Sarcandra glabra seed oil and quality-improving and efficiency-improving preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides sarcandra glabra seed oil and a quality-improving and efficiency-improving preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the steps that sarcandra glabra fruits are subjected to after-ripening treatment, and after-ripening fruits are obtained; after the after-ripening fruits are cleaned, peeled and disinfected, far infrared drying is carried out, and dried seeds are obtained; the preparation method comprises the following steps: squeezing dried seeds, primarily filtering, winterizing, and centrifugally filtering to obtain the sarcandra glabra seed oil with improved quality and efficiency. The sarcandra glabra seed oil can be used as a raw material for eating, health care, medicine and linoleic acid extraction. Through sand storage treatment, the sarcandra glabra fruits can be helped to complete after-ripening, so that the oil yield is remarkably increased, and the oil acid value is reduced. Sarcandra glabra seeds are treated in combination with far infrared rays and dried, and lipase, lipoxygenase and the like are passivated through rapid heating, so that grease is stabilized, and the acid value and the peroxide value are prevented from being increased; far infrared rays can heat water from the inside of molecules, internal pressure generated by vaporization of the water can effectively destroy cell structures, and the oil extraction rate is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of food processing, and relates to oil processing technology, particularly to a method for preparing Coralgranatum seed oil and its quality improvement and efficiency enhancement. Technical Background

[0002] While significant progress has been made in the research and development of *Sarcandra glabra* (Thunb.) Nakai, theoretical research on its seed oil is still very limited. There are no reports of *Sarcandra glabra* seed oil production to date, and no related patents have been published. *Sarcandra glabra* seeds are the mature fruits of the plant, belonging to the Chloranthaceae family. They are spherical or oval, approximately 3-4 mm in diameter, and bright red when ripe. *Sarcandra glabra* is widely distributed in southern China and Southeast Asia. The entire plant has medicinal value, traditionally used for clearing heat and detoxifying, promoting menstruation, and healing bones. The oil composition of *Sarcandra glabra* seeds has not been systematically studied, but fatty acids such as palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid, as well as volatile oil (approximately 0.15%-0.20%), have been isolated from the whole plant. *Sarcandra glabra* seed oil is rich in linoleic acid, with a relative content exceeding 60%, comparable only to walnut oil. Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid containing double bonds. It is widely recognized as playing an important role in human health and is an essential fatty acid. Its content is one of the important indicators of oil quality and it also has important industrial applications.

[0003] Currently, there is limited research on oil extraction from *Sarcandra glabra* seeds within the industry. Common processing methods for other plant seeds include solvent extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction, cold pressing, and microwave-assisted extraction. However, for specific plant seeds with varying physiological characteristics and compositions, appropriate production processes need to be established. In terms of raw material pretreatment, different methods should be adopted for different raw materials. Furthermore, different processing techniques also have corresponding drawbacks, including: residual organic solvents requiring strict purification and limiting their application in the food and pharmaceutical fields; high-temperature extraction potentially damaging heat-sensitive components; the extracted oil containing impurities such as proteins or mucilage, requiring additional filtration and purification; and complex processes requiring precise control of parameters such as temperature and flow rate, leading to operational difficulties.

[0004] In response, the inventors discovered through long-term research that *Sarcandra glabra* seeds undergo a significant post-ripening process, and that far-infrared radiation can significantly improve the oil yield of *Sarcandra glabra* seeds. Therefore, they established a method for preparing *Sarcandra glabra* seed oil by combining sand storage of *Sarcandra glabra* fruits with far-infrared synergistic pretreatment of seeds, which can improve the oil yield of *Sarcandra glabra* seed oil and reduce the acid value and peroxide value of the oil. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above analysis, this invention proposes a method for preparing Cordyceps militaris seed oil and improving its quality and efficiency. This method can effectively solve the problems of increasing the oil yield of Cordyceps militaris seeds and reducing the acid value and peroxide value of the oil.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention first discloses a method for preparing Coralgranatum seed oil and its quality-enhancing and efficiency-improving preparation, comprising:

[0008] (1) The fruit of the coral grass is subjected to a post-ripening treatment to obtain post-ripened fruit;

[0009] (2) After the ripening fruit is washed, peeled and disinfected, it is dried by far-infrared drying to obtain dried seeds;

[0010] (3) After pressing the dried fruit seeds to obtain the virgin oil, first filter it, then winterize and centrifuge to obtain a high-quality and high-efficiency coral seed oil.

[0011] Furthermore, the post-ripening treatment in step (1) is sand storage treatment.

[0012] Furthermore, the sand storage treatment includes: mixing the fruit of *Sarcandra glabra* with clean, moist medium sand at a volume ratio of 1:3, storing it in sand for 20 days to 3 months, and taking it out when the peel turns completely black and is easy to crush, or extending the time slightly to 2 to 3 natural months. It must be taken out before the temperature at the sand storage location rises to 15°C to proceed to the next step.

[0013] Further, the disinfection process in step (2) includes treating the peeled fruit with hydrogen peroxide.

[0014] Furthermore, the hydrogen peroxide treatment includes:

[0015] Soak the seeds of *Sarcandra glabra* in a 1-3% hydrogen peroxide solution for 1-5 minutes, then remove them, rinse with clean water for 1 minute, and drain.

[0016] Further, the far-infrared drying in step (3) includes: spreading the disinfected seeds flat in a far-infrared equipment box and irradiating them at 60~70℃ for 2~6 hours until the seed moisture content is <8%; or spreading the disinfected seeds flat in a far-infrared equipment box and irradiating them at 60~70℃ for 1 hour, and then drying them with hot air at 60~70℃ until the seed moisture content is <8%.

[0017] Further, the low-temperature pressing in step (3) includes: adding the dried Coralgranatum seeds into the press chamber while they are still hot for pressing, maintaining the pressing temperature at 60~75℃, to obtain Coralgranatum seed virgin oil.

[0018] Further, the initial filtration in step (3) includes: centrifugation or plate and frame filtration.

[0019] Furthermore, the centrifugation process includes: centrifuging the crude oil obtained by pressing at a speed of 4000~6000 r / min for 10~20 min to obtain the initial filtered oil of Cordyceps militaris seeds.

[0020] Further, the winterization treatment in step (3) includes: the obtained primary filtered oil from the coral grass seeds is introduced into a winterization tank at 0~8℃ for winterization treatment for 2~5 days.

[0021] Further, the centrifugation conditions in step (3) are: centrifugation at 6000~8000 r / min for 10~20 min.

[0022] The present invention also discloses a quality-enhancing and efficiency-improving coralgrass seed oil obtained according to any of the above-described processing methods.

[0023] The present invention also discloses the application of the above-mentioned coralgrass seed oil in the preparation of food, medicine and health products.

[0024] The present invention also discloses the application of the above-mentioned coralberry seed oil in the preparation of linoleic acid.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0026] (1) The present invention proposes to treat the raw material, the fruit of the coral grass, with sand storage, which can help the fruit of the coral grass to complete the ripening process. Because the fruit of the coral grass has a long ripening process, during the ripening process, the free fatty acids are gradually converted into triglycerides and the saturated fatty acids are gradually converted into unsaturated fatty acids, thereby significantly increasing the oil yield and reducing the acid value and peroxide value of the oil. At the same time, the peel is decomposed, making it easier to extract the seeds.

[0027] (2) The present invention proposes to disinfect seeds with hydrogen peroxide, which can basically kill bacteria and other microorganisms on the seed surface that have multiplied due to sand storage, so as to prevent them from entering the oil. Moreover, after hydrogen peroxide decomposes, it becomes water and active oxygen, leaving no harmful components.

[0028] (3) The present invention proposes that the process time can be shortened and the oil yield can be significantly improved by treating and drying the seeds of Coralgranatum with far-infrared radiation. At the same time, it can also sterilize. The thermal effect of far-infrared radiation can penetrate the material instantly and uniformly, and rapidly heat up and inactivate lipase, lipoxygenase, etc., thereby stabilizing the oil and preventing the acid value and peroxide value from rising. Far-infrared radiation can heat water from the inside of the molecule, and the drying efficiency is much higher than that of traditional hot air, which can quickly reduce the material to a safe moisture content. The internal pressure generated by water vaporization can effectively destroy the cell structure and improve the oil yield.

[0029] (4) This invention proposes to reduce the damage of high temperature to unsaturated fatty acids, especially the main component linoleic acid, by low-temperature pressing. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0031] The term "medium sand" as used in this application is explained as follows: Sand can be divided into three types according to its coarseness: fine sand, medium sand, and coarse sand. Medium sand has an average particle size of 0.25mm-0.5mm, and particles with a particle size greater than 0.25mm account for more than 50% of the total weight.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A method for preparing Coralgranatum seed oil and its quality improvement and efficiency enhancement includes:

[0034] (1) Fruit ripening in sand: Mix the raw material, the fruit of Coralgranatum, with a ratio of fruit to clean and moist medium sand of 1:3. Place it in a container or pile it on the ground. Place it indoors or cover it with a rainproof cloth for sand storage. During the storage process, prevent the sand from being too wet or too dry. The sand storage time is 20 days. When the peel turns completely black and is easy to crush, take it out.

[0035] (2) Cleaning and peeling: The grass coral fruit treated in step (1) is sieved to remove sand, and the sand that may be attached is washed away with clean water for 3 minutes. After washing, it is poured into the peeling machine for peeling. After peeling and cleaning, clean grass coral seeds are obtained and drained of water.

[0036] (3) Disinfection: Place the seeds of the coral grass obtained in step (2) into a 2% hydrogen peroxide solution, soak for 4 minutes, take them out, rinse with clean water for 1 minute, and drain.

[0037] (4) Far-infrared treatment: The grass coral seeds obtained in step (3) are placed in a far-infrared equipment box and spread in a thin layer for treatment and drying. The temperature is 65℃ and the treatment time is 4h until the seed moisture content is below 8%.

[0038] (5) Low temperature pressing: The seeds of Coralgranatum obtained in step (4) are added into the press chamber while hot and pressed. The pressing temperature is maintained at 60~75℃ to obtain Coralgranatum seed virgin oil.

[0039] (6) Primary filtration: The virgin oil of Coralgranatum obtained in step (5) is introduced into a centrifuge for centrifugal separation. The centrifuge speed is 5000 r / min and the centrifugal separation time is 15 min to obtain the primary filtered oil of Coralgranatum seeds. Plate and frame filtration can also be used.

[0040] (7) Winterization: The primary filtered oil of the coral grass seeds obtained in step (6) is introduced into a winterization tank at a temperature of 4°C for winterization treatment for 3 days.

[0041] (8) Centrifugal filtration: The winterized oil obtained in step (7) is introduced into a centrifuge for centrifugal separation. The centrifuge speed is 7000 r / min and the centrifugation time is 15 min to obtain coralberry seed oil. The product is available for further refining according to various production purposes.

[0042] Comparative Example 1

[0043] Traditional processing

[0044] After peeling the raw material, the fruit of the coral grass, rinse it with clean water and dry it with hot air at 60~70℃ until the moisture content is less than 8%. Then, complete the process according to steps (5) to (8) in Example 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 2

[0046] Sand storage treatment

[0047] Compared to Example 1, the far-infrared processing was omitted.

[0048] Comparative Example 3

[0049] Far-infrared processing

[0050] Compared with Example 1, the post-ripening treatment (including sand storage, composting, or air drying) was eliminated.

[0051] Experimental Example 1

[0052] (1) Oil quality testing

[0053] (1.1) The acid value, saponification value, iodine value and peroxide value of the herb seed oil were determined in accordance with GB / T 5510-2011, GB / T 5534-2008, GB / T 5532-2008 and GB 5009.227-2016.

[0054] (1.2) The fatty acid composition of oils and fats was determined by gas chromatography in accordance with GB 5009.168-2016.

[0055] (2) Results

[0056] (2.1) Comparison of oil yield

[0057] The oil yields obtained by the four treatment methods are shown in Table 1.

[0058] Table 1. Comparison of oil yield from *Sarcandra glabra* seeds after pretreatment using four methods (%)

[0059]

[0060] Table 1 shows that Comparative Example 2 showed a net increase of 6.53% in oil yield compared to Comparative Example 1, a significant difference (P<0.05), indicating that sand storage is beneficial for the conversion of free fatty acids into oil. Comparative Example 3 showed a net increase of 3.03% in oil yield compared to Comparative Example 1, a significant difference, indicating that far-infrared radiation is beneficial for oil precipitation, possibly from the release of oil from its bound state with other substances. Compared to Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 2, Example 1 showed net increases in oil yield of 9.25%, 6.22%, and 2.72%, respectively, a significant difference, indicating that the implementation of this invention can significantly improve the oil yield of *Sarcandra glabra* seeds.

[0061] (2.2) Comparison of physicochemical properties of fats and oils

[0062] The oils obtained by the four processing methods showed little difference in odor, color, and fluidity. Their chemical properties are shown in Table 2.

[0063] Table 2. Comparison of chemical properties of *Sargassum fusiforme* seed oil after pretreatment using four methods.

[0064]

[0065] Table 2 shows that the main differences in the chemical properties of *Sargassum fusiforme* seed oil treated by the four methods were in acid value and peroxide value, with significant differences (P<0.05). Comparative Example 2 showed a net decrease in acid value and peroxide value of 7.09 mg / g and 0.14 mol / kg, respectively, compared to Comparative Example 1, with significant differences (P<0.05), indicating that sand storage facilitates the conversion of free fatty acids into oils and reduces oil oxidation. Comparative Example 3 showed a net decrease in acid value and peroxide value of 5.27 mg / g and 0.15 mol / kg, respectively, compared to Comparative Example 1, with significant differences (P<0.05), indicating that far-infrared radiation effectively deactivates enzymes involved in oil metabolism, thereby stabilizing acid value and reducing oxidation. Compared with Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, the acid value and peroxide value of Example 1 decreased by 9.02 mg / g, 3.75 mg / g, 1.93 mg / g and 0.18 mol / kg, 0.03 mol / kg and 0.04 mol / kg, respectively, with significant differences (P<0.05), indicating that the implementation of the present invention can greatly improve the quality of Coral Gum seeds.

[0066] (2.3) Comparison of fatty acid components

[0067] The fatty acid composition of *Sargassum fusiforme* seed oil obtained by the four treatment methods was not significantly different (Table 3). The unsaturated fatty acid content of *Sargassum fusiforme* seed oil was around 85%, mainly linoleic acid and oleic acid, especially linoleic acid, which reached approximately 68%, ranking among the highest of reported vegetable oils and possessing significant potential for further development and utilization. Sand storage promoted the conversion of saturated fatty acids into unsaturated fatty acids, while far-infrared pretreatment may have promoted the precipitation of oils bound with long-chain fatty acids, possibly releasing them from their bound state with other substances.

[0068] Table 3 Comparison of fatty acid composition and relative content (%) of *Sargassum fusiforme* seed oil after pretreatment using four methods

[0069]

[0070] In summary, this invention proposes that treating the raw material, *Sarcandra glabra* fruit, with sand storage, air drying, or composting can help the fruit complete ripening, thereby significantly increasing oil yield and reducing oil acid value and peroxide value. Combining far-infrared treatment with drying of *Sarcandra glabra* seeds can shorten processing time and significantly improve oil yield. Rapidly raising the temperature deactivates lipases and lipoxygenases, thus stabilizing the oil and preventing increases in acid value and peroxide value. Far-infrared radiation heats water from within the molecules, and the internal pressure generated by water vaporization effectively disrupts cell structure, further increasing oil yield.

[0071] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing Coralgranatum seed oil and its quality-enhancing and efficiency-improving preparation, comprising: (1) The fruit of the coral grass is subjected to a post-ripening treatment to obtain post-ripened fruit; (2) After the ripening fruit is washed, peeled and disinfected, it is dried by far-infrared drying to obtain dried seeds; (3) After pressing the dried seeds, they are first filtered, then winterized and centrifuged to obtain a high-quality and high-efficiency coral seed oil.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: The post-ripening treatment in step (1) is sand storage treatment.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein: The sand storage treatment includes: Mix the fruit of the coral grass with clean, moist medium sand at a volume ratio of 1:3, and store it in sand for 20 days to 3 months. When the peel turns completely black and is easy to crush, take it out, or extend the time to 2 to 3 natural months before processing.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: The disinfection process in step (2) includes: Treat the peeled fruit with hydrogen peroxide.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: Step (3) of the far-infrared drying includes: Spread the sterilized seeds evenly in a far-infrared equipment box and irradiate them at 60-70℃ for 2-6 hours until the seed moisture content is <8%; or spread the sterilized seeds evenly in a far-infrared equipment box and irradiate them at 60-70℃ for 1 hour, then dry them with hot air at 60-70℃ until the seed moisture content is <8%.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: The initial filtration in step (3) includes: centrifugation or plate and frame filtration.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein: The centrifugation process includes: The crude oil obtained by pressing is centrifuged at 4000~6000 r / min for 10~20 min to obtain the primary filtered oil of Coralgranatum seeds.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: The winterization treatment in step (3) includes: The obtained primary filtered oil from the seeds of *Sarcandra glabra* was transferred to a winterization tank at 0-8℃ for winterization treatment for 2-5 days; The centrifugation conditions described in step (3) are as follows: Centrifuge at 6000~8000 r / min for 10~20 min.

9. A quality-enhancing and efficiency-improving Coralgranatum seed oil obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The application of the improved and enhanced coralgrass seed oil according to claim 9 in the preparation of food, health products and pharmaceuticals.

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