Communication method and communication device

Abstract

The invention provides a communication method and communication equipment. The communication method comprises the following steps: a first device receives a reference signal sent by a second device, wherein the reference signal is used for determining path loss between the first device and the second device; wherein the reference signal comprises at least one of the following: a preamble; the type information is used for indicating that the reference signal is used for determining the path loss; a measurement section for measuring a reception power of the reference signal; the protection interval is positioned in front of the measuring part; and a tail part.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of communication, and more particularly, to a communication method and a communication device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In a communication system, a terminal device can determine path loss by measuring a reference signal of the path loss, so that a network device controls a transmit power of the terminal device based on the path loss. Then, for some low-complexity devices (such as Ambient IoT (A-IoT) devices), how to design the reference signal of the path loss becomes a problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a communication method and a communication device. The following introduces each aspect of the present application.

[0004] In a first aspect, a communication method is provided, comprising: receiving, by a first device, a reference signal sent by a second device, the reference signal being used to determine a path loss between the first device and the second device; wherein the reference signal comprises at least one of the following: a preamble; type information, used to indicate that the reference signal is a reference signal used to determine a path loss; a measurement part, used to measure a received power of the reference signal; a guard interval, located before the measurement part; and a tail part.

[0005] In a second aspect, a communication method is provided, comprising: sending, by a second device, a reference signal to a first device, the reference signal being used to determine a path loss between the first device and the second device; wherein the reference signal comprises at least one of the following: a preamble; type information, used to indicate that the reference signal is a reference signal used to determine a path loss; a measurement part, used to measure a received power of the reference signal; a guard interval, located before the measurement part; and a tail part.

[0006] In a third aspect, a communication device is provided, the communication device being a first device, and the communication device comprising: a receiving module, configured to receive a reference signal sent by a second device, the reference signal being used to determine a path loss between the first device and the second device; wherein the reference signal comprises at least one of the following: a preamble; type information, used to indicate that the reference signal is a reference signal used to determine a path loss; a measurement part, used to measure a received power of the reference signal; a guard interval, located before the measurement part; and a tail part.

[0007] In a fourth aspect, a communication device is provided, the communication device being a second device, the communication device comprising: a sending module configured to send a reference signal to a first device, the reference signal being used to determine a path loss between the first device and the second device; wherein the reference signal comprises at least one of: a preamble; type information indicating that the reference signal is a reference signal used to determine a path loss; a measurement part used to measure a received power of the reference signal; a guard interval located before the measurement part; and a tail part.

[0008] In a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising a processor, a memory, and a communication interface, the memory being configured to store one or more computer programs, and the processor being configured to invoke the computer program in the memory to cause the communication device to perform some or all of the steps in the method of the first aspect.

[0009] In a sixth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising a processor, a memory, and a communication interface, the memory being configured to store one or more computer programs, and the processor being configured to invoke the computer program in the memory to cause the communication device to perform some or all of the steps in the method of the second aspect.

[0010] In a seventh aspect, a communication system is provided, comprising the communication device described above. In another possible design, the system can further comprise other devices interacting with the communication device in the solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0011] In an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores a computer program, and the computer program causes a computer to perform some or all of the steps in the methods of the aspects described above.

[0012] In a ninth aspect, a computer program product is provided, which comprises a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and the computer program is operable to cause a computer to perform some or all of the steps in the methods of the aspects described above. In some implementations, the computer program product can be a software installation package.

[0013] In a tenth aspect, a chip is provided, which comprises a memory and a processor, and the processor can invoke and run a computer program from the memory to implement some or all of the steps described in the methods of the aspects described above.

[0014] The reference signal includes at least one of a preamble, type information, a measurement part, a guard interval, and a tail part. In this way, the first device and / or the second device can determine a path loss between the first device and the second device through the reference signal, and adjust a transmission power of the first device according to the determined path loss, so as to alleviate interference between different devices. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is an example diagram of a system architecture to which embodiments of the present application are applicable.

[0016] Figure 2 is another example diagram of a system architecture to which embodiments of the present application are applicable.

[0017] Figure 3 is yet another example diagram of a system architecture to which embodiments of the present application are applicable.

[0018] Figure 4 is yet another example diagram of a system architecture to which embodiments of the present application are applicable.

[0019] Figure 5 is yet another example diagram of a system architecture to which embodiments of the present application are applicable.

[0020] Figure 6 is a flowchart of a communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Figure 7 is a structure diagram of a reference signal provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 8 is a structure diagram of a reference signal provided by another embodiment of the present application.

[0023] Figure 9 is a structure diagram of a reference signal provided by yet another embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 10 is a structure diagram of a reference signal provided by yet another embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 11 is a structure diagram of a reference signal provided by yet another embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 12 is an example diagram of indication of a frequency domain resource provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 13 is a structure diagram of a communication device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 14 is a structure diagram of a communication device provided by another embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted much attention in the field of wireless communication. In order to improve production efficiency and improve the comfort of life, more IoT devices are expected to be connected to each other. In order to further reduce the size, complexity and power consumption of IoT devices, hundreds of billions or even trillions of IoT devices can be deployed for various applications and provide additional value in the entire value chain. Most of the current IoT devices need to be powered by manually replacing or charging the battery. This can cause a variety of problems, such as high maintenance costs, serious environmental problems, and even safety hazards in some scenarios (such as wireless sensors in the power and oil industries).

[0031] Automation and digitization in various industries open up many new markets, requiring new IoT technologies to support batteryless devices without energy storage capabilities or energy storage devices that do not require manual replacement or charging. Based on this, the related technology proposes the concept of A-IoT devices. In some embodiments, the A-IoT device can also be referred to or understood as an ambient powered (AMP) device. In contrast to existing IoT devices such as narrow band IoT (NB-IoT) devices, low power wide area (LPWA) devices, reduced capability (RedCap) devices, etc., A-IoT devices have very small form factors and no battery or very small energy storage capabilities.

[0032] A-IoT communication uses energy harvesting and / or backscatter communication technology. Such devices can collect energy from the environment, such as radio signals, kinetic energy, thermal energy, light energy, wind energy, etc. A-IoT devices have very small sizes and do not have batteries or do not need to be charged. In addition, A-IoT devices have extremely limited capabilities and complexity, and have very small transmission power.

[0033] Figure 1 is an example diagram of a system architecture of a wireless communication system applicable to embodiments of the present application. As Figure 1As shown, the wireless communication system 100 can include a network device 110 and an A-IoT device 120. The network device is configured to perform one or more of the following: transmitting a wireless energizing signal to the A-IoT device, transmitting a downlink communication signal to the A-IoT device, and receiving a backscatter signal from the A-IoT device. A basic A-IoT device includes an energy harvesting module, a backscatter communication module, and a low-power computation module. In addition, the A-IoT device can further include a memory or a sensor for storing basic information (e.g., an item identifier) or obtaining environmental temperature, environmental humidity, and other sensing data.

[0034] It should be noted that, Figure 1 Exemplarily, the communication system 100 includes one network device and one A-IoT device. Alternatively, the communication system 100 can include multiple network devices and each network device can include other number of A-IoT devices within its coverage, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0035] In addition, in some implementations, the communication system 100 can further include a network controller, a mobility management entity, and other network entities, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0036] It should be understood that the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, for example: a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system, a high-performance radio local network (HIPELAN) system, a wide area network (WAN) system, a fifth-generation (5G) system or a new radio (NR) system, a long term evolution (LTE) system, an LTE frequency division duplexing (FDD) system, an LTE time division duplexing (TDD) system, a cellular Internet of Things, and the like. The technical solutions provided by the present application can also be applied to future communication systems, such as a sixth-generation mobile communication system, and the like. For example, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application can be applied to a communication system adopting an 802.11 standard. Exemplarily, the 802.11 standard includes but is not limited to: an 802.11ax standard, an 802.11be standard, an 802.11bn standard, a post-802.11bn 802.11 standard, and the like.

[0037] The A-IoT device in the embodiments of the present application can be a terminal device. The network device in the embodiments of the present application can be a device for communicating with the A-IoT device. In some implementations, if the A-IoT device is an electronic tag, the network device can be a reader (or a reader-writer) for reading and writing the electronic tag. For example, the network device can be a reader based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. However, the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto, and the network device can also be an access network device or a radio access network device, for example, the network device can be a base station.

[0038] In some implementations, the A-IoT device 120 can include an energy harvesting module 121. The energy harvesting module 121 is configured to harvest energy (such as radio frequency signal energy, kinetic energy, thermal energy, light energy, wind energy, etc.). For example, the energy harvesting module 121 can harvest energy through a wireless energy supply signal sent by the network device. The wireless energy supply signal can be a radio frequency signal sent by the network device, and therefore, the energy harvesting module is also referred to as a radio frequency energy harvesting module.

[0039] In some cases, the A-IoT device 120 can also include a back scattering communication module 122 and / or a low-power computing module 123. The back scattering communication module 122 can be configured to perform back scattering communication between the A-IoT device and the network device. The low-power computing module 123 is configured to provide computing functions for the A-IoT device, such as data processing, etc. It should be noted that, in addition to performing back scattering communication with the network device through the back scattering communication module, the A-IoT device can also communicate with the network device through other manners. For example, the A-IoT device can generate a carrier signal by itself and modulate the carrier signal to send a modulated signal to the reader.

[0040] In some other cases, the A-IoT device 120 can also include a sensor 124 configured to collect external information (such as ambient temperature, ambient humidity, etc.). In some other cases, the A-IoT device 120 can also include a memory 125 configured to store some information (such as external information collected by the sensor, or an article identifier, etc.).

[0041] The following describes the topology of the A-IoT system. Figures 2 to 5 The topology of the A-IoT system is introduced.

[0042] In some implementations, as Figure 2As shown, the A-IoT device is directly connected with the network device (e.g., reader). In this topology, the reader can be an A-IoT capable network device. In some implementations, the signal transmission manner of the reader to the device (e.g., A-IoT device) and the signal transmission manner of the device to the reader are different, please refer to the related technology (e.g., TS 38.291) for details. In Figure 2 In the topology shown, the A-IoT device can directly transceive commands, data or signals from the network device and send or backscatter data or channels to the network device.

[0043] In some implementations, as shown in Figure 3 As shown, the A-IoT device is connected with the network device through an intermediate node. That is, the A-IoT device can realize the communication between the A-IoT device and the network device through the intermediate node. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the intermediate node, which can be an A-IoT capable terminal device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) device, a repeater, etc. In Figure 3 In the topology shown, the reader can be an intermediate node. The interface between the intermediate node and the A-IoT device is the same as Figure 2 In the topology shown, the interface between the intermediate node and the network device is transmitted through the Uu port. In some implementations, the signal transmission manner of the reader to the device (e.g., A-IoT device) and the signal transmission manner of the device to the reader are different.

[0044] In some implementations, as shown in Figure 4 As shown, in the uplink process, the A-IoT device receives signals from the network device and sends signals to the assisting node. Or, in the downlink process, the A-IoT device receives signals from the assisting node and sends signals to the network device. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the assisting node, which can be an A-IoT capable terminal device, an IAB device, a repeater, etc.

[0045] In some implementations, as shown in Figure 5 As shown, the A-IoT device is directly connected with a terminal device. The terminal device has A-IoT capability. In this topology, the reader is the terminal device.

[0046] It should be noted that, in the architecture shown in Figures 2 to 5 In the architecture shown, the transmission of the A-IoT device is based on the scheduling of the network device. For example, in Figure 2In some embodiments, the A-IoT device and the network device communicate directly, and thus the network device can send the scheduling information directly to the A-IoT device. For example, in some embodiments, the A-IoT device and the network device communicate through an intermediate node, and the network device sends the scheduling information to the A-IoT device through the intermediate node. Figure 3

[0047] In some embodiments, if the A-IoT device sends control, data or signal to the network device or the intermediate node through backscattering, a carrier needs to be provided to the A-IoT device. In some embodiments, the node that provides the carrier to the A-IoT device can be the network device or the intermediate node, or can be another node.

[0048] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device can send control, data or signal to the network device or the intermediate node through active transmission.

[0049] The 3rd generation partner project (3GPP) is discussing a research project on A-IoT devices, which divides the A-IoT devices into three types of devices, i.e., device 1, device 2a / 2b and device C, each of which has corresponding complexity and communication capability. The three types of A-IoT devices are introduced as follows.

[0050] Device 1 has low complexity and power consumption, which can be as low as 1 μW. Device 1 has energy storage capability. The initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of device 1 is as high as 10 ppm. Device 1 has neither reader to device (R2D) nor device to reader (D2R) amplification. The D2R transmission of device 1 is backscattered on an externally provided carrier. X

[0051] Device 2b has power consumption less than or equal to several hundred μW. Device 2b has energy storage capability, and includes an intermediate frequency envelope detection receiver or a ZIF receiver in device 2b. The SFO of device 2b is as high as 10 ppm. Device 2b has R2D and / or D2R amplification. The D2R transmission of device 2b is generated internally by the device. Y

[0052] Device C has power consumption greater than or equal to 1 mW and less than or equal to 10 mW. Device C has energy storage capability. Device C includes an intermediate frequency envelope detection receiver or a ZIF receiver. The SFO of device C is as high as 10 ppm. Y ​​​ppm. Device C has R2D and / or D2R amplification. Device C's D2R transmission is generated by device internal.

[0053] It should be noted that the SFO value 10 Y The ratio is greater than any SFO value of device 1 standard.

[0054] Under the system architecture described above, for signals sent by A-IoT devices at different distances from the reader, the energy arriving at the reader location is different, and the signal with high energy will interfere with the signal with low energy, so that the signal cannot be correctly received by the reader. Therefore, it is very important to control the power of the signal sent by the A-IoT device, and then reduce the interference between the A-IoT devices. By measuring the path loss between the reader and the A-IoT device, the power of the signal sent by the A-IoT device can be further adjusted and controlled, so as to alleviate the interference between different devices. How to measure the path loss of such low-power devices as A-IoT has become a problem to be solved.

[0055] To solve the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a reference signal, which can be used to determine the path loss between the first device and the second device. For example, the reference signal can be used to determine the path loss between the A-IoT device and the reader.

[0056] The embodiments of the present application can be applied to any of the topologies mentioned above. For example, the embodiments of the present application can be applied to Figure 2 the topology shown in FIG. 1 and / or Figure 3 the topology shown in FIG. 2. That is, the embodiments of the present application can be applied to the scenario where the device is directly connected to the network device and / or the scenario where the device is connected to the network device through an intermediate node.

[0057] Hereinafter, the method embodiments of the present application will be introduced first.

[0058] Figure 6 is a flowchart of the communication method provided by the embodiments of the present application. Figure 6 The method shown in FIG. 3 is introduced from the perspective of the interaction between the first device and the second device. The first device may, for example, be a low-power and / or low-complexity device. For example, the first device can be an A-IoT device. However, the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto, and the first device can also be a RedCap, NB-IoT, etc. device. The second device may, for example, be a reader. For example, the second device can be a network device such as a base station. For another example, the second device can be a terminal device. For another example, the second device can be a network node device, such as an IAB device, a relay, a repeater, etc.

[0059] In some embodiments, the first device can be any type of A-IoT device when the first device is an A-IoT device. For example, the first device can be the device 2b and / or the device C type A-IoT device mentioned above.

[0060] Figure 6 The method shown includes step S610. In step S610, the second device sends a reference signal to the first device. Accordingly, the first device receives the reference signal sent by the second device.

[0061] In embodiments of the present application, the reference signal can be used to determine the path loss between the first device and the second device. Taking the first device as an A-IoT device and the second device as a reader as an example, the reference signal can be used to determine the path loss between the A-IoT device and the reader.

[0062] In some embodiments, the first device can measure the reference signal. Further, in some embodiments, the first device can report the measurement related information of the reference signal to the second device. In this way, the second device can control (such as open loop control) the transmission power of the first device (such as D2R transmission power). The second device controls the transmission power of the first device can make the signal power of the message (such as D2R) sent by the first device in different positions to the second device substantially consistent when reaching the second device (that is, it can avoid inconsistent signal power), so as to alleviate the interference of high power signal to low power signal, and is conducive to ensuring the normal reception of the signal. That is, the reference signal provided in embodiments of the present application can be used for power control of the message (such as D2R transmission) sent by the first device to the second device, that is, the network device can adjust the transmission power of the first device according to the path loss reported by the first device, so as to alleviate the interference between different devices.

[0063] In some embodiments, in addition to being used to determine the path loss between the first device and the second device, the reference signal can also have other uses. For example, the reference signal can also be used to perform one or more of the following operations: time-frequency synchronization, distance measurement, clock frequency offset correction. For example, the reference signal can include a synchronization signal for time-frequency synchronization. For another example, the reference signal can include a signal for calibrating the clock frequency offset.

[0064] The reference signal will be introduced first below.

[0065] In embodiments of the present application, the reference signal can include at least one of the following: preamble, type information, measurement part, guard period, postamble.

[0066] In some embodiments, the reference signal can include one of the above. For example, the reference signal includes a measurement portion. For another example, the reference signal includes a guard interval. For yet another example, the reference signal includes a preamble.

[0067] In some embodiments, the reference signal can include multiple ones of the above. For example, referring to Figure 7 , the reference signal includes a preamble and a measurement portion. For another example, referring to Figure 8 , the reference signal includes a preamble, a measurement portion, and a guard interval. For yet another example, the reference signal includes a preamble, a measurement portion, and a tail portion. For yet another example, the reference signal includes a preamble, a measurement portion, a guard interval, and a tail portion. For yet another example, the reference signal includes a preamble, type information, a guard interval, and a measurement portion. For yet another example, the reference signal includes a preamble, type information, a measurement portion, and a tail portion. For yet another example, the reference signal includes a preamble, type information, a guard interval, a measurement portion, and a tail portion.

[0068] It should be noted that the above examples are merely examples, and the reference signal can include any one or more of the above. For brevity, they are not listed one by one here.

[0069] The following introduces each portion included in the reference signal.

[0070] In some embodiments, the preamble described above can be used to indicate a starting position of the reference signal and / or for time synchronization of the first device. By indicating the starting position of the reference signal through the preamble, the first device can be woken up to start measurement. That is, the preamble can be used to wake up the first device to start measurement of the reference signal. In some embodiments, the preamble used for time synchronization of the first device can be implemented as: the preamble is used for coarse synchronization and / or fine synchronization of the first device. For example, the preamble can be used for coarse synchronization of the first device.

[0071] In some embodiments, the preamble can be located at the very beginning of the reference signal. In this way, the starting position of the reference signal can be indicated through the preamble.

[0072] In some embodiments, the preamble can include a start indicator part (SIP) and / or a clock acquisition part (CAP). The SIP can be used to indicate the start of the R2D transmission. The CAP can be used to provide the first device with clock synchronization information of the R2D transmission.

[0073] Embodiments of the present application do not limit the number of bits occupied by the SIP. In some implementations, the SIP can be implemented as a sequence of 8 bits. In other implementations, the SIP can be implemented as a sequence of 6 bits.

[0074] This application does not specifically limit the sequence of the SIP. Taking an 8-bit SIP as an example, the SIP can be implemented as an 8-bit "11001000" sequence. Alternatively, the SIP can be implemented as an 8-bit "10101011" sequence. Or, the SIP can be implemented as an 8-bit "11111010" sequence.

[0075] This application does not limit the number of bits occupied by CAP. In some implementations, CAP can be implemented as a 4-bit sequence. In other implementations, CAP can be implemented as a 6-bit sequence.

[0076] This application does not specifically limit the sequence of CAP. Taking CAP as a 4-bit sequence as an example, CAP can be implemented as a 4-bit "1010" sequence. Alternatively, CAP can be implemented as a 4-bit "1100" sequence.

[0077] This application does not limit the time-domain resources occupied by SIP and / or CAP. For example, SIP and / or CAP can occupy two time-domain symbols. Or, for example, SIP and / or CAP can occupy three time-domain symbols.

[0078] The embodiments of this application do not limit the subcarrier spacing corresponding to SIP and / or CAP. For example, the subcarrier spacing corresponding to SIP and / or CAP can be 15kHz. Another example is that the subcarrier spacing corresponding to SIP and / or CAP can be 30kHz.

[0079] As a specific implementation, the preamble can reuse the R2D timing acquisition signal (R-TAS) from related technologies (such as 3GPP Release 19). The R-TAS can include SIP and CAP. The subcarrier spacing corresponding to the R-TAS is 15kHz.

[0080] In some embodiments, the preamble can be implemented as sequence information. Alternatively, the preamble may include sequence information. This sequence information can be understood or referred to as one or more of the following terms: preamble sequence, midamble sequence. This application does not limit the length of the sequence information in the preamble. In some implementations, the sequence information in the preamble can be 7 bits. In other implementations, the sequence information in the preamble can be 31 bits. However, this application is not limited to these; for example, the length of the sequence information in the preamble can also be 63 bits or 127 bits, or other values.

[0081] This application does not specifically limit the type of sequence information in the preamble. For example, the sequence information in the preamble may include one of the following sequence types: m-sequence, Golay sequence, Walsh sequence, Gold code, ZC sequence, or sequence information specified in the protocol.

[0082] In some implementations, the preamble sequence information can reuse the preamble or midamble sequence of D2R transmission in related technologies (such as 3GPP Release 19). For example, this sequence information can be implemented as a 7-bit m-sequence "1001110". Alternatively, it can be implemented as a 31-bit m-sequence "0100100001010111011000111110011". However, the embodiments of this application are not limited to this, and a new sequence can be used as the preamble of the reference signal. That is, the preamble sequence information can be a newly defined R2D amble sequence, such as a new m-sequence, Golay sequence, Walsh sequence, Gold code, or sequence information specified by the protocol. As an example, the preamble sequence information can be implemented as an 8-bit "10101010" sequence. As another example, the preamble sequence information can be implemented as an 8-bit "11001000" sequence. As yet another example, the leading sequence information can be implemented as a 6-bit "101011" sequence.

[0083] In some embodiments, the last bit value of the preamble sequence can be 0, meaning at least the last bit value of the preamble sequence can be 0. That is, the last chip of the preamble can be low. In this case, the preamble can be clearly separated from the subsequent following parts (such as the measurement part), thus helping to ensure more accurate measurements by the first device. As an implementation, if the reference signal does not include a guard interval, the last bit value of the preamble sequence can be 0 to achieve the effect of a guard interval. In this case, the transient effects of the preamble can be clearly separated from the measurement part, helping to ensure more accurate measurements by the first device.

[0084] This application does not limit the duration (or length) of the preamble. In some embodiments, the length of the preamble includes one value, that is, the preamble can be a preamble with one duration. In other embodiments, the duration of the preamble can include multiple values, that is, the preamble can be a preamble with multiple selectable durations. In some implementations, if the duration of the preamble includes multiple values, the specific value of the preamble in the reference signal transmitted by the second device can be determined by pre-specifying the protocol or by indicating / configuring the second device.

[0085] This application does not limit the method for determining the preamble duration. Exemplarily, the preamble duration can be determined based on predefined protocol information and / or the indication information (or configuration information) of the second device. For example, the preamble duration can be a duration pre-defined by the protocol, such as a fixed value specified in the protocol. Alternatively, the preamble duration can be a duration determined according to rules specified in the protocol, such as the protocol specifying that the preamble duration is related to parameters such as device type, channel state, modulation parameters (or the first parameter, second parameter, etc. below). As another example, the preamble duration can be a duration determined based on the indication information of the second device. The method for determining the preamble duration is similar to the method for determining the guard interval duration. For a detailed description of the method for determining the preamble duration, please refer to the following description of the method for determining the guard interval duration; it will not be elaborated here.

[0086] In some embodiments, the preamble may be channel-coded. For example, the preamble may be channel-coded using relatively simple methods such as linear coding or forward error correction (FEC) coding. In other embodiments, the preamble may be unchannel-coded, i.e., the preamble may not be channel-coded.

[0087] In some embodiments, the preamble can be a preamble dedicated to the reference signal. That is, the preamble can be distinguished from the preambles of other R2D message types. In this way, after receiving the preamble of the reference signal, the first device can determine that the R2D is a reference signal used for measuring path loss based on the preamble. Alternatively, after receiving the preamble of the reference signal, the first device can begin measuring the reference signal.

[0088] The aforementioned type information can be used to indicate that the reference signal is a reference signal for determining path loss. In some implementations, the type information may include one or more values, wherein a specific value among the one or more values ​​indicates that the transmission is a reference signal for path loss. This application does not limit the number of bits occupied by the type information. For example, the type information may occupy N bits, where N is a positive integer. For example, N may be 1. Or, for example, N may be 2. Or, for example, N may be 3.

[0089] This application does not limit the portion of the reference signal used to carry this type of information in its embodiments. As one implementation, the portion used to carry this type of information can be located after the preamble and / or before the measurement portion. Figure 7 Taking the reference signal shown as an example, the portion carrying this type of information can be located after the preamble and before the measurement portion. Figure 8Taking the reference signal shown as an example, the part used to carry this type of information can be located after the preamble and before the protection interval; or, the part used to carry this type of information can be located after the protection interval and before the measurement part.

[0090] The aforementioned measurement section can be used to measure the received power of a reference signal. In some implementations, the measurement section can be located after the preamble and before the end section. For example, the reference signal may include, from front to back, the following sequence: preamble, measurement section, end section. Another example: the reference signal may include, from front to back, the following sequence: preamble, guard interval, measurement section, end section. Yet another example: the reference signal may include, from front to back, the following sequence: preamble, type information, measurement section, end section. Yet another example: the reference signal may include, from front to back, the following sequence: preamble, type information, guard interval, measurement section, end section. Yet another example: the reference signal may include, from front to back, the following sequence: preamble, guard interval, type information, measurement section, end section.

[0091] In some embodiments, the measurement section may include an unmodulated carrier signal (or carrier waveform). That is, the measurement section may be an unmodulated carrier signal without sequence information. Unmodulated carrier signals are simple to generate and have stable power, which is beneficial for the first device to measure the power of the signal. Furthermore, in scenarios where the measurement section includes an unmodulated carrier signal, the first device does not need to demodulate, which helps to reduce the complexity of the measurement.

[0092] This application does not limit the type of carrier signal to unmodulated carrier signals. For example, an unmodulated carrier signal may include an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform signal. As another example, an unmodulated carrier signal may include a sinusoid waveform signal.

[0093] In other embodiments, the measurement portion may include a modulated signal (or carrier waveform) with a constant envelope. That is, the measurement portion may be a modulated signal with a constant envelope and sequence information. In scenarios where the measurement signal includes a modulated signal with a constant envelope, the constant power characteristics of the signal can be maintained while transmitting information, facilitating measurement by the first device.

[0094] The embodiments of this application do not limit the modulation method of the modulation signal. For example, the modulation method of the modulation signal may include one of the following: binary frequency shift keying (BFSK), gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK), binary phase shift keying (BPSK), and on-off keying (OOK, such as OOK-4 modulation).

[0095] This application does not limit the modulation signal containing a constant envelope. For example, a modulation signal containing a constant envelope may include one of the following: a single-tone OFDM signal, a single-tone sinusoid signal, a multi-tone OFDM signal, a multi-tone sinusoid signal, etc.

[0096] This application does not limit the sequence information corresponding to the modulated signal containing a constant envelope. Exemplarily, the sequence information may include one or more of the following: an m-sequence, a Golay sequence, a Walsh sequence, a Gold sequence, a ZC sequence, or sequence information specified by a protocol. As an example, the sequence information may be a protocol-specified "10101010" sequence. Sequence information can provide good autocorrelation and stronger multiple access capability.

[0097] The embodiments of this application do not limit the length of the measurement sequence. For example, the length of the measurement sequence can be 63 bits. Another example is that the length of the measurement sequence can be 127 bits. As an example, the measurement part can be implemented as an m-sequence of length 63. As yet another example, the measurement part can be implemented as a Gold sequence of length 127.

[0098] In some embodiments, the measurement portion may be channel-coded. For example, the measurement portion may be channel-coded using simpler methods such as linear coding or FEC coding. In other embodiments, the measurement portion may be unchannel-coded, i.e., the measurement portion may not be channel-coded.

[0099] In some embodiments, the measurement portion may be encoded using cyclic redundancy check (CRC). In some implementations, the CRC code used for this CRC encoding may be scrambled based on the first identification information to avoid interference from neighboring cells. This application does not limit the first identification information. Exemplarily, the first identification information may include one or more of the following: identification information of the second device, identification information of the cell, and other identification information. In some embodiments, the other identification information may include: identification information for distinguishing different second devices (e.g., different readers), and / or, identification information for distinguishing different cells.

[0100] The aforementioned guard interval can be used to clearly separate the measurement section from other sections. Therefore, in some embodiments, the guard interval can be located before the measurement section. For example, the reference signal, from front to back, includes: a preamble, a guard interval, the measurement section, and an end section. Another example is that the reference signal, from front to back, includes: a preamble, type information, a guard interval, the measurement section, and an end section. Yet another example is that the reference signal, from front to back, includes: a preamble, a guard interval, and the measurement section. Yet another example is that the reference signal, from front to back, includes: a preamble, type information, a guard interval, and the measurement section. Setting a guard interval between the preamble and the measurement section can clearly separate the transient effects of the preamble from the measurement section, making the measurement of the first device more accurate.

[0101] In some embodiments, the duration of the protection interval may include one value, meaning the protection interval can be a protection interval with a single duration. In other embodiments, the duration of the protection interval may include multiple values, meaning the protection interval can be a protection interval with multiple selectable durations. In some implementations, if the duration of the protection interval includes multiple values, the specific value of the protection interval in the reference signal sent by the second device can be determined by pre-defining the protocol or by instructing / configuring the second device.

[0102] This application does not specifically limit the duration of the protection interval. Exemplarily, the duration of the protection interval may include X time units, where X is a positive integer. This application does not limit the duration of these time units. Exemplarily, the time unit may include one of the following: symbol, chip duration, millisecond, or time slot. In some implementations, X may be indicated by the second device to the first device. In other implementations, X may be specified by a protocol.

[0103] In some embodiments, the chip duration may be associated with one or more of the following: the chip duration corresponding to the first message, the chip duration corresponding to the modulation parameters, and the subcarrier spacing corresponding to the OFDM waveform. This application embodiment does not limit the first message. Exemplarily, the first message may include one or more of the following: the most recently received R2D message by the first device, the most recently sent D2R message by the first device, a paging message received by the first device, and a random access message sent by the first device (such as message 1 or message A).

[0104] In some embodiments, the association of the duration of the guard interval with the chip duration corresponding to which message is specified by the protocol. For example, the protocol may specify that the time unit of the guard interval duration is the chip duration of the most recently received R2D message by the first device. As another example, the protocol may specify that the time unit of the guard interval duration is the chip duration of the most recently sent D2R message by the first device. In some embodiments, the association of the duration of the guard interval with the chip duration corresponding to which parameter is specified by the protocol. For example, the protocol may specify that the time unit of the guard interval duration is the chip duration under a certain OOK modulation parameter. In some embodiments, the association of the duration of the guard interval with the chip duration corresponding to which message is indicated by the second device. For example, the second device may indicate that the time unit of the guard interval duration is the chip duration of an A-IoT paging message. As another example, the second device may indicate that the time unit of the guard interval duration is the chip duration of control information.

[0105] This application does not limit the method for determining the duration of the protection interval. Exemplarily, the duration of the protection interval can be determined based on predefined protocol information and / or first indication information (or configuration information) sent by the second device. For example, the duration of the protection interval can be a duration pre-defined by the protocol, such as a fixed value specified in the protocol. Alternatively, the duration of the protection interval can be a duration determined according to rules specified in the protocol, such as the protocol specifying that the duration of the protection interval is related to parameters such as device type, channel state, modulation parameters (or the first parameter, second parameter, etc. below). As another example, the duration of the protection interval can be the duration of the protection interval determined based on the first indication information sent by the second device.

[0106] This application does not limit the first indication information in its embodiments. Exemplarily, the first indication information can be used to indicate one or more of the following: the duration of the protection interval, and a first parameter. The first parameter corresponds to the duration of the protection interval. That is, in some implementations, the second device can explicitly (or directly) indicate the duration of the protection interval using the first indication information. For example, the second device can indicate that the duration of the protection interval is X time units. In some implementations, the second device can implicitly (or indirectly) indicate the duration of the protection interval using the first indication information. For example, the second device can indicate a second parameter, and the first device can determine the duration of the protection interval based on the second parameter and the correspondence between the second parameter and the duration of the protection interval.

[0107] This application does not limit the first parameter described above. Exemplarily, the first parameter may include one or more of the following: modulation parameters, coding and modulation strategies (such as modulation and coding schemes (MCS)), frequency domain location, subcarrier spacing (SCS), and a first index. In some embodiments, the first index may be an index in a first correspondence (or mapping relationship, such as a mapping table). This first correspondence may be used to indicate the correspondence between different values ​​of the guard interval duration and different values ​​of the modulation parameters / coding and modulation strategies / frequency domain location / SCS.

[0108] As one implementation method, the second device can indicate the duration of the protection interval as T. guard T guard The value is configured in the system information, the configuration information of the reference signal, the control information, or other R2D messages.

[0109] As another implementation, different values ​​of the guard interval duration correspond to different values ​​of modulation parameters / coding modulation strategy / frequency domain position / SCS. In this case, the second device can indicate the modulation parameters / coding modulation strategy / frequency domain position / SCS, and the first device can determine the duration of the guard interval based on the modulation parameters / coding modulation strategy / frequency domain position / SCS indicated by the second device.

[0110] As another implementation, the protocol can predefine the correspondence between different values ​​of the guard interval duration and different values ​​of modulation parameters / coding modulation strategy / frequency domain position / SCS (such as a mapping table). Then, the second device can indicate the first index in the correspondence so that the first device can determine the guard interval duration corresponding to the first index based on the first index and the correspondence (such as the mapping table).

[0111] This application does not limit the predefined information of the protocol. Exemplarily, the predefined information may include one or more of the following: the duration of the protection interval, and a second parameter. The second parameter corresponds to the duration of the protection interval. That is, in some implementations, the protocol can explicitly predefine the duration of the protection interval. For example, the protocol can specify that the duration of the protection interval is X time units. In some implementations, the protocol can implicitly predefine the duration of the protection interval. For example, the protocol can predefine a second parameter, and the first device can determine the duration of the protection interval based on the second parameter and the correspondence between the second parameter and the duration of the protection interval.

[0112] This application embodiment does not limit the second parameter mentioned above. Exemplarily, the second parameter may include one or more of the following: preamble-related information, modulation parameters, coding modulation strategy, frequency domain position, subcarrier spacing, and a second index. The second index may be one or more indices in the first correspondence (or mapping relationship, such as a mapping table). For example, the second index may include all indices in the first correspondence. Or, for example, the second index may include one index in the first correspondence. The first correspondence can be used to indicate the correspondence between different values ​​of the guard interval duration and different values ​​of the modulation parameters / coding modulation strategy / frequency domain position / SCS.

[0113] In some embodiments, the duration of the protection interval can be determined based on the length of the reference signal (total length). For example, the ratio of the duration of the protection interval to the duration of the reference signal can be R, and the value of R can be predetermined by the protocol or indicated by the second device. For example, the protocol may predetermine that the duration of the protection interval can be 1 / 10 or 1 / 20 of the duration of the reference signal, etc. Alternatively, the second device may indicate that the duration of the protection interval can be 1 / 4 or 1 / 6 of the duration of the reference signal, etc.

[0114] It should be noted that the guard interval is optional information in the reference signal. In some embodiments, whether the reference signal includes or excludes the guard interval may be predetermined by the protocol. For example, the protocol may predetermine that the reference signal includes the guard interval. Alternatively, the protocol may predetermine that the reference signal does not include the guard interval. In other embodiments, whether the reference signal includes or excludes the guard interval may be indicated by the second device to the first device. For example, the second device may indicate to the first device that the reference signal includes the guard interval. Alternatively, the second device may indicate to the first device that the reference signal does not include the guard interval.

[0115] The embodiments of this application do not limit the name of the protection interval. Exemplarily, the protection interval may also be called or replaced by one or more of the following terms: silent interval, time gap, interval.

[0116] The aforementioned end portion can be used to indicate the end of the reference signal. This application does not limit the implementation of the end portion. As one implementation, the end portion can be implemented as a sequence of all 1s. For example, the end portion can be implemented as a 4-bit "1111" sequence. Another example is that the end portion can be implemented as a 6-bit "111111" sequence. However, this application is not limited to this; for example, the end portion can be implemented as a "0101" sequence, a "01010101" sequence, etc. This application does not limit the number of bits occupied by the end portion. For example, the end portion can occupy 4 bits. Another example is that the end portion can occupy 8 bits.

[0117] For ease of understanding, the following text will combine... Figures 9 to 11 Here are a few examples of reference signals.

[0118] like Figure 9 As shown, the reference signal sequentially includes a preamble, a measurement portion, and a termination portion. Exemplarily, the preamble can be implemented as a "101011" sequence. The duration of the preamble can be a fixed value; for example, the preamble can occupy 1.5 OFDM symbols. Exemplarily, the measurement portion can be implemented as an m-sequence with a sequence length of 63. The measurement portion can be modulated. For example, the measurement portion can be modulated using OOK (e.g., OOK-4). The measurement portion can be mapped onto OFDM symbols. For example, the measurement portion can be modulated using OOK and mapped onto OFDM symbols. Exemplarily, the termination portion can be implemented as "1111".

[0119] like Figure 10 As shown, the reference signal sequentially includes a preamble, a measurement section, and a termination section. Exemplarily, the preamble can be implemented as a "11001000" sequence. The duration of the preamble can be a fixed value; for example, the preamble can occupy 1.5 OFDM symbols. Exemplarily, the measurement section can be implemented as an unmodulated OFDM waveform. The measurement section can be mapped onto OFDM symbols. For example, the measurement section can be an unmodulated OFDM waveform and mapped onto OFDM symbols. Exemplarily, the termination section can be implemented as "1111".

[0120] like Figure 11As shown, the reference signal sequentially includes a preamble, a guard interval, and a measurement section. Exemplarily, the preamble can be implemented as a "101011" sequence. The duration of the preamble can be a fixed value; for example, the preamble can occupy 1.5 OFDM symbols. Exemplarily, the duration of the guard interval can be implemented as 0.5 symbols. Exemplarily, the measurement section can be implemented as a Gold sequence with a sequence length of 127. The measurement section can be modulated. For example, the measurement section can be modulated using OOK (e.g., OOK-4). The measurement section can be mapped onto OFDM symbols. For example, the measurement section can be modulated using OOK and mapped onto OFDM symbols.

[0121] The reference signal has been introduced above; the measurement of the reference signal will be introduced below.

[0122] As described above, the reference signal provided in the embodiments of this application can be used to determine the path loss between the first device and the second device. In some implementations, the path loss is determined based on the measured value of the reference signal. That is, the first device needs to measure the reference signal and determine the measured value in order to determine the path loss based on the measured value. The measured value is described below.

[0123] In some implementations, the measured value is determined by measuring the reference signal within a first time range (or first time domain range, first time unit) and / or a first frequency range (or first frequency unit). For example, the measured value is determined by measuring the reference signal within the first time range. As another example, the measured value is determined by measuring the reference signal within the first frequency range. Yet another example, the measured value is determined by measuring the reference signal within both the first time range and the first frequency range.

[0124] This application does not limit the method for determining the first frequency range. Exemplarily, the first frequency range can be determined based on one or more of the following: the total bandwidth occupied by the reference signal, the bandwidth indicated by the second device, and a bandwidth predefined by the protocol. For example, the first frequency range can be the size of the total bandwidth occupied by the reference signal. Another example is that the first frequency range can be the size of the bandwidth indicated by the second device. The bandwidth indicated by the second device can be the same as or different from the size of the total bandwidth occupied by the reference signal. Yet another example is that the first frequency range can be a bandwidth predefined by the protocol. The bandwidth predefined by the protocol can be the same as or different from the size of the total bandwidth occupied by the reference signal.

[0125] This application does not limit the method for determining the first time range in its embodiments. Exemplarily, the first time range may be determined based on one or more of the following: the duration of the measurement portion, the duration of the preceding portion, and the duration of the ending portion.

[0126] In some implementations, where the reference signal includes a guard interval, the first time range can be determined based on one or more of the following: the duration of the measurement section, the duration of the preamble, and the duration of the end section. For example, the first time range can be the duration of the measurement section. Alternatively, the first time range can be the duration of both the preamble and the measurement section. Yet another example is that the first time range can be the duration of both the preamble and the measurement section, and the end section.

[0127] In some implementations, where the reference signal does not include a guard interval, the first time range can be determined based on one or more of the following: the duration of the measurement section, and the duration of the preamble. For example, the first time range can be the duration of the measurement section. Or, for another example, the first time range can be the duration of both the preamble and the measurement section.

[0128] In some embodiments, the duration of the first time range (such as one or more of the duration of the prelude, the duration of the measurement portion, and the duration of the end portion) can be X time units. A description of X time units can be found above, and for brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0129] In other embodiments, the duration of the first time range (such as one or more of the duration of the preamble, the measurement portion, and the end portion) can be determined based on the modulation order and / or the duration of the modulated chip. For example, the duration of the measurement portion can be determined based on the modulation order and / or the duration of the modulated chip. This is because the sequence length of the measurement portion of the reference signal and the mapping method of the OOK modulated chip are fixed, but the modulation order of the OOK determines the duration of the chip, thereby determining the duration of the measurement portion. This application does not limit the method for determining the modulation order. In some implementations, the modulation order can be configured by the second device to the first device. In other implementations, the modulation order can be predetermined by the protocol. This application does not limit the method for determining the duration of the modulated chip. For example, the protocol can predefine the duration of the modulated chip mapped from the sequence.

[0130] This application embodiment does not limit the measurement value. Exemplarily, the measurement value may include one or more of the following: layer 1 (L1) reference signal received power (RSRP), layer 3 (L3) RSRP, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), and reference signal received quality (RSRQ).

[0131] In some embodiments, L1 RSRP and / or L3 RSRP can be the received power over a first frequency range and / or a first time range. In some implementations, for cases where the measured value includes L3 RSRP, the second device can configure filter-related parameters for the first device.

[0132] In some embodiments, RSSI can be the signal strength measured by the first device over a first frequency range and / or a first time range. For example, RSSI can be the signal strength measured by the first device over both the first frequency range and the first time range. As another example, RSSI can be the signal strength measured by the first device over the first frequency range.

[0133] In some embodiments, RSRQ can be the ratio of RSSI to RSRP over a first frequency range and / or a first time range. Measuring RSRQ helps reduce signaling overhead.

[0134] The measurement of the reference signal has been introduced above. The time-domain and / or frequency-domain resources of the reference signal will be introduced below.

[0135] The embodiments of this application do not limit the type of reference signal. For example, the reference signal can be a periodically transmitted reference signal. Another example is a semi-continuously transmitted reference signal. Yet another example is a non-periodicly transmitted reference signal.

[0136] This application does not limit the unit of time-domain resources for the reference signal. In some implementations, the unit of time-domain resources can be a time unit in a communication system (such as an NR system or a 6G system). For example, the unit of time-domain resources can be a frame, subframe, time slot, symbol, etc., within a certain subcarrier interval. In other implementations, the unit of time-domain resources can be an absolute time unit. For example, the unit of time-domain resources can be a second, millisecond, microsecond, etc. However, this application is not limited to this; the unit of time-domain resources can also be the R2D / D2R chip duration or other defined time units.

[0137] This application does not limit the method for determining the time-domain resources of the reference signal. For example, the time-domain resources of the reference signal can be determined based on pre-configuration information or indication information sent by the second device, and / or, the time-domain resources of the reference signal can be determined based on a method pre-defined by the protocol.

[0138] In some embodiments, the pre-configuration information or indication information may include, for example, time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal. This application embodiment does not limit the time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal. Exemplarily, the time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal may include one or more of the following: parameters for determining the time-domain start position of the time-domain resource (e.g., parameters indicating a time-domain start offset), parameters for determining the time-domain end position of the time-domain resource, parameters for determining the duration of the time-domain resource, and parameters for determining the period of the time-domain resource.

[0139] In some embodiments, the time-domain start position of the reference signal can be determined based on a reference position. For example, when the reference signal is a periodically transmitted reference signal, the time-domain start position of the reference signal can be determined based on a reference position. This application embodiment does not limit the reference position of the time-domain start position of the reference signal. Exemplarily, the reference position of the time-domain start position of the reference signal is determined based on at least one of the following: the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the pre-configuration information sent by the second device, the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the activation information of the reference signal, the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the second indication information, and the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the first R2D message.

[0140] In some embodiments, the second indication information described above may be information sent by the second device to the first device. In some embodiments, the second indication information may be information used to instruct the first device to measure the reference signal, and / or, the second indication information may include time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal. Therefore, in some embodiments, the second indication information may also be referred to as or understood as measurement indication information. A description of the time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal can be found above.

[0141] As an example, the second indication information could be information instructing the first device to measure the reference signal, but it would not include time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal. In this scenario, the time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal could be indicated by other information, or it could be predefined by a protocol.

[0142] As another example, the second indication information may be information instructing the first device to measure the reference signal, and may include time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal (which may include some or all of the time-domain resource-related information mentioned above). In some implementations, if the second indication information includes some time-domain resource-related information, the other part of the time-domain resource-related information may be indicated by other information, or may be predetermined by a protocol.

[0143] In some embodiments, the first R2D message described above may be used to carry one or more of the following: paging message (such as an A-IoT paging message), random access response message (or message 2), contention resolution message (or message 4), access occasion trigger message, R2D upper layer data transfer message, scheduling information, data (such as R2D data), synchronization signal, cell search information, and system information.

[0144] In some implementations, when the reference signal is a periodically transmitted reference signal, the reference position of the time-domain start position of the reference signal can be determined based on the time-domain position of the transmission resource of the pre-configuration information sent by the second device. As an example, if the start (or end) time of the time-domain resource of the transmission resource of the pre-configuration information sent by the second device is time R, the start offset of the time-domain resource is Ts, and the period of the time-domain resource is P, then the time-domain start position of the nth time-domain resource is R + Ts + n * P, where n is a positive integer.

[0145] In some implementations, for reference signals that are semi-persistently transmitted, the reference position of the time-domain start position of the reference signal can be determined based on the time-domain position of the transmission resource of the activation information of the reference signal. For example, a second device configures the time-domain resource information of the reference signal and sends activation / deactivation information to trigger the first device to measure the reference signal on the configured time-domain resource. In this scenario, the first device can start / stop measuring the reference signal based on the time-domain position (or other time-domain position) of the transmission resource of the activation / deactivation information. For example, if the time-domain start (or end) time of the transmission resource for which the first device receives activation information is time R, the start offset of the time-domain resource is Ts, and the period of the time-domain resource is P, then the time-domain start position of the nth time-domain resource is R + Ts + n * P, where n is a positive integer. For example, if the time-domain start (or end) time of the transmission resource for which the first device receives activation information is time R, the start offset of the time-domain resource is Ts, and the period of the time-domain resource is P, then the time-domain start position of the nth time-domain resource is R + Tp + Ts + n*p, where Tp is the processing delay of the first device and / or the time offset caused by SFO. Considering Tp helps avoid the first device starting to measure the received power before the reference signal arrives, thus affecting the measurement results. For another example, if the time-domain start (or end) time of the transmission resource for which the first device receives deactivation information is T, the first device can stop measuring the reference signal at T + Te. In some implementations, Te can be a time interval configured / indicated by the second device. In other implementations, Te can be a time interval pre-defined by the protocol.

[0146] In some implementations, for reference signals that are transmitted non-periodically, the first device can begin measuring the reference signal after receiving the second indication information from the second device. For example, if the start (or end) time of the time-domain resource for which the first device receives the second indication information is time R, and the start offset of the time-domain resource for the reference signal is Ts, then the first device can begin measuring the reference signal at R+Ts. As another example, if the start (or end) time of the time-domain resource for which the first device receives the second indication information is time R, and the start offset of the time-domain resource for the reference signal is Ts, then the first device can begin measuring the reference signal at R+Tp+Ts, where Tp is the processing delay of the first device and / or the time offset caused by SFO. Considering Tp helps avoid the first device starting to measure the received power before the reference signal arrives, which could affect the measurement results.

[0147] In some embodiments, the reference position of the time-domain end position of the reference signal may be the same as the reference position of the time-domain start position of the reference signal. That is, the reference position of the time-domain end position of the reference signal may be determined based on at least one of the following: the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the pre-configuration information sent by the second device, the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the activation information of the reference signal, the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the second indication information, and the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the first R2D message. However, the embodiments of this application are not limited to this; for example, the reference position of the time-domain end position of the reference signal may be the time-domain start position of the reference signal.

[0148] In some implementations, the reference position of the time-domain start position and / or the reference position of the time-domain end position of the reference signal can be determined based on the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the second indication information, and the second indication information includes time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal. In this scenario, the first device can determine the time-domain start position and / or time-domain end position of the reference signal based on the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the second indication information. For example, if the first device receives the second indication information at time R, and the start offset of the time-domain resources of the reference signal is Ts, then the first device can start measuring the reference signal at R+Ts, or the first device can start measuring the reference signal at R+Tp+Ts.

[0149] In some implementations, the reference position of the time-domain start position and / or the reference position of the time-domain end position of the reference signal can be determined based on the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the second indication information, but some or all of the time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal is predetermined by the protocol. For example, the duration of the time-domain resource of the reference signal (e.g., duration D) can be predetermined by the protocol, and the second indication information can include the start (offset) of the time-domain resource of the reference signal. In this scenario, if the first device receives the second indication information at time R, and the start offset of the time-domain resource of the reference signal is Ts, then the first device can start measuring the reference signal at R+Ts, or the first device can start measuring the reference signal at R+Tp+Ts.

[0150] In some implementations, the reference position of the time-domain start position of the reference signal can be determined based on the first R2D message. For example, the reference position of the time-domain start position of the reference signal can be the time-domain start / end position of the transmission resource of the first R2D message. For instance, if the first device receives the first R2D message at time R, or if time R is the time-domain start / end position of the transmission resource of the first R2D message, and the start offset of the time-domain resource of the reference signal is Ts, then the first device can start measuring the reference signal at R+Ts, or at R+Tp+Ts, or at Ts (or Tp+Ts) after the time-domain start / end position of the transmission resource of the first R2D message.

[0151] This application does not limit the unit of the frequency domain resources of the reference signal. In some implementations, the unit of the frequency domain resources can be a frequency domain unit in a communication system (such as an NR system or a 6G system). For example, the unit of the frequency domain resources can be a resource block (RB). In other implementations, the unit of the frequency domain resources can be an absolute frequency domain unit. For example, the unit of the frequency domain resources can be Hz, kHz, MHz, etc. However, this application is not limited to this, and the unit of the frequency domain resources can also be other defined frequency domain units.

[0152] This application does not limit the method for determining the frequency domain resources of the reference signal. For example, the frequency domain resources of the reference signal can be determined based on pre-configuration information sent by the second device, and / or, the frequency domain resources of the reference signal can be determined based on third indication information sent by the second device.

[0153] This pre-configuration information may include, for example, frequency domain resource information related to the reference signal. It should be noted that this pre-configuration information can be used to configure the reference signal. For example, it can be used to configure a periodically transmitted reference signal. As another example, it can be used to configure a semi-persistently transmitted reference signal. Yet another example, it can be used to configure a non-periodicly transmitted reference signal.

[0154] The third indication information may include one or more of the following: information for instructing the first device to measure the reference signal, and frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal. Therefore, in some embodiments, the third indication information may also be called or understood as measurement indication information. For example, the third indication information includes frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal, and the first device can determine the frequency domain resources of the reference signal based on the third indication information. As another example, the third indication information may include some or no time domain resource-related information. In some implementations, if the third indication information includes some or no time domain resource-related information, then another portion or all of the time domain resource-related information can be indicated by other information, or it can be predetermined by a protocol. As an example, the protocol may predetermine that the bandwidth of the reference signal is 180kHz, and the third indication information indicates frequency domain resource-related information such as the center frequency / frequency domain start position of the reference signal.

[0155] In some implementations, the frequency domain resources of the reference signal can be determined based on pre-configuration information sent by the second device.

[0156] In some other implementations, the frequency domain resources of the reference signal can be determined based on third indication information sent by the second device.

[0157] In some other implementations, the frequency domain resources of the reference signal can be determined based on pre-configuration information and third indication information sent by the second device. For example, the pre-configuration information may carry some frequency domain resource-related information, and the third indication information may carry another part of the frequency domain resource-related information.

[0158] This application does not limit the frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal. Exemplarily, the frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal may include one or more of the following: frequency domain start position, center frequency, index (or number, identifier) ​​information of the channel, bandwidth size, and guard band size. It should be understood that the frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal may include other information besides the information listed above, and this application does not limit this. For example, the frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal may also include one or more of the following: small frequency shift parameter, frequency shift amount, frequency band position, and frequency domain end position.

[0159] In cases where the second device indicates the index information of the channel, for example, the protocol may pre-specify or the second device may pre-indicate / configure the frequency domain reference point of the channel, and the protocol may pre-specify or the second device may pre-indicate / configure the frequency domain starting position (or center frequency point of the first channel) and the bandwidth of the channel, such as... Figure 12 As shown. In this scenario, the second device can indicate the index information of the channel, and the first device can determine the frequency domain resources of the reference signal based on the index information.

[0160] For example, see again Figure 6 , Figure 6 The method shown may further include step S620. In step S620, the first device sends a third parameter to the second device to indicate measurement-related information of the reference signal. This application embodiment does not specifically limit the third parameter. Exemplarily, the third parameter may include path loss (such as path loss determined by the first device) and / or the measurement value obtained by the first device from measuring the reference signal.

[0161] As one implementation, the third parameter can include path loss. That is, after measuring the reference signal, the first device can determine the path loss based on the reference signal and send the path loss value to the second device. Sending the path loss value from the first device to the second device helps reduce signaling overhead.

[0162] For example, the first device can determine the path loss and perform power adjustment based on one or more of the following parameters of the reference signal configured by the second device: the transmit power of the reference signal, the receive antenna gain, the transmit antenna gain, and loss compensation. In some implementations, the transmit power of the reference signal configured by the second device can be an absolute value. For example, the transmit power of the reference signal configured by the first device is Ptx. In other implementations, the transmit power of the reference signal configured by the second device can be a relative value. For example, the transmit power of the reference signal configured by the first device can be Pt relative to the transmit power value of a certain R2D / D2R message. As another example, the transmit power of the reference signal configured by the first device can be the same as the transmit power of a certain R2D message.

[0163] As an alternative implementation, the third parameter may include the measured value obtained by the first device from measuring the reference signal. That is, after measuring the reference signal, the first device can directly send the measured value of the reference signal to the second device. In this case, the second device can determine the path loss and / or perform power control based on the measured value of the reference signal. This is because the first device is typically a low-power and / or low-complexity device; determining the path loss would lead to higher power consumption and / or increased complexity for the first device. Therefore, sending the measured value of the reference signal from the first device to the second device helps reduce the power consumption and / or complexity of the first device.

[0164] In some embodiments, the third parameter may include an absolute value. For example, the first device may report the RSSI / RSRP value Prx obtained from measuring a reference signal. In other embodiments, the third parameter may include a relative value. For example, the first device may report the RSSI / RSRP obtained from measuring a reference signal as a percentage of the transmission power value Pr for a given R2D / D2R message.

[0165] As another implementation, the third parameter may include road loss and the measured value obtained from the first device's measurement reference signal.

[0166] In some embodiments, the path loss described above can be determined based on one or more of the following: the transmit power of the reference signal, and the receive power of the reference signal. For example, the path loss can be determined based on the following formula: PL = P1 - P2. Wherein, PL represents the path loss, P1 represents the transmit power of the reference signal, and P2 represents the receive power of the reference signal.

[0167] In some embodiments, the transmission power of the reference signal may include various power gains and power losses of the transmitting end (i.e., the second device). For example, the transmission power of the reference signal may include the transmission antenna gain.

[0168] In some embodiments, the received power of the reference signal may include, in addition to the measured received power, various power gains and losses of the receiver (i.e., the first device). For example, the received power of the reference signal may include the receiver antenna gain, the power gain of the low-noise amplifier (LNA), etc.

[0169] For ease of understanding, the solutions of this application are described below with reference to Embodiments 1 to 3.

[0170] Example 1:

[0171] In step 1, the first device receives configuration information of the transmission power of the reference signal and configuration information of the time and frequency resources.

[0172] In step 2, the first device measures the reference signal on the first time-frequency resource.

[0173] In Example 1, the first time-frequency resource can be determined based on the configuration information of the time-frequency resources of the synchronization signal and the reference signal. For example, the starting position of the synchronization signal in the time domain is shifted backward by Ts to become the starting position of the reference signal in the time domain, where Ts is the starting offset of the time-domain resource of the reference signal. Another example is that the center frequency of the reference signal is shifted by F from the center frequency of the synchronization signal.

[0174] In Example 1, the reference signal sequentially includes a preamble, a measurement portion, and a termination portion, as follows: Figure 9 As shown.

[0175] For example, the preamble can be implemented as a "101011" sequence. The duration of the preamble can be a fixed value; for example, the preamble can occupy 1.5 OFDM symbols.

[0176] For example, the measurement portion can be implemented as an m-sequence of length 63. The measurement portion can be modulated. For example, the measurement portion can be OOK modulated (e.g., OOK-4). The measurement portion can be mapped onto OFDM symbols. For example, the measurement portion can be OOK modulated and mapped onto OFDM symbols.

[0177] For example, the end part can be implemented as "1111".

[0178] In step 3, the first device sends a third parameter to the second device.

[0179] For example, the first device can determine the path loss based on the received power of the measured reference signal and the transmitted power of the configured reference signal, and report the path loss to the second device.

[0180] For example, the first device can report the received power of the measured reference signal to the second device.

[0181] Example 2:

[0182] In step 1, the first device receives configuration information of the transmission power of the reference signal and configuration information of the time and frequency resources.

[0183] In step 2, the first device measures the reference signal on the first time-frequency resource.

[0184] In Embodiment 2, the first time-frequency resource can be determined based on the time-domain position of the time-frequency resource configuration information (or the transmission power configuration information of the reference signal). For example, the time-domain start position of the reference signal is offset by Ts from the time-domain end position of the time-domain resource configuration information. Here, Ts is the start offset of the time-domain resource of the reference signal. Another example is that the center frequency of the reference signal is offset by F at frequency point P. Here, frequency point P can be predetermined by the protocol.

[0185] In Example 2, the reference signal sequentially includes a preamble, a measurement portion, and a termination portion, as follows: Figure 10 As shown.

[0186] For example, the preamble can be implemented as a sequence of “11001000”. The duration of the preamble can be a fixed value; for example, the preamble can occupy 1.5 OFDM symbols.

[0187] For example, the measurement section can be implemented as an unmodulated OFDM waveform. The measurement section can be mapped onto OFDM symbols. For instance, the measurement section can be an unmodulated OFDM waveform and mapped onto OFDM symbols.

[0188] For example, the end part can be implemented as "1111".

[0189] In step 3, the first device sends a third parameter to the second device.

[0190] For example, the first device can determine the path loss based on the received power of the measured reference signal and the transmitted power of the configured reference signal, and report the path loss to the second device.

[0191] For example, the first device can report the received power of the measured reference signal to the second device.

[0192] Example 3:

[0193] In step 1, the first device receives configuration information about the transmission power of the reference signal.

[0194] In step 2, the first device measures the reference signal on the first time-frequency resource.

[0195] In Example 3, the first time-frequency resource can be determined based on the time-domain position of the A-IoT paging message. For example, the time-domain start position of the reference signal is offset by Ts from the time-domain end position of the A-IoT paging message, where Ts is the start offset of the time-domain resource of the reference signal. Another example is that the center frequency of the reference signal is offset by F from the center frequency position of the A-IoT paging message.

[0196] In Example 3, the reference signal sequentially includes a preamble, a guard interval, and a measurement section, such as... Figure 11 As shown.

[0197] For example, the preamble can be implemented as a "101011" sequence. The duration of the preamble can be a fixed value; for example, the preamble can occupy 1.5 OFDM symbols.

[0198] For example, the duration of the protection interval can be implemented as 0.5 symbols.

[0199] For example, the measurement portion can be implemented as a Gold sequence with a sequence length of 127. The measurement portion can be modulated. For example, the measurement portion can be modulated using OOK (such as OOK-4). The measurement portion can be mapped onto OFDM symbols. For example, the measurement portion can be modulated using OOK and mapped onto OFDM symbols.

[0200] In step 3, the first device sends a third parameter to the second device.

[0201] For example, the first device can determine the path loss based on the received power of the measured reference signal and the transmitted power of the configured reference signal, and report the path loss to the second device.

[0202] For example, the first device can report the received power of the measured reference signal to the second device.

[0203] The above text combined Figures 1 to 12 The method embodiments of this application are described in detail below, in conjunction with... Figures 13 to 15 The present application provides a detailed description of the apparatus embodiments. It should be understood that the descriptions of the method embodiments correspond to the descriptions of the apparatus embodiments; therefore, any parts not described in detail can be found in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0204] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 13 The communication device 1300 shown is a first device. The communication device 1300 may include a receiving module 1310. The receiving module 1310 can be used to receive a reference signal transmitted by a second device, the reference signal being used to determine the path loss between the first device and the second device; wherein the reference signal includes at least one of the following: a preamble; type information indicating that the reference signal is a reference signal used to determine the path loss; a measurement section for measuring the received power of the reference signal; a guard interval located before the measurement section; and an end portion.

[0205] In some embodiments, the duration of the protection interval is determined based on protocol predefined information, or the duration of the protection interval is determined based on first indication information sent by the second device.

[0206] In some embodiments, the duration of the protection interval includes X time units, where X is a positive integer; wherein the time unit is a symbol, chip duration, or milliseconds.

[0207] In some embodiments, the chip duration is associated with at least one of the following: the chip duration corresponding to the first message, the chip duration corresponding to the modulation parameters, and the subcarrier spacing corresponding to the OFDM waveform.

[0208] In some embodiments, the first message includes at least one of the following: the most recently received R2D message by the first device, the most recently sent D2R message by the first device, a paging message received by the first device, and a random access message sent by the first device.

[0209] In some embodiments, the first indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the duration of the protection interval, a first parameter; wherein the first parameter corresponds to the duration of the protection interval.

[0210] In some embodiments, the first parameter includes one or more of the following: modulation parameters, coding modulation strategy, frequency domain position, subcarrier spacing, and first index.

[0211] In some embodiments, the protocol predefined information includes at least one of the following: the duration of the protection interval, and a second parameter; wherein the second parameter corresponds to the duration of the protection interval.

[0212] In some embodiments, the second parameter includes one or more of the following: preamble-related information, modulation parameters, coding and modulation strategy, frequency domain position, subcarrier spacing, and second index.

[0213] In some embodiments, the preamble is used to indicate the starting position of the reference signal; and / or, the preamble is used for the first device to perform time synchronization.

[0214] In some embodiments, the preamble satisfies at least one of the following: the duration of the preamble is a fixed value or a variable value; the duration of the preamble is determined based on protocol predefined information and / or indication information of the second device; the preamble is channel-coded or unchannel-coded; the preamble is a preamble dedicated to the reference signal; the last bit of the sequence in the preamble is 0.

[0215] In some embodiments, the measurement portion satisfies at least one of the following: the measurement portion contains an unmodulated carrier signal, or a modulated signal with a constant envelope; the measurement portion is channel-coded or unchannel-coded; the measurement portion is CRC-coded.

[0216] In some embodiments, the CRC code used in the CRC encoding is scrambled based on first identification information.

[0217] In some embodiments, the portion of the reference signal used to carry the type information is located after the preamble and / or before the measurement portion.

[0218] In some embodiments, the path loss is determined based on measurements of the reference signal within a first time range and / or a first frequency range.

[0219] In some embodiments, the measured values ​​include at least one of the following: RSRP, L3 RSRP, RSSI, and RSRQ.

[0220] In some embodiments, the first frequency range is determined based on at least one of the following: the total bandwidth occupied by the reference signal, the bandwidth indicated by the second device, and the bandwidth predefined by the protocol.

[0221] In some embodiments, the first time range is determined based on at least one of the following: the duration of the measurement portion, the duration of the preceding portion, and the duration of the ending portion.

[0222] In some embodiments, the time-domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on pre-configuration information sent by the second device, and / or the time-domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on a method pre-defined by the protocol; wherein the pre-configuration information includes time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

[0223] In some embodiments, the reference signal is a periodically transmitted reference signal, or the reference signal is a semi-persistently transmitted reference signal, or the reference signal is a non-periodicly transmitted reference signal.

[0224] In some embodiments, the reference position of the time-domain start position of the reference signal is determined based on at least one of the following: the time-domain position of the transmission resource of the pre-configuration information sent by the second device, the time-domain position of the transmission resource of the activation information of the reference signal, the time-domain position of the transmission resource of the second indication information, and the time-domain position of the transmission resource of the first R2D message.

[0225] In some embodiments, the second indication information is information sent by the second device to instruct the first device to measure the reference signal, and / or the second indication information includes time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

[0226] In some embodiments, the first R2D message is used to carry at least one of the following: paging message, random access response message, contention resolution message, access timing trigger message, R2D upper layer data transmission message, scheduling information, data, synchronization signal, cell search information, and system information.

[0227] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource-related information includes at least one of the following: a parameter for determining the time-domain start position of the time-domain resource, a parameter for determining the time-domain end position of the time-domain resource, a parameter for determining the duration of the time-domain resource, and a parameter for determining the period of the time-domain resource.

[0228] In some embodiments, the frequency domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on pre-configuration information sent by the second device, the pre-configuration information including frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

[0229] In some embodiments, the frequency domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on third indication information sent by the second device, the third indication information being used to instruct the first device to measure the reference signal, and the third indication information containing information related to the frequency domain resources of the reference signal.

[0230] In some embodiments, the frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal includes at least one of the following: frequency domain start position, center frequency, index information of the channel, bandwidth size, and guard band size.

[0231] In some embodiments, the reference signal is also used to perform at least one of the following operations: time-frequency synchronization, distance measurement, and clock frequency offset correction.

[0232] In some embodiments, the communication device further includes a transmitting module 1320, configured to transmit a third parameter to the second device, the third parameter including the path loss and / or a measurement value obtained by measuring the reference signal.

[0233] In some embodiments, the first device is an A-IoT device, and / or the second device is a reader.

[0234] In some embodiments, the receiving module 1310 may be a transceiver 1530. The communication device 1300 may also include a processor 1510 and a memory 1520, specifically as follows: Figure 15 As shown.

[0235] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in another embodiment of this application. Figure 14 The communication device 1400 shown is a second device. The communication device 1400 may include a transmitting module 1410. The transmitting module 1410 can be used to transmit a reference signal to a first device, the reference signal being used to determine the path loss between the first device and the second device; wherein the reference signal includes at least one of the following: a preamble; type information indicating that the reference signal is a reference signal for determining the path loss; a measurement portion for measuring the received power of the reference signal; a guard interval located before the measurement portion; and an end portion.

[0236] In some embodiments, the duration of the protection interval is determined based on protocol predefined information, or the duration of the protection interval is determined based on first indication information sent by the second device.

[0237] In some embodiments, the duration of the protection interval includes X time units, where X is a positive integer; wherein the time unit is a symbol, chip duration, or milliseconds.

[0238] In some embodiments, the chip duration is associated with at least one of the following: the chip duration corresponding to the first message, the chip duration corresponding to the modulation parameters, and the subcarrier spacing corresponding to the OFDM waveform.

[0239] In some embodiments, the first message includes at least one of the following: the most recently received R2D message by the first device, the most recently sent D2R message by the first device, a paging message received by the first device, and a random access message sent by the first device.

[0240] In some embodiments, the first indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the duration of the protection interval, a first parameter; wherein the first parameter corresponds to the duration of the protection interval.

[0241] In some embodiments, the first parameter includes one or more of the following: modulation parameters, coding modulation strategy, frequency domain position, subcarrier spacing, and first index.

[0242] In some embodiments, the protocol predefined information includes at least one of the following: the duration of the protection interval, and a second parameter; wherein the second parameter corresponds to the duration of the protection interval.

[0243] In some embodiments, the second parameter includes one or more of the following: preamble-related information, modulation parameters, coding and modulation strategy, frequency domain position, subcarrier spacing, and second index.

[0244] In some embodiments, the preamble is used to indicate the starting position of the reference signal; and / or, the preamble is used for the first device to perform time synchronization.

[0245] In some embodiments, the preamble satisfies at least one of the following: the duration of the preamble is a fixed value or a variable value; the duration of the preamble is determined based on protocol predefined information and / or indication information of the second device; the preamble is channel-coded or unchannel-coded; the preamble is a preamble dedicated to the reference signal; the last bit of the sequence in the preamble is 0.

[0246] In some embodiments, the measurement portion satisfies at least one of the following: the measurement portion contains an unmodulated carrier signal, or a modulated signal with a constant envelope; the measurement portion is channel-coded or unchannel-coded; the measurement portion is CRC-coded.

[0247] In some embodiments, the CRC code used in the CRC encoding is scrambled based on first identification information.

[0248] In some embodiments, the portion of the reference signal used to carry the type information is located after the preamble and / or before the measurement portion.

[0249] In some embodiments, the path loss is determined based on measurements of the reference signal within a first time range and / or a first frequency range.

[0250] In some embodiments, the measured values ​​include at least one of the following: RSRP, L3 RSRP, RSSI, and RSRQ.

[0251] In some embodiments, the first frequency range is determined based on at least one of the following: the total bandwidth occupied by the reference signal, the bandwidth indicated by the second device, and the bandwidth predefined by the protocol.

[0252] In some embodiments, the first time range is determined based on at least one of the following: the duration of the measurement portion, the duration of the preceding portion, and the duration of the ending portion.

[0253] In some embodiments, the time-domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on pre-configuration information sent by the second device, and / or the time-domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on a method pre-defined by the protocol; wherein the pre-configuration information includes time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

[0254] In some embodiments, the reference signal is a periodically transmitted reference signal, or the reference signal is a semi-persistently transmitted reference signal, or the reference signal is a non-periodicly transmitted reference signal.

[0255] In some embodiments, the reference position of the time-domain start position of the reference signal is determined based on at least one of the following: the time-domain position of the transmission resource of the pre-configuration information sent by the second device, the time-domain position of the transmission resource of the activation information of the reference signal, the time-domain position of the transmission resource of the second indication information, and the time-domain position of the transmission resource of the first R2D message.

[0256] In some embodiments, the second indication information is information sent by the second device to instruct the first device to measure the reference signal, and / or the second indication information includes time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

[0257] In some embodiments, the first R2D message is used to carry at least one of the following: paging message, random access response message, contention resolution message, access timing trigger message, R2D upper layer data transmission message, scheduling information, data, synchronization signal, cell search information, and system information.

[0258] In some embodiments, the time-domain resource-related information includes at least one of the following: a parameter for determining the time-domain start position of the time-domain resource, a parameter for determining the time-domain end position of the time-domain resource, a parameter for determining the duration of the time-domain resource, and a parameter for determining the period of the time-domain resource.

[0259] In some embodiments, the frequency domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on pre-configuration information sent by the second device, the pre-configuration information including frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

[0260] In some embodiments, the frequency domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on third indication information sent by the second device, the third indication information being used to instruct the first device to measure the reference signal, and the third indication information containing information related to the frequency domain resources of the reference signal.

[0261] In some embodiments, the frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal includes at least one of the following: frequency domain start position, center frequency, index information of the channel, bandwidth size, and guard band size.

[0262] In some embodiments, the reference signal is also used to perform at least one of the following operations: time-frequency synchronization, distance measurement, and clock frequency offset correction.

[0263] In some embodiments, the communication device further includes a receiving module 1420, configured to receive a third parameter sent by the first device, the third parameter including the path loss and / or a measurement value obtained by measuring the reference signal.

[0264] In some embodiments, the first device is an A-IoT device, and / or the second device is a reader.

[0265] In some embodiments, the transmitting module 1410 may be a transceiver 1530. The communication device 1400 may also include a processor 1510 and a memory 1520, specifically as follows: Figure 15 As shown.

[0266] Figure 15 This is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 15 The dashed lines indicate that the unit or module is optional. The device 1500 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments. The device 1500 can be a chip, a terminal device, or a network device.

[0267] Apparatus 1500 may include one or more processors 1510. The processor 1510 may support apparatus 1500 in implementing the methods described in the preceding method embodiments. The processor 1510 may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor. For example, the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU). Alternatively, the processor may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0268] The apparatus 1500 may further include one or more memories 1520. The memories 1520 store a program that can be executed by the processor 1510, causing the processor 1510 to perform the methods described in the preceding method embodiments. The memories 1520 may be independent of the processor 1510 or integrated into the processor 1510.

[0269] The device 1500 may also include a transceiver 1530. The processor 1510 can communicate with other devices or chips via the transceiver 1530. For example, the processor 1510 can send and receive data with other devices or chips via the transceiver 1530.

[0270] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a program. This computer-readable storage medium can be applied to a terminal device or network device provided in this application embodiment, and the program causes a computer to execute the methods performed by the terminal device or network device in the various embodiments of this application.

[0271] This application also provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes a program. This computer program product can be applied to a terminal device or network device provided in the embodiments of this application, and the program causes a computer to execute the methods performed by the terminal device or network device in the various embodiments of this application.

[0272] This application also provides a computer program. This computer program can be applied to the terminal device or network device provided in this application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the methods performed by the terminal device or network device in various embodiments of this application.

[0273] It should be understood that the terms "system" and "network" in this application can be used interchangeably. Furthermore, the terminology used in this application is only for explaining specific embodiments of the application and is not intended to limit the application. The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0274] In the embodiments of this application, the term "instruction" can be a direct instruction, an indirect instruction, or an indication of a relationship. For example, A instructing B can mean that A directly instructs B, such as B being able to obtain information through A; it can also mean that A indirectly instructs B, such as A instructing C, so B can obtain information through C; or it can mean that there is a relationship between A and B.

[0275] In the embodiments of this application, "B corresponding to A" means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined based on A. However, it should also be understood that determining B based on A does not mean that B is determined solely based on A; B can also be determined based on A and / or other information.

[0276] In the embodiments of this application, the term "correspondence" can indicate a direct or indirect correspondence between two things, or an association between two things, or a relationship such as instruction and being instructed, configuration and being configured.

[0277] In the embodiments of this application, the term "comprising" can refer to direct inclusion or indirect inclusion. Optionally, "comprising" in the embodiments of this application can be replaced with "instructing" or "used to determine". For example, "A includes B" can be replaced with "A instructs B" or "A is used to determine B".

[0278] In this application embodiment, "predefined" or "preconfigured" can be implemented by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other means that can be used to indicate relevant information in the device (e.g., including terminal devices and network devices). This application does not limit the specific implementation method. For example, predefined can refer to what is defined in the protocol.

[0279] In this application embodiment, the "protocol" may refer to a standard protocol in the field of communication, such as the LTE protocol, the NR protocol, and related protocols applied to future communication systems. This application does not limit this.

[0280] In the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0281] In the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0282] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0283] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0284] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0285] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can read or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., digital video discs, DVDs) or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state disks, SSDs), etc.

[0286] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, include: The first device receives a reference signal sent by the second device, the reference signal being used to determine the path loss between the first device and the second device; The reference signal includes at least one of the following: Prelude; Type information, used to indicate that the reference signal is a reference signal used to determine road loss; The measurement section is used to measure the received power of the reference signal; A guard interval is located before the measuring section; The end part.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The duration of the protection interval is determined based on predefined protocol information, or the duration of the protection interval is determined based on first indication information sent by the second device.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The duration of the protection interval includes X time units, where X is a positive integer; wherein, the time unit is a symbol, chip duration, or milliseconds.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The chip duration is associated with at least one of the following: the chip duration corresponding to the first message, the chip duration corresponding to the modulation parameters, and the subcarrier spacing corresponding to the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first message includes at least one of the following: the most recently received reader-to-device R2D message by the first device, the most recently sent device-to-reader D2R message by the first device, a paging message received by the first device, and a random access message sent by the first device.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the duration of the protection interval, and a first parameter; wherein the first parameter has a corresponding relationship with the duration of the protection interval.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The first parameter includes one or more of the following: modulation parameters, coding modulation strategy, frequency domain position, subcarrier spacing, and first index.

8. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The predefined information of the protocol includes at least one of the following: the duration of the protection interval, and a second parameter; wherein the second parameter corresponds to the duration of the protection interval.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second parameter includes one or more of the following: preamble-related information, modulation parameters, coding and modulation strategy, frequency domain position, subcarrier spacing, and second index.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The preamble is used to indicate the starting position of the reference signal; and / or, The preamble is used for time synchronization of the first device.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The leader satisfies at least one of the following: The duration of the preamble can be a fixed value or a variable value; The duration of the preamble is determined based on protocol predefined information and / or indication information from the second device; The preamble may or may not be channel-coded; The preamble is a preamble specifically used for the reference signal; The last bit of the sequence in the preamble is 0.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The measurement portion satisfies at least one of the following: The measurement section includes an unmodulated carrier signal, or a modulated signal with a constant envelope; The measurement portion may or may not be channel-coded; The measurement section is encoded using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The CRC code used in the CRC encoding is based on scrambling of the first identification information.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The portion of the reference signal used to carry the type information is located after the preamble and / or before the measurement portion.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, The road loss is determined based on measured values, which are determined by measuring the reference signal within a first time range and / or a first frequency range.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The measured values ​​include at least one of the following: Layer 1 reference signal received power L1 RSRP, Layer 3 reference signal received power L3 RSRP, Received signal strength indication RSSI, and Reference signal received quality RSRQ.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, The first frequency range is determined based on at least one of the following: the total bandwidth occupied by the reference signal, the bandwidth indicated by the second device, and the bandwidth predefined by the protocol.

18. The method according to any one of claims 15-17, characterized in that, The first time range is determined based on at least one of the following: the duration of the measurement portion, the duration of the preamble, and the duration of the end portion.

19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that, The time-domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on the pre-configuration information sent by the second device, and / or the time-domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on a method pre-defined by the protocol; wherein the pre-configuration information includes time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that, The reference signal is a periodically transmitted reference signal, or a semi-persistently transmitted reference signal, or a non-periodicly transmitted reference signal.

21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that, The reference position of the time-domain start position of the reference signal is determined based on at least one of the following: the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the pre-configuration information sent by the second device, the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the activation information of the reference signal, the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the second indication information, and the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the first R2D message.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The second indication information is information sent by the second device to instruct the first device to measure the reference signal, and / or the second indication information includes time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

23. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The first R2D message is used to carry at least one of the following: paging message, random access response message, contention resolution message, access timing trigger message, R2D upper layer data transmission message, scheduling information, data, synchronization signal, cell search information, and system information.

24. The method according to claim 19 or 23, characterized in that, The time-domain resource-related information includes at least one of the following: a parameter for determining the time-domain start position of the time-domain resource, a parameter for determining the time-domain end position of the time-domain resource, a parameter for determining the duration of the time-domain resource, and a parameter for determining the period of the time-domain resource.

25. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that, The frequency domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on pre-configuration information sent by the second device, the pre-configuration information including frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

26. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that, The frequency domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on third indication information sent by the second device. The third indication information is used to instruct the first device to measure the reference signal, and the third indication information contains information related to the frequency domain resources of the reference signal.

27. The method according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that, The frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal includes at least one of the following: frequency domain start position, center frequency, index information of the channel, bandwidth size, and guard band size.

28. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that, The reference signal is also used to perform at least one of the following operations: time-frequency synchronization, distance measurement, and clock frequency offset correction.

29. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that, The method further includes: The first device sends a third parameter to the second device, the third parameter including the path loss and / or the measurement value obtained by measuring the reference signal.

30. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that, The first device is an environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) device, and / or the second device is a reader.

31. A communication method, characterized in that, include: The second device sends a reference signal to the first device, the reference signal being used to determine the path loss between the first device and the second device; The reference signal includes at least one of the following: Prelude; Type information, used to indicate that the reference signal is a reference signal used to determine road loss; The measurement section is used to measure the received power of the reference signal; A guard interval is located before the measuring section; The end part.

32. The method according to claim 31, characterized in that, The duration of the protection interval is determined based on predefined protocol information, or the duration of the protection interval is determined based on first indication information sent by the second device.

33. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that, The duration of the protection interval includes X time units, where X is a positive integer; wherein, the time unit is a symbol, chip duration, or milliseconds.

34. The method according to claim 33, characterized in that, The chip duration is associated with at least one of the following: the chip duration corresponding to the first message, the chip duration corresponding to the modulation parameters, and the subcarrier spacing corresponding to the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform.

35. The method according to claim 34, characterized in that, The first message includes at least one of the following: the most recently received reader-to-device R2D message by the first device, the most recently sent device-to-reader D2R message by the first device, a paging message received by the first device, and a random access message sent by the first device.

36. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that, The first indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the duration of the protection interval, and a first parameter; wherein the first parameter has a corresponding relationship with the duration of the protection interval.

37. The method according to claim 36, characterized in that, The first parameter includes one or more of the following: modulation parameters, coding modulation strategy, frequency domain position, subcarrier spacing, and first index.

38. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that, The predefined information of the protocol includes at least one of the following: the duration of the protection interval, and a second parameter; wherein the second parameter corresponds to the duration of the protection interval.

39. The method according to claim 38, characterized in that, The second parameter includes one or more of the following: preamble-related information, modulation parameters, coding and modulation strategy, frequency domain position, subcarrier spacing, and second index.

40. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 39, characterized in that, The preamble is used to indicate the starting position of the reference signal; and / or, The preamble is used for time synchronization of the first device.

41. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 40, characterized in that, The leader satisfies at least one of the following: The duration of the preamble can be a fixed value or a variable value; The duration of the preamble is determined based on protocol predefined information and / or indication information from the second device; The preamble may or may not be channel-coded; The preamble is a preamble specifically used for the reference signal; The last bit of the sequence in the preamble is 0.

42. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 41, characterized in that, The measurement portion satisfies at least one of the following: The measurement section includes an unmodulated carrier signal, or a modulated signal with a constant envelope; The measurement portion may or may not be channel-coded; The measurement section is encoded using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

43. The method according to claim 42, characterized in that, The CRC code used in the CRC encoding is based on scrambling of the first identification information.

44. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 43, characterized in that, The portion of the reference signal used to carry the type information is located after the preamble and / or before the measurement portion.

45. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 44, characterized in that, The road loss is determined based on measured values, which are determined by measuring the reference signal within a first time range and / or a first frequency range.

46. ​​The method according to claim 45, characterized in that, The measured values ​​include at least one of the following: Layer 1 reference signal received power L1 RSRP, Layer 3 reference signal received power L3 RSRP, Received signal strength indication RSSI, and Reference signal received quality RSRQ.

47. The method according to claim 45 or 46, characterized in that, The first frequency range is determined based on at least one of the following: the total bandwidth occupied by the reference signal, the bandwidth indicated by the second device, and the bandwidth predefined by the protocol.

48. The method according to any one of claims 45-47, characterized in that, The first time range is determined based on at least one of the following: the duration of the measurement portion, the duration of the preamble, and the duration of the end portion.

49. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 48, characterized in that, The time-domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on the pre-configuration information sent by the second device, and / or the time-domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on a method pre-defined by the protocol; wherein the pre-configuration information includes time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

50. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 49, characterized in that, The reference signal is a periodically transmitted reference signal, or a semi-persistently transmitted reference signal, or a non-periodicly transmitted reference signal.

51. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 50, characterized in that, The reference position of the time-domain start position of the reference signal is determined based on at least one of the following: the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the pre-configuration information sent by the second device, the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the activation information of the reference signal, the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the second indication information, and the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the first R2D message.

52. The method according to claim 51, characterized in that, The second indication information is information sent by the second device to instruct the first device to measure the reference signal, and / or the second indication information includes time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

53. The method according to claim 51, characterized in that, The first R2D message is used to carry at least one of the following: paging message, random access response message, contention resolution message, access timing trigger message, R2D upper layer data transmission message, scheduling information, data, synchronization signal, cell search information, and system information.

54. The method according to claim 49 or 53, characterized in that, The time-domain resource-related information includes at least one of the following: a parameter for determining the time-domain start position of the time-domain resource, a parameter for determining the time-domain end position of the time-domain resource, a parameter for determining the duration of the time-domain resource, and a parameter for determining the period of the time-domain resource.

55. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 54, characterized in that, The frequency domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on pre-configuration information sent by the second device, the pre-configuration information including frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

56. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 55, characterized in that, The frequency domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on third indication information sent by the second device. The third indication information is used to instruct the first device to measure the reference signal, and the third indication information contains information related to the frequency domain resources of the reference signal.

57. The method according to claim 55 or 56, characterized in that, The frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal includes at least one of the following: frequency domain start position, center frequency, index information of the channel, bandwidth size, and guard band size.

58. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 57, characterized in that, The reference signal is also used to perform at least one of the following operations: time-frequency synchronization, distance measurement, and clock frequency offset correction.

59. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 58, characterized in that, The method further includes: The second device receives a third parameter sent by the first device, the third parameter including the path loss and / or the measurement value obtained by measuring the reference signal.

60. The method according to any one of claims 31 to 59, characterized in that, The first device is an environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) device, and / or the second device is a reader.

61. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device is a first device, and the communication device includes: A receiving module is used to receive a reference signal sent by a second device, the reference signal being used to determine the path loss between the first device and the second device; The reference signal includes at least one of the following: Prelude; Type information, used to indicate that the reference signal is a reference signal used to determine road loss; The measurement section is used to measure the received power of the reference signal; A guard interval is located before the measuring section; The end part.

62. The communication device according to claim 61, characterized in that, The duration of the protection interval is determined based on predefined protocol information, or the duration of the protection interval is determined based on first indication information sent by the second device.

63. The communication device according to claim 62, characterized in that, The duration of the protection interval includes X time units, where X is a positive integer; wherein, the time unit is a symbol, chip duration, or milliseconds.

64. The communication device according to claim 63, characterized in that, The chip duration is associated with at least one of the following: the chip duration corresponding to the first message, the chip duration corresponding to the modulation parameters, and the subcarrier spacing corresponding to the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform.

65. The communication device according to claim 64, characterized in that, The first message includes at least one of the following: the most recently received reader-to-device R2D message by the first device, the most recently sent device-to-reader D2R message by the first device, a paging message received by the first device, and a random access message sent by the first device.

66. The communication device according to claim 62, characterized in that, The first indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the duration of the protection interval, and a first parameter; wherein the first parameter has a corresponding relationship with the duration of the protection interval.

67. The communication device according to claim 66, characterized in that, The first parameter includes one or more of the following: modulation parameters, coding modulation strategy, frequency domain position, subcarrier spacing, and first index.

68. The communication device according to claim 62, characterized in that, The predefined information of the protocol includes at least one of the following: the duration of the protection interval, and a second parameter; wherein the second parameter corresponds to the duration of the protection interval.

69. The communication device according to claim 68, characterized in that, The second parameter includes one or more of the following: preamble-related information, modulation parameters, coding and modulation strategy, frequency domain position, subcarrier spacing, and second index.

70. The communication device according to any one of claims 61 to 69, characterized in that, The preamble is used to indicate the starting position of the reference signal; and / or, The preamble is used for time synchronization of the first device.

71. The communication device according to any one of claims 61 to 70, characterized in that, The leader satisfies at least one of the following: The duration of the preamble can be a fixed value or a variable value; The duration of the preamble is determined based on protocol predefined information and / or indication information from the second device; The preamble may or may not be channel-coded; The preamble is a preamble specifically used for the reference signal; The last bit of the sequence in the preamble is 0.

72. The communication device according to any one of claims 61 to 71, characterized in that, The measurement portion satisfies at least one of the following: The measurement section includes an unmodulated carrier signal, or a modulated signal with a constant envelope; The measurement portion may or may not be channel-coded; The measurement section is encoded using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

73. The communication device according to claim 72, characterized in that, The CRC code used in the CRC encoding is based on scrambling of the first identification information.

74. The communication device according to any one of claims 61 to 73, characterized in that, The portion of the reference signal used to carry the type information is located after the preamble and / or before the measurement portion.

75. The communication device according to any one of claims 61 to 74, characterized in that, The road loss is determined based on measured values, which are determined by measuring the reference signal within a first time range and / or a first frequency range.

76. The communication device according to claim 75, characterized in that, The measured values ​​include at least one of the following: Layer 1 reference signal received power L1 RSRP, Layer 3 reference signal received power L3 RSRP, Received signal strength indication RSSI, and Reference signal received quality RSRQ.

77. The communication device according to claim 75 or 76, characterized in that, The first frequency range is determined based on at least one of the following: the total bandwidth occupied by the reference signal, the bandwidth indicated by the second device, and the bandwidth predefined by the protocol.

78. The communication device according to any one of claims 75-77, characterized in that, The first time range is determined based on at least one of the following: the duration of the measurement portion, the duration of the preamble, and the duration of the end portion.

79. The communication device according to any one of claims 61 to 78, characterized in that, The time-domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on the pre-configuration information sent by the second device, and / or the time-domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on a method pre-defined by the protocol; wherein the pre-configuration information includes time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

80. The communication device according to any one of claims 61 to 79, characterized in that, The reference signal is a periodically transmitted reference signal, or a semi-persistently transmitted reference signal, or a non-periodicly transmitted reference signal.

81. The communication device according to any one of claims 61 to 80, characterized in that, The reference position of the time-domain start position of the reference signal is determined based on at least one of the following: the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the pre-configuration information sent by the second device, the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the activation information of the reference signal, the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the second indication information, and the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the first R2D message.

82. The communication device according to claim 81, characterized in that, The second indication information is information sent by the second device to instruct the first device to measure the reference signal, and / or the second indication information includes time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

83. The communication device according to claim 81, characterized in that, The first R2D message is used to carry at least one of the following: paging message, random access response message, contention resolution message, access timing trigger message, R2D upper layer data transmission message, scheduling information, data, synchronization signal, cell search information, and system information.

84. The communication device according to claim 79 or 83, characterized in that, The time-domain resource-related information includes at least one of the following: a parameter for determining the time-domain start position of the time-domain resource, a parameter for determining the time-domain end position of the time-domain resource, a parameter for determining the duration of the time-domain resource, and a parameter for determining the period of the time-domain resource.

85. The communication device according to any one of claims 61 to 84, characterized in that, The frequency domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on pre-configuration information sent by the second device, the pre-configuration information including frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

86. The communication device according to any one of claims 61 to 85, characterized in that, The frequency domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on third indication information sent by the second device. The third indication information is used to instruct the first device to measure the reference signal, and the third indication information contains information related to the frequency domain resources of the reference signal.

87. The communication device according to claim 85 or 86, characterized in that, The frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal includes at least one of the following: frequency domain start position, center frequency, index information of the channel, bandwidth size, and guard band size.

88. The communication device according to any one of claims 61 to 87, characterized in that, The reference signal is also used to perform at least one of the following operations: time-frequency synchronization, distance measurement, and clock frequency offset correction.

89. The communication device according to any one of claims 61 to 88, characterized in that, The communication device also includes: The transmitting module is used to transmit a third parameter to the second device, the third parameter including the path loss and / or the measurement value obtained by measuring the reference signal.

90. The communication device according to any one of claims 61 to 89, characterized in that, The first device is an environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) device, and / or the second device is a reader.

91. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device is a second device, and the communication device includes: A transmitting module is used to transmit a reference signal to a first device, the reference signal being used to determine the path loss between the first device and the second device; The reference signal includes at least one of the following: Prelude; Type information, used to indicate that the reference signal is a reference signal used to determine road loss; The measurement section is used to measure the received power of the reference signal; A guard interval is located before the measuring section; The end part.

92. The communication device according to claim 91, characterized in that, The duration of the protection interval is determined based on predefined protocol information, or the duration of the protection interval is determined based on first indication information sent by the second device.

93. The communication device according to claim 92, characterized in that, The duration of the protection interval includes X time units, where X is a positive integer; wherein, the time unit is a symbol, chip duration, or milliseconds.

94. The communication device according to claim 93, characterized in that, The chip duration is associated with at least one of the following: the chip duration corresponding to the first message, the chip duration corresponding to the modulation parameters, and the subcarrier spacing corresponding to the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform.

95. The communication device according to claim 94, characterized in that, The first message includes at least one of the following: the most recently received reader-to-device R2D message by the first device, the most recently sent device-to-reader D2R message by the first device, a paging message received by the first device, and a random access message sent by the first device.

96. The communication device according to claim 92, characterized in that, The first indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: the duration of the protection interval, and a first parameter; wherein the first parameter has a corresponding relationship with the duration of the protection interval.

97. The communication device according to claim 96, characterized in that, The first parameter includes one or more of the following: modulation parameters, coding modulation strategy, frequency domain position, subcarrier spacing, and first index.

98. The communication device according to claim 92, characterized in that, The predefined information of the protocol includes at least one of the following: the duration of the protection interval, and a second parameter; wherein the second parameter corresponds to the duration of the protection interval.

99. The communication device according to claim 98, characterized in that, The second parameter includes one or more of the following: preamble-related information, modulation parameters, coding and modulation strategy, frequency domain position, subcarrier spacing, and second index.

100. The communication device according to any one of claims 91 to 99, characterized in that, The preamble is used to indicate the starting position of the reference signal; and / or, The preamble is used for time synchronization of the first device.

101. The communication device according to any one of claims 91 to 100, characterized in that, The leader satisfies at least one of the following: The duration of the preamble can be a fixed value or a variable value; The duration of the preamble is determined based on protocol predefined information and / or indication information from the second device; The preamble may or may not be channel-coded; The preamble is a preamble specifically used for the reference signal; The last bit of the sequence in the preamble is 0.

102. The communication device according to any one of claims 91 to 101, characterized in that, The measurement portion satisfies at least one of the following: The measurement section includes an unmodulated carrier signal, or a modulated signal with a constant envelope; The measurement portion may or may not be channel-coded; The measurement section is encoded using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).

103. The communication device according to claim 102, characterized in that, The CRC code used in the CRC encoding is based on scrambling of the first identification information.

104. The communication device according to any one of claims 91 to 103, characterized in that, The portion of the reference signal used to carry the type information is located after the preamble and / or before the measurement portion.

105. The communication device according to any one of claims 91 to 104, characterized in that, The road loss is determined based on measured values, which are determined by measuring the reference signal within a first time range and / or a first frequency range.

106. The communication device according to claim 105, characterized in that, The measured values ​​include at least one of the following: Layer 1 reference signal received power L1 RSRP, Layer 3 reference signal received power L3 RSRP, Received signal strength indication RSSI, and Reference signal received quality RSRQ.

107. The communication device according to claim 105 or 106, characterized in that, The first frequency range is determined based on at least one of the following: the total bandwidth occupied by the reference signal, the bandwidth indicated by the second device, and the bandwidth predefined by the protocol.

108. The communication device according to any one of claims 105-107, characterized in that, The first time range is determined based on at least one of the following: the duration of the measurement portion, the duration of the preamble, and the duration of the end portion.

109. The communication device according to any one of claims 91 to 108, characterized in that, The time-domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on the pre-configuration information sent by the second device, and / or the time-domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on a method pre-defined by the protocol; wherein the pre-configuration information includes time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

110. The communication device according to any one of claims 91 to 109, characterized in that, The reference signal is a periodically transmitted reference signal, or a semi-persistently transmitted reference signal, or a non-periodicly transmitted reference signal.

111. The communication device according to any one of claims 91 to 110, characterized in that, The reference position of the time-domain start position of the reference signal is determined based on at least one of the following: the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the pre-configuration information sent by the second device, the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the activation information of the reference signal, the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the second indication information, and the time-domain position of the transmission resources of the first R2D message.

112. The communication device according to claim 111, characterized in that, The second indication information is information sent by the second device to instruct the first device to measure the reference signal, and / or the second indication information includes time-domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

113. The communication device according to claim 111, characterized in that, The first R2D message is used to carry at least one of the following: paging message, random access response message, contention resolution message, access timing trigger message, R2D upper layer data transmission message, scheduling information, data, synchronization signal, cell search information, and system information.

114. The communication device according to claim 109 or 113, characterized in that, The time-domain resource-related information includes at least one of the following: a parameter for determining the time-domain start position of the time-domain resource, a parameter for determining the time-domain end position of the time-domain resource, a parameter for determining the duration of the time-domain resource, and a parameter for determining the period of the time-domain resource.

115. The communication device according to any one of claims 91 to 114, characterized in that, The frequency domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on pre-configuration information sent by the second device, the pre-configuration information including frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal.

116. The communication device according to any one of claims 91 to 115, characterized in that, The frequency domain resources of the reference signal are determined based on third indication information sent by the second device. The third indication information is used to instruct the first device to measure the reference signal, and the third indication information contains information related to the frequency domain resources of the reference signal.

117. The communication device according to claim 115 or 116, characterized in that, The frequency domain resource-related information of the reference signal includes at least one of the following: frequency domain start position, center frequency, index information of the channel, bandwidth size, and guard band size.

118. The communication device according to any one of claims 91 to 117, characterized in that, The reference signal is also used to perform at least one of the following operations: time-frequency synchronization, distance measurement, and clock frequency offset correction.

119. The communication device according to any one of claims 91 to 118, characterized in that, The communication device also includes: A receiving module is configured to receive a third parameter sent by the first device, the third parameter including the path loss and / or a measurement value obtained by measuring the reference signal.

120. The communication device according to any one of claims 91 to 119, characterized in that, The first device is an environmental Internet of Things (A-IoT) device, and / or the second device is a reader.

121. A communication device, characterized in that, The device includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor. The memory stores a program, and the processor invokes the program in the memory and controls the transceiver to receive or transmit signals so that the communication device performs the method as described in any one of claims 1-30.

122. A network device, characterized in that, The device includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor. The memory stores a program, and the processor invokes the program in the memory and controls the transceiver to receive or transmit signals so that the communication device performs the method as described in any one of claims 31-60.

123. An apparatus, characterized in that, Includes a processor for calling a program from memory to cause the device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-60.

124. A chip, characterized in that, Includes a processor for calling a program from memory, causing a device on which the chip is mounted to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-60.

125. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It contains a program that causes a computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-60.

126. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a program that causes a computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-60.

127. A computer program, characterized in that, The computer program causes the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-60.

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