Aluminum alloy material suitable for high-speed extrusion and preparation method and application thereof
By adjusting the Mg and Si content and adding elements such as Zr, the rheological stress and quenching sensitivity are reduced, solving the performance and stability problems of traditional 6-series aluminum alloys during high-speed extrusion, and realizing the preparation of aluminum alloy materials with high strength, high plasticity and dimensional stability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511702195.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-13
AI Technical Summary
Traditional 6-series aluminum alloys suffer from high rheological stress and strong quenching sensitivity during high-speed extrusion, making it difficult to balance high strength, high plasticity, and dimensional stability, thus failing to meet the demands of modern industrial high-efficiency and high-precision production.
By adjusting the content of magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si) and adding appropriate amounts of other elements such as zirconium (Zr) and copper (Cu), rheological stress and quenching sensitivity are reduced, and aluminum alloy materials suitable for high-speed extrusion are prepared. This is combined with specific preparation processes such as smelting, continuous casting, extrusion and aging treatment.
Aluminum alloy materials with excellent mechanical properties were prepared at high extrusion speeds (≥12m/min), with tensile strength ≥322.9MPa, yield strength ≥295.7MPa, elongation ≥12%, and excellent dimensional stability.
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Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, and particularly relates to an aluminum alloy material suitable for high-speed extrusion and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND
[0002] 6-series aluminum alloys (such as 6082 and 6061) are a kind of heat-treatable deformed aluminum alloys, which are widely used in the fields of building structures, transportation, aerospace and mechanical manufacturing due to their good comprehensive mechanical properties, processing properties and corrosion resistance. The typical chemical composition of traditional 6-series aluminum alloys usually contains magnesium (Mg) 0.6% to 1.2% and silicon (Si) 0.4% to 1.3%, and the Mg / Si atomic ratio is about 1.73. The strength is further improved by adding alloying elements such as copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and chromium (Cr). In the preparation process, in order to meet the mechanical property requirements, the extrusion speed of traditional 6-series aluminum alloys is usually limited to below 5 m / min, and strong cooling measures (such as water cooling and mist cooling) are required to control the quenching sensitivity and ensure the uniform distribution of precipitated strengthening phases (Mg2Si).
[0003] Although traditional 6-series aluminum alloys are widely used, their composition design and process characteristics have significant limitations, which are difficult to meet the needs of modern industry for high-efficiency and high-precision production: (1) high flow stress limits the extrusion speed: the higher Mg content (usually >0.8%) in traditional 6-series aluminum alloys will increase the lattice distortion energy, significantly increase the deformation resistance (flow stress) of the alloy, increase the equipment load in the extrusion process, and make it difficult to increase the extrusion speed (usually ≤5 m / min), resulting in low production efficiency; (2) high quenching sensitivity leads to complex process and poor stability: the addition of Cr element to improve the strength will enhance the quenching sensitivity of the alloy, and strong cooling process is required to quickly inhibit the coarsening of grain boundary precipitates, while strong cooling is easy to cause stress concentration in the profile, resulting in size precision decrease (size tolerance is usually ±0.5 mm) and performance fluctuation; (3) strength and extrusion speed are difficult to balance: if the extrusion speed is increased to improve production efficiency, the traditional 6-series aluminum alloy with the traditional composition is prone to surface cracks, uneven organization and other defects due to deformation heat accumulation and insufficient cooling, which cannot guarantee the consistency of the mechanical properties of the product.
[0004] With the development of industrial automation and large-scale production, higher requirements are put forward for the extrusion efficiency, dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy profiles. In the prior art, the traditional 6 series aluminum alloy has high Mg content and introduces Cr element, resulting in high flow stress and quenching sensitivity, and cannot realize stable production under high-speed extrusion conditions (such as > 5 m / min), and it is difficult to balance high strength, high plasticity and excellent dimensional stability. Therefore, developing a 6 series aluminum alloy material with low flow stress, low quenching sensitivity, which can be prepared under high-speed extrusion and has excellent comprehensive performance, has become a technical problem to be solved in the field. SUMMARY
[0005] Based on this, the purpose of the present application is to provide an aluminum alloy material suitable for high-speed extrusion and a preparation method and application thereof. Based on the composition of the 6 series aluminum alloy (such as 6082 or 6061), by mainly adjusting the magnesium (Mg) content and the silicon (Si) content, the flow stress and quenching sensitivity of the aluminum alloy can be significantly reduced, and an aluminum alloy material with excellent mechanical properties can be prepared even under high-speed extrusion speed (≥ 12 m / min).
[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application can adopt the following technical scheme: The present application provides an aluminum alloy material suitable for high-speed extrusion, which comprises the following components in terms of mass fraction: Si 0.90% to 1.40%, Mg 0.50% to 0.80%, Fe ≤ 0.2%, Cu 0.80% to 1.20%, Mn 0.30% to 0.70%, Ti 0.05% to 0.20% and X metal 0.10% to 0.20%, and unavoidable impurities and the balance of Al; wherein the X metal is selected from Zr or Cr.
[0007] Preferably, the above-mentioned aluminum alloy material selects any one of the following: (a1) comprises the following components in terms of mass fraction: Si 1.20%, Mg 0.65%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.50%, Ti 0.10%, Zr 0.20%, and unavoidable impurities and the balance of Al; (b1) comprises the following components in terms of mass fraction: Si 0.90%, Mg 0.50%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.30%, Ti 0.10%, Zr 0.20%, and unavoidable impurities and the balance of Al; (c1) comprises the following components in terms of mass fraction: Si 0.90%, Mg 0.80%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.70%, Ti 0.10%, Zr 0.20%, and unavoidable impurities and the balance of Al; (d1) comprises the following components by mass fraction: Si 1.40%, Mg 0.50%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 1.20%, Mn 0.50%, Ti 0.10%, Zr 0.20%, and inevitable impurities and the balance of Al; (e1) comprises the following components by mass fraction: Si 1.40%, Mg 0.80%, Fe 0.10%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.50%, Ti 0.20%, Zr 0.20%, and inevitable impurities and the balance of Al; (f1) comprises the following components by mass fraction: Si 1.20%, Mg 0.65%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.50%, Ti 0.10%, Cr 0.20%, and inevitable impurities and the balance of Al; (g1) comprises the following components by mass fraction: Si 1.20%, Mg 0.65%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.50%, Ti 0.10%, Cr 0.10%, and inevitable impurities and the balance of Al.
[0008] Preferably, the above-mentioned aluminum alloy material is a hollow profile.
[0009] Preferably, the above-mentioned hollow profile satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (a2) the wall thickness of the hollow profile is ≥1.5mm; (b2) the cross-sectional area of the hollow profile is ≤32400mm 2 ; (c2) the hollow profile is a single-layer hollow structure; (d2) the cross-section of the hollow profile has a similarity symmetry of ≥80%.
[0010] Another aspect of the present application provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned aluminum alloy material, the preparation method comprising: sequentially subjecting raw materials to melting, continuous casting, homogenization treatment, extrusion, quenching, and aging treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
[0011] Preferably, in the above-mentioned preparation method, the extrusion speed is ≤15m / min; and / or the quenching transfer time after the extrusion is ≤30s.
[0012] More preferably, in the above-mentioned preparation method, the extrusion speed is 13m / min.
[0013] Preferably, the above-mentioned preparation method satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (a3) the melting temperature is 720℃-750℃; (b3) the homogenization treatment comprises: a temperature of 550℃-560℃, a holding time of 8h-12h, and air cooling; (c3) the extrusion temperature is 480℃-500℃; (d3) the quenching mode is water cooling; (e3) the aging treatment comprises: a temperature of 170℃-180℃, a holding time of 6h-10h, and air cooling after discharging.
[0014] More preferably, in the preparation method, the cooling mode of cooling after homogenization treatment, cooling after quenching and cooling after aging treatment are independently selected from water cooling, mist cooling or air cooling.
[0015] In still another aspect, the present application provides an automobile component or a battery box, which is prepared from the aluminum alloy material as described above.
[0016] The present application has at least the following advantages: based on the components of the 6 series aluminum alloy (such as 6082 or 6061), by mainly adjusting the content of magnesium (Mg) and increasing the content of silicon (Si), the present application can significantly reduce the flow stress and quenching sensitivity of the aluminum alloy, and can still prepare the aluminum alloy material with excellent mechanical properties at high-speed extrusion speed (> 5 m / min), the tensile strength of the prepared aluminum alloy material is ≥322.9 MPa, the yield strength is ≥295.7 MPa, the elongation is ≥12%, and the aluminum alloy material has excellent dimensional stability. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The embodiments are used to better illustrate the present application, but are not intended to limit the present application to the embodiments only. Therefore, the skilled in the art can make non-essential improvements and adjustments to the embodiments according to the above description, which still belong to the protection scope of the present application.
[0018] The terms used herein are used only to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Unless otherwise apparent in context, the singular forms of expressions include plural forms. As used herein, it should be understood that terms such as "include", "have", "contain", etc. are intended to indicate the presence of features, numbers, operations, components, parts, elements, materials or combinations. The terms of the present application are disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to exclude the possibility that one or more other features, numbers, operations, components, parts, elements, materials or combinations can exist or can be added. As used herein, " / " can be interpreted as "and" or "or" depending on the circumstances.
[0019] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide an aluminum alloy material suitable for high-speed extrusion, which comprises the following components in terms of mass fraction: Si 0.90% to 1.40%, Mg 0.50% to 0.80%, Fe≤0.2%, Cu 0.80% to 1.20%, Mn 0.30% to 0.70%, Ti 0.05% to 0.20%, and X metal 0.10% to 0.20%, and unavoidable impurities and the balance of Al; wherein the X metal is selected from Zr or Cr.
[0020] It should be noted that the present application is based on the composition of the 6 series aluminum alloy (such as 6082 or 6061), by mainly adjusting the magnesium (Mg) content and increasing the silicon (Si) content, adjusting the Mg content to 0.50%~0.80% to reduce the flow stress, and adjusting the Si content to 0.90%~1.40% to promote the formation of Mg2Si phase and make up for the loss of strength, that is, the flow stress and quenching sensitivity of the aluminum alloy can be significantly reduced, and the aluminum alloy material with excellent mechanical properties can be prepared even at a high-speed extrusion speed (≥12 m / min), the tensile strength of the prepared aluminum alloy material is ≥322.9 MPa, the yield strength is ≥295.7 MPa, the elongation is ≥12%, and the aluminum alloy material has excellent size stability. Its performance is significantly better than the 6 series aluminum alloy 6082 or 6061.
[0021] It should also be noted that in the present application, in addition to adjusting the magnesium (Mg) content and the silicon (Si) content, the adjustment of other components is also important, and the proportions and effects of the components are as follows: Mn content 0.30%~0.70%: inhibit recrystallization, improve strength and corrosion resistance; Ti content 0.05%~0.20%: refine as-cast structure and improve extrusion uniformity; Cu content 0.80%~1.20%: auxiliary strengthening, improve comprehensive performance; Fe≤0.2%: ensure plasticity and corrosion resistance.
[0022] It should also be noted that in the present application, when the X metal is selected from Zr, Zr forms Al3Zr phase and refines the grain, which can further reduce the quenching sensitivity of the aluminum alloy material. Specifically, the Mg content in the present application significantly reduces the flow stress, making the extrusion process smoother; the addition of Si and Zr ensures the formation of strengthening phase and grain refinement, making up for the loss of strength caused by reducing Mg; and compared with Cr, Zr further reduces the quenching sensitivity problem, so that the aluminum alloy material can still obtain uniform performance under relatively slow cooling.
[0023] In some specific examples, the above-mentioned aluminum alloy material selects any one of the following: (a1) includes the following components by mass fraction: Si 1.20%, Mg 0.65%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.50%, Ti 0.10%, Zr 0.20%, and unavoidable impurities and the balance of Al; (b1) includes the following components by mass fraction: Si 0.90%, Mg 0.50%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.30%, Ti 0.10%, Zr 0.20%, and unavoidable impurities and the balance of Al; (c1) includes the following components by mass fraction: Si 0.90%, Mg 0.80%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.70%, Ti 0.10%, Zr 0.20%, and inevitable impurities and the balance of Al; (d1) includes the following components by mass fraction: Si 1.40%, Mg 0.50%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 1.20%, Mn 0.50%, Ti 0.10%, Zr 0.20%, and inevitable impurities and the balance of Al; (e1) includes the following components by mass fraction: Si 1.40%, Mg 0.80%, Fe 0.10%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.50%, Ti 0.20%, Zr 0.20%, and inevitable impurities and the balance of Al; (f1) includes the following components by mass fraction: Si 1.20%, Mg 0.65%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.50%, Ti 0.10%, Cr 0.20%, and inevitable impurities and the balance of Al; (g1) includes the following components by mass fraction: Si 1.20%, Mg 0.65%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.50%, Ti 0.10%, Cr 0.10%, and inevitable impurities and the balance of Al.
[0024] It should be noted that the aluminum alloy material in the present application can be preferably listed above. The aluminum alloy listed above can still produce an aluminum alloy material with excellent mechanical properties even at a high-speed extrusion speed (≥12 m / min). The tensile strength of the prepared aluminum alloy material is ≥322.9 MPa, the yield strength is ≥295.7 MPa, the elongation is ≥12%, and it also has excellent dimensional stability.
[0025] In some specific examples, the above-mentioned aluminum alloy material is a hollow profile.
[0026] It should be noted that the profile shape of the aluminum alloy material in the present application is well known in the art, and can be preferably a hollow profile, that is, the components of the aluminum alloy material in the present application are more suitable for a hollow profile.
[0027] In some specific examples, the above-mentioned hollow profile satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (a2) the wall thickness of the hollow profile is ≥1.5 mm; specifically, the hollow profile prepared based on the components of the aluminum alloy material in the present application still has excellent mechanical properties when the wall thickness is 1.5 mm, and the wall thickness is preferably 1.5 mm to 3 mm; (b2) the cross-sectional area of the hollow profile is ≤32400 mm2 ; Specifically, the hollow profile in the present application belongs to a medium-large cross-section, and the maximum outer dimension (width or height direction, or diagonal direction) is limited by the diameter; the hollow profile prepared based on the aluminum alloy material component in the present application has a cross-sectional area ≤32400mm 2 ; and all have excellent mechanical properties. (c2) The hollow profile is a single-layer hollow structure. (d2) The cross-section of the hollow profile has a similarity symmetry ≥80%; specifically, when the cross-section is mirrored along a preset symmetry axis (for example, a longitudinal center line X-axis or a transverse center line Y-axis), the coincidence degree of the two sides of the profile on the projection plane is not less than 80%. The similar symmetry design helps to optimize the material flow uniformity, improve the extrusion speed stability, and improve the stress performance and assembly convenience of the profile in structural application.
[0028] In a second aspect, the present application provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned aluminum alloy material, which comprises: sequentially melting raw materials, continuously casting, homogenizing treatment, extrusion, quenching, and aging treatment to obtain the aluminum alloy material.
[0029] In some specific examples, in the above preparation method, the extrusion speed is ≤15m / min.
[0030] It should be noted that the aluminum alloy material component in the present application can still be prepared to have excellent mechanical properties at a high-speed extrusion speed (≤15m / min), and the extrusion speed can be as high as 15m / min. In addition, if the extrusion speed is too fast, continuous or intermittent longitudinal lines similar to tearing will appear on the surface of the profile, and the cracks will be very obvious, resulting in direct scrap of the product; in addition, the surface quality is poor, the size precision is out of tolerance, and the mechanical properties are poor.
[0031] In some specific examples, in the above preparation method, the extrusion speed is 13m / min.
[0032] It should be noted that the extrusion speed in the present application can be preferably 13m / min, and at this extrusion speed, the aluminum alloy material with the most excellent mechanical properties can be obtained on the basis of fast extrusion.
[0033] In some specific examples, in the above preparation method, the quenching transfer time after extrusion is ≤60s.
[0034] It should be noted that the quenching transfer time after the end of extrusion refers to the interval time from the end of extrusion to the start of quenching. The aluminum alloy material in the present application has weak quenching sensitivity. The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy material prepared by quenching for 60s are less different from the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy material prepared by quenching immediately after the end of extrusion. Based on this, the preparation process of the aluminum alloy material in the present application is more relaxed.
[0035] In some specific examples, the above preparation method satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (a3) the melting temperature is 720-750°C, such as 730°C or 740°C, etc.; (b3) the homogenization treatment includes: the temperature is 550-560°C (such as 553°C, 555°C or 557°C, etc.), the holding time is 8-12h (such as 9h, 10h or 11h, etc.), and air cooling; (c3) the extrusion temperature is 480-500°C, such as 485°C, 490°C or 495°C, etc.; (d3) the quenching method is water cooling; (e3) the aging treatment includes: the temperature is 170-180°C (such as 173°C, 175°C or 177°C, etc.), the holding time is 6-10h (7h, 8h or 9h, etc.), and air cooling after furnace discharge.
[0036] It should be noted that other preparation parameters of the preparation method of the aluminum alloy material in the present application can be according to the parameters listed above.
[0037] In some specific examples, in the above preparation method, the cooling methods of the cooling after homogenization treatment, the cooling of quenching and the cooling after aging treatment are independently selected as water cooling, mist cooling or air cooling.
[0038] It should be noted that the cooling method in the present application is well known in the art, such as water cooling, mist cooling or air cooling.
[0039] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery box prepared from the above-mentioned aluminum alloy material.
[0040] It should be noted that the aluminum alloy material in the present application is suitable for thin-walled and medium-large cross-section hollow profiles, such as used in automobile structural parts or battery boxes, etc.
[0041] In order to better understand the present application, the content of the present application will be further illustrated below in combination with specific examples, but the content of the present application is not limited to the following examples.
[0042] Preparation examples and comparative examples In the following examples and comparative examples, the parameters of the semi-continuous casting process are shown in Table 1.
[0043] Table 1 Semi-continuous casting process Example 1 (1) The raw materials were prepared according to the components shown in Table 2; Table 2 Raw material components of Example 1 (2) The prepared raw materials were melted at 720℃, and fully stirred to ensure uniformity during the melting process; (3) The semi-continuous casting process was used to prepare the ingot; (4) After the preparation of the ingot, homogenization treatment was carried out at 560℃ for 10 hours, and natural cooling (air cooling) was carried out at room temperature; (5) Then the homogenized ingot was subjected to high-speed extrusion at 480℃, with an extrusion speed of 13m / min; (6) After the extrusion, online quenching (water cooling, quenching cooling rate of 100℃ / s) was immediately carried out; (7) After quenching, aging treatment was carried out (175℃, 8h, natural cooling (air cooling) at room temperature) to obtain the hollow profile.
[0044] Examples 2 to 5 Examples 2 to 5 are substantially the same as Example 1, except that the proportions of the raw material components are different, and the others are the same as Example 1; wherein the raw material components in Examples 2 to 5 are shown in Table 3 as follows.
[0045] Table 3 Raw material component proportions of Examples 2 to 5 Examples 6 to 7 Examples 6 to 7 are substantially the same as Example 1, except that the raw material components and proportions are different, and the others are the same as Example 1; wherein the raw material components in Examples 6 and 7 are shown in Table 4 as follows.
[0046] Table 4 Raw material components of Examples 6 to 7 Example 8 Example 8 is substantially the same as Example 1, except that the extrusion speed of step (5) is different, and the others are the same as Example 1; wherein the extrusion speed of step (5) of Example 8 is 15m / min.
[0047] Examples 9 to 10 Example 9 and Example 10 are substantially the same as Example 1, except that the quench transfer time is different, and the rest is the same as Example 1; wherein the quench transfer time of Example 9 to Example 10 is 30s and 60s respectively.
[0048] Example 11 to Example 12 Example 11 and Example 12 are substantially the same as Example 6, except that the quench transfer time is different, and the rest is the same as Example 6; wherein the quench transfer time of Example 9 to Example 10 is 30s and 60s respectively.
[0049] Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 2 are substantially the same as Example 1, except that the raw material component ratio is different, and the rest is the same as Example 1; wherein the raw material component ratio in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 is shown in Table 5 as follows.
[0050] Table 5 Raw material components of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 The raw material components of 6061 aluminum alloy are prepared into a hollow profile according to the preparation method of Example 1, wherein the extrusion speed is 5m / min, and the rest of the preparation steps is the same as Example 1; wherein the raw material component ratio of 6061 aluminum alloy is shown in Table 6 as follows.
[0051] Table 6 Raw material component ratio of 6061 aluminum alloy Comparative Example 4 The raw material components of 6061 aluminum alloy are prepared into a hollow profile according to the preparation method of Example 1, and the preparation steps are the same as Example 1.
[0052] Comparative Example 5 The raw material components of 6082 aluminum alloy are prepared into a hollow profile according to the preparation method of Example 1, wherein the extrusion speed is 5m / min, and the rest of the preparation steps is the same as Example 1. Wherein the raw material component ratio of 6082 aluminum alloy is shown in Table 7 as follows.
[0053] Table 7 Raw material component ratio of 6082 aluminum alloy Comparative Example 6 The raw material components of 6082 aluminum alloy are prepared into a hollow profile according to the preparation method of Example 1, and the preparation steps are the same as Example 1.
[0054] Performance test (I) Mechanical property test Three parallel samples were taken from the cavity profiles prepared in the examples and comparative examples, respectively, and then tensile tests were carried out on the samples by using an electronic universal testing machine according to the standard GB / T 228.1-2021 to test the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation, and the average values of the three parallel samples were calculated, and the calculation results are shown in Table 8.
[0055] Table 8 Mechanical properties of the cavity profile samples prepared in the examples and comparative examples As can be seen from Table 8 above, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy materials prepared in Examples 1 to 12 are higher than those of Comparative Examples 1 to 6; wherein: Comparing Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that the mass ratio of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 is not within the scope of the present application (Si 0.90%~1.40%, Mg 0.50%~0.80%), wherein the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of Comparative Example 1 are significantly lower than those of Examples 2 to 10, in addition, although the tensile strength and yield strength of Comparative Example 1 are slightly higher than those of Examples 11 and 12, the elongation is significantly reduced; in addition, the yield strength and tensile strength of Comparative Example 2 are stronger than those of Examples 2 to 4 and Examples 6 to 12, but the elongation is significantly reduced, and the aluminum alloy material prepared in Comparative Example 2 cracks; In addition, comparing Examples 1, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4, it can be seen that: Comparative Example 3 uses the components of aluminum alloy 6061, and after reducing the extrusion speed (the extrusion speed is suitable for aluminum alloy 6061), the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy 6061 material prepared according to the preparation method in the present application are significantly lower than those of Example 1; in addition, Comparative Example 4 is based on Comparative Example 3 and increases the extrusion speed to the same as Example 1, and the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy 6061 material prepared after increasing the extrusion speed are comparable to those of Comparative Example 4, but lower than those of Example 1, and cracked; In addition, comparing Examples 1, Comparative Example 5 and Comparative Example 5, it can be seen that: Comparative Example 5 uses the components of aluminum alloy 6082, and after reducing the extrusion speed (the extrusion speed is suitable for aluminum alloy 6082), the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy 6082 material prepared according to the preparation method in the present application are significantly lower than those of Example 1; in addition, Comparative Example 6 is based on Comparative Example 5 and increases the extrusion speed to the same as Example 1, and the yield strength of the aluminum alloy 6082 material prepared after increasing the extrusion speed is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 5, and the tensile strength and elongation are significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 4, but Comparative Example 6 cracks; in addition, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of Comparative Examples 5 and 6 are lower than those of Example 1; In addition, comparing Example 1 and Example 6 with Example 7, it can be found that the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the alloy material prepared by replacing Zr with Cr in Example 6 and 7 based on Example 1 are significantly reduced; In addition, comparing Example 1 and Example 8, it can be found that the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the alloy material prepared by increasing the extrusion speed to 15 m / min in Example 8 based on Example 1 are slightly reduced, but the performance is still better than that of aluminum alloy 6061 and aluminum alloy 6082, which shows that the aluminum alloy material in the present application still has excellent mechanical properties even at a higher extrusion speed. In addition, comparing Example 9 and Example 10 with Example 11 and Example 12, it can be found that Example 9 and Example 10 are based on Example 1 by increasing the quenching transfer time, and Example 10 and Example 11 are based on Example 6 by increasing the quenching transfer time. It is found by comparison that when the aluminum alloy material component contains Zr, the mechanical property decline trend is significantly lower than that when the aluminum alloy material component contains Cr, which shows that the quenching sensitivity of the aluminum alloy material component containing Zr is lower than that of Cr.
[0056] (II) Profile size tolerance test The profile size tolerance of the hollow profile prepared by Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 5 was tested respectively, and the results are shown in Table 9.
[0057] Table 9 Profile size tolerance of the hollow profile prepared by Example / Comparative Example As can be seen from Table 9, the profile size tolerance of the aluminum alloy material prepared by Example 1 is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 5, which shows that the profile size stability of the aluminum alloy material in the present application is better than that of 6061 aluminum alloy and 6082 aluminum alloy.
[0058] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not limiting. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the purpose and scope of the present application, which should be covered by the claims of the present application.
Claims
1. An aluminum alloy material suitable for high-speed extrusion, characterized in that, The composition by mass fraction includes the following components: Si 0.90%–1.40%, Mg 0.50%–0.80%, Fe ≤0.2%, Cu 0.80%–1.20%, Mn 0.30%–0.70%, Ti 0.05%–0.20%, and metal X 0.10%–0.20%, as well as unavoidable impurities and the balance Al; wherein metal X is selected from Zr or Cr.
2. The aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that, Choose any one of the following aluminum alloy materials: (a1) The composition includes the following components by mass fraction: Si 1.20%, Mg 0.65%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.50%, Ti 0.10%, Zr 0.20%, and unavoidable impurities and balance Al; (b1) The composition includes the following components by mass fraction: Si 0.90%, Mg 0.50%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.30%, Ti 0.10%, Zr 0.20%, and unavoidable impurities and balance Al; (c1) The composition includes the following components by mass fraction: Si 0.90%, Mg 0.80%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.70%, Ti 0.10%, Zr 0.20%, and unavoidable impurities and balance Al; (d1) The composition includes the following components by mass fraction: Si 1.40%, Mg 0.50%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 1.20%, Mn 0.50%, Ti 0.10%, Zr 0.20%, and unavoidable impurities and balance Al; (e1) The composition includes the following components by mass fraction: Si 1.40%, Mg 0.80%, Fe 0.10%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.50%, Ti 0.20%, Zr 0.20%, and unavoidable impurities and balance Al; (f1) The composition includes the following components by mass fraction: Si 1.20%, Mg 0.65%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.50%, Ti 0.10%, Cr 0.20%, as well as unavoidable impurities and balance Al; (g1) comprises the following components by mass fraction: Si 1.20%, Mg 0.65%, Fe 0.2%, Cu 0.80%, Mn 0.50%, Ti 0.10%, Cr 0.10%, as well as unavoidable impurities and balance Al.
3. The aluminum alloy material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The aluminum alloy material is a hollow profile.
4. The aluminum alloy material according to claim 3, characterized in that, Cavity profiles meet one or more of the following conditions: (a2) The wall thickness of the cavity profile is ≥1.5mm; (b2) The cross-sectional area of the cavity profile is ≤32400mm² 2 ; (c2) The cavity profile is a single-layer cavity structure; (d2) The cross-section of the cavity profile has ≥80% similarity symmetry.
5. A method for preparing the aluminum alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The preparation method includes: sequentially melting the raw materials, continuous casting, homogenization treatment, extrusion, quenching, and aging treatment to obtain aluminum alloy materials.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Extrusion speed ≤15m / min; and / or The quenching and transfer time after extrusion is ≤30s.
7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that... The extrusion speed is 13 m / min.
8. The preparation method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The preparation method satisfies one or more of the following conditions: (a3) The melting temperature is 720℃~750℃; (b3) Homogenization treatment includes: temperature of 550℃~560℃, holding time of 8h~12h, and air cooling; (c3) The extrusion temperature is 480℃~500℃; (d3) The quenching method is water cooling; (e3) Aging treatment includes: temperature of 170℃~180℃, holding time of 6h~10h, and air cooling after removal from the furnace.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cooling methods for the homogenization treatment, quenching, and aging treatment can be independently selected as water cooling, mist cooling, or air cooling, respectively.
10. An automotive component or battery box, characterized in that, It is made from the aluminum alloy material described in any one of claims 1 to 4.