A method for the conservation and restoration of cultural relics with incomplete integrity based on planar support

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for the incomplete protection and restoration of cultural relics based on planar support, belonging to the field of cultural relic restoration. The method includes: establishing a three-dimensional model of the cultural relic fragment to be restored; fabricating a base plate and a cover plate and creating a fragment fixing groove; creating a neodymium iron boron strong magnet mounting groove; assembling the base plate and cover plate; and conducting a comprehensive inspection of the restored cultural relic. This invention solves the problems of existing technologies that obscure part of the surface of the cultural relic fragment, making it difficult to guarantee the stability of the fixation and easily causing compression damage to the fragment. This invention achieves precise fitting and fixation of the cultural relic fragment, further ensuring the stability of the fragment within the support, effectively preventing displacement or tipping of the fragment during movement or display, maximizing the presentation of the original form of the cultural relic fragment, effectively avoiding secondary damage such as friction and compression from the support, and reducing the impact of external impacts on the fragment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cultural relic restoration technology, specifically to a method for the protection and restoration of cultural relics with incomplete integrity based on planar support. Background Technology

[0002] Cultural relics can suffer from fractures and damage. Fractures refer to the disintegration of a relic from its whole due to external forces or corrosion, while damage refers to the loss of a portion of its structure. Affected by both fractures and damage, fragments of a relic can reflect parts of its shape, but cannot be pieced together to form a complete artifact. Such relics must be preserved in fragmented form, but the relative positions of these fragments are difficult to fix, threatening the object's safety. Furthermore, when exhibited, the assembled fragments cannot reveal the artifact's shape or structure.

[0003] Traditional methods of protecting cultural relic fragments often involve wrapping them in foam or soft cloth, or using simple plastic supports. While wrapping with foam or soft cloth can prevent direct collisions between the fragments and hard objects to some extent, it cannot achieve precise positioning and fixation of the fragments. During movement or display, the fragments are prone to shifting or tipping over, which not only affects the display effect but may also cause secondary damage such as wear and tear or bumps.

[0004] While simple plastic supports can provide some positioning for artifact fragments, the opaque nature of these supports obscures parts of the fragments' surface, hindering researchers' observation and study of details such as surface patterns, materials, and damage. Furthermore, traditional plastic supports are often poorly manufactured, resulting in poor fit and unstable fixation. Additionally, the contact points between the support and the fragments are prone to pressure-induced damage. Therefore, these methods do not meet current needs. To address this, we propose a planar support-based method for the conservation and restoration of artifacts with incomplete integrity. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for the protection and restoration of incomplete cultural relics based on planar support. This method achieves precise fitting and fixation of cultural relic fragments, further ensuring the stability of the fragments within the support and effectively preventing displacement or tipping during movement or display. The transparent support maximizes the presentation of the original form of the cultural relic fragments, enhancing the display effect. By filling the contact area between the fragment and the fragment fixing groove with special acrylic adhesive, and with the neodymium iron boron strong magnet completely embedded inside the support and not in direct contact with the cultural relic fragment, secondary damage such as friction and compression to the cultural relic fragment is effectively avoided. In addition, the acrylic material has good impact resistance, providing reliable protection for the cultural relic fragment and reducing the impact of external impacts on the fragment, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for the protection and restoration of cultural relics with incomplete integrity based on planar support, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Use 3D scanning technology to obtain the fragmented morphological data of incomplete cultural relics and establish a 3D model of the fragments of the cultural relics to be restored;

[0008] S2: Based on the three-dimensional model of the cultural relic fragment to be restored, make a base plate and cover plate that are perfectly matched to the bottom and surrounding contours of the missing area of ​​the cultural relic. The base plate and cover plate cooperate with each other to form a flat support plate, and make fragment fixing grooves on the base plate and cover plate.

[0009] S3: At the corresponding positions of the connection between the base plate and the cover plate, neodymium iron boron strong magnet mounting grooves are respectively opened, and the neodymium iron boron strong magnets are embedded in the mounting grooves;

[0010] S4: Place the artifact fragments one by one into the fragment fixing groove of the base plate, align the cover plate with the base plate, and use the strong magnetic attraction force of neodymium iron boron embedded in the cover plate and the base plate to complete the assembly.

[0011] S5: Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the restored cultural relics. Once the inspection is passed, place the cultural relics in a customized constant temperature and humidity display environment.

[0012] Preferably, the step of using 3D scanning technology to acquire the fragmented morphological data of incomplete cultural relics and establishing a 3D model of the fragments of the cultural relics to be restored specifically includes:

[0013] Complete three-dimensional data of the cultural relic fragments to be restored are obtained by three-dimensional scanning technology, and high-definition digital photography is used to record the surface patterns, material aging degree and boundary characteristics of the fragments to be restored.

[0014] The complete three-dimensional data of the cultural relic fragments to be restored, as well as the surface patterns, material aging degree, and fragment boundary characteristics, were analyzed.

[0015] Based on the analysis results, the specific parameters of the missing parts of the cultural relic to be repaired are determined. The specific parameters of the missing parts of the cultural relic to be repaired are then imported into the computer to establish a three-dimensional model of the cultural relic fragments to be repaired.

[0016] Preferably, the fabrication of the base plate and cover plate, which perfectly fit the bottom and surrounding contours of the damaged area of ​​the cultural relic, specifically includes:

[0017] Based on the obtained three-dimensional model data of the cultural relic fragments to be restored, the placement of each fragment on the base plate is planned using computer-aided design software.

[0018] CNC engraving technology is used to create slots for fixing fragments at each planned placement position on the base plate.

[0019] The inner wall of the groove for fixing the finished fragment is smoothed by sanding with fine sandpaper and then polished.

[0020] Preferably, the step of planning the placement of each fragment on the base plate based on the acquired three-dimensional model data of the cultural relic fragments to be restored using computer-aided design software specifically includes:

[0021] Import the 3D model of the cultural relic fragments to be restored into computer-aided design software, and simulate the placement of the fragments on the 3D model of the base plate.

[0022] After the planning is completed, the machining path of the fixing groove of the fragment is generated based on the outer contour data of the 3D model of the fragment.

[0023] Preferably, the step of using CNC engraving technology to create a scrap fixing groove on the base plate for each planned scrap placement position specifically includes:

[0024] A CNC engraving machine is used to carve the residual block fixing groove on the base plate, and the carving is carried out in multiple times according to the depth of the residual block fixing groove.

[0025] The carving accuracy is monitored in real time during the carving process, and the dimensional deviation of the residual block fixing groove is detected by a laser diameter gauge.

[0026] After the groove for fixing the residual block is carved, check whether the bottom of the groove remains intact and transparent;

[0027] If the groove for fixing the fragment is scratched or damaged due to engraving errors, gently sand the bottom of the groove with fine sandpaper, and then polish it with polishing compound to restore the transparency of the groove bottom.

[0028] Preferably, the step of creating neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) strong magnet mounting grooves at corresponding positions at the connection between the base plate and the cover plate, and embedding the NdFeB strong magnets within the mounting grooves, specifically includes:

[0029] Neodymium iron boron strong magnet mounting slots are respectively opened at the corresponding positions of the connection between the base plate and the cover plate. The neodymium iron boron strong magnet mounting slots of the base plate are set as countersunk hole structures. The number of neodymium iron boron strong magnet mounting slots is determined according to the size of the flat support plate.

[0030] The required magnetic strength of the neodymium iron boron magnet is calculated based on the weight of the base plate and the cover plate, and an anti-corrosion coating is wrapped around the outer layer of the neodymium iron boron magnet.

[0031] Embed the neodymium iron boron strong magnet into the countersunk hole of the base plate, fill the gap between the countersunk hole and the neodymium iron boron strong magnet with transparent acrylic glue, and after the glue has completely cured, use fine sandpaper to polish the surface of the base plate.

[0032] Preferably, the step of placing the artifact fragments one by one into the fragment fixing groove of the base plate, and completing the assembly by utilizing the strong magnetic attraction force of neodymium iron boron embedded in the cover plate and the base plate, specifically includes:

[0033] Clean the mounting grooves for the fragments on the base plate, removing dust and debris from the grooves, and clean the surface of the artifact fragments.

[0034] According to the pre-planned placement of the fragments, each fragment of the cultural relic is gently placed into its corresponding fragment fixing slot;

[0035] After all the remaining pieces are placed, align the cover plate with the base plate and use the strong magnetic attraction of the neodymium iron boron embedded in the cover plate and base plate to make the cover plate and base plate fit tightly together, thus completing the assembly of the support.

[0036] If there are tiny gaps between the artifact fragments and the fragment fixing grooves, appropriate repairs should be carried out based on the original material and surface characteristics of the artifacts.

[0037] After assembly, cover the bottom of the base plate and the top of the cover plate with a peelable transparent PET protective film.

[0038] Preferably, the cleaning of the surface of the cultural relic fragments specifically includes:

[0039] Use a soft-bristled brush to dry clean the artifacts to be restored, removing surface dust and dirt;

[0040] During the dry cleaning process, a neutral cleaning agent is used to wet clean the cultural relics to be restored. After cleaning, the remaining fragments of the cultural relics to be restored are dried in a constant temperature and humidity environment.

[0041] For artifact fragments with minor cracks or fragile areas on the surface, a low-concentration acrylic resin is used for reinforcement.

[0042] Preferably, the restoration based on the original material and surface characteristics of the cultural relic specifically includes:

[0043] Based on the original material and surface characteristics of the cultural relic, prepare a filling material with the same color and texture as the cultural relic itself;

[0044] Micro-manipulation tools are used to fill the missing parts of the cultural relics with filling materials. During the filling process, a microscope is used to observe in real time to ensure that the filling part transitions naturally with the surrounding area.

[0045] After the filling is completed, the filled area is surface-refined to restore the continuity of the surface decoration of the cultural relic. Non-destructive testing technology is used to monitor the process in real time.

[0046] Preferably, the process of conducting a comprehensive inspection of the restored cultural relics, and placing them in a customized temperature and humidity-controlled display or storage environment after passing the inspection, specifically includes:

[0047] A comprehensive inspection was conducted on the restored cultural relics, including tests on structural stability, material compatibility, and the integrity of surface decorations.

[0048] If the test results meet the standards for the protection and restoration of cultural relics, the cultural relics will be placed in a customized constant temperature and humidity display environment.

[0049] If the test results do not meet the standards, a second repair will be carried out until the standard requirements are met before placing it in a customized constant temperature and humidity display environment.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0051] This invention achieves precise fitting and fixation of artifact fragments, further ensuring the stability of the fragments within the support and effectively preventing displacement or tipping during movement or display. The entire support is made of fully transparent acrylic material, allowing researchers to clearly observe the surface patterns, materials, and defects of the artifact fragments from various angles without affecting research work. The transparent support maximizes the presentation of the original form of the artifact fragments, enhancing the display effect. By filling the contact area between the fragment and the fragment fixing groove with special acrylic adhesive, and with the neodymium iron boron strong magnet completely embedded inside the support and not in direct contact with the artifact fragment, secondary damage such as friction and compression from the support is effectively avoided. In addition, the acrylic material has excellent impact resistance, providing reliable protection for the artifact fragments and reducing the impact of external impacts on the fragments. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for the protection and restoration of cultural relics with incomplete integrity based on planar support according to the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the planar support plate of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the base plate structure of the present invention.

[0055] In the diagram: 1. Base plate; 2. Cover plate; 3. Neodymium iron boron strong magnet; 4. Neodymium iron boron strong magnet fixing groove; 5. Residual block fixing groove. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] To address the issues that existing technologies often use opaque materials, which obscure parts of the artifact fragments, resulting in poor adhesion and unstable fixation, and that the contact points between the support and the artifact fragments are prone to pressure concentration and damage, please refer to [the relevant documentation / reference]. Figures 1-3 This embodiment provides the following technical solution:

[0058] A method for the conservation and restoration of cultural relics with incomplete integrity based on planar support includes the following steps:

[0059] S1: Use 3D scanning technology to obtain the fragmented morphological data of incomplete cultural relics and establish a 3D model of the fragments of the cultural relics to be restored;

[0060] S2: Based on the three-dimensional model of the cultural relic fragment to be restored, make a base plate 1 and a cover plate 2 that are completely adapted to the bottom and surrounding contours of the missing area of ​​the cultural relic. The base plate 1 and the cover plate 2 cooperate with each other to form a flat support plate, and a fragment fixing groove 5 is opened on the base plate 1 and the cover plate 2. A flexible buffer layer for non-destructive fixing of the cultural relic is set on the surface of the flat support plate, and a channel for injecting reinforcing agent is reserved.

[0061] S3: At the corresponding positions of the connection between the base plate 1 and the cover plate 2, neodymium iron boron strong magnet mounting grooves 4 are respectively opened, and neodymium iron boron strong magnets 3 are embedded in the mounting grooves;

[0062] S4: Place the cultural relic fragments one by one into the fragment fixing groove 5 of the base plate 1. The fragments are fixed by matching the shape and size of the fragment fixing groove 5 with the fragments. Align the cover plate 2 with the base plate 1 and use the adsorption force of the neodymium iron boron strong magnet 3 embedded in the cover plate 2 and the base plate 1 to complete the assembly, thereby realizing the protection and restoration of the cultural relic fragments.

[0063] S5: Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the restored cultural relics. Once the inspection is passed, place the cultural relics in a customized constant temperature and humidity display environment.

[0064] Three-dimensional scanning technology is used to acquire fragmented morphological data of incomplete cultural relics, and three-dimensional model data of the fragments of the cultural relics to be restored are established, specifically including:

[0065] Complete three-dimensional data of the cultural relic fragments to be restored are obtained through three-dimensional scanning technology, including the boundary contour, depth and surface curvature of the missing area. High-definition digital photography is used to record the surface texture, material aging degree and missing boundary characteristics of the cultural relic fragments to be restored.

[0066] The complete three-dimensional data of the cultural relic fragments to be restored, as well as the surface patterns, material aging degree, and fragment boundary characteristics, were analyzed.

[0067] Based on the analysis results, the specific parameters of the damaged parts of the cultural relic to be restored are determined. The specific parameters of the damaged parts of the cultural relic to be restored are imported into the computer to establish a three-dimensional model of the cultural relic fragments to be restored, providing accurate data support for the customization of the planar support device and subsequent restoration steps.

[0068] The fabrication of a base plate 1 and a cover plate 2 that perfectly match the bottom and surrounding contours of the damaged area of ​​the cultural relic includes:

[0069] Based on the acquired three-dimensional model data of the cultural relic fragments to be restored, the placement of each fragment on the base plate 1 is planned using computer-aided design software;

[0070] Using CNC engraving technology, fragment fixing grooves 5 are created on the base plate 1 for each planned placement position. The shape of the fixing groove 5 is kept within ≤4mm of the corresponding artifact fragment's edge plane. This margin ensures that the fragment, once placed in the groove, fits snugly against the groove wall, preventing significant movement and guaranteeing stability. The depth of the fixing groove 5 is kept within ≤2mm of the thickest part of the corresponding artifact fragment. This design allows most of the fragment to be embedded in the groove, achieving circumferential fixation through the groove wall, while avoiding excessive depth leading to excessive protrusion and vulnerability to collisions, or excessive depth causing excessive obstruction and hindering exhibition observation. Simultaneously, the bottom of the fixing groove 5 must maintain a complete transparent acrylic structure without any cutting or obstruction, ensuring clear observation of the fragment's bottom details from below the base plate 1, enhancing the overall comprehensiveness of the exhibition.

[0071] The inner wall of the finished fragment fixing groove 5 is smoothed by using fine sandpaper to polish it, so that the surface roughness Ra of the inner wall is ≤1.6μm. This eliminates burrs, scratches and other defects on the groove wall and prevents the groove wall from scratching the key information such as patterns and paintings on the surface of the cultural relic fragment when placing or removing the fragment.

[0072] Based on the acquired 3D model data of the cultural relic fragments to be restored, computer-aided design software is used to plan the placement of each fragment on the base plate 1, specifically including:

[0073] The 3D model of the artifact fragments to be restored is imported into computer-aided design software. The placement of the fragments is simulated on the 3D model of base plate 1. The placement must adhere to the principle of restoring the original shape. Based on the structural characteristics of the original artifact, the fragments are arranged according to their relative positions on the complete artifact. For example, fragments at the rim correspond to the upper area of ​​base plate 1, and fragments at the bottom correspond to the lower area of ​​base plate 1, ensuring that the original relationship between the artifact fragments can be visually presented during exhibition. At the same time, the strong magnetic mounting area at the edge of base plate 1 must be avoided to prevent interference between the fragment fixing groove 5 and the strong magnetic mounting groove.

[0074] After the planning is completed, the processing path of the fixing groove 5 of the residual block is generated based on the outer contour data of the three-dimensional model of the residual block.

[0075] Using CNC engraving technology, slots 5 for fixing fragments are created on the base plate 1 for each planned placement position of the fragments. Specifically, this includes:

[0076] A CNC engraving machine is used to engrave the residual block fixing groove 5 on the base plate 1. A flat end mill with a diameter of 1-3mm is selected as the engraving tool. The engraving is carried out in multiple times according to the depth of the residual block fixing groove 5 (each engraving depth is 1-2mm) to avoid the groove wall from cracking or deforming due to excessive engraving depth in a single engraving.

[0077] During the carving process, the carving accuracy is monitored in real time. The dimensional deviation of the fragment fixing groove 5 is detected by a laser diameter measuring instrument. Specifically, the 3D model of the fragment is compared with the 3D model of the fragment fixing groove 5 to calculate the maximum deviation value at the edge. This ensures that the error between the shape inside the fragment fixing groove 5 and the edge plane of the corresponding cultural relic fragment is ≤4mm, and the difference between the depth inside the fragment fixing groove 5 and the thickest part of the corresponding cultural relic fragment is ≤2mm (for example, if the thickest part of the fragment is 10mm, the depth of the fragment fixing groove 5 can be set to 8-12mm). For fragments with raised patterns on the surface, an avoidance groove needs to be opened at the corresponding pattern position in the fragment fixing groove 5. The depth of the avoidance groove is determined according to the height of the raised pattern to ensure that the raised part of the pattern can be completely embedded in the avoidance groove. The difference between the depth of the avoidance groove and the height of the raised pattern is ≤0.3mm to avoid damage to the pattern under pressure during assembly or transportation.

[0078] After the residual block fixing groove 5 is carved, check whether the bottom of the groove remains intact and transparent;

[0079] If the groove 5 for fixing the fragment is scratched or damaged due to engraving errors, gently sand the bottom of the groove with fine sandpaper and then polish it with polishing compound to restore the transparency of the groove bottom.

[0080] Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) strong magnet mounting grooves 4 are respectively opened at the corresponding positions of the connection between the base plate 1 and the cover plate 2, and the NdFeB strong magnet 3 is embedded in the mounting groove, specifically including:

[0081] Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) strong magnet mounting slots 4 are respectively opened at the corresponding positions of the connection between the base plate 1 and the cover plate 2. The NdFeB strong magnet mounting slots 4 of the base plate 1 are designed as countersunk holes to enhance the connection between the NdFeB strong magnets 3 and the base plate 1. The number of NdFeB strong magnet mounting slots 4 is determined according to the size of the flat support plate. Generally, they are evenly distributed on the edge of the support (e.g., one every 10-15cm) to ensure uniform force during connection. The size of the NdFeB strong magnets 3 must be compatible with the size of the selected strong magnets to ensure that the strong magnets can be tightly embedded in the slots and avoid shaking.

[0082] The required magnetic strength of the neodymium iron boron magnet 3 is calculated based on the weight of the base plate 1 and the cover plate 2. Generally, the magnetic force of each neodymium iron boron magnet 3 should be able to withstand 1.5-2 times the weight of the cover plate 2 to prevent accidental collisions from causing the cover plate 2 to fall off. An anti-corrosion coating, such as an epoxy resin coating, is wrapped around the outer layer of the neodymium iron boron magnet 3 to prevent the neodymium iron boron magnet 3 from rusting during long-term use and causing pollution from rust stains on the cultural relic fragments.

[0083] The neodymium iron boron magnet 3 is embedded in the countersunk hole of the base plate 1. Transparent acrylic adhesive is filled into the gap between the countersunk hole and the neodymium iron boron magnet 3. After the adhesive has completely cured, the surface of the base plate 1 is polished with fine sandpaper to make the surface of the base plate 1 flat and transparent, without any protrusions or gaps. This strengthens the connection between the neodymium iron boron magnet 3 and the base plate 1 without affecting the light transmittance of the base plate 1 or the stability of the remaining piece. The special acrylic adhesive has good bonding strength and light transmittance, which can increase the connection between the neodymium iron boron magnet 3 and the base plate 1 without affecting the overall light transmittance of the support.

[0084] The artifact fragments are placed one by one into the fragment fixing groove 5 of the base plate 1, and the assembly is completed by the attraction force of the cover plate 2 and the neodymium iron boron strong magnet 3 embedded in the base plate 1. Specifically, the assembly includes:

[0085] Clean the fragment fixing groove 5 of the base plate 1, remove dust and debris from the fragment fixing groove 5, and clean the surface of the cultural relic fragment to avoid impurities from contaminating the cultural relic fragment or affecting the fixing effect.

[0086] According to the pre-planned placement of the fragments, each fragment of the cultural relic is gently placed into the corresponding fragment fixing groove 5. Since the fragment fixing groove 5 is precisely matched with the shape and size of the fragment, the fragment can be stably fixed after being placed in through the limiting effect of the groove wall, and there will be no obvious horizontal or vertical displacement.

[0087] After all the fragments are placed, align the cover plate 2 with the base plate 1. Use the adsorption force of the neodymium iron boron strong magnets 3 embedded in the cover plate 2 and the base plate 1 to make the cover plate 2 and the base plate 1 fit tightly together, thus completing the assembly of the support. The assembly process does not require any tools and is simple and quick to operate. If it is necessary to remove the fragments for research or inspection later, simply separate the cover plate 2 and the base plate 1 gently without causing any damage to the fragments.

[0088] If there is a small gap between the artifact fragment and the fragment fixing groove 5, appropriate repairs shall be carried out according to the original material and surface characteristics of the artifact.

[0089] After assembly, a peelable transparent PET protective film is applied to the bottom surface of base plate 1 and the top surface of cover plate 2. The thickness of the protective film is selected to be 0.03-0.08mm, which provides good scratch and dust protection without significantly affecting the light transmittance of the support. When it is necessary to display cultural relics or observe fragments, the protective film can be peeled off directly. After peeling, there are no adhesive residues on the support surface, ensuring that the display effect is not affected. After the display or observation is completed, a new protective film can be applied to achieve repeated protection of the support.

[0090] Cleaning the surface of the artifact fragments includes:

[0091] Use a soft-bristled brush to dry clean the artifacts to be restored (sweep dust with a lint-free soft-bristled brush and blow air through gaps) to remove surface dust and dirt;

[0092] During the dry cleaning process, a neutral cleaning agent is used to wet clean the cultural relics to be restored to avoid corroding the fragments. After cleaning, the fragments are dried under constant temperature and humidity.

[0093] For artifact fragments with minor cracks or fragile areas on the surface, a low-concentration acrylic resin is used for reinforcement to ensure the safety of the artifact fragments during subsequent operations.

[0094] The restoration is carried out according to the original material and surface characteristics of the cultural relic, specifically including:

[0095] Based on the original material and surface characteristics of the cultural relic, prepare a filling material with the same color and texture as the cultural relic itself;

[0096] Micro-manipulation tools are used to fill the missing parts of the cultural relics with filling materials. During the filling process, a microscope is used to observe in real time to ensure that the filling part transitions naturally with the surrounding area.

[0097] After the filling is completed, the filled area is surface-refined to restore the continuity of the surface decoration of the cultural relic. During the refining process, non-destructive testing technology is used for real-time monitoring to avoid damaging the original information of the cultural relic.

[0098] After restoration, the cultural relics undergo comprehensive testing. Once the testing is passed, the relics are placed in a customized temperature and humidity controlled display or storage environment, which includes:

[0099] A comprehensive inspection was conducted on the restored cultural relics, including tests on structural stability, material compatibility, and the integrity of surface decorations.

[0100] If the test results meet the standards for the protection and restoration of cultural relics, the cultural relics will be placed in a customized constant temperature and humidity display environment.

[0101] If the test results do not meet the standards, a second repair will be carried out until the standard requirements are met before placing it in a customized constant temperature and humidity display environment.

[0102] In summary, the present invention provides a method for the protection and restoration of incomplete cultural relics based on planar support, which achieves a planar error of ≤4mm between the base plate and the edge of the cultural relic fragment, and a depth difference of ≤2mm between the base plate and the thickest part of the fragment. The fragment fixing groove 5 achieves precise fitting and fixation of the artifact fragments. Simultaneously, the base plate 1 and cover plate 2 are tightly connected by embedded strong magnets, further ensuring the stability of the fragments within the support and effectively preventing displacement or tipping during movement or display. The entire support is made of fully transparent acrylic material, with the base plate 1, cover plate 2, and groove bottom all maintaining excellent transparency with a light transmittance of ≥90%. Researchers can clearly observe the surface patterns, materials, and defects of the artifact fragments from various angles without affecting research work. Furthermore, the transparent support maximizes the presentation of the artifact fragments' original form, enhancing the display effect. By filling the contact area between the fragments and the fixing groove 5 with special acrylic adhesive, and with the neodymium iron boron strong magnet 3 completely embedded within the support and not in direct contact with the artifact fragments, secondary damage such as friction and compression from the support is effectively avoided. In addition, the acrylic material has excellent impact resistance, providing reliable protection for the artifact fragments and reducing the impact of external shocks.

[0103] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0104] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for the conservation and restoration of cultural relics with incomplete integrity based on planar support, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Using 3D scanning technology to acquire data on the incomplete morphology of cultural relics, a 3D model of the fragments to be restored is established, specifically including: Complete three-dimensional data of the cultural relic fragments to be restored are obtained by three-dimensional scanning technology, and high-definition digital photography is used to record the surface patterns, material aging degree and boundary characteristics of the fragments to be restored. The complete three-dimensional data of the cultural relic fragments to be restored, as well as the surface patterns, material aging degree, and fragment boundary characteristics, were analyzed. Based on the analysis results, the specific parameters of the damaged parts of the cultural relic to be repaired are determined, and the specific parameters of the damaged parts of the cultural relic to be repaired are imported into the computer to establish a three-dimensional model of the damaged parts of the cultural relic to be repaired. S2: Import the 3D model of the artifact fragment to be restored into computer-aided design software, and simulate the placement of the fragment on the 3D model of the base plate; after planning, generate the processing path of the fragment fixing groove based on the outer contour data of the fragment 3D model; use a CNC engraving machine to engrave the fragment fixing groove on the base plate, and engrave multiple times according to the depth of the fragment fixing groove; monitor the engraving accuracy in real time during the engraving process, and detect the dimensional deviation of the fragment fixing groove through a laser diameter measuring instrument; after the fragment fixing groove is engraved, check whether the bottom of the groove is intact and transparent; if the fragment fixing groove is scratched or damaged due to engraving error, lightly sand the bottom of the groove with fine sandpaper, and then polish it with polishing paste to restore the transparency of the bottom of the groove. Smooth the inner wall of the processed fragment fixing groove, sand it with fine sandpaper and then polish it. Use the base plate and cover plate to form a flat support plate, and open the fragment fixing groove on the base plate and cover plate. S3: Neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnet mounting grooves are made at corresponding positions at the connection between the base plate and the cover plate. The NdFeB magnets are then embedded within the mounting grooves. Specifically, this includes: Neodymium iron boron strong magnet mounting slots are respectively opened at the corresponding positions of the connection between the base plate and the cover plate. The neodymium iron boron strong magnet mounting slots of the base plate are set as countersunk hole structures. The number of neodymium iron boron strong magnet mounting slots is determined according to the size of the flat support plate. The required magnetic strength of the neodymium iron boron magnet is calculated based on the weight of the base plate and the cover plate, and an anti-corrosion coating is wrapped around the outer layer of the neodymium iron boron magnet. Embed the neodymium iron boron strong magnet in the countersunk hole of the base plate, fill the gap between the countersunk hole and the neodymium iron boron strong magnet with transparent acrylic glue, and after the glue has completely cured, use fine sandpaper to polish the surface of the base plate. S4: Place the artifact fragments one by one into the fragment fixing groove of the base plate, align the cover plate with the base plate, and use the strong magnetic attraction force of neodymium iron boron embedded in the cover plate and the base plate to complete the assembly. S5: Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the restored cultural relics. Once the inspection is passed, place the cultural relics in a customized constant temperature and humidity display environment.

2. The method for the conservation and restoration of cultural relics based on planar support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves placing the artifact fragments one by one into the fragment fixing grooves on the base plate, aligning the cover plate with the base plate, and assembling the artifacts using the strong magnetic attraction of neodymium iron boron magnets embedded in the cover plate and base plate. Specifically, this includes: Clean the mounting grooves for the fragments on the base plate, removing dust and debris from the grooves, and clean the surface of the artifact fragments. According to the pre-planned placement of the fragments, each fragment of the cultural relic is gently placed into its corresponding fragment fixing slot; After all the remaining pieces are placed, align the cover plate with the base plate and use the strong magnetic attraction of the neodymium iron boron embedded in the cover plate and base plate to make the cover plate and base plate fit tightly together, thus completing the assembly of the support. If there are tiny gaps between the artifact fragments and the fragment fixing grooves, appropriate repairs should be carried out based on the original material and surface characteristics of the artifacts. After assembly, cover the bottom of the base plate and the top of the cover plate with a peelable transparent PET protective film.

3. The method for the conservation and restoration of cultural relics based on planar support according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cleaning of the surface of the cultural relic fragments specifically includes: Use a soft-bristled brush to dry clean the artifacts to be restored, removing surface dust and dirt; During the dry cleaning process, a neutral cleaning agent is used to wet clean the cultural relics to be restored. After cleaning, the remaining fragments of the cultural relics to be restored are dried in a constant temperature and humidity environment. For artifact fragments with minor cracks or fragile areas on the surface, a low-concentration acrylic resin is used for reinforcement.

4. The method for the conservation and restoration of cultural relics based on planar support according to claim 2, characterized in that, The restoration work, based on the original material and surface characteristics of the cultural relic, specifically includes: Based on the original material and surface characteristics of the cultural relic, prepare a filling material with the same color and texture as the cultural relic itself; Micro-manipulation tools are used to fill the missing parts of the cultural relics with filling materials. During the filling process, a microscope is used to observe in real time to ensure that the filling part transitions naturally with the surrounding area. After the filling is completed, the filled area is surface-refined to restore the continuity of the surface decoration of the cultural relic. Non-destructive testing technology is used to monitor the process in real time.

5. A method for the conservation and restoration of cultural relics based on planar support according to claim 1, characterized in that, The restored cultural relics undergo comprehensive testing. Once the testing is passed, the relics are placed in a customized temperature and humidity controlled display environment, specifically including: A comprehensive inspection was conducted on the restored cultural relics, including tests on structural stability, material compatibility, and the integrity of surface decorations. If the test results meet the standards for the protection and restoration of cultural relics, the cultural relics will be placed in a customized constant temperature and humidity display environment. If the test results do not meet the standards, a second repair will be carried out until the standard requirements are met before placing it in a customized constant temperature and humidity display environment.

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