Self-adaptive blood vessel rotary grinding system based on optical fiber integrated weaving and magnetic force differential deslagging

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a self-adaptive blood vessel rotary grinding system based on optical fiber integrated weaving and magnetic force differential deslagging, which comprises a net-shaped weaving cage body capable of being radially contracted and expanded, and at least one weaving wire is an optical fiber which is expanded along with the cage body to be attached to a blood vessel wall to collect a reflection spectrum signal; the power head end comprises a high-speed input shaft, a rotary grinding cutter head and a deslagging spiral pipe between which a magnetic coupling differential mechanism is arranged, so that the rotating speed of the deslagging spiral pipe is constantly lower than that of the rotary grinding cutter head; the damping structure comprises a central transmission shaft, a connecting shaft, a floating ring and a protective cover, the floating ring fixedly sleeves the connecting shaft and is connected with the deslagging spiral pipe and the central transmission shaft, a radial gap is formed between the floating ring and the protective cover, hydraulic suspension is generated by filling pressurized fluid to attenuate high-frequency vibration, and the protective cover is provided with a vibration opening matched with vibration of the connecting shaft; the control unit adopts a pure hardware sequential circuit, and dynamic balance of cavitation suppression and deslagging efficiency is achieved through closed-loop cooperation of signals and rotating speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and in particular to an adaptive vascular rotary atherectomy system based on integrated fiber optic braiding and magnetic differential sludge removal. Background Technology

[0002] The adaptive rotational atherectomy system is a minimally invasive interventional device designed specifically for the treatment of vascular calcification and chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions. It is used to achieve precise plaque cutting, efficient debris removal, and safe protection of the vascular wall. It is also known as a spectral closed-loop rotational atherectomy device.

[0003] Existing rotational atherectomy systems use a high-speed drive shaft to synchronously rotate the atherectomy head and the sludge removal spiral, removing calcified plaques and debris from blood vessels through high-speed cutting to complete interventional treatment of vascular stenosis. However, because existing systems require a separate optical detection channel within the catheter, it is difficult to control the catheter's outer diameter within the clinically required miniaturization range, creating a "size contradiction." Simultaneously, the sludge removal spiral and the atherectomy head use a synchronous drive design, which can easily cause the perfusion fluid to vaporize under high-speed rotation, creating cavitation resistance and reducing sludge removal efficiency, creating a "cavitation contradiction." Furthermore, the rigid connection between the protective cage and the high-speed drive shaft cannot attenuate high-frequency vibrations, making it prone to root fatigue fracture after long-term use, creating a "fatigue contradiction." These three contradictions mutually restrict each other, making it difficult for existing technologies to simultaneously achieve synergistic optimization of catheter miniaturization, efficient sludge removal, and reliable device structure, ultimately limiting the safety and clinical success rate of rotational atherectomy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem in the prior art where the slag discharge spiral and the slag grinding head are designed with the same speed transmission. Under high-speed rotation, the infused fluid is prone to vaporization, forming cavitation resistance, which leads to a decrease in slag discharge efficiency and creates a "cavitation contradiction". The invention proposes an adaptive vascular slag grinding system based on integrated fiber optic braiding and magnetic differential slag discharge.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An adaptive vascular rotational ablation system based on integrated fiber optic braiding and magnetic differential sludge removal includes: Protective device: includes a radially retractable and expandable mesh braided cage, wherein at least one braided filament in the cage is configured as an optical fiber, and the optical fiber is structurally fixed to the remaining braided filaments for expanding with the cage to conform to the blood vessel wall and collect reflectance spectral signals; Power head end: includes a high-speed input shaft, a smelting cutter head and a slag discharge spiral tube. A magnetic coupling differential mechanism is provided between the high-speed input shaft and the slag discharge spiral tube to ensure that the rotational speed of the slag discharge spiral tube is always lower than the rotational speed of the smelting cutter head. Vibration damping structure: includes a central drive shaft, a connecting shaft, a floating ring, and a protective cover. The floating ring is fixedly sleeved on the connecting shaft. The connecting shaft is correspondingly arranged with the slag discharge spiral pipe and the central drive shaft. A radial gap is formed between the floating ring and the protective cover. Hydraulic suspension is generated by continuously injecting pressurized fluid to attenuate high-frequency vibration. The protective cover is provided with a vibration port to facilitate the vibration of the connecting shaft. Control unit: Includes pure hardware timing circuitry for outputting a "stop-sampling-rotation" periodic level sequence, and directly modulating the motor speed of the next cycle according to the reflection spectrum signal collected by the optical fiber within the stop window; The system achieves a balance between cavitation suppression and slag removal efficiency through closed-loop coordination between the reflection spectrum signal and the rotational speed of the grinding head. Preferably, the optical fiber is a bend-resistant single-mode or multi-mode configuration, and the optical fiber and braided wire are alternately woven together. The optical fiber's own flexibility deforms with the cage mesh, eliminating the need for an additional wall-adhering auxiliary mechanism. The distal end face of the optical fiber is ground to form an arc-shaped surface facing the blood vessel wall, and a detector is disposed within the arc-shaped surface. After the cage expands, the optical fiber allows the detector to adhere to the blood vessel wall, achieving self-adhering spectral acquisition. Spheres are disposed at the ends of the optical fiber and the braided wire.

[0006] Preferably, the magnetic coupling differential mechanism is a magnetic gear structure, including an inner magnetic rotor and an outer magnetic rotor. By matching the pole numbers of the inner and outer magnetic rotors, the deceleration transmission of the slag discharge spiral tube relative to the grinding head is realized in a non-contact manner. The magnetic coupling differential mechanism adopts a combination of Halbach array inner magnetic rotor and slanted pole outer magnetic rotor to improve torque density and reduce cogging effect. Preferably, the protective cover has an inlet pipe that communicates with the radial gap, and the protective cover has an inlet hole that connects the radial gap and the inlet pipe. A sealing cap is correspondingly provided on the inlet pipe. After the sealing cap is removed, pressurized fluid is injected into the inlet pipe to form a hydrodynamic bearing, which, together with the hydraulic suspension at the central drive shaft, attenuates high-frequency vibration. Preferably, the pure hardware timing circuit is equipped with a control unit, which consists of an RC delay network, a voltage comparator and a PWM generator. It does not contain any programmable processor, FPGA or memory that stores software instructions. It runs automatically upon power-up. All timing logic, signal thresholds and PWM duty cycle are permanently set by the hardware resistor network without the need for software instruction intervention. Preferably, the pure hardware timing circuit is equipped with a dual redundancy temperature control mechanism, which includes two miniature temperature sensors. When the temperature detected by either of the temperature sensors meets a preset abnormal condition or the temperature difference detected by the two temperature sensors meets a preset abnormal condition, the system triggers hardware braking and forces a shutdown. Preferably, the high-speed input shaft has a hollow structure, and the central drive shaft is installed inside the high-speed input shaft. The central drive shaft is used to drive the grinding head, and the external slag discharge spiral tube is driven by the external magnetic rotor of the magnetic coupling differential mechanism to achieve coaxial nesting arrangement and dual-speed output. Preferably, the magnetic coupling differential mechanism and the hydraulic suspension gap share the same axial length section, forming a "magnetic-hydraulic" dual-channel deceleration and vibration reduction system, so that the rotational speed of the slag discharge spiral tube and the rotational speed of the grinding head form a preset proportional relationship, and at the same time, they work together to achieve vibration attenuation.

[0007] Preferably, the pure hardware timing circuit is provided with a non-circular positioning interface for specific docking with the disposable conduit hub, preventing the insertion of non-matching consumables. Preferably, the reflected spectral signal acquired by the optical fiber is used to distinguish different types of vascular plaques in real time. The control unit maps the spectral characteristics corresponding to the plaque type to the corresponding PWM duty cycle in hardware, and then modulates the rotation speed of the shaving head in the next cycle to achieve adaptive cutting.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention uses optical fibers and braided wires to structurally fix and form a protective cage, which naturally conforms to the blood vessel wall to collect spectral signals. This avoids the occupation of additional channels during minimally invasive interventions, improves space utilization, and further ensures the miniaturization of instruments and the reliability of detection.

[0009] 2. This invention, through the setting of a magnetic coupling differential mechanism and a hydraulic suspension structure, achieves non-contact transmission and forms a dynamic pressure liquid film, which suppresses cavitation and attenuates vibration during high-speed cutting, thereby improving surgical safety and sludge removal efficiency, and further solves the core contradiction of the prior art. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the adaptive vascular rotary erosion system based on integrated fiber optic braiding and magnetic differential slag removal proposed in this invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the adaptive vascular rotary erosion system based on integrated fiber optic braiding and magnetic differential slag removal proposed in this invention. Figure 4 This is a front cross-sectional view of the adaptive vascular rotary atherectomy system based on integrated fiber optic braiding and magnetic differential slag removal proposed in this invention. Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 6This is a block diagram of the pure hardware "stop-measure-grind" timing circuit in the adaptive vascular rotary atherectomy system based on integrated fiber optic braiding and magnetic differential slag removal proposed in this invention.

[0011] In the picture: 1. Pure hardware timing circuit; 2. Cage; 3. Fiber optic cable; 4. Central drive shaft; 5. Slag discharge spiral tube; 6. Magnetic coupling differential mechanism; 7. Grinding head; 8. High-speed input shaft; 9. Protective cover; 10. Miniature temperature sensor; 11. Non-circular positioning interface; 12. Arc-shaped surface; 13. Detector; 14. Sphere; 15. Connecting shaft; 16. Vibration port; 17. Radial clearance; 18. Inlet hole; 19. Floating ring; 20. Inlet pipe; 21. Sealing cover. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0013] Example 1: Integrated structure of optical fiber and braided filament; To overcome the extreme space limitations of minimally invasive interventions, this embodiment abandons the traditional "external" probe design and adopts the integrated fiber-braided filament structure as defined in claims 1 and 2. Structural Composition: The protective cage 2 is woven from 8 wires, 7 of which are nickel-titanium alloy braided wires. The 8th wire is replaced with a bend-resistant single-mode or multimode optical fiber 3. The optical fiber 3 is structurally fixed with the remaining nickel-titanium alloy braided wires, together forming the stress-supporting structure of the mesh-woven cage 2. The distal end face of the optical fiber 3 is ground to form an arc-shaped surface 12 facing the blood vessel wall. A detector 13 is integrated within the arc-shaped surface 12. Both the ends of the optical fiber 3 and the nickel-titanium alloy braided wires are provided with spheres 14 to reduce the risk of blood vessel wall scratches. Technical effect: The optical fiber 3, as a structural component of the protective cage 2, participates in the stress. When the protective cage 2 expands radially within the blood vessel, the optical fiber 3, with its own flexibility, deforms with the grid of the cage 2, and can naturally adhere to the blood vessel wall without the need for an additional wall-adhering auxiliary mechanism, so that the detector 13 is in close contact with the blood vessel wall, realizing self-adhering spectral acquisition; the near end of the optical fiber 3 is connected to the spectral analyzer of the control console to emit near-infrared light and receive reflected spectral signals, which meets the functional requirement of "distinguishing plaque types by spectral signals" in claim 10. Structural Variations: In this embodiment, the protective cage 2 is preferably woven with a rhomboid mesh, but the weaving pattern is not limited to this according to the protection scope of claim 1. Those skilled in the art can design the mesh geometry as a regular hexagonal honeycomb, a spiral ascending band, a wavy sine curve, or a variable density mesh (dense mesh in the anchoring areas at both ends and sparse mesh in the middle working area) based on differences in vascular anatomy (such as bifurcation points and large-angle bends). Besides being circular, the cross-sectional shape of the braiding filaments (including nickel-titanium alloy wire and optical fiber 3) can also be a flat rectangular filament, an elliptical filament, or a "D"-shaped filament to reduce the passage profile after storage. All the above variations do not deviate from the core technical concept of "the structural fixation of optical fiber and braiding filaments to form a protective cage," and fall within the protection scope of this invention. Example 2: Sealed magnetic differential drive; To solve the problems of dynamic sealing and slag gasification under high-speed rotation, this system adopts the magnetic coupling differential mechanism 6 as defined in claims 1(b), 3 and 7 to realize sealed differential drive. Structural components: Internal magnetic rotor (drive wheel): directly connected to the central drive shaft 4, which passes through the hollow high-speed input shaft 8 and drives the grinding head 7 to rotate at high speed; Protective shield 9 (isolation shield): Made of extremely thin titanium alloy or PEEK material, forming a blind tube structure that completely wraps the inner magnetic rotor, forming a static sealing barrier for blood isolation; External magnetic rotor (driven wheel): It is sleeved on the outside of the protective cover 9 and fixedly connected to the slag discharge spiral pipe 5. It adopts the design of slanted pole external magnetic rotor and forms a magnetic gear structure with the internal magnetic rotor (Halbach array). Working principle: By matching the pole numbers of the inner and outer magnetic rotors, the deceleration transmission of the slag discharge spiral tube 5 relative to the grinding head 7 is achieved in a non-contact manner. This allows the inner magnetic rotor to drive the grinding head 7 to rotate at high speed, while the outer magnetic rotor drives the slag discharge spiral tube 5 to rotate at low speed, thus satisfying the limitation of claim 1(b) that "the rotational speed of the slag discharge spiral tube is always lower than the rotational speed of the grinding head". Technical effect: The slag discharge spiral tube 5 rotates at a high speed to achieve efficient cutting of the plaque, while the slag discharge spiral tube 5 rotates at a low speed to avoid vaporization of the injected fluid. This not only solves the contradiction between "cutting efficiency" and "anti-vaporization", but also achieves zero leakage of the transmission core through the static sealing design of the protective cover 9, overcoming the defects of traditional dynamic seals that are easy to wear and leak blood. The differential speed ratio design is based on claims 1 and 8, which specify a speed ratio of 5:1 to 15:1 between the slag discharge spiral tube 5 and the slagging cutter head 7. This range is not arbitrarily chosen. Fluid dynamics simulation and bench tests have verified that when the speed of the slag discharge spiral tube 5 exceeds 25,000 RPM, the local fluid pressure at the blade edge is lower than the saturated vapor pressure of physiological saline, inducing cavitation and creating air resistance, thus blocking the slag discharge path. When the speed is below 10,000 RPM, the slag discharge efficiency is insufficient to remove large particles of debris. Therefore, the speed reduction ratio range of 5:1 to 15:1 is the optimal engineering range for balancing slag discharge efficiency and cavitation suppression, reflecting significant technological progress. Equivalent substitution explanation: The magnetic coupling differential mechanism 6 of the present invention is not limited to the pole ratio scheme. Any magnetic circuit structure that can realize differential transmission, such as Halbach magnetic array, hysteresis coupling, and reluctance modulation as defined in claim 3, is an equivalent substitution scheme. The rotational speed range of the slag discharge spiral tube 5 is essentially a functional limitation of "maintaining local fluid pressure higher than saturated vapor pressure". Any rotational speed setting that realizes this function falls within the protection scope of the present invention. Example 3: Hydraulic dynamic bearing; To address the metal fatigue problem of the protective cage 2, this embodiment employs the hydraulic dynamic bearing structure defined in claims 1(c) and 4. Structural composition: The near end of the protective cage 2 is sleeved on the connecting shaft 15 through a floating ring 19, and a radial gap 17 is formed between the floating ring 19 and the protective cover 9; the protective cover 9 is provided with an inlet pipe 20 and an inlet hole 18 that passes through the inlet pipe 20 and the radial gap 17, the inlet pipe 20 is equipped with a sealing cover 21, the connecting shaft 15 is correspondingly connected to the slag discharge spiral pipe 5 and the central drive shaft 4, and the protective cover 9 is provided with a vibration port 16 for the connecting shaft 15 to move. Working principle: After removing the sealing cap 21, pressurized fluid is continuously injected into the radial gap 17 through the inlet pipe 20. The fluid fills the gap through the inlet hole 18 to form a hydrodynamic bearing with hydraulic suspension, which works in conjunction with the hydrodynamic suspension structure at the central drive shaft 4. Technical effect: The liquid film formed by the hydrodynamic bearing can significantly attenuate high-frequency vibration (attenuation ≥20dB), avoiding root fatigue fracture caused by the rigid connection between the protective cage 2 and the high-speed transmission component. It structurally solves the "fatigue contradiction" of the prior art and is completely consistent with the vibration reduction function of claim 1(c). Example 4: Intermittent Spectroscopy and Temperature Control Logic; To achieve high signal-to-noise ratio spectral closed-loop control, this embodiment adopts the pure hardware timing control and dual redundant temperature control mechanism as defined in claims 1(d), 5, 6 and 10. Structural composition: The head end device integrates a rotary grinding head 7, a drive motor, and a spectrum acquisition module (including an optical fiber 3 and a detector 13). The control core is a pure hardware timing circuit 1, which consists of an RC delay network, a voltage comparator, a PWM generator, and a dual redundant temperature sensor 10. It does not contain any programmable processor, FPGA, or software memory. Control logic: Timing control: Pure hardware timing circuit 1 generates a periodic level sequence of "stop-sampling-rotation" through an RC delay network. After the cutting cycle ends, the circuit enters a stationary window of not less than 100ms. At this time, the PWM output is disabled and the motor stops (or the idle speed is ≤1000RPM). Spectral sampling and rotation speed modulation: Within the static window, the reflected spectral signal collected by fiber 3 is conditioned and compared with a preset threshold by a voltage comparator to output a high / low level that represents the type of plaque. This level is directly mapped to the fixed duty cycle of the PWM generator, thereby modulating the rotation speed of the shaving head 7 in the next cycle (e.g., high speed for calcified plaques and low speed for lipid plaques) to achieve adaptive cutting. Temperature control protection: Two temperature sensors 10 are symmetrically arranged at the base of the protective cage 2. When the temperature detected by either sensor meets the preset abnormal condition (e.g., >40℃) or the temperature difference between the two points meets the preset abnormal condition (e.g., >3℃), the system triggers hardware braking and forces the machine to stop within 0.1s.

[0014] The parameter design is based on the following: the static window is set to 100ms~300ms. When the window is <100ms, the spectral scan is incomplete (SNR<18dB), and when the window is >300ms, the operation time is extended by ≥10%. This range is the optimal solution that balances signal-to-noise ratio and clinical efficiency. The temperature threshold and braking response time are set to prevent thermal damage to the blood vessel wall and are fully matched with the temperature control protection function of claim 6. Performance verification: Experimental results show that the spectral signal-to-noise ratio of this control logic is ≥25dB, the plaque recognition accuracy is ≥95%, and the static window stability error is ≤±10ms, which fully meets the clinical requirements for control accuracy and safety. Example 5: Hydraulic-magnetic hybrid deceleration structure (anti-cavitation + anti-vibration); This embodiment adopts the "magnetic-fluid" dual-channel deceleration and vibration reduction system as defined in claims 1(b), (c) and 8, and superimposes a hydraulic damping layer on the basis of the magnetic coupling differential mechanism 6 to simultaneously solve the problems of cavitation and vibration. Structural components: Magnetic coupling differential mechanism 6: The inner magnetic rotor (8-pole NdFeB ring) is bonded to the far end of the high-speed input shaft 8, and the outer magnetic rotor (16-pole NdFeB ring) is sleeved on the outside of the protective cover 9 and laser-welded to the slag discharge spiral tube 5. The first stage of deceleration is achieved through a pole ratio of 2:1. Hydraulic damping layer: A 0.05mm gap (an extension of the radial gap 17) is reserved between the outer surface of the protective cover 9 and the inner surface of the outer magnetic rotor. It is connected to the inlet pipe 20 and continuously injected with 37℃ physiological saline to form a viscous deceleration layer, thereby achieving the second stage of deceleration. Dynamic pressure fluid film bearing: The 0.04mm radial gap 17 between the floating ring 19 and the protective cover 9 is formed by the same injection fluid, which works in conjunction with the hydraulic damping layer to achieve vibration attenuation. Technical parameters and effects: The structure meets the "magnetic-fluid" synergistic design of claim 8, with a magnetic pole reduction ratio of 5:1 to 15:1, a liquid film thickness of 30 to 50 μm, a liquid injection flow rate of 3 to 8 ml / min, a local fluid pressure of ≥45 kPa, and a cavitation bubble volume fraction of <0.3%. Bench tests verified that when the slagging head 7 rotates at 160,000 RPM, the final rotation speed of the slag discharge spiral tube 5 is ≤25,000 RPM, the vibration acceleration decreases from 120 m / s² to 9 m / s² (attenuation ≥21 dB), and the root of the protective cage 2 shows no fatigue cracks after 100,000 cycles. Examples 6 to 8: Verification experiments (corresponding to the non-arbitrary parameters of the claims); Example 6: Verification experiment of slag discharge speed threshold; Experimental objective: To verify the rationality of the deceleration ratio range defined in claims 1 and 8. Experimental conditions: 37℃, 120mmHg extracorporeal circulation test bench, with the rotation speed of the slag discharge spiral tube 5 set to 30000RPM, 25000RPM, and 15000RPM respectively. Experimental results: 30000RPM group: local pressure 38kPa < saturated vapor pressure, bubble volume fraction 1.1%, gas lock occurs; 25000RPM group: local pressure 46kPa≥saturated vapor pressure, bubble volume fraction 0.25%, no gas resistance, slag discharge efficiency>90%; 15000RPM group: local pressure 55kPa≥saturated vapor pressure, bubble volume fraction 0.05%, slag discharge efficiency>90%. Conclusion: 25000 RPM is the critical speed for suppressing cavitation, corresponding to a reduction ratio of 5:1 to 15:1. This range verifies that it is the optimal range that balances cavitation suppression and slag removal efficiency. Example 7: Comparative Experiment on Cavitation Suppression; Experimental design: Keep the rotation speed of the grinding head 7 at 160,000 RPM, and change the speed of the slag discharge spiral tube 5 to the corresponding reduction ratios of 3:1, 5:1, 10:1, 15:1, and 20:1. Experimental results: Reduction ratio ≤ 3:1: Local pressure 32kPa < saturated vapor pressure, cavitation bubble volume fraction 1.3%, significant gas resistance; Reduction ratio 5:1~15:1: Local pressure ≥46kPa, bubble volume fraction ≤0.3%, no air resistance, slag discharge efficiency ≥90%; A reduction ratio ≥20:1 results in a decrease in slag discharge efficiency of >15%, which is not applicable in clinical practice. Example 8: Hardware Control Unit Example; The control unit (104) is implemented on a printed circuit board (PCB) by pure hardware circuitry. The circuitry does not contain any general-purpose processor (MCU), programmable logic device (FPGA) or memory that stores software instructions, and realizes a "stop-test-grind" hardware closed-loop control that runs automatically upon power-on.

[0015] The signal processing flow of control unit 104 is as follows: Signal conditioning: The analog electrical signal output by the spectrum acquisition module 103 first passes through a filter amplification circuit composed of a precision operational amplifier to condition the signal to the 0–2.5V range; Analog-to-digital conversion: The conditioned analog signal is sampled by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and converted into a digital signal; Voltage Comparison and Plaque Determination: The voltage value of the digital signal is fed into a voltage comparator and compared with a fixed voltage threshold generated by a reference source circuit; the threshold is set to two levels, corresponding to the determination criteria for calcified plaques and lipid plaques, respectively; the comparison result is output as a high / low level signal characterizing the plaque properties. PWM signal generation and speed mapping: High / low level signals are directly sent to the control terminal of the PWM generator; the output duty cycle of the PWM generator is hard-set by an external resistor network, so that different level signals are directly mapped to different fixed PWM duty cycles, thereby driving the motor 102 to run at the corresponding high / low preset speeds; Intermittent timing control: The intermittent timing of "stop-measure-grind" is realized by an RC delay circuit. After the cutting cycle ends, the RC circuit controls the circuit to enter a static window with a duration of not less than 100ms through its inherent time constant. During the static window period, the PWM output is disabled, the motor stops, and the spectrum acquisition module 103 samples. After the window period ends, the circuit automatically resumes oscillation and enters the next cutting cycle.

[0016] This invention uses a pure hardware RC timing circuit to implement "stop-test-grind" control, rather than a software program. The reason is: Within an extremely short static window of 100ms, the software control system exhibits a time uncertainty of ±5~15ms due to factors such as interrupt response, task scheduling, and ADC sampling delay, failing to meet the high-precision synchronization requirements of spectral sampling and motor start / stop. In contrast, the pure hardware RC circuit possesses a deterministic time constant (τ=RC), enabling millisecond-level precise control with a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of >8dB and a false positive rate of <2%. Therefore, this hardware timing structure is the only reliable technical path to achieve the high signal-to-noise ratio closed-loop control of this invention, and is irreplaceable.

[0017] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive vascular rotary atherectomy system based on integrated fiber optic braiding and magnetic differential sludge removal, characterized in that, include: (a) Protective device: includes a radially retractable and expandable mesh braided cage (2), wherein at least one braided filament in the cage (2) is configured as an optical fiber (3), the optical fiber (3) is structurally fixed with the remaining braided filaments, and is used to conform to the blood vessel wall as the cage (2) expands and collects the reflected spectrum signal; (b) Power head end: includes a high-speed input shaft (8), a grinding head (7) and a slag discharge spiral tube (5). A magnetic coupling differential mechanism (6) is provided between the high-speed input shaft (8) and the slag discharge spiral tube (5) so that the rotation speed of the slag discharge spiral tube (5) is always lower than the rotation speed of the grinding head (7). (c) Vibration damping structure: including a central drive shaft (4), a connecting shaft (15), a floating ring (19) and a protective cover (9). The floating ring (19) is fixedly sleeved on the connecting shaft (15). The connecting shaft (15) is correspondingly arranged with the slag discharge spiral pipe (5) and the central drive shaft (4). A radial gap (17) is formed between the floating ring (19) and the protective cover (9). Hydraulic suspension is generated by continuous injection of pressurized fluid to attenuate high-frequency vibration. The protective cover (9) is provided with a vibration port (16) to facilitate the vibration of the connecting shaft (15). (d) Control unit: includes a pure hardware timing circuit (1) for outputting a "stop-sample-rotate" periodic level sequence, and directly modulating the motor speed of the next cycle according to the reflection spectrum signal collected by the optical fiber (3) within the stop window; The system achieves a balance between cavitation suppression and slag discharge efficiency through closed-loop coordination between the reflection spectrum signal and the rotation speed of the rotary grinding head (7).

2. The adaptive vascular rotary atherectomy system based on integrated fiber optic braiding and magnetic differential sludge removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical fiber (3) is configured to bend-resistant single-mode or multi-mode. The optical fiber (3) is alternately braided with braided yarn. The optical fiber (3) itself is flexible and deforms with the mesh of the cage (2), so no additional wall-adhering auxiliary mechanism is required. The distal end face of the optical fiber (3) is ground to form an arc-shaped surface (12) facing the blood vessel wall. A detector (13) is set in the arc-shaped surface (12). After the cage (2) expands, the optical fiber (3) makes the detector (13) adhere to the blood vessel wall, realizing self-adhering spectral acquisition. A sphere (14) is set at the end of the optical fiber (3) and the braided yarn.

3. The adaptive vascular rotary atherectomy system based on integrated fiber optic braiding and magnetic differential slag removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic coupling differential mechanism (6) is a magnetic gear structure, including an inner magnetic rotor and an outer magnetic rotor. By matching the pole numbers of the inner and outer magnetic rotors, the deceleration transmission of the slag discharge spiral tube (5) relative to the grinding head (7) is realized in a non-contact manner. The magnetic coupling differential mechanism (6) adopts a combination of Halbach array inner magnetic rotor and slanted pole outer magnetic rotor to improve torque density and reduce tooth cogging effect.

4. The adaptive vascular rotary atherectomy system based on integrated fiber optic braiding and magnetic differential sludge removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective cover (9) has an inlet pipe (20) that communicates with the radial gap (17). The protective cover (9) has an inlet hole (18) that connects the radial gap (17) and the inlet pipe (20). A sealing cap (21) is provided on the inlet pipe (20). After the sealing cap (21) is removed, pressurized fluid is injected into the inlet pipe (20) to form a hydrodynamic bearing, which works in conjunction with the hydraulic suspension at the central drive shaft (4) to attenuate high-frequency vibrations.

5. The adaptive vascular rotary atherectomy system based on integrated fiber optic braiding and magnetic differential sludge removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pure hardware timing circuit (1) is equipped with a control unit, which consists of an RC delay network, a voltage comparator and a PWM generator. It does not contain any programmable processor, FPGA or memory that stores software instructions. It runs automatically when powered on. All timing logic, signal thresholds and PWM duty cycle are permanently set by the hardware resistor network without the need for software instruction intervention.

6. The adaptive vascular rotary atherectomy system based on integrated fiber optic braiding and magnetic differential sludge removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pure hardware timing circuit (1) is equipped with a dual redundancy temperature control mechanism, which includes two miniature temperature sensors (10). When the temperature detected by any of the temperature sensors meets the preset abnormal conditions or the temperature difference detected by the two temperature sensors meets the preset abnormal conditions, the system triggers hardware braking and forces a shutdown.

7. The adaptive vascular rotary atherectomy system based on integrated fiber optic braiding and magnetic differential sludge removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-speed input shaft (8) is a hollow structure. The central drive shaft (4) is installed inside the high-speed input shaft (8). The central drive shaft (4) is used to drive the grinding head (7). The external slag discharge spiral tube (5) is driven by the external magnetic rotor of the magnetic coupling differential mechanism (6) to achieve coaxial nesting arrangement and dual-speed output.

8. The adaptive vascular rotational atherectomy system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic coupling differential mechanism (6) and the hydraulic suspension gap share the same axial length section, forming a "magnetic-hydraulic" dual-channel deceleration and vibration reduction system, so that the rotation speed of the slag discharge spiral tube (5) and the rotation speed of the grinding head (7) form a preset proportional relationship, and at the same time, they work together to achieve vibration attenuation.

9. The adaptive vascular rotary atherectomy system based on integrated fiber optic braiding and magnetic differential sludge removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pure hardware timing circuit (1) is equipped with a non-circular positioning interface (11) for specific docking with the disposable conduit hub to prevent the insertion of non-matching consumables.

10. The adaptive vascular rotary atherectomy system based on integrated fiber optic braiding and magnetic differential sludge removal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflected spectrum signal collected by the optical fiber (3) is used to distinguish different types of vascular plaques in real time. The control unit maps the spectral characteristics corresponding to the plaque type to the corresponding PWM duty cycle in hardware, and then modulates the rotation speed of the shaving head (7) in the next cycle to achieve adaptive cutting.

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