Self-adaptive vertical fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle nest

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles, and discloses a self-adaptive vertical fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle nest which is characterized in that a sheet-shaped transverse stacking telescopic hatch cover is mounted on one side of the inner wall of a nest body, a shear fork type lifting structure is mounted at the bottom end of the inner wall of the nest body, and a rotating mechanism is mounted at the top end of the shear fork type lifting structure; the device has the beneficial effects that a'gas waterfall 'barrier surrounding the parking apron can be dynamically generated and adjusted according to the real-time wind condition, the windward side can be intelligently recognized under the strong wind condition, and the parking apron can be arranged on the parking apron. And the barrier strength of the windward side is intensively enhanced through an airflow redistribution mechanism, crosswind and turbulent flow are effectively resisted and eliminated, the attitude stability and safety of the unmanned aerial vehicle in key stages of take-off and landing and mode conversion are greatly improved, and the operation window of the nest in a high-wind-speed environment is expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, and particularly relates to an adaptive vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV nest. Background Technology

[0002] Vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) drones are widely used in long-distance inspection, logistics transportation, and emergency mapping due to their combination of the convenience of VTOL and the efficiency of fixed-wing cruise. To achieve truly unmanned and routine operations, the supporting fully automated ground support system—the drone nest—is crucial. An ideal nest needs to automatically receive, accurately park, protect, replenish energy, and maintain the status of drones, and it also needs to adapt to complex outdoor environments. Currently, the main technical solutions used in drone nests on the market are as follows, but these solutions have significant shortcomings in terms of structural adaptability, intelligent environmental interaction, and assistance during takeoff and landing: Fixed flip-up canopy drone nest: This solution uses a fixed-position landing pad and a canopy structure that can be flipped open to one or both sides. Its main drawbacks are: First, when the canopy is unfolded, it forms a long cantilever structure with poor mechanical performance and weak wind resistance, making it difficult to support large-sized and heavy drones. It is usually limited to small drones with a wingspan of less than 2.5 meters. Second, its landing pad cannot rotate. When the drone takes off and lands, the headwind attitude can greatly improve flight stability and energy efficiency. A fixed-oriented landing pad cannot achieve this optimal fit. Finally, its centering mechanism for correcting the aircraft is usually a simple opposing mechanical linkage rod. All rods move synchronously and cannot be adaptively and with high precision offset adjustment according to the specific position of the drone's charging interface, affecting the charging docking success rate and versatility. The sliding canopy-type avionics nest: This design divides the canopy into two parts, which slide out to the sides via linear slide rails. Its main problems are: in order to accommodate large wingspan UAVs, the canopy has a large sliding stroke, which causes the overall width of the avionics nest to increase sharply when it is deployed, posing a significant safety hazard. It also has stringent requirements for deployment site space. At the same time, the telescopic slide rails supporting the large sliding canopy are prone to stress concentration, resulting in low reliability and high maintenance costs in the long term. Functionally, it shares the same problems as the first type of solution, such as the non-rotatable landing pad and the lack of intelligence in the centering mechanism. More fundamentally, all existing drone nesting solutions are essentially "passive" storage and protection containers. They only provide a physical space and basic centering function, but lack the ability to provide active aerodynamic assistance for drones during the most dangerous and complex phases of takeoff and landing. During takeoff and landing, drones are completely exposed to external wind fields and are greatly affected by crosswinds and turbulence, which poses a serious threat to the stability of drones, especially during mode transitions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention addresses the lack of active aerodynamic assistance capabilities in existing technologies for drones during the most dangerous and complex phases of takeoff and landing. During takeoff and landing, drones are completely exposed to external wind fields and are greatly affected by crosswinds and turbulence, which pose a serious threat to the stability of drones, particularly during mode transitions. The invention proposes the following technical solution: An adaptive vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV nest includes: a sheet-like horizontally stacked telescopic hatch installed on one side of the inner wall of the nest body; a scissor-fork type lifting structure installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the nest body; a rotating mechanism installed at the top of the scissor-fork type lifting structure; a landing pad installed at the top of the rotating mechanism; and a centering mechanism installed at the top of the landing pad. The adaptive drone nest also includes a charging mechanism and side windproof components; The charging mechanism is installed above the centering mechanism and is used to connect to the charging interface of the drone. The side windproof component is installed on the outside of the landing pad and is used to change the direction of airflow.

[0004] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the charging mechanism includes a bracket fixedly installed at the top of the centering mechanism, a horizontal plate fixedly installed inside the bracket, a base fixedly installed at the top of the horizontal plate, a connecting seat slidably connected above the base, and a connector fixedly installed at one end of the connecting seat.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the charging mechanism further includes a driving component installed on the top of the horizontal plate. An aluminum alloy sleeve is fixedly installed on one end of the driving component near the base. The output shaft of the driving component is connected to a movable component, and a connecting ear is connected between the movable component and the connecting seat.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the movable component is composed of a lead screw and a nut slider. The lead screw and the output shaft of the drive component are connected by a key, and the nut slider and the lead screw are connected by a thread. The outer side of the nut slider and the inner side of the aluminum alloy sleeve are in contact with each other.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the side windproof component includes a telescopic component fixedly installed at the bottom of the helipad. A rectangular frame is connected to the bottom of the telescopic component. A gas generating component is installed inside the rectangular frame. A flow guide is installed at the outlet end of the gas generating component. An electric three-way valve is installed at the outlet end of the flow guide. One outlet end of the electric three-way valve is connected to an outlet pipe. The outlet end of the outlet pipe is connected to a flow guide. A rotating tube is sleeved on the outside of the flow guide.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the number of electric three-way valves is set to four, with two corresponding electric three-way valves forming a group. The other air outlet of each of the four electric three-way valves is connected to a connecting pipe. The air outlets of the two electric three-way valves in one group are connected to the corresponding air outlet pipes through independent connecting pipes, and the air outlets of the two electric three-way valves in the other group are connected to the corresponding flow guides through independent connecting pipes.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, gears are fixedly connected to both sides of the outer surface of the rotating tube, and racks are connected to the outside of the gears, with the same moving bar connecting the two racks.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, a right-angled bar connects two adjacent moving bars, and a column is connected through the interior of three of the moving bars, while a lifting drive unit is fixedly installed at the bottom of another moving bar.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the two ends of the rotating tube are rotatably connected to the same fixed cover, the bottom end of the lifting drive unit is fixedly connected to the inside of the fixed cover, and the air outlet pipe passes through the fixed cover and is fixedly connected to it.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: (1) It can dynamically generate and adjust the "gas waterfall" barrier surrounding the helipad according to real-time wind conditions: Under strong wind conditions, it can intelligently identify the upwind side and concentrate on enhancing the barrier strength on the upwind side through an airflow redistribution mechanism, effectively resisting and dissipating crosswinds and turbulence, greatly improving the attitude stability and safety of the UAV during the critical stages of take-off, landing and mode switching, and expanding the operating window of the UAV nest in high wind speed environments. In calm / stable conditions, it can switch to a centripetal convergence airflow mode to provide aerodynamic buffer for the landing drone, achieving a gentler and more precise soft landing and reducing the impact on the drone and its nest. (2) This invention upgrades the traditional “passive storage container” to an “active support workstation”. It not only solves the basic needs of drone storage and charging, but also fundamentally improves the safety, accuracy and efficiency of drone take-off and landing, as well as the adaptability of the entire system to different task scenarios and natural environments through active airflow field intervention, adaptive environmental docking and fully automatic process control. It provides key infrastructure support for realizing unmanned and normalized remote deployment and operation of drones. (3) The canopy adopts a sheet-like horizontal stacking and unfolding form, and its extension length to compression length ratio (i.e., extension ratio) reaches more than 6 times, so as to maximize the space for aircraft take-off and landing, and also to minimize the size of the nest while keeping the wingspan of the aircraft unchanged. Moreover, the nest with this canopy design does not change its external size when unfolded and retracted, thus minimizing the safety risks to the surrounding area. (4) The lifting mechanism of the hoisting pad adopts a scissor fork structure. The ratio of the maximum lifting height to the minimum self height of the mechanism during lifting is more than 4 times. While reducing the hoisting height, it can also effectively lift the pad out of the maximum height of the hoisting frame, ensuring that the pad does not interfere with other structures of the hoisting when rotating. (5) The landing pad of the drone nest can adaptively rotate ±180° according to the aircraft's heading. When the UAV takes off, the nest automatically rotates the landing pad and the aircraft to the opposite wind direction based on the currently detected wind direction, improving the stability and energy economy during takeoff. When the UAV lands, regardless of the aircraft's heading, the landing pad can automatically rotate to match the aircraft's heading, improving the stability, energy economy, and flexibility during landing. (6) All four centering rods on the tarmac can move independently, and the centering position of the aircraft on the tarmac can be automatically adjusted in four directions, which greatly improves the adaptability of the tarmac. (7) It adopts a fully automatic temperature control system. When the temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius or above 30 degrees Celsius, the air conditioner will automatically turn on the heating and cooling functions respectively to ensure that the cabin temperature is suitable for the charging and power-on of the UAV in the cabin, as well as to meet the maximum and minimum temperature requirements for the aircraft take-off, thereby improving the adaptability of the nest to the environment. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of an adaptive vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV nest in Embodiment 1; Figure 2 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the charging mechanism in Embodiment 1; Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the rotating mechanism in Embodiment 1; Figure 4 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the side windproof assembly in Embodiment 1; Figure 5 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view of the side windproof assembly in Embodiment 1; Figure 6 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the connecting pipe in Embodiment 1; Figure 7 The diagram shown is a schematic of the rack installation structure in Embodiment 1.

[0014] In the diagram: 1. Main body of the aircraft housing; 2. Sheet-shaped horizontally stacked telescopic hatch; 3. Scissor-type lifting structure; 4. Rotating mechanism; 5. Helipad; 6. Centering mechanism; 7. Charging mechanism; 71. Bracket; 72. Horizontal plate; 73. Base; 74. Connecting seat; 75. Connector; 76. Connecting ear; 77. Moving part; 78. Drive component; 79. Aluminum alloy sleeve; 8. Side windproof assembly; 81. Telescopic component; 82. Rectangular frame; 83. Gas generating component; 84. Flow deflector; 85. Electric three-way valve; 86. Air outlet pipe; 87. Connecting pipe; 88. Fixed cover; 89. Flow deflector; 810. Rotating pipe; 811. Gear; 812. Moving bar; 813. Right angle bar; 814. Rack; 815. Lifting drive unit; 9. Temperature sensor; 10. Air conditioner. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0016] Example 1 This invention provides an adaptive vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV nest, such as Figures 1 to 7 As shown, it includes: a sheet-like horizontally stacked telescopic hatch 2 installed on one side of the inner wall of the main body 1; a scissor-fork type lifting structure 3 installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the main body 1; a rotating mechanism 4 installed at the top of the scissor-fork type lifting structure 3; a landing pad 5 installed at the top of the rotating mechanism 4; and a centering mechanism 6 installed at the top of the landing pad 5. The adaptive drone nest also includes a charging mechanism 7 and a side windproof component 8; The charging mechanism 7 is installed above the centering mechanism 6 and is used to connect to the charging interface of the drone. The side windproof component 8 is installed on the outside of the landing pad 5 and is used to change the direction of airflow.

[0017] All existing drone nesting solutions are essentially "passive" storage and protection containers. They only provide a physical space and basic centering function, but lack the ability to provide active aerodynamic assistance to drones during the most dangerous and complex phases of takeoff and landing. During takeoff and landing, drones are completely exposed to the external wind field and are greatly affected by crosswinds and turbulence, which poses a serious threat to the stability of drones, especially during mode transitions. In this application, the side windproof component 8 can actively generate a controllable airflow barrier or directional air curtain, and adjust the local flow field in real time during the take-off, landing and mode switching of the UAV, effectively suppressing the influence of crosswinds and turbulence, improving the attitude stability and operational safety of the UAV during take-off and landing, thereby enhancing the environmental adaptability and overall operational reliability of the UAV nest. Furthermore, the charging mechanism 7 can replenish the drone's power, thus ensuring the drone's battery life and usage time.

[0018] In use, the sheet-like horizontally stacked telescopic canopy 2 retracts to open the top of the nest, then the scissor-fork lifting structure 3 is activated, driving the rotating mechanism 4 and the landing pad 5 to be raised to the working height. Then the side windproof component 8 is activated, which forms a concentrated airflow barrier vertically upward or tilted outward around the outside of the landing pad 5. The airflow barrier can effectively resist and guide lateral wind disturbance, thereby significantly improving the wind resistance and positioning accuracy of the UAV during the landing phase. After the drone lands, the centering mechanism 6 is activated to adaptively adjust the drone's position so that it is precisely docked in the center area of ​​the landing pad 5. Then, the charging mechanism 7 connects to the drone's charging interface and performs the charging operation. In addition, under windless or weak wind conditions, the airflow output mode of the side windproof component 8 can be adjusted to converge towards the center area of ​​the landing pad 5, forming an upward converging airflow field. This converging airflow field can provide aerodynamic buffer before the UAV touches the ground, reduce its vertical descent speed, achieve a smoother and gentler landing, and further ensure the safety of the UAV and its nest.

[0019] Specifically, a sheet-like, laterally stacked, telescopic hatch 2 is installed on one side of the inner wall of the main body 1. The sheet-like, laterally stacked, telescopic hatch 2 includes a first mounting plate, a mounting bracket, a second mounting plate, a transmission component, a drive motor, connecting rods, a covering system, lugs, and connecting pieces. The two mounting brackets are fixedly connected to the first mounting plate. The first mounting plate is connected to the covering system, and the covering system is connected to the second mounting plate. The first mounting plate is fixedly connected to the drive motor and has two front-to-back distributed mounting brackets. The two mounting brackets are rotatably connected to two left-to-right connecting rods via lugs, with the left connecting rod... It is connected to a drive motor; two connecting rods rotate together to connect two front-to-back transmission components; each transmission component is fixedly connected to a connecting piece, and both connecting pieces are fixedly connected to a second mounting plate; it also includes slide rails and sliders; each of the two mounting brackets is fixedly connected to a slide rail; each of the two slide rails is slidably connected to a slider, and both sliders are fixedly connected to the second mounting plate; the covering system includes support plates, elastic fixing pieces, and elastic cover pieces; several support plates are distributed in a left-right direction in an equidistant linear array; two adjacent support plates are fixedly connected by elastic fixing pieces; the leftmost support plate is fixedly connected to the first mounting plate; The rightmost support plate is fixedly connected to the second mounting plate. Each support plate has a deformable elastic cover plate fixedly connected to its upper part, and each elastic cover plate overlaps the elastic cover plate to its right. The upper surface of the elastic cover plate is provided with a reflective layer to reflect sunlight and reduce heat inside the example chassis. The support plate also includes fixing clips and a shielding cloth. Each support plate has two front-to-back fixing clips, and each clip contacts the corresponding mounting bracket. All support plates are connected to a shielding cloth via the fixing clips, and the shielding cloth is located below the elastic cover plate. The fixing clips are equipped with pulleys. The wheels contact the mounting bracket, and the fixed clamp pulleys make the canopy system unfold more smoothly. It also includes support plates; each support plate is fixedly connected to a support plate at the bottom, and the support plates are stacked sequentially from right to left. It also includes telescopic frames; the first mounting plate is fixedly connected to two telescopic frames, and each telescopic frame is fixedly connected to the second mounting plate. The canopy adopts a sheet-like horizontal stacking and unfolding form, and its extension length to compression length ratio (i.e., telescopic ratio) reaches more than 6 times, maximizing the space for aircraft take-off and landing, and minimizing the size of the fuselage while keeping the aircraft wingspan unchanged.Moreover, the dimensions of the nacelle remain unchanged when it is deployed or retracted, minimizing safety risks to the surrounding area. A scissor-type lifting structure 3 is screwed to the bottom of the inner wall of the nacelle body 1. During lifting, the ratio of the maximum lifting height to the minimum height of the structure is more than four times. This effectively raises the helipad 5 above the maximum height of the nacelle body 1 frame while reducing the nacelle's retracted height, ensuring that the helipad 5 does not interfere with other structures of the nacelle body 1 when rotating. The scissor-type lifting structure 3 is specifically a scissor-type lift. A rotating mechanism 4 is installed at the top of the scissor-type lifting structure 3, and the helipad 5 is installed at the top of the rotating mechanism 4. The system includes a drive motor and a rotating disk. The drive motor is connected to the rotating disk. The landing pad 5 of the drone nest can adaptively rotate ±180° according to the drone's heading. When the drone takes off, the nest automatically rotates the landing pad 5 and the drone to the opposite wind direction based on the detected wind direction, improving takeoff stability and energy efficiency. When the drone lands, regardless of the drone's heading, the landing pad 5 can automatically rotate to match the drone's heading, improving landing stability, energy efficiency, and flexibility. The top of the rotating disk is fixedly connected to the bottom of the landing pad 5. A centering mechanism 6 is installed at the top of the landing pad 5. The centering mechanism 6 includes a horizontal centering component and a vertical centering component. The centering assembly includes a lateral push rod and a lateral drive structure that drives the lateral push rod to move. The vertical centering assembly includes a vertical push rod and a vertical drive structure that drives the vertical push rod to move. The lateral and vertical push rods are arranged perpendicularly to each other and staggered vertically. The lateral drive structure drives the lateral push rod to move, and similarly, the vertical drive structure drives the vertical push rod to move. Both the lateral and vertical drive structures are linear drive structures. The four centering rods on the apron 5 can move independently, and the centering position of the aircraft on the apron can be automatically adjusted in four directions, greatly improving the adaptability of the aircraft's nest. A charging mechanism 7 is installed above the lateral push rod of the centering mechanism 6 by screws. The charging mechanism 7 is fixedly installed on the outside of the apron 5. Equipped with side windproof components 8, the main body 1 of the nest is equipped with a weather sensor (wind direction and speed meter) on the outside to sense the outside wind direction. An air conditioner 10 is fixedly installed on the outside of the main body 1 of the nest. A temperature sensor 9 is embedded in the inner wall of the main body 1 of the nest. The temperature sensor 9 detects the internal temperature of the main body 1 of the nest. When the temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius or above 30 degrees Celsius, the air conditioner 10 automatically turns on the heating and cooling functions respectively to ensure that the internal temperature of the main body 1 of the nest is suitable for the charging and power-on of the drone inside, as well as to meet the maximum and minimum temperature requirements for takeoff, thereby improving the adaptability of the nest to the environment. A weather sensor (a type of wind direction and speed meter) is installed inside the main body 1 of the nest to detect wind direction and wind speed.

[0020] To achieve the charging of the drone in the above embodiments, the following solution is provided, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown: The charging mechanism 7 includes a bracket 71 fixedly installed at the top of the centering mechanism 6. A horizontal plate 72 is fixedly installed inside the bracket 71. A base 73 is fixedly installed at the top of the horizontal plate 72. A connecting seat 74 is slidably connected above the base 73. A connector 75 is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting seat 74. A driving component 78 is installed at the top of the horizontal plate 72. An aluminum alloy sleeve 79 is fixedly installed at the end of the driving component 78 near the base 73. The output shaft of the driving component 78 is connected to a movable component 77. A connecting lug 76 is connected between the movable component 77 and the connecting seat 74. The movable component 77 is composed of a lead screw and a nut slider. The lead screw and the output shaft of the driving component 78 are connected by a key. The nut slider and the lead screw are connected by a thread. The outer side of the nut slider and the inner side of the aluminum alloy sleeve 79 are in contact with each other.

[0021] In use, the drive unit 78 is connected to the power supply and starts running. When the drive unit 78 runs, it drives the lead screw of the movable part 77 to rotate. When the lead screw of the movable part 77 rotates, it drives the nut slider of the movable part 77 to move along the inside of the aluminum alloy sleeve 79. When the nut slider moves, it drives the connecting seat 74 to slide along the base 73 through the connecting ear 76. The sliding connecting seat 74 drives the connector 75 to be inserted into the charging interface of the drone, forming an electrical connection, so that the drone can be charged.

[0022] Specifically, the top of the transverse push rod in the centering mechanism 6 is fixedly mounted with a bracket 71. There are four brackets 71 in total, with two opposite brackets 71 forming a group. A horizontal plate 72 is bolted between two opposite brackets 71. A base 73 is fixedly mounted on the top of the horizontal plate 72 with screws. A connecting seat 74 is horizontally slidably connected to the top of the base 73. A connector 75 is embedded at one end of the connecting seat 74. A drive component 78 (specifically a drive motor) is screwed onto the top of the horizontal plate 72 near the base 73. An aluminum alloy sleeve 79 is fixedly mounted on the end of the drive component 78 near the base 73. A movable component 77 is connected to the output shaft of the drive component 78. A connecting lug 76 connects the movable component 77 and the connecting seat 74. The movable component 77 is composed of a lead screw and a nut slider. The lead screw and the output shaft of the drive component 78 are connected by a key. The nut slider and the lead screw are connected by a thread. The outer side of the nut slider and the inner side of the aluminum alloy sleeve 79 fit together.

[0023] To achieve the goal of isolating the surrounding gas during drone takeoff and landing as described in the above embodiments, the following solution is provided: Figures 3 to 7As shown, the side windproof component 8 includes a telescopic component 81 fixedly installed at the bottom of the helipad 5. A rectangular frame 82 is connected to the bottom of the telescopic component 81. A gas generator 83 is installed inside the rectangular frame 82. A deflector 84 is installed at the outlet of the gas generator 83. An electric three-way valve 85 is installed at the outlet of the deflector 84. One outlet of the electric three-way valve 85 is connected to an outlet pipe 86. The outlet of the outlet pipe 86 is connected to a guide component 89. A rotating pipe 810 is sleeved on the outside of the guide component 89. There are a total of four electric three-way valves 85. Two corresponding electric three-way valves 85 form a group. The other outlet of each of the four electric three-way valves 85 is connected to a connecting pipe 87. The outlets of the two electric three-way valves 85 in one group are connected to independent connecting pipes 87. Connected to the corresponding air outlet pipe 86, the two electric three-way valves 85 in another group have their air outlets connected to the corresponding guide shrouds 84 through independent connecting pipes 87. Gears 811 are fixedly connected to both sides of the outer surface of the rotating pipe 810. A rack 814 is connected to the outside of the gear 811. The same moving bar 812 is connected between the two racks 814. The same right-angle bar 813 is connected between two adjacent moving bars 812. A column is connected through the interior of the three moving bars 812. A lifting drive unit 815 is fixedly installed at the bottom of another moving bar 812. The same fixed cover 88 is rotatably connected to both ends of the rotating pipe 810. The bottom of the lifting drive unit 815 is fixedly connected to the interior of the fixed cover 88. The air outlet pipe 86 passes through the fixed cover 88 and is fixedly connected to it.

[0024] When in use, the telescopic component 81 operates first, which drives the gas generating component 83 and the connected guide shroud 84, electric three-way valve 85, air outlet pipe 86, fixed cover 88 and rotating pipe 810 to rise as a whole until the nozzle of the rotating pipe 810 is level with the top of the landing pad 5. Then the gas generator 83 is activated, and the generated airflow passes through the guide shroud 84, the electric three-way valve 85 and the exhaust pipe 86 in sequence into the rotating pipe 810, and finally sprays vertically upward from the rotating pipe 810, thus forming a four-sided vertical "gas waterfall" barrier around the apron 5. When a crosswind is detected, the system determines the wind direction (e.g., easterly, southerly, etc.). At this time, the gas waterfall on the upwind side is the main barrier against the incoming wind and has the greatest demand. The barrier on the leeward side is mainly used for flow field closure. The gas waterfalls on both sides (parallel to the wind direction) contribute less directly to the frontal wind resistance. In order to optimize energy distribution, the electric three-way valve 85 located on the crosswind direction and the leeward airflow channel is activated to switch its flow path and guide the airflow through the connecting pipe 87 to the corresponding airflow channel on the upwind side. This can concentrate on enhancing the strength and wind resistance of the gas waterfall on the upwind side without increasing the total power consumption. Furthermore, when the drone lands and the external wind conditions are calm, the system can switch all electric three-way valves 85 to a state of uniform outflow from all four sides, so that the gas waterfalls on all four sides operate synchronously. At this time, the lifting drive unit 815 drives the moving bar 812 connected to it to move in a straight line in the vertical direction. The moving bar 812 drives all moving bars 812 to move synchronously through the right-angle bar 813. At this time, the rack 814 on the moving bar 812 moves. When the rack 814 moves, it drives the rotating tube 810 to rotate around its horizontal axis through meshing with the gear 811. This causes the nozzle of the rotating tube 810 to tilt and converge towards the center of the landing pad 5 (i.e., the bottom of the drone), forming a centripetal or vertically upward buffer airflow field, providing aerodynamic buffer for the drone and achieving a soft landing.

[0025] Specifically, each of the four corners of the bottom of the helipad 5 is fitted with a telescopic component 81 (specifically, an electric telescopic mast) by screws. The output end of the telescopic component 81 is connected to a rectangular frame 82 by screws. A gas generating component 83 (specifically, a fan) is installed inside the rectangular frame 82. A flow guide shroud 84 is fitted to the outlet end of the gas generating component 83 by screws. An electric three-way valve 85 is threaded onto the outlet end of the flow guide shroud 84. One outlet end of the electric three-way valve 85 is threaded onto an outlet pipe 86. The outlet end of the outlet pipe 86 is threaded onto a flow guide 89. A rotating pipe 810 is sleeved on the outside of the flow guide 89. The bottom end of the rotating pipe 810 has an opening... A rectangular groove, with a flow guide 89 located inside the rectangular groove and the shaded side of the cross-sectional view of the flow guide 89 being I-shaped. A nozzle is opened at the top of the rotating pipe 810, and the nozzle is rectangular strip-shaped. A total of four electric three-way valves 85 are set, with two corresponding electric three-way valves 85 forming a group. The other air outlet of each of the four electric three-way valves 85 is connected to a connecting pipe 87. The air outlets of the two electric three-way valves 85 in one group are connected to the corresponding air outlet pipes 86 through independent connecting pipes 87. The air outlets of the two electric three-way valves 85 in the other group are connected to the corresponding flow guide shrouds 84 through independent connecting pipes 87, forming mutual flow of gas. Four air outlet pipes 86 are fitted with the same fixed cover 88, and the fixed cover 88 is fixedly connected to the air outlet pipes 86. The rotating pipe 810 is rotatably connected to the fixed cover 88. Gears 811 are connected to both sides of the outer surface of the rotating pipe 810 by interference fit. The outer surfaces of the two gears 811 are meshed with racks 814. The top ends of the two racks 814 are welded together with the same moving strip 812. The two moving strips 812 are welded together with the same right-angle strip 813. The number of moving strips 812 and right-angle strips 813 is set to four. The four right-angle strips 813 and moving strips 812 are combined to form a rectangle. The bottom end of one moving strip 812 is fitted with a lifting drive unit 815 (the lifting drive unit 815 is specifically an electric telescopic rod) by screws. The bottom end of the lifting drive unit 815 is connected to the inside of the fixed cover 88 by screws. The middle of the other three moving strips 812 is connected with a column, and the bottom end of the column is snapped to the inside of the fixed cover 88.

[0026] Working principle: When the device is in use, the UAV returns and approaches the nest. The control system of the nest body 1 first obtains real-time environmental wind field data based on the built-in meteorological sensors (wind direction and speed meter), and receives the landing request and real-time location information sent by the UAV (the above are existing technologies and will not be elaborated on here). The control system commands the sheet-like horizontally stacked telescopic canopy 2 to retract, fully opening the airspace above the aircraft nest. Then, the scissor-type lifting structure 3 is activated to smoothly lift the parking apron 5, which is equipped with the rotating mechanism 4, to the preset working height. The rotating mechanism 4 drives the landing pad 5 to rotate according to wind direction data, adjusting the preset take-off and landing axis of the landing pad 5 to the opposite direction of the wind, creating optimal aerodynamic conditions for the UAV. At the same time, the side windproof components 8 are activated. The telescopic component 81 pushes the rectangular frame 82 and its gas generating component 83, rotating pipe 810 and other components to rise as a whole, so that the nozzle at the top of the rotating pipe 810 is flush with the surface of the landing pad 5. When the gas generating component 83 starts working, the airflow passes through the guide shroud 84, the electric three-way valve 85, and the exhaust pipe 86 and is ejected vertically upward from the rotating pipe 810, forming a preliminary "gas waterfall" barrier around the apron 5. As the drone enters its final approach path, the side wind deflector 8 enters a high-response operating mode. Strong wind / crosswind conditions: The wind direction sensor continuously monitors and the system identifies the upwind side and controls the electric three-way valve 85 on the corresponding side. Through the connecting pipe 87, the airflow from the downwind side and the crosswind direction is guided to the upwind channel, which concentrates and enhances the intensity and density of the gas waterfall on the upwind side, forming an asymmetric strong airflow barrier, effectively counteracting the influence of crosswind and turbulence on the UAV, and stabilizing its landing attitude and trajectory. No wind / weak wind conditions: All electric three-way valves 85 maintain uniform outflow from all four sides. At the same time, the lifting drive unit 815 is activated. Through the linkage of the moving bar 812, right-angle bar 813, rack 814 and gear 811, all rotating tubes 810 are driven to rotate inward synchronously, so that their nozzles are tilted towards the center of the landing pad 5. This forms a centripetal converging upward buffer airflow field, which provides aerodynamic buffer before the UAV touches the ground and achieves a gentle landing. When the drone lands on the helipad 5, the centering mechanism 6 is immediately activated. Its multi-directional push rods adaptively extend and retract according to the drone's current position, gently pushing and correcting the drone to the preset center position of the helipad 5. After the drone returns to its center position, temperature sensor 9 detects the internal temperature of the drone's main body 1. When the temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius or above 30 degrees Celsius, air conditioner 10 automatically activates its heating and cooling functions to ensure the internal temperature of the main body 1 is suitable for the drone's charging and power-on / off operation. Next, charging mechanism 7 begins operation. At this time, drive component 78 activates, rotating the lead screw of movable component 77. This drives the nut slider and its connected connector 74 to slide horizontally along base 73. The connector 75, fixed to connector 74, then precisely inserts into the charging port on the bottom of the drone, establishing an electrical connection and initiating automatic charging. During charging, the scissor-type lifting structure 3 descends to retract the landing pad 5 and the drone into the main body of the drone nest 1. Subsequently, the sheet-like horizontally stacked telescopic hatch 2 unfolds and closes to provide a safe and temperature-controlled storage environment for the drone.

[0027] Once charging is complete, the drone is ready to perform its next mission. The main body of the drone nest reverses the above process. The drone takes off with the assistance of the windproof components according to the instructions. After the drone flies away, all components of the drone nest return to the standby storage state. The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it.

Claims

1. An adaptive vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV nest, characterized in that, include: A sheet-like horizontally stacked telescopic hatch (2) is installed on one side of the inner wall of the main body of the nest (1). A scissor-fork lifting structure (3) is installed at the bottom of the inner wall of the main body of the nest (1). A rotating mechanism (4) is installed at the top of the scissor-fork lifting structure (3). A landing pad (5) is installed at the top of the rotating mechanism (4). A centering mechanism (6) is installed at the top of the landing pad (5). The adaptive drone nest also includes a charging mechanism (7) and a side windproof component (8). The charging mechanism (7) is installed above the centering mechanism (6) and is used to connect with the charging interface of the UAV. The side windproof component (8) is installed on the outside of the landing pad (5) and is used to change the airflow direction.

2. The adaptive vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV nest according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging mechanism (7) includes a bracket (71) fixedly installed at the top of the centering mechanism (6). A horizontal plate (72) is fixedly installed inside the bracket (71). A base (73) is fixedly installed at the top of the horizontal plate (72). A connecting seat (74) is slidably connected above the base (73). A connector (75) is fixedly installed at one end of the connecting seat (74).

3. The adaptive vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV nest according to claim 2, characterized in that, The charging mechanism (7) also includes a drive member (78) installed on the top of the horizontal plate (72). An aluminum alloy sleeve (79) is fixedly installed on one end of the drive member (78) near the base (73). The output shaft of the drive member (78) is connected to a movable member (77). A connecting ear (76) is connected between the movable member (77) and the connecting seat (74).

4. The adaptive vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV nest according to claim 3, characterized in that, The movable part (77) is composed of a lead screw and a nut slider. The lead screw and the output shaft of the drive part (78) are connected by a key. The nut slider and the lead screw are connected by a thread. The outer side of the nut slider and the inner side of the aluminum alloy sleeve (79) are in contact with each other.

5. The adaptive vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV nest according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side windproof component (8) includes a telescopic component (81) fixedly installed at the bottom of the helipad (5). The bottom of the telescopic component (81) is connected to a rectangular frame (82). A gas generator (83) is installed inside the rectangular frame (82). A flow guide (84) is installed at the outlet end of the gas generator (83). An electric three-way valve (85) is installed at the outlet end of the flow guide (84). One of the outlet ends of the electric three-way valve (85) is connected to an outlet pipe (86). The outlet end of the outlet pipe (86) is connected to a flow guide (89). A rotating tube (810) is sleeved on the outside of the flow guide (89).

6. The adaptive vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV nest according to claim 5, characterized in that, The number of electric three-way valves (85) is set to four. Two corresponding electric three-way valves (85) form a group. The other air outlet of each of the four electric three-way valves (85) is connected to a connecting pipe (87). The air outlets of the two electric three-way valves (85) in one group are connected to the corresponding air outlet pipes (86) through independent connecting pipes (87). The air outlets of the two electric three-way valves (85) in the other group are connected to the corresponding flow guides (84) through independent connecting pipes (87).

7. The adaptive vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV nest according to claim 6, characterized in that, Gears (811) are fixedly connected to both sides of the outer surface of the rotating tube (810). A rack (814) is connected to the outside of the gear (811), and the same moving bar (812) is connected between the two racks (814).

8. The adaptive vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV nest according to claim 7, characterized in that, The two adjacent moving bars (812) are connected by the same right-angle bar (813), and the three moving bars (812) are connected by a column through the inside. The bottom of another moving bar (812) is fixedly installed with a lifting drive unit (815).

9. An adaptive vertical take-off and landing fixed-wing UAV nest according to claim 8, characterized in that, The rotating tube (810) is rotatably connected to the same fixed cover (88) at both ends. The bottom end of the lifting drive unit (815) is fixedly connected to the inside of the fixed cover (88). The air outlet tube (86) is fixedly connected to the fixed cover (88).

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