Shaft part quick-change lifting appliance capable of achieving self-locking through gravity
By using a gravity-locking structure and a flexible belt drive system, the rapid and safe hoisting of shaft parts is achieved, solving the problems of cumbersome operation and safety hazards in existing technologies, and ensuring the stability and efficiency of the hoisting process.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511506252.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for hoisting shaft parts are cumbersome to operate, pose significant safety hazards, and have a high risk of clamping failure. In particular, wire rope or chain-based hoisting is inefficient and unstable, and the specialized clamps have complex structures.
It adopts a gravity self-locking structure, which uses the weight of the shaft parts to realize the automatic locking and releasing of the gripper. Through a purely mechanical structure and a flexible belt drive system, it realizes the automatic opening and closing of the gripper. The mechanical interlocking of the self-locking shaft and the guide groove ensures safe hoisting.
It enables rapid and safe hoisting and automatic locking of shaft parts, improving hoisting efficiency, avoiding reliance on sensors or control signals, and ensuring safety by ensuring that the locking force is proportional to the hoisting weight.
Smart Images
Figure CN121493776A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application belongs to the field of hangers for shaft parts. BACKGROUND
[0002] The hoisting and transporting of shaft parts, such as roller shafts, transmission shafts, and rollers, is a common and arduous task. Currently, the common hoisting methods mainly have the following problems:
[0003] The most traditional method is steel wire rope or chain binding type hoisting, which is cumbersome to operate and requires manual threading of the rope through the shaft and knotting or hooking, resulting in low efficiency. During hoisting, the rope is prone to slipping, causing the shaft to become unbalanced and fall off, posing a serious safety hazard; while some existing special fixtures avoid binding, they usually have complex structures, and when the power fails, there is a risk of clamping failure. SUMMARY
[0004] The present application provides a gravity self-locking shaft part quick-change hanger to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, which uses the gravity of the hoisted object itself as the locking force source and achieves automatic locking and release of the clamping jaws through a purely mechanical structure.
[0005] Technical solution: To achieve the above purpose, the gravity self-locking shaft part quick-change hanger of the present application comprises a cross beam, a hooking and dragging part, a hoisting arm, and a clamping hook part connected from top to bottom at the lower part of both ends of the cross beam; the hooking and dragging part comprises arc-shaped unhooking parts that can jointly lift the shaft part upward; the arc-shaped unhooking parts are connected to the clamping hook part through the hoisting arm; the clamping hook part comprises a gravity self-locking structure and left and right a and b arc-shaped clamping jaws; the a and b arc-shaped clamping jaws clamp the shaft part to the ground, and under the action of the gravity of the shaft part and the gravity self-locking structure, the a and b arc-shaped clamping jaws automatically maintain the clamping state.
[0006] Further, the gravity self-locking structure comprises a and b vertical self-locking arms that are initially parallel and movable in front and back, the lower ends of the a and b vertical self-locking arms are fixedly connected to the upper ends of the a and b arc-shaped clamping jaws, respectively; the lower ends of the a and b vertical self-locking arms are provided with a and b bearing holes, respectively, and a same hinge shaft is rotatably arranged in the a and b bearing holes through bearings; the a and b vertical self-locking arms are respectively hollowed out with a and b vertically extending gravity self-locking guide grooves; the a and b gravity self-locking guide grooves are both isosceles hollow groove structures that gradually widen from top to bottom; the lower end of the hoisting arm is provided with a c bearing hole, and a self-locking shaft is rotatably installed in the c bearing hole through a bearing, and the self-locking shaft transversely penetrates the a and b gravity self-locking guide grooves.
[0007] Further, the top surface of the narrowest part of the upper end of the a gravity self-locking guide groove is an a concave arc top surface, and the top surface of the narrowest part of the upper end of the b gravity self-locking guide groove is a b concave arc top surface.
[0008] Further, in the initial state, the a gravity self-locking guide groove and the b gravity self-locking guide groove coincide in the axial view of the hinge shaft, and the a arc-shaped clamping jaw and the b arc-shaped clamping jaw are in a clamping state.
[0009] Further, the first convex ring, the second convex ring and the third convex ring are respectively arranged at intervals on the self-locking rotating shaft; the outer diameters of the first convex ring, the second convex ring and the third convex ring are consistent with the inner diameters of the a concave arc top surface and the b concave arc top surface; the first convex ring and the third convex ring are respectively in the a gravity self-locking guide groove and the b gravity self-locking guide groove; the second convex ring is at the boundary between the a gravity self-locking guide groove and the b gravity self-locking guide groove; the first convex ring and the second convex ring form an a ring groove, and the second convex ring and the third convex ring form a b ring groove.
[0010] In the initial state, the first convex ring and the third convex ring on the self-locking rotating shaft respectively abut the a concave arc top surface and the b concave arc top surface of the upper end of the a gravity self-locking guide groove and the b gravity self-locking guide groove.
[0011] Further, an a flexible belt is arranged in the a gravity self-locking guide groove, the upper end of the a flexible belt is fixedly connected to the a ring groove, and the lower end of the a flexible belt is fixedly connected to the left inner wall of the lower end of the a gravity self-locking guide groove; a b flexible belt is arranged in the b gravity self-locking guide groove, the upper end of the b flexible belt is fixedly connected to the b ring groove, and the lower end of the b flexible belt is fixedly connected to the right inner wall of the lower end of the b gravity self-locking guide groove; in the axial view of the hinge shaft, the a flexible belt and the b flexible belt gradually move away from each other from top to bottom.
[0012] Further, one end of the self-locking rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a synchronous gear, a gear driving motor is fixedly installed on the hanging arm, an output gear is drivingly connected to the output end of the gear driving motor, and the output gear is engaged with the synchronous gear.
[0013] Further, the a flexible belt and the b flexible belt are gradually wound on the a ring groove and the b ring groove respectively by the active rotation of the self-locking rotating shaft, so that the exposed a flexible belt and b flexible belt gradually become shorter, and the outer diameter of the winding body formed in the a ring groove and the b ring groove during the winding of the a flexible belt and the b flexible belt on the a ring groove and the b ring groove respectively does not exceed the outer diameter of the first convex ring, the second convex ring and the third convex ring.
[0014] The gradually shortened a flexible belt and b flexible belt pull the a vertical self-locking arm and b vertical self-locking arm upwards, and then make the a vertical self-locking arm and b vertical self-locking arm gradually make the ascending action relative to the self-locking rotation shaft, until the self-locking rotation shaft reaches the lower part of the wider a gravity self-locking guide groove and b gravity self-locking guide groove, the a flexible belt exerts a right transverse pulling force on the a vertical self-locking arm in the last stage of being completely wound on the a ring groove, so that the a vertical self-locking arm swings rightwards by a certain angle around the hinge shaft until the left side inner wall at the lower end of the a gravity self-locking guide groove abuts against the first convex ring on the self-locking rotation shaft; at the same time, the b flexible belt exerts a left transverse pulling force on the b vertical self-locking arm in the last stage of being completely wound on the b ring groove, so that the b vertical self-locking arm swings leftwards by a certain angle around the hinge shaft until the right side inner wall at the lower end of the b gravity self-locking guide groove abuts against the third convex ring on the self-locking rotation shaft; in the process that the a vertical self-locking arm swings rightwards by a certain angle around the hinge shaft and the b vertical self-locking arm swings leftwards by a certain angle around the hinge shaft, the a arc-shaped claw and b arc-shaped claw are automatically opened under the linkage of the a vertical self-locking arm and b vertical self-locking arm.
[0015] Beneficial effects: the application provides a shaft part quick-change lifting appliance using gravity self-locking, which uses the gravity of the hoisted object as the locking force source, and realizes automatic locking and releasing of the claws through a pure mechanical structure. The main innovations are as follows:
[0016] The gravity self-locking structure composed of the a / b vertical self-locking arm, the a / b gravity self-locking guide groove and the self-locking rotation shaft; when the shaft is lifted away from the ground, the gravity of the shaft is transmitted through the claws and the self-locking arm, forcing the self-locking rotation shaft to automatically slide into the concave arc top surface at the narrowest part of the upper end of the guide groove, forming mechanical interlocking, so that the two claws cannot be opened, and safe hoisting is realized; the process is completely automatic, without the need for sensors or control signals, and the locking force is proportional to the hoisting weight, and the heavier the weight, the safer it is.
[0017] The flexible belt driven controllable opening and closing system: the complex hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder is abandoned, and the a / b flexible belt is wound on the a / b ring groove of the self-locking rotation shaft to drive; through a single gear drive motor driving the self-locking rotation shaft to rotate forward and backward, the flexible belt can be accurately controlled to be retracted and released, and then the self-locking arm is pulled up and down and swung, so that the claws are opened and closed. The system has compact structure, efficient transmission and simple control; the opening of the claws is not a simple direct swing, but a delicate two-stage linkage process:
[0018] First stage (ascending): the flexible belt is retracted, first pulling the self-locking arm upwards, so that the self-locking rotation shaft moves from the narrow part of the guide groove to the wide part, and the self-locking is released.
[0019] Second stage (swing): the flexible belt continues to be retracted, and the transverse pulling force generated at the lower fixed point is used to actively pull the two self-locking arms to swing in opposite directions, so that the claws are reliably opened. This design ensures the certainty and strength of the opening action.
[0020] During unloading, simply place the shaft onto the support, and the lifting device will lower slightly to allow the self-locking shaft to re-lock into the top of the guide groove. Then, control the grippers to open and automatically release the shaft. The entire process is smooth and fast, and the flexible belt does not bear the main load during release, ensuring a long service life. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device;
[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a partial structure;
[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Disassembly diagram;
[0024] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the two states: clamping and releasing.
[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The following is a sectional view in the current state. Detailed Implementation
[0026] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0027] As attached Figures 1 to 5 The quick-change lifting device for shaft parts using gravity self-locking is shown. It includes a crossbeam 27, and the lower parts of both ends of the crossbeam 27 are connected from top to bottom to a hook-and-pull part 30, a boom 24, and a hook part 29. The hook-and-pull part 30 includes an arc-shaped release hook 26, and the two arc-shaped release hooks 26 can lift the shaft part 28 upward together. The lower end of the arc-shaped release hook 26 is connected to the hook part 29 through the boom 24. The hook part 29 includes a gravity self-locking structure and two opposing arc-shaped claws a 16 and b 17. When the arc-shaped claws a 16 and b 17 clamp the shaft part 28 to lift it off the ground, under the action of the gravity of the shaft part 28 and the gravity self-locking structure, the arc-shaped claws a 16 and b 17 automatically maintain the clamping state. In existing technologies, the hoisting of shaft parts typically involves binding with wire ropes or chains, which is cumbersome, poses safety hazards, and cannot achieve rapid replacement or automatic locking. This invention solves these problems through a gravity self-locking structure, improving hoisting efficiency and safety. The crossbeam 27 is made of high-strength alloy steel, possessing sufficient rigidity and load-bearing capacity. Its length is adjusted according to the dimensions of the shaft part 28, typically 1-2 meters. The radius of curvature of the arc-shaped release hook 26 of the hook-draft part 30 is designed according to the diameter of the shaft part 28, typically 1.2 times the shaft diameter, and is made of hardened steel with good wear resistance.
[0028] The gravity self-locking structure includes a vertical self-locking arm 13 and b vertical self-locking arm 12 that move in parallel and fit together in the initial state. The lower ends of the vertical self-locking arm 13 and b vertical self-locking arm 12 are respectively fixedly connected to the upper ends of a curved claw 16 and b curved claw 17.
[0029] The lower ends of vertical self-locking arm 13 (a) and vertical self-locking arm 12 (b) are respectively provided with bearing holes 18 (a) and 19 (b). The same hinge shaft 20 is rotatably installed in bearing holes 18 (a) and 19 (b) through bearings. Vertical self-locking arm 13 (a) and vertical self-locking arm 12 (b) are respectively hollowed out with vertically extending gravity self-locking guide grooves 14 (a) and 15 (b). Both gravity self-locking guide grooves 14 (a) and 15 (b) are isosceles hollowed-out groove structures that gradually widen from top to bottom. The top surface of the narrowest part of gravity self-locking guide groove 14 (a) is a concave arc top surface 14a, and the top surface of the narrowest part of gravity self-locking guide groove 15 (b) is a concave arc top surface 15a. The radii of curvature of the concave top surface 14a and the concave top surface 15a are matched with the outer diameter of the convex ring on the self-locking shaft 2, with the tolerance controlled within 0.1mm, forming a tight fit and enhancing the self-locking effect.
[0030] In the initial state, gravity self-locking guide groove 14 (a) and gravity self-locking guide groove 15 (b) coincide from the axial perspective of the hinge shaft 20, and arc-shaped gripper 16 (a) and arc-shaped gripper 17 (b) are in a clamping state; the lower end of the boom 24 is provided with bearing hole 23 (c), and a self-locking shaft 2 is installed in the bearing hole 23 through the bearing. The self-locking shaft 2 passes horizontally and vertically through gravity self-locking guide groove 14 (a) and gravity self-locking guide groove 15 (b).
[0031] The self-locking shaft 2 is provided with a first convex ring 11, a second convex ring 10, and a third convex ring 7 at intervals. The outer diameters of the first convex ring 11, the second convex ring 10, and the third convex ring 7 are all consistent with the inner diameters of the concave top surface 14a and the concave top surface 15a. The first convex ring 11 and the third convex ring 7 are respectively located in the gravity self-locking guide groove 14 and the gravity self-locking guide groove 15. The second convex ring 10 is located at the boundary between the gravity self-locking guide groove 14 and the gravity self-locking guide groove 15. The first convex ring 11 and the second convex ring 10 form an a ring groove 9, and the second convex ring 10 and the third convex ring 7 form a b ring groove 8.
[0032] In the initial state, the first convex ring 11 and the third convex ring 7 on the self-locking shaft 2 are respectively attached to the concave arc top surface 14a and the concave arc top surface 15a at the upper end of gravity self-locking guide groove 14 and gravity self-locking guide groove 15. A flexible belt 3 is provided inside gravity self-locking guide groove 14, with its upper end fixedly connected to an annular groove 9 and its lower end fixedly connected to the left inner wall of the lower end of gravity self-locking guide groove 14. A flexible belt 4 is provided inside gravity self-locking guide groove 15, with its upper end fixedly connected to an annular groove 8 and its lower end fixedly connected to the right inner wall of the lower end of gravity self-locking guide groove 15. From an axial perspective along the hinge axis 20, the flexible belts 3 and 4 gradually move away from each other from top to bottom. The flexible belts 3 and 4 are made of high-strength nylon or steel wire rope, possessing high tensile strength and flexibility. The flexible belt is fixed by riveting or gluing to ensure it does not fall off during repeated use. Working principle: When the self-locking shaft 2 rotates, the flexible belt winds around the annular groove. By shortening its length, it pulls the self-locking arm upward. At the same time, because the lower end of the flexible belt is fixed to the left or right, a lateral tension is generated at the end of the winding, causing the self-locking arm to swing, thus opening or closing the gripper.
[0033] One end of the self-locking shaft 2 is coaxially fixedly connected to a synchronous gear 1. A gear drive motor 25 is fixedly installed on the boom 24. The output end of the gear drive motor 25 is driven and connected to an output gear 22, which meshes with the synchronous gear 1. The end of the self-locking shaft 2 away from the synchronous gear 1 is integrally connected to a limiting disk 5. The limiting disk 5 is positioned against the side of the vertical self-locking arm 12. The outer diameter of the limiting disk 5 is greater than the width of the widest part of the lower end of the gravity self-locking guide groove 15. The vertical self-locking arm 13 and the vertical self-locking arm 12 are movably constrained between the boom 24 and the limiting disk 5. The two limiting disks 5 are coaxially and synchronously connected through the structural shaft 6. The two hinge shafts 20 are coaxially and synchronously connected through the structural shaft 21.
[0034] Work process:
[0035] Step one, based on the initial state, the hoisting device moves the hook part 29 of this device to directly above the shaft part 28 lying flat on the ground. At this time, as... Figure 2As shown, under the weight of arc-shaped gripper 16 (a), arc-shaped gripper 17 (b), vertical self-locking arm 13 (a), and vertical self-locking arm 12 (b), the self-locking shaft 2 automatically engages at the narrowest point of the upper end of gravity self-locking guide groove 14 (a) and gravity self-locking guide groove 15 (b). This prevents vertical self-locking arm 13 (a) and vertical self-locking arm 12 (b) from swinging relative to each other around the hinge shaft 20. Consequently, vertical self-locking arm 13 (a) and vertical self-locking arm 12 (b) interlock under the action of the self-locking shaft 2. At this time, arc-shaped gripper 16 (a) and arc-shaped gripper 17 (b) are in a relatively closed state. The opening width between the lower ends of arc-shaped gripper 16 (a) and arc-shaped gripper 17 (b) is smaller than the outer diameter of the shaft part 28. The next step is to open arc-shaped gripper 16 (a) and arc-shaped gripper 17 (b). In this step, the self-locking shaft 2 is locked at the narrowest point of the upper end of the guide groove. Due to the fit between the concave arc top surface and the convex ring, a self-locking mechanism is formed, preventing the self-locking arm from swinging and ensuring that the gripper is in a stable state before hoisting.
[0036] Step two: The gear-driven motor 25 drives the self-locking shaft 2 to rotate forward, causing the flexible belt 3 (a) and flexible belt 4 (b) to gradually wind onto the annular groove 9 (a) and annular groove 8 (b), respectively. This causes the exposed flexible belts 3 and 4 to gradually shorten. During this process, the outer diameter of the wound body formed within the annular grooves 9 and 8 never exceeds the outer diameters of the first convex ring 11, the second convex ring 10, and the third convex ring 7. The rotation angle of the self-locking shaft 2 is controlled by the motor, ensuring complete winding of the flexible belts. During winding, the outer diameter of the wound body is always smaller than the outer diameter of the convex rings, avoiding interference with the inner wall of the guide groove and ensuring smooth movement.
[0037] The gradually shortening flexible bands 3 and 4 pull the vertical self-locking arms 13 and 12 upwards respectively, causing them to gradually rise relative to the self-locking shaft 2 until the shaft reaches the lower part of the wider gravity self-locking guide grooves 14 and 15. Since the lower end of the flexible band 3 is fixedly connected to the left inner wall of the lower end of the gravity self-locking guide groove 14, the flexible band 3, in the final stage of being completely wound around the annular groove 9, applies a rightward lateral force to the vertical self-locking arm 13, thereby causing the vertical self-locking arm 13 to... The locking arm 13 swings to the right at a certain angle around the hinge shaft 20 until the left inner wall of the lower end of the gravity self-locking guide groove 14 a contacts the first protruding ring 11 on the self-locking rotating shaft 2. At the same time, since the lower end of the flexible belt 4 is fixedly connected to the right inner wall of the lower end of the gravity self-locking guide groove 15, the flexible belt 4 will exert a leftward lateral tension on the vertical self-locking arm 12 in the final stage of being completely wound on the ring groove 8. This causes the vertical self-locking arm 12 to swing to the left at a certain angle around the hinge shaft 20 until the right inner wall of the lower end of the gravity self-locking guide groove 15 a contacts the third protruding ring 7 on the self-locking rotating shaft 2. The lateral tension is generated because the fixed position of the lower end of the flexible belt is off-center, and the swing of the self-locking arm is achieved by lever principle.
[0038] While vertical self-locking arm 13 (a) swings to the right at a certain angle around hinge axis 20, vertical self-locking arm 12 (b) swings to the left at a certain angle around hinge axis 20. During this process, arc-shaped grippers 16 (a) and 17 (b) automatically open under the linkage of vertical self-locking arms 13 (a) and 12 (b), causing the opening width between the lower ends of arc-shaped grippers 16 (a) and 17 (b) to begin to exceed the outer diameter of shaft part 28. Figure 4 The image below and Figure 5 As shown.
[0039] Step 3: The hoisting device lowers the a-arc claw 16 and b-arc claw 17 of the hook part 29 of this device from their open state, so that the shaft part 28 is within the clamping range between the a-arc claw 16 and b-arc claw 17.
[0040] Step four: Release the brake on the gear drive motor 25, allowing the self-locking shaft 2 to rotate freely. Then, the hoisting device raises the boom 24 and the self-locking shaft 2, while the vertical self-locking arm 13 (a), vertical self-locking arm 12 (b), arc-shaped gripper 16 (a), and arc-shaped gripper 17 (b) remain in place under their own weight. During the ascent, the self-locking shaft 2 rotates in the opposite direction, gradually releasing the wound flexible belts 3 (a) and 4 (b). When the self-locking shaft 2 is simultaneously locked at the narrowest point of the upper ends of the gravity self-locking guide grooves 14 (a) and 15 (b), the vertical self-locking arm 13 (a) and 12 (b) cannot swing relative to each other around the hinge shaft 20. Furthermore, the vertical self-locking arm 13 (a) and 12 (b) interlock under the action of the self-locking shaft 2. The arc-shaped gripper 16 (a) and 17 (b) re-enter a relatively closed state, clamping the shaft parts 28. Figure 5 As shown in the figure above; finally, the hoisting device drives the hook part 29 of this device in the clamping state to lift the shaft part 28 off the ground, thereby achieving the purpose of hoisting and transferring the shaft part 28.
[0041] Step four: After the shaft part 28 is hoisted to the target position and supported by the support at the target position, the hoisting device continues to descend with the boom 24. Meanwhile, the vertical self-locking arm 13, the vertical self-locking arm 12, the arc-shaped gripper 16, the arc-shaped gripper 17, and the shaft part 28 remain in place under the action of the support, so that the vertical self-locking arm 13, the vertical self-locking arm 12, the arc-shaped gripper 16, the arc-shaped gripper 17, and the shaft part 28 gradually rise relative to the boom 24 and the self-locking rotating shaft 2. Then, referring to the method in "Step two", the arc-shaped gripper 16 and the arc-shaped gripper 17 are controlled to automatically open, thereby achieving the purpose of automatically releasing the shaft part 28. During this step, when the arc-shaped gripper 16 and the arc-shaped gripper 17 are automatically opening, the shaft part 28 is in a state of being supported by the ground, and the flexible belt 3 and the flexible belt 4 do not bear a large load.
[0042] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A quick-change lifting device for shaft parts that utilizes gravity self-locking, characterized in that: Including a crossbeam (27), the lower parts of both ends of the crossbeam (27) are connected from top to bottom to a hook and tow part (30), a boom (24) and a hook part (29). The hook-and-carry section (30) includes an arc-shaped hook (26), and the two arc-shaped hooks (26) can lift the shaft-like parts (28) upward together; the lower end of the arc-shaped hook (26) is connected to the hook section (29) through the boom (24). The hook part (29) includes a gravity self-locking structure and left and right opposite arc-shaped grippers (16) and (17). When the arc-shaped grippers (16) and (17) clamp the shaft part (28) off the ground, the arc-shaped grippers (16) and (17) automatically maintain the clamping state under the action of the gravity of the shaft part (28) and the gravity self-locking structure.
2. The quick-change lifting device for shaft parts using gravity self-locking as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The gravity self-locking structure includes a vertical self-locking arm (13) and a vertical self-locking arm (12) that are parallel and movable in the front and rear in the initial state. The lower ends of the vertical self-locking arm (13) and the vertical self-locking arm (12) are respectively fixedly connected to the upper ends of the arc-shaped claw (16) and the arc-shaped claw (17). The lower ends of the vertical self-locking arm (13) and the vertical self-locking arm (12) are respectively provided with bearing hole (18) and bearing hole (19). The same hinge shaft (20) is installed in the bearing hole (18) and bearing hole (19) through the bearing rotation. Vertical self-locking arm (13) and vertical self-locking arm (12) are respectively hollowed out with vertically extending gravity self-locking guide groove (14) and gravity self-locking guide groove (15). Both gravity self-locking guide groove (14) and gravity self-locking guide groove (15) are isosceles hollow groove structures that gradually widen from top to bottom; the lower end of the boom (24) is provided with bearing hole (23), and a self-locking shaft (2) is installed in bearing hole (23) through bearing rotation. The self-locking shaft (2) passes horizontally and vertically through gravity self-locking guide groove (14) and gravity self-locking guide groove (15).
3. A gravity-based self-locking quick-change lifting device for shaft parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top surface of the narrowest part of the gravity self-locking guide groove (14) is a concave arc top surface (14a), and the top surface of the narrowest part of the gravity self-locking guide groove (15) is b concave arc top surface (15a).
4. A gravity-based self-locking quick-change lifting device for shaft parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the initial state, gravity self-locking guide groove (14) and gravity self-locking guide groove (15) coincide from the axial perspective of the hinge shaft (20), and arc-shaped gripper (16) and arc-shaped gripper (17) are in a clamping state.
5. A gravity-based self-locking quick-change lifting device for shaft parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The self-locking shaft (2) is provided with a first convex ring (11), a second convex ring (10) and a third convex ring (7) at intervals; the outer diameters of the first convex ring (11), the second convex ring (10) and the third convex ring (7) are all consistent with the inner diameters of the concave top surface (14a) and the concave top surface (15a) of the a concave arc; the first convex ring (11) and the third convex ring (7) are respectively in the gravity self-locking guide groove (14) and the gravity self-locking guide groove (15); The second convex ring (10) is located at the boundary between the gravity self-locking guide groove (14) and the gravity self-locking guide groove (15); an a ring groove (9) is formed between the first convex ring (11) and the second convex ring (10), and an a ring groove (8) is formed between the second convex ring (10) and the third convex ring (7). In the initial state, the first protruding ring (11) and the third protruding ring (7) on the self-locking shaft (2) respectively fit the upper concave arc top surface (14a) and the concave arc top surface (15a) of the gravity self-locking guide groove (14) and the gravity self-locking guide groove (15).
6. A gravity-based self-locking quick-change lifting device for shaft parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gravity self-locking guide groove (14) is provided with a flexible belt (3), the upper end of the flexible belt (3) is fixedly connected to the ring groove (9), and the lower end of the flexible belt (3) is fixedly connected to the left inner wall of the lower end of the gravity self-locking guide groove (14); the gravity self-locking guide groove (15) is provided with a flexible belt (4), the upper end of the flexible belt (4) is fixedly connected to the ring groove (8), and the lower end of the flexible belt (4) is fixedly connected to the right inner wall of the lower end of the gravity self-locking guide groove (15); from the perspective of the hinge axis (20), the flexible belt (3) and the flexible belt (4) gradually move away from each other from top to bottom.
7. A gravity-based self-locking quick-change lifting device for shaft parts according to claim 6, characterized in that: One end of the self-locking shaft (2) is coaxially fixedly connected to a synchronous gear (1), and a gear drive motor (25) is fixedly installed on the boom (24). The output end of the gear drive motor (25) is driven and connected to an output gear (22), which meshes with the synchronous gear (1).
8. A gravity-based self-locking quick-change lifting device for shaft parts according to claim 7, characterized in that: The self-locking shaft (2) rotates actively, causing the flexible belt (3) and the flexible belt (4) to gradually wind around the annular groove (9) and the annular groove (8) respectively, thereby causing the exposed flexible belt (3) and the flexible belt (4) to gradually shorten. During the process of the flexible belt (3) and the flexible belt (4) gradually winding around the annular groove (9) and the annular groove (8) respectively, the outer diameter of the winding body formed in the annular groove (9) and the annular groove (8) will never exceed the outer diameter of the first convex ring (11), the second convex ring (10) and the third convex ring (7). The gradually shortening flexible bands a (3) and b (4) pull the vertical self-locking arms a (13) and b (12) upwards respectively, causing the vertical self-locking arms a (13) and b (12) to gradually rise relative to the self-locking shaft (2) until the self-locking shaft (2) reaches the lower part of the wider gravity self-locking guide grooves a (14) and b (15). In the final stage when the flexible band a (3) is completely wound around the ring groove a (9), it will apply a rightward lateral force to the vertical self-locking arm a (13), causing the vertical self-locking arm a (13) to swing to the right at a certain angle around the hinge shaft (20) until the left inner wall of the lower end of the gravity self-locking guide groove (14) is against the self-locking shaft (2). First convex ring (11); at the same time, in the final stage when the flexible belt (4) is completely wound on the ring groove (8), it will apply a leftward lateral pull to the vertical self-locking arm (12), so that the vertical self-locking arm (12) swings to the left at a certain angle around the hinge axis (20) until the right inner wall of the lower end of the gravity self-locking guide groove (15) is against the third convex ring (7) on the self-locking rotating shaft (2); while the vertical self-locking arm (13) swings to the right at a certain angle around the hinge axis (20), the vertical self-locking arm (12) swings to the left at a certain angle around the hinge axis (20), the arc-shaped claw (16) and the arc-shaped claw (17) automatically open under the linkage of the vertical self-locking arm (13) and the vertical self-locking arm (12).