Two-component injector based on liquid oxygen and liquid methane and attitude control engine

Abstract

The invention provides a two-component injector based on liquid oxygen and liquid methane and an attitude control engine. The injector at least comprises an injection disc, a spark plug, a liquid oxygen collecting cavity and a liquid methane collecting cavity. The injection disc is of a double-layer panel structure with a closed cavity, a plurality of connecting columns are arranged in the cavity, and the connecting columns are uniformly distributed and connected between the upper-layer panel and the lower-layer panel; at least part of the connecting columns are provided with injection holes penetrating through the upper-layer panel and the lower-layer panel. The liquid oxygen collecting cavity and the liquid methane collecting cavity are arranged on the outer end face of the upper-layer panel and are respectively communicated with the spray pipe through injection holes formed in the connecting columns; cooling holes communicated with the liquid methane collecting cavity, the cavity and the spray pipe are formed in the upper-layer panel and the lower-layer panel. The liquid methane entering the double-layer panel structure is used for cooling the injector.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aerospace launch vehicle engine technology, and in particular to a bicomponent injector and attitude control engine based on liquid oxygen and liquid methane. Background Technology

[0002] Liquid oxygen and liquid methane propellant combinations have shown broad application prospects in attitude control propulsion systems for next-generation launch vehicles and spacecraft due to their outstanding advantages such as high specific impulse, good space storage characteristics, non-toxicity and environmental friendliness, and low cost. They are an ideal solution to replace traditional toxic and self-igniting propellants (such as nitrogen tetroxide / hydrazine).

[0003] Because the propellant flow rate of the attitude control engine is extremely small, the cryogenic liquid oxygen / liquid methane is highly susceptible to vaporization due to the absorption of ambient heat during transport, which may lead to unstable flow rates and threaten the reliable operation of the engine. In addition, the combination of liquid oxygen and liquid methane propellants is a non-self-igniting propellant combination, requiring a dedicated ignition system, which increases the structural complexity, number of parts, and overall weight of the engine.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide an integrated, lightweight, and reliable liquid oxygen-methane attitude control engine solution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a bi-component injector and attitude control engine based on liquid oxygen and liquid methane. It features a compact structure, reliable operation, and its injection disk can be manufactured using 3D printing.

[0006] This invention provides a bi-component injector based on liquid oxygen and liquid methane for connection with the head of a nozzle. The bi-component injector includes at least an injection disc, a spark plug, a liquid oxygen collection chamber, and a liquid methane collection chamber. A cylindrical structure is located at the center of the injection disc, and the spark plug is installed within this cylindrical structure with the ignition component positioned close to the nozzle. The injection disc is a double-layer panel structure with a sealed cavity. Multiple connecting posts are provided within the cavity, and these posts are evenly distributed between the upper and lower panels. At least some of the connecting posts have injection holes penetrating the upper and lower panels. The liquid oxygen collection chamber and the liquid methane collection chamber... A liquid chamber is located on the outer end face of the upper panel and is connected to the nozzle through injection holes opened on the connecting column. Both the upper panel and the lower panel are provided with cooling holes, which are connected to the cooling holes of the liquid methane collection chamber, the cavity, and the nozzle. Liquid oxygen in the storage tank is guided to the liquid oxygen collection chamber and flows through the injection holes to be injected into the nozzle. Liquid methane in the storage tank is guided to the liquid methane collection chamber, at least part of which flows through the injection holes to be injected into the nozzle, and the remaining part enters the cavity through the cooling holes, vaporizes, and is then injected into the nozzle.

[0007] In one embodiment, the upper and lower panels of the double-layer panel structure are stepped structures that cooperate with each other.

[0008] In one embodiment, the outer end face of the upper panel is provided with a first annular groove and a second annular groove along the radial coaxial direction; wherein, the first annular groove cooperates with the oxygen chamber cover plate to form the liquid oxygen collection chamber, and the second annular groove cooperates with the methane chamber cover plate to form the liquid methane collection chamber.

[0009] In one embodiment, the bottom of the first annular groove is a stepped structure in which the outer ring is higher than the inner ring; the bottom of the second annular groove is a stepped structure in which the inner ring is higher than the outer ring.

[0010] In one embodiment, the injection holes include liquid oxygen injection holes formed in the first annular groove and liquid methane injection holes formed in the second annular groove; the liquid oxygen injection holes are evenly distributed in the inner and outer rings of the bottom of the first annular groove, wherein the number of liquid oxygen injection holes in the outer ring is 2 to 3 times that in the inner ring; the liquid methane injection holes are evenly distributed in the inner and outer rings of the bottom of the second annular groove, wherein the number of liquid methane injection holes in the outer ring is 2 to 3 times that in the inner ring.

[0011] In one embodiment, the cooling holes include liquid film cooling holes and gas film cooling holes; the liquid film cooling holes are evenly distributed in the inner ring of the second annular groove and are used to connect the liquid methane collection chamber and the cavity; the gas film cooling holes are evenly distributed in the inner and outer rings of the lower panel and are used to connect the cavity and the nozzle.

[0012] In one embodiment, the film cooling holes include main film cooling holes located near the spark plug on the inner ring of the lower panel, and side film cooling holes located on the outer ring of the lower panel; after the liquid methane in the cavity is heated and vaporized, at least part of it is ejected through the main film cooling holes to cool the spark plug, and the remaining part is ejected through the side film cooling holes to cool the nozzle.

[0013] In one embodiment, the liquid oxygen injection hole and the liquid methane injection hole are both pointed at the same focal region at a certain angle, so that the injected liquid oxygen and liquid methane collide in the focal region.

[0014] In any of the above embodiments, liquid oxygen in the storage tank flows to the liquid oxygen collection chamber through a liquid oxygen valve, and liquid methane in the storage tank flows to the liquid methane collection chamber through a liquid methane valve; the liquid oxygen valve is installed on the injection plate through a liquid oxygen valve seat and communicates with the liquid oxygen collection chamber; the liquid methane valve is installed on the injection plate through a liquid methane valve seat and communicates with the liquid methane collection chamber.

[0015] Another aspect of the present invention provides an attitude control engine, comprising at least one of the liquid oxygen-methane-based bicomponent injector and nozzle as described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the injector is disposed at the head of the nozzle.

[0016] The present invention provides a bi-component injector and attitude control engine based on liquid oxygen and methane, which has at least one of the following beneficial effects: I. This invention designs the injection disc as a double-layer panel structure. By introducing liquid methane into the interlayer (cavity), the vaporization forms a film cooling system in the main and side zones, enabling it to simultaneously meet the cooling requirements of the spark plug and the nozzle. This invention utilizes liquid methane entering the double-layer panel structure to cool the injector.

[0017] Second, the cooling structure (cavity structure) of the double-layer panel of the present invention isolates the liquid oxygen collection cavity and the liquid methane collection cavity from heating and vaporization, ensuring that the liquid oxygen and liquid methane in the collection cavity always remain in a liquid state, and realizing the transition process from gaseous to liquid state as soon as possible during the engine ignition and start-up phase, thereby ensuring the rapid start-up and stable operation of the engine.

[0018] Third, the present invention sets the panel of the injection plate in a stepped form, so that the injection plate is far away from the high-temperature reflow zone generated by combustion. Compared with the traditional flat panel structure, the present invention can effectively avoid structural ablation damage to the panel due to excessive heat load.

[0019] Fourth, this invention integrates the injector and ignition system into a compact structure, avoiding the need for an additional flare ignition structure, optimizing the overall layout of the engine, and improving the reliability of engine operation.

[0020] Upon reading the detailed embodiments and examining the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize additional features and advantages. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the liquid oxygen-liquid methane bicomponent injector and attitude control engine according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the injector according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the injector according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 yes Figure 3Cross-sectional view along the AA direction; Figure 5 yes Figure 3 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Injection plate; 11. Upper panel; 12. Lower panel; 13. Connecting column; 14. Docking flange; 2. Spark plug; 3. Liquid oxygen collecting chamber; 4. Liquid methane collecting chamber; 51. Liquid oxygen injection hole; 52. Liquid methane injection hole; 61. Liquid film cooling hole; 62. Main zone gas film cooling hole; 62. Side zone gas film cooling hole; 71. Oxygen chamber cover plate; 72. Methane chamber cover plate; 81. Liquid oxygen valve seat; 82. Liquid methane valve seat; 9. Nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described in detail. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain the present invention and to exemplify the principles of the present invention, and are not configured to limit the present invention. In addition, the structural components in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some structural components or regions in the drawings may be enlarged for other structural components or regions to aid in the understanding of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] The directional terms used in the following description refer to the directions shown in the figures and are not intended to limit the specific structure of the embodiments of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a structure or component that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other structural elements that are not expressly listed or inherent to the structure or component. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or apparatus that includes the element.

[0027] Spatial relation terms such as "below," "under," "under," "low," "above," "on," and "high" are used for descriptive convenience to explain the positioning of one element relative to a second element, indicating that these terms are intended to cover different orientations of the device, in addition to those different from those shown in the figure. Furthermore, phrases such as "one element on / below another element" can indicate that two elements are in direct contact, or that there are other elements between the two elements. In addition, terms such as "first" and "second" are also used to describe individual elements, areas, parts, etc., and should not be considered limiting. Similar terms are used throughout the description to refer to similar elements.

[0028] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be practiced without requiring some of these specific details. The following description of embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the invention by illustrating examples of the invention.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention, which is based on a liquid oxygen and liquid methane bicomponent injector and an attitude control engine. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of an injector according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of an injector according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Cross-sectional view along the AA direction; Figure 5 yes Figure 3 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction.

[0030] See Figure 1 This invention provides a bi-component injector and attitude control engine based on liquid oxygen and liquid methane. The bi-component injector is used to connect with the head of the nozzle 9. Traditional bi-component attitude control engines often use combinations of self-igniting propellants such as tetra-liquid dinitrogen oxides / hydrazine, which are highly toxic and inconvenient to use and maintain. This invention uses liquid oxygen and liquid methane propellants, which are non-toxic, green, and environmentally friendly, and do not have the above-mentioned problems.

[0031] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 : Specifically, the bi-component injector based on liquid oxygen and liquid methane of the present invention includes at least an injection disk 1, a spark plug 2, a liquid oxygen collection chamber 3, and a liquid methane collection chamber 4. A cylindrical structure is located at the center of the injection disk 1, and the spark plug 2 is installed within this cylindrical structure with its ignition component positioned near the nozzle 9. A docking flange 14 is provided around the circumference of the injection disk 1. The nozzle 9 has a nozzle flange that matches the docking flange 14. After the nozzle flange and the docking flange 14 are properly engaged, they are connected by bolts, thereby connecting the nozzle 9 to the injection disk 1. The injection disk 1 is a double-panel structure (including an upper panel 11 and a lower panel 12) with a sealed cavity A. Multiple connecting posts 13 are provided within the cavity A of the injection disk 1, and these connecting posts 13 are evenly distributed between the upper panel 11 and the lower panel 12 to support and maintain the cavity A. It is particularly important to note that at least some of the connecting columns 13 are provided with injection holes penetrating the upper panel 11 and the lower panel 12, for guiding the medium in each liquid collection chamber to the nozzle. In this embodiment, the docking flange 14 is located on the periphery of the double-layer panel.

[0032] In this embodiment, the liquid collection chamber includes a liquid oxygen collection chamber 3 and a liquid methane collection chamber 4. Both the liquid oxygen collection chamber 3 and the liquid methane collection chamber 4 are located on the outer end face of the upper panel 11 and are connected to the nozzle 9 through injection holes provided on the connecting post 13. In addition, both the upper panel 11 and the lower panel 12 are provided with cooling holes, which connect the liquid methane collection chamber 4, the cavity A, and the nozzle. When the injector in this embodiment is working, the liquid oxygen in the tank (not shown in the figure) is guided to the liquid oxygen collection chamber 3 and then flows through the injection hole and is injected into the nozzle 9. The liquid methane in the tank is guided to the liquid methane collection chamber 4, at least part of which flows through the injection hole and is injected into the nozzle 9. The remaining part enters the cavity A through the cooling hole, vaporizes, and is then injected into the nozzle 9. The liquid methane and liquid oxygen ejected from the injection hole are atomized after impact in the nozzle and are ignited by the electric spark released by the spark plug 2 to start working. The injection plate 1 is heated by the heat load generated by combustion, so that the liquid methane entering the cavity A is continuously heated and vaporized and then sprayed out from the cooling hole. The sprayed vaporized methane is used to cool the spark plug and nozzle, prevent parts from burning, and improve the reliability of the product.

[0033] In this embodiment, the connecting column 13 has a dual function: firstly, it supports and maintains the structure of cavity A; secondly, it enables direct communication between the liquid collection chamber and the nozzle.

[0034] After the engine is ignited, some of the propellant absorbs heat and vaporizes. The function of the cavity in this embodiment is to shorten the duration of the propellant vaporization phase, so as to achieve the transition process from the gaseous state to the liquid state as quickly as possible, thereby ensuring the engine starts quickly and operates stably.

[0035] To avoid adding an extra torch ignition structure and to optimize the overall engine layout, the spark plug 2 can be installed in the center of the injection plate 1 via a threaded connection.

[0036] In this embodiment, a docking flange 14 is provided on the circumferential periphery of the injection disk 1, and a flange matching the docking flange 14 is fixedly installed on the top end of the nozzle 9. The nozzle 9 is connected to the docking flange 14 of the injection disk 1 by bolts. The main structure of the injection disk 1 protrudes from the docking flange 14 toward the side for mounting the nozzle 9. The purpose of this is that after the injection disk 1 is connected to the nozzle 9, the bottom end of the injection disk 1 can be completely inserted into the nozzle 9, thereby ensuring that the propellant injected through the injection hole is impact-atomized inside the nozzle.

[0037] Furthermore, in the above embodiments, the double-layer panel structure of the injection disk 1 can be a stepped structure. For example, the upper panel 11 and the lower panel 12 are stepped structures that cooperate with each other, forming a stepped cavity A. In this embodiment, the panel structure of the injection disk 1 is designed in a "stepped" form, which keeps it far away from the high-temperature recirculation zone generated by combustion. Compared with the traditional flat panel structure, the stepped injection disk of this embodiment can effectively avoid structural ablation damage to the injection disk panel due to excessive heat load.

[0038] The injection disc in this embodiment can be manufactured using 3D printing. The 3D-printed double-layer panel structure injection disc is suitable for low-thrust (low-flow) cryogenic liquid oxygen / methane attitude control engines. It effectively suppresses the thermal vaporization of liquid oxygen / methane at low flow rates, thereby achieving a stable flow supply and enabling a rapid transition from gaseous to liquid state during startup, allowing for quick engine start-up. During stable operation, the vaporized methane within the interlayer cools the spark plugs and nozzle inner walls, preventing component structural erosion and improving the reliability of the attitude control engine.

[0039] In one embodiment, the dual-component injector of this embodiment further includes an oxygen chamber cover plate 71 and a methane chamber cover plate 72. The oxygen chamber cover plate 71 is fixed above the injection disk 1 by brazing or laser welding to form a liquid oxygen collection chamber 3, and the methane chamber cover plate 72 is fixed above the injection disk 1 by brazing or laser welding to form a liquid methane collection chamber 4. Specifically, a first annular groove and a second annular groove can be radially coaxially arranged on the outer end face of the upper panel 11. The first annular groove cooperates with the oxygen chamber cover plate 71 to form the liquid oxygen collection chamber 3, and the second annular groove cooperates with the methane chamber cover plate 72 to form the liquid methane collection chamber 4.

[0040] This embodiment abandons the traditional method of independently welding or installing the liquid collection chambers, creatively "embedding" the two liquid collection chambers into the end face structure of the upper panel. This integrated design greatly simplifies the overall structure, reduces the number of parts and connection interfaces. When assembling the liquid collection chambers, simply align and tighten the oxygen chamber cover plate and the methane chamber cover plate with their corresponding annular grooves. The assembly process is simple and clear, reduces cumulative errors, facilitates standardization and mass production, and effectively reduces manufacturing costs.

[0041] In one embodiment, the bottom of the first annular groove has a stepped structure where the outer ring is higher than the inner ring, and the bottom of the second annular groove has a stepped structure where the inner ring is higher than the outer ring. That is, the wall between the first and second annular grooves is located at the high point of the stepped structure of the injection plate. Since this location is between the liquid oxygen collection chamber 3 and the liquid methane collection chamber 4, and is typically the closest point to the combustible material inside the nozzle 9, this embodiment uses a stepped design to keep this location away from the combustible material inside the nozzle 9.

[0042] Furthermore, the injection holes in the above embodiments include liquid oxygen injection holes 51 formed in the first annular groove and liquid methane injection holes 52 formed in the second annular groove. The liquid oxygen injection holes 51 are evenly distributed in the inner and outer rings of the bottom of the first annular groove, with 8 to 10 holes in the inner ring and 2 to 3 times the number in the outer ring. The liquid methane injection holes 52 are evenly distributed in the inner and outer rings of the bottom of the second annular groove, with 8 to 10 holes in the inner ring and 2 to 3 times the number in the outer ring. Both the liquid oxygen injection holes 51 and the liquid methane injection holes 52 are pointed at the same focal region at a certain angle, so that the injected liquid oxygen and liquid methane collide in this focal region.

[0043] To optimize the mixing effect, simulation and experimental verification showed that the included angle between the opening axis of the liquid oxygen injection orifice and the nozzle axis was designed to be between 30° and 50°, and the included angle between the opening axis of the liquid methane injection orifice and the nozzle axis was designed to be between 30° and 50°. Preferably, in this embodiment, the included angle between the opening axis of the liquid oxygen injection orifice and the nozzle axis is 36°, and the included angle between the opening axis of the liquid methane injection orifice and the nozzle axis is 40°.

[0044] In this embodiment, the liquid oxygen injection port 51 connects the liquid oxygen collection chamber, the corresponding connecting column inner cavity, and the nozzle, while the liquid methane injection port 52 connects the liquid methane collection chamber, the corresponding connecting column inner cavity, and the nozzle. The liquid oxygen and methane ejected through the liquid oxygen injection port 51 and the liquid methane injection port 52 are atomized upon impact in the focal region within the nozzle and then ignited by the electric spark emitted from the spark plug 2.

[0045] In one embodiment, the cooling holes include liquid film cooling holes 61 disposed on the upper panel 11 and gas film cooling holes (including main area gas film cooling holes 62 and side area gas film cooling holes 63) disposed on the lower panel. The liquid film cooling holes 61 are evenly distributed in the inner ring of the second annular groove and are used to connect the liquid methane collection chamber 4 and the cavity A. The main area gas film cooling holes 62 are evenly distributed in the inner ring of the lower panel 12, and the side area gas film cooling holes 63 are evenly distributed in the outer ring of the lower panel 12. Both the main area gas film cooling holes 62 and the side area gas film cooling holes 63 are used to connect the cavity A and the nozzle 9.

[0046] It should be noted that the liquid film cooling holes 61 and a portion of the liquid methane injection holes 52 are both distributed within the inner ring of the second annular groove, with an overlapping distribution. The diameter of the liquid film cooling holes 61 is larger than that of the liquid methane injection holes 52. This embodiment uses differentiated hole diameters to make the diameter of the liquid methane injection holes 52 smaller, thus precisely controlling the flow rate. The larger diameter of the liquid film cooling holes 61 ensures a sufficient supply of cooling medium. This design aims to achieve targeted functional allocation, thereby optimizing injection performance while ensuring cooling effectiveness.

[0047] Furthermore, the film cooling holes include main film cooling holes 62 located near the spark plug 2 on the inner ring of the lower panel 12, and side film cooling holes 63 located on the outer ring of the lower panel 12. The number of main film cooling holes 62 is generally 20 to 25, and the number of side film cooling holes 63 is generally 2 to 3 times that of the main film cooling holes 62. In this embodiment, the main film cooling holes 62 are circumferentially distributed on the inner ring of the lower panel 12, and the side film cooling holes 63 are circumferentially distributed on the outer ring of the lower panel 12. At least a portion of the liquid methane entering cavity A through the liquid film cooling holes 61 is ejected through the main film cooling holes 62 to cool the spark plug 2, and the remaining portion of the methane ejected through the side film cooling holes 63 is used to cool the nozzle.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, in the above embodiment, the lower panel of the injection disk 1 is radially distributed from the inside out with the main area gas film cooling hole 62, liquid oxygen injection hole 51, liquid methane injection hole 52 and side area gas film cooling hole 63.

[0049] In the above embodiment, one side (lower panel) of the injection plate 1 is used to connect to the nozzle 9, and the other side is used to receive the medium in the storage tank and inject it into the nozzle 9. Typically, a liquid oxygen valve is installed between the liquid oxygen collection chamber and the oxygen tank, and a liquid methane valve is installed between the liquid methane collection chamber and the methane tank. Liquid oxygen in the storage tank flows to the liquid oxygen collection chamber through the open liquid oxygen valve. Liquid methane in the storage tank (oxygen tank) flows to the liquid methane collection chamber through the liquid methane valve. The liquid oxygen valve is installed on the side of the injection plate 1 away from the nozzle 9 via a liquid oxygen valve seat 81, and is connected to the liquid oxygen collection chamber 3 via the liquid oxygen valve seat 81. The liquid methane valve is installed on the side of the injection plate 1 away from the nozzle 9 via a liquid methane valve seat 82, and is connected to the liquid methane collection chamber 4 via the liquid methane valve seat 82. For ease of understanding, Figure 2 The arrows indicate the flow paths of liquid oxygen and liquid methane. In this embodiment, the liquid oxygen valve seat and the liquid methane valve seat are fixed to the oxygen chamber cover plate, the methane chamber cover plate, and the injection plate, respectively, by argon arc welding or laser welding.

[0050] In this embodiment, the injection disk and the nozzle constitute a combustion chamber, and the combustion products are ejected from the nozzle to generate thrust.

[0051] Figure 2 The middle arrows indicate the flow direction of liquid oxygen and liquid methane during engine operation. For example, when the engine starts, the liquid oxygen valve and liquid methane valve are opened respectively. Liquid oxygen in the reservoir flows through the liquid oxygen valve and liquid oxygen valve seat 81 into the liquid oxygen collection chamber 3. After filling the liquid oxygen collection chamber 3, it is ejected from the liquid oxygen injection hole 51 on the injection plate 1. Liquid methane in the reservoir flows through the liquid methane valve and liquid methane valve seat 82 into the liquid methane collection chamber 4. After filling the liquid methane collection chamber 4, a portion of the liquid methane enters the cavity A of the injection plate 1 through the liquid film cooling hole 61. At least a portion of the methane entering the cavity A is ejected through the main area gas film cooling hole 62 to cool the spark plug 2. The remaining methane in the cavity A is ejected through the side area gas film cooling hole 63 to cool the nozzle 9. The remaining liquid methane in the liquid methane collection chamber 4 is ejected through the liquid methane injection hole 52. After colliding and atomizing with the liquid oxygen ejected from the liquid oxygen injection hole 51, it is ignited by the electric spark emitted from the spark plug 2. The two propellants burn in the nozzle, heating the injection disk 1 with the heat load generated by combustion. This causes the liquid methane in cavity A to be continuously heated and vaporized, and continuously ejected from the main area film cooling hole 62 and the side area film cooling hole 63. This continuously cools the spark plug 2 and the nozzle 9, preventing component structural erosion and improving product operational reliability.

[0052] It is worth noting that the gas film cooling medium used in the above embodiments is liquid methane. Liquid oxygen can also be used as the gas film cooling medium by entering the cavity. It is only necessary to adapt the liquid film cooling holes to the bottom of the first annular groove (liquid oxygen collection chamber).

[0053] Those skilled in the art will understand that this invention uses liquid oxygen and liquid methane as examples to illustrate the structure and working principle of the injector and attitude control engine, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. For example, the injector and attitude control engine provided by this invention are also applicable to cryogenic bicomponent non-self-igniting propellant combinations such as liquid oxygen / liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen / kerosene.

[0054] Another aspect of the present invention provides an attitude control engine, comprising at least the liquid oxygen-methane-based bicomponent injector and nozzle as described in any of the above embodiments, with the injector disposed at the head of the nozzle. During engine operation, after the propellant in the reservoir enters and fills the liquid collection chamber, at least a portion of the propellant is injected into the nozzle through the injector's injection holes and combusted. The remaining portion enters the injector cavity through cooling holes in the upper panel of the injector, and then enters the nozzle through cooling holes in the lower panel of the injector, serving to continuously cool the nozzle and spark plug during engine operation.

[0055] The above embodiments can be combined with each other and have corresponding technical effects.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bi-component injector based on liquid oxygen and liquid methane, for connection with the head of a nozzle, characterized in that, At least including: The injection plate includes a spark plug, a liquid oxygen collection chamber, and a liquid methane collection chamber. A cylindrical structure is provided at the center of the injection plate, and the spark plug is installed inside the cylindrical structure with the ignition component located close to the nozzle side. The injection disc is a double-layer panel structure with a sealed cavity. Multiple connecting posts are provided in the cavity, and the connecting posts are evenly distributed between the upper panel and the lower panel. At least some of the connecting posts are provided with injection holes that penetrate the upper panel and the lower panel. The liquid oxygen collection chamber and the liquid methane collection chamber are located on the outer end face of the upper panel and are respectively connected to the nozzle through injection holes opened on the connecting column; both the upper panel and the lower panel are provided with cooling holes, which are connected to the liquid methane collection chamber, the cavity and the nozzle. Liquid oxygen in the storage tank is guided to the liquid oxygen collection chamber and flows through the injection hole to be sprayed into the nozzle; liquid methane in the storage tank is guided to the liquid methane collection chamber, at least part of which flows through the injection hole to be sprayed into the nozzle, and the remaining part enters the cavity through the cooling hole, vaporizes, and is then sprayed into the nozzle.

2. The bi-component injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper and lower panels of the double-layer panel structure are stepped structures that fit together.

3. The bi-component injector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer end face of the upper panel is provided with a first annular groove and a second annular groove along the radial coaxial direction; wherein, the first annular groove cooperates with the oxygen chamber cover plate to form the liquid oxygen collection chamber, and the second annular groove cooperates with the methane chamber cover plate to form the liquid methane collection chamber.

4. The bicomponent injector according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bottom of the first annular groove has a stepped structure where the outer ring is higher than the inner ring; the bottom of the second annular groove has a stepped structure where the inner ring is higher than the outer ring.

5. The bi-component injector according to claim 4, characterized in that, The injection holes include a liquid oxygen injection hole formed in the first annular groove and a liquid methane injection hole formed in the second annular groove. The liquid oxygen injection holes are evenly distributed in the inner and outer rings of the bottom of the first annular groove, wherein the number of liquid oxygen injection holes in the outer ring is 2 to 3 times that in the inner ring. The liquid methane injection holes are evenly distributed in the inner and outer rings of the bottom of the second annular groove, wherein the number of liquid methane injection holes in the outer ring is 2 to 3 times that in the inner ring.

6. The bi-component injector according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cooling holes include liquid film cooling holes and gas film cooling holes; The liquid film cooling holes are evenly distributed in the inner ring of the second annular groove, and are used to connect the liquid methane collection chamber and the cavity; The air film cooling holes are evenly distributed on the inner and outer rings of the lower panel, and are used to connect the cavity and the nozzle.

7. The bicomponent injector according to claim 6, characterized in that, The film cooling holes include main area film cooling holes located near the spark plug on the inner ring of the lower panel, and edge area film cooling holes located on the outer ring of the lower panel. After the liquid methane in the cavity is heated and vaporized, at least a portion of it is ejected through the main zone film cooling hole to cool the spark plug, and the remaining portion is ejected through the side zone film cooling hole to cool the nozzle.

8. The bicomponent injector according to claim 5, characterized in that, Both the liquid oxygen injection hole and the liquid methane injection hole are pointed at the same focal region at a certain angle, so that the injected liquid oxygen and liquid methane collide in the focal region.

9. The bicomponent injector according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Liquid oxygen in the storage tank flows through the liquid oxygen valve to the liquid oxygen collection chamber, and liquid methane in the storage tank flows through the liquid methane valve to the liquid methane collection chamber; the liquid oxygen valve is installed on the injection plate through the liquid oxygen valve seat and is connected to the liquid oxygen collection chamber; the liquid methane valve is installed on the injection plate through the liquid methane valve seat and is connected to the liquid methane collection chamber.

10. An attitude control engine, characterized in that, It includes at least the liquid oxygen methane-based bicomponent injector and nozzle as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the injector is disposed at the head of the nozzle.

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