is less than or equal to a tenth preset threshold.

25. The method according to any one of claims 15-18, characterized in that, The method further includes: Determine the perception mode; If the sensing mode is a cooperative sensing mode, then the receiving device is selected based on the sensing area, the location information of the receiving device, and the location information of the transmitting device.

26. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The transmitting device and the receiving device are the same device, and the method further includes: Receive a first sensing signal, wherein the first sensing signal is the signal obtained after the sensing beam is reflected by the sensing object; The first sensing signal is measured to obtain the first measurement result.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that, The method further includes: If the first condition is met, the switching of the sensing beam is performed. The first condition includes one or more of the following: the overall score of the serving sensing beam is less than or equal to a sixth preset threshold; the energy jump of the serving sensing beam is abnormal; the overall score of the serving sensing beam in the future time window is predicted by the AI ​​model to be less than or equal to a seventh preset threshold; and the overall score of the candidate sensing beam in the future time window is predicted by the AI ​​model to be less than or equal to an eighth preset threshold.

28. The method according to claim 26 or 27, characterized in that, If the third condition is met, the sensing beam failure recovery is performed. The third condition includes one or more of the following: the reflected power of the sensed object is less than or equal to the ninth preset threshold, the measurement result of the service sensing beam is less than or equal to the threshold required by the service, and the sensing quality of the service sensing beam predicted by the AI ​​model in the future time window is less than or equal to the tenth preset threshold.

29. A communication device, characterized in that, include: A processor coupled to a memory for storing a computer program, wherein when the processor invokes the computer program, the communication device performs the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14 or any one of claims 15 to 28.

30. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are executed, they cause the computer to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14, or any one of claims 15 to 28.

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