Novel low-frequency composite elastic cushion

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel low-frequency composite elastic cushion and belongs to the technical field of elastic cushions, and a nonmetal elastic cushion (polyurethane / rubber) and a metal elastic element such as a spiral spring act synergistically. The vibration isolation of a protected object is realized by combining the damping characteristic of the elastic cushion, the low-rigidity characteristic of the spring and the deformation coordination of the elastic cushion and the spring, and the bearing capacity of the non-metal high-molecular elastic cushion can be greatly improved by a multi-layer structure formed by laminating the bottom plate, the middle plate, the panel and the elastic cushion. According to the outer diameter of the metal elastic element, the metal elastic element can be arranged in the non-metal high-molecular elastic pad by arranging a through hole in the non-metal high-molecular elastic pad or adopting processes such as pouring and fluidization, so that the cooperative work of the non-metal high-molecular elastic pad and the metal elastic element is realized. Different functions of the composite elastic cushion can be realized in a mode of pre-pressing the metal elastic element, the non-metal high-molecular elastic cushion or integrally pre-pressing the composite elastic cushion, and a multi-stage bearing force transmission path is formed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a kind of elastic pads, in particular to a new low-frequency composite elastic pad, belong to the technical field of elastic pad. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of vibration control, elastic pad is widely used to isolate track transportation and other environmental vibration due to its convenient installation and low cost advantage.In the prior art, the traditional elastic pad (such as rubber / polyurethane pad) has a significant bottleneck, the stiffness of the traditional elastic pad increases significantly with the increase of bearing capacity, the aging performance of the material is general, the stiffness is large and the dynamic-static stiffness ratio is high, the vibration isolation frequency of the system is high, the vibration isolation capacity of the system is insufficient, the vibration isolation effect is general, and it is difficult to meet the needs of high-speed rail, subway and other high vibration isolation efficiency, to solve the above problems, the present application provides a low-frequency composite elastic pad. SUMMARY

[0003] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a new low-frequency composite elastic pad.

[0004] The purpose of the present application can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme: A new low-frequency composite elastic pad, comprising a non-metallic elastic pad, a connecting assembly is embedded in the non-metallic elastic pad, and a metal elastic element is embedded between the connecting assembly.

[0005] Preferably, the connecting assembly comprises a lower connecting piece and an upper connecting piece; The metal elastic element is embedded between the lower connecting piece and the upper connecting piece.

[0006] Preferably, the metal elastic element comprises a spring; The spring is embedded between the lower connecting piece and the upper connecting piece.

[0007] Preferably, the metal elastic element further comprises a steel wire and a wire locker; A plurality of groups of through holes A and through holes B are formed on the lower connecting piece and the upper connecting piece, respectively; The steel wire passes through the through holes A and the through holes B in sequence to connect the upper connecting piece and the lower connecting piece, and the ends of the steel wire are in the recess B on the upper connecting piece, and are clamped by the wire locker, respectively.

[0008] Preferably, the non-metallic elastic pad is a first elastic pad, a middle plate, a face plate and a bottom plate are arranged at the middle, top and bottom of the first elastic pad, respectively. The middle plate is provided with a through hole C which is penetrated by the metal elastic element.

[0009] Preferably, the middle plate, the face plate and the bottom plate are further provided with through holes D arranged respectively.

[0010] Preferably, the non-metallic elastic pad is a second elastic pad and a third elastic pad. The second elastic pad is cuboid in appearance, and a plurality of cylindrical cavities A are arrayed on the upper surface thereof; The third elastic pad is also cuboid in appearance, and the planar size thereof is equal to that of the second elastic pad, and cylindrical cavities B are also arrayed on the lower surface thereof at positions corresponding to the cylindrical cavities A; The connecting assembly and the metal elastic element are embedded into the cylindrical cavities A and the cylindrical cavities B.

[0011] Preferably, upper and lower buffer bodies are arranged between the connecting assembly and the second and third elastic pads.

[0012] The present application has the following beneficial technical effects: The present application provides a novel low-frequency composite elastic pad, and a rigid-flexible coupling system: a non-metallic polymer elastic pad (polyurethane / rubber) and a metal elastic element such as a coil spring cooperate with each other, combine the damping characteristics of the elastic body and the low-rigidity characteristics and deformation coordination of the spring, and realize vibration isolation.

[0013] A multilayer structure composed of the bottom plate, the middle plate, the face plate and the elastic pad can greatly improve the bearing capacity of the non-metallic polymer elastic pad, and the metal elastic element can be arranged in the non-metallic polymer elastic pad by arranging through holes in the bottom plate, the middle plate and the face plate, so as to realize the cooperative work of the non-metallic polymer elastic pad and the metal elastic element.

[0014] Modular application expansion and split elastic body design: in the embodiment 2, the preformed second elastic body and the third elastic body are adopted, the spring unit is matched through the cavities, and quick assembly and replacement are supported.

[0015] Plate or cylindrical configuration: the novel low-frequency composite elastic pad unit can be spliced to form a large-area vibration isolation layer (plate type) or a single-point support structure (plate type or cylindrical type), and is suitable for different scene application requirements.

[0016] Multi-stage rigidity and bearing adjustment mechanism, and adjustable number of middle plates: the rigidity grading control is realized by increasing or decreasing the number of middle plates (0 to multiple layers).

[0017] Spring pre-pressing amount adjustment: the pre-pressing amount can be adjusted through the steel wire pre-pressing spring, and the pre-pressing force can be set through the face plate and the bottom plate, so as to realize the pre-pressing of the non-metallic polymer elastic pad or the overall pre-pressing of the composite elastic pad, and adapt to different bearing capacity and deformation requirements of the application scene. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a three-view effect drawing of a preferred embodiment of a novel low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present application; Figure 2 It is an internal steel structure and spring relationship diagram of a preferred embodiment of a novel low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present application; Figure 3 A three-view drawing of the spring pre-pressing and internal steel structure of a preferred embodiment of a new low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present application; Figure 4 A sectional view of the spring pre-pressing and internal steel structure of a preferred embodiment of a new low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present application; Figure 5 A three-view drawing of the spring assembly and middle plate, bottom plate of a preferred embodiment of a new low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present application; Figure 6 A front view of the spring assembly and middle plate, bottom plate of a preferred embodiment of a new low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present application; Figure 7 A three-view drawing of the spring pre-pressing scheme using steel wire of a preferred embodiment of a new low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present application; Figure 8 A sectional view of the spring pre-pressing scheme using steel wire of a preferred embodiment of a new low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present application.

[0019] Figure 9 A three-view drawing of the lower connecting piece and upper connecting piece of the spring pre-pressing scheme using steel wire of a preferred embodiment of a new low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present application.

[0020] Figure 10 A drawing of the external steel wire pre-pressing scheme of a preferred embodiment of a new low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present application, wherein the steel wire pre-pressing can also be replaced by spring bolt pre-pressing.

[0021] Figure 11 A three-view drawing of another preferred embodiment of a new low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present application.

[0022] Figure 12 A sectional view of another preferred embodiment of a new low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present application.

[0023] Figure 13 A drawing of the relationship between the spring and the second elastic pad of another preferred embodiment of a new low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present application.

[0024] Figure 14 A sectional drawing of the relationship between the spring and the second elastic pad of another preferred embodiment of a new low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present application.

[0025] Figure 15 A drawing of the application case laying scheme of a new low-frequency composite elastic pad in a subway track bed according to the present application.

[0026] Figure 16This is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the elastic pad and the track in an application case of a novel low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present invention in subway track bed.

[0027] Figure 17 This is a cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the elastic pad and the track in an application case of a novel low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present invention in a subway track bed.

[0028] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating a full-coverage scheme for a novel low-frequency composite elastic pad according to the present invention used in subway track bed.

[0029] In the diagram: 1-First elastic pad, 2-Spring, 3-Lower connector, 4-Upper connector, 5-Base plate, 6-Middle plate, 7-Panel, 8-Steel wire, 9-Cable locker, 10-Second elastic pad, 11-Third elastic pad, 12-Lower buffer, 13-Upper buffer, 14-Rail, 15-Concrete track slab, 16-Concrete foundation. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to understand the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0031] Example 1: As Figures 1-9 As shown, a novel low-frequency composite elastic pad is composed of a first elastic pad 1, a spring 2, a lower connector 3, an upper connector 4, a base plate 5, a middle plate 6, and a front plate 7.

[0032] Two Figures 7-9 As shown, the lower connector 3 is disc-shaped, with an upwardly protruding boss A concentrically machined in the center, and the boss A is embedded in the inner hole at the lower end of the spring 2; The upper connector 4 is disc-shaped, with a downwardly protruding boss B concentrically machined in the center. The boss B is embedded in the inner hole at the upper end of the spring 2. The boss A surface of the lower connector 3 has multiple through holes A, and the boss B surface of the upper connector 4 has multiple through holes B. When the spring is preloaded, a special clamp is used to compress the spring 2 through the lower connector 3 and the upper connector 4. At this time, the steel wire 8 passes through the through hole A and the through hole B of the boss B in sequence to connect the upper connector 4 and the lower connector 3. The ends of the steel wire 8 are in the recess B on the upper part of the upper connector 4. They are then clamped by the wire locker 9 to prevent loosening. The spring 2 is preloaded by the steel wire 8 connecting the lower connector 3 and the upper connector 4 in series.

[0033] When pre-pressed, the spring 2, the lower connecting piece 3, the upper connecting piece 4, the steel wire 8 and the wire locker 9 form a spring unit; when not pre-pressed, the spring 2, the lower connecting piece 3 and the upper connecting piece 4 form a spring unit.

[0034] The bottom plate 5, the middle plate 6 and the face plate 7 are all square plates with the same area and arranged vertically in alignment, the spring units are arranged in array on the bottom plate 5, the middle plate 6 is processed with a plurality of through holes C at the positions corresponding to the spring units, and the diameter of the through holes C is greater than the outer diameter of the spring units; The middle plate 6 is arranged at the middle part of the spring units, and each through hole C passes through the corresponding spring unit; The face plate 7 is arranged at the upper part of the spring units.

[0035] Four, the inner framework formed by the spring units, the bottom plate 5, the middle plate 6 and the face plate 7 is placed in a special mold, and the first elastic pad 1 in liquid form is poured into the special mold, and through the manufacturing processes such as foaming and vulcanization, the first elastic pad 1 is fixed and formed, and the inner framework is wrapped inside.

[0036] When the bottom plate 5, the middle plate 6 and the face plate 7 are formed by vulcanization with the first elastic pad 1, a plurality of through holes are arranged during the forming process, and the spring units are placed in the through holes after vulcanization.

[0037] Working mechanism and characteristics: the low-frequency combined elastic pad mentioned is referred to as a combined elastic pad, which is arranged between the lower structure and the upper structure, and can isolate external vibration by isolating the upper structure and the lower structure, and reducing the vertical natural frequency of the upper structure, and can also reduce the propagation of the vibration of the upper structure to the lower structure.

[0038] A plurality of metal elastic body elements such as spring elements 2 are arranged in the first elastic pad 1, and the load is borne by the spring 2 and the first elastic pad 1. Since the design frequency range of the spring 2 can reach 3Hz~5Hz, the dynamic stiffness ratio is close to 1, the frequency range of the first elastic pad 1 is 7Hz~10Hz, and the dynamic stiffness ratio is close to 2. When the two are used in combination, the first elastic pad 1 wraps the spring 2, which has an excellent protective effect on the spring 2 and improves the corrosion resistance. At the same time, the two can realize the adjustment of the combined frequency and the dynamic stiffness according to the distribution of the bearing capacity, realize the ideal vibration isolation effect, and efficiently isolate the vibration.

[0039] According to different stiffness requirements, different numbers of middle plates 6 can be arranged between the bottom plate 5 and the face plate 7. The more the number of the middle plates 6, the greater the stiffness of the combined elastic pad, and the higher the bearing capacity, and vice versa.

[0040] Spring 2 can be preset with a compression amount according to the load-bearing capacity and deformation requirements. The greater the compression amount, the smaller the deformation during operation, and vice versa. Of course, non-metallic polymer elastic pads or composite elastic pads can also be pre-compressed to meet the needs of different projects. The combined elastic pads can be plate-shaped or cylindrical. When the vibration isolation type requires full coverage, a large-area vibration isolation layer is composed of several plate-shaped combined elastic pads. When the combined elastic pad is used as a support, it can be plate-shaped or cylindrical, and the size of the plate-shaped or cylindrical pad is determined according to the design load.

[0041] Example 2: Example 2 is based on Example 1 with the following modifications: The first elastic pad 1 is removed and replaced with a pre-formed second elastic pad 10 and a third elastic pad 11. The second elastic pad 10 is rectangular in shape, and its upper plane is machined with a plurality of cylindrical cavities A in an array. The third elastic pad 11 is also rectangular in shape, and its planar dimensions are the same as those of the second elastic pad 10. Its lower plane is also machined with cylindrical cavities B in an array at the positions corresponding to the cylindrical cavities A.

[0042] The steel wire 8 is removed, and the through hole A is removed from the lower connector 3. A high elastic body A is vulcanized or pasted on its lower surface, and the bottom is flat. The through hole B is removed from the lower connector 3, and a high elastic body B is vulcanized or pasted on its upper surface, and the upper part is flat. The function of the high elastic body A and the high elastic body B is to improve the uniformity of stress distribution.

[0043] The spring is in a state of no preload.

[0044] Each spring unit is placed inside the cylindrical cavity A of the second elastic pad 10, with the height of the spring unit exceeding that of the cylindrical cavity A. Then, the third elastic pad 11 is installed from top to bottom, with each spring unit installed inside its cylindrical cavity B. The sum of the heights of the cylindrical cavities A and B is not greater than that of the spring unit.

[0045] Working principle and characteristics The main working principle is described in Example 1.

[0046] The second elastic pad 10 and the third elastic pad 11 limit the spring through the concave cavity, forming a rigid-flexible hybrid constraint boundary, reducing the risk of spring resonance; Easy to install and time-saving, a new type of low-frequency composite elastic pad includes two or more elastic materials. Multiple elastic materials jointly support the upper weight. The stiffness of the composite elastic pad is determined by the series and parallel connection of multiple elastic materials. A typical structure includes a non-metallic elastic pad, a metallic elastomer element, a connecting component, and a multi-layer support structure. The non-metallic elastic pad is made of polymer materials, such as rubber and polyurethane. The metal elastomer element is an elastic metal element, such as a helical spring, U-shaped spring, wave spring, leaf spring, or other types of metal elastic elements, distributed within the non-metallic elastic pad body; the connecting assembly includes a lower connector 3 and an upper connector 4, which are respectively fixed to both ends of the metal elastomer element. In addition to realizing the pre-compression function of the metal elastic element, the connector can also distribute the load of the metal elastic element to the upper and lower covering layers of the non-metallic elastic pad to protect its structural safety. The lower connector 3 and the upper connector 4 can be metal parts or equipped with a non-metallic elastic pad with higher load-bearing capacity, such as a high-elasticity buffer sheet, or directly a non-metallic elastic pad, such as a high-elasticity buffer sheet; The multi-layer support structure includes a base plate 5, a middle plate 6, and a front plate 7. The base plate 5 is located at the lower part of the metal elastomer element, the middle plate 6 is located at the middle part of the metal elastomer element, and the front plate 7 is located at the upper part of the metal elastomer element. Each layer plate may be provided with through holes as needed. The non-metallic elastic pad body is integrated with the metal elastic element by casting or vulcanization. The non-metallic elastic pad fills the gaps in the metal elastic element. Alternatively, the non-metallic elastic pad can be integrated by using a split prefabrication process to cover the metal elastomer.

[0047] In this embodiment, the metal elastomer element is a preloaded helical spring. The lower connector 3 and the upper connector 4 are connected in series by a steel wire 8 and a locking device 9. The boss A of the lower connector 3 is embedded in the inner hole of the lower end of the spring, and the boss B of the upper connector 4 is embedded in the inner hole of the upper end of the spring, forming a preloaded locking structure.

[0048] In this embodiment, the metal elastic element may also be a wave spring, a U-shaped spring, a leaf spring, or other types of metal elastic elements. The metal elastic element may be disposed in a non-metallic elastic pad in a pre-compressed or non-pre-compressed manner.

[0049] In this embodiment, the non-metallic elastic pad body is composed of a split pre-formed elastomer, including: The second elastic body 10 has an array of cylindrical cavities A on its upper surface; The third elastic body 11 has a cylindrical cavity B on its lower surface that corresponds to the cavity A. The cylindrical cavity A and the cylindrical cavity B form an elastic element cavity; The metal elastomer element is installed without preload between cavity A and cavity B, and the total height of the elastomer element cavity is less than or equal to the metal elastomer element plus the lower connector 3 plus the upper connector 4.

[0050] In this embodiment, the number of the middle plate 6 can be adjusted from 0 to multiple as needed, and it is machined with through holes that allow elastomer elements to pass through.

[0051] In this embodiment, a high-elasticity buffer sheet is provided between the lower connector 3 and the upper connector 4 and the elastic pad body. It is fixed to the bottom surface of the lower connector 3 and the top surface of the upper connector 4 by vulcanization or bonding process to improve the uniformity of stress distribution. The lower connector 3 and the upper connector 4 can also be high-elasticity buffer sheets directly.

[0052] In this embodiment, the material of the non-metallic elastic pad body is a polyurethane or rubber-based elastic material, and the gaps in the metallic elastomer element are filled with polyurethane or rubber-based elastic material.

[0053] In this embodiment, the metal elastomer element is wrapped with a non-metallic elastic material. After the non-metallic elastic pad is cast or fluidized, the metal elastomer element has gaps.

[0054] In this embodiment, the elastic pad is plate-shaped or cylindrical. When the novel low-frequency composite elastic pad is used for full-coverage of the structure, it can be composed of multiple plate-shaped novel low-frequency composite elastic pad units spliced ​​together, or it can be used in combination with ordinary elastic pads. When the novel low-frequency composite elastic pad is set to a cylindrical shape, it can be used as a support.

[0055] A method for preparing a novel low-frequency composite elastic pad includes the following steps: a. The metal elastomer element, lower connector 3, upper connector 4, base plate 5, middle plate 6 and panel 7 form the inner skeleton; b. Stress dispersion grooves are provided at the connection points between the base plate 5 and the panel 7 and the metal elastomer element; b. Place the inner skeleton in the mold, pour in liquid polymer material and shape it through foaming; c. The inner skeleton is placed in the mold, and non-metallic rubber elastic pads are layered between the bottom plate 5, the middle plate 6 and the front plate 7, and formed by vulcanization process. d. If it is a split non-metallic elastomer 10 / 11, then the metal elastomer components are assembled after the concave cavity structure is pre-formed separately.

[0056] Example 3: As Figures 14-16 For the floating track bed structure of rail transit, the composite elastic pads of the embodiment (1 / 2) are arranged on both sides of the concrete foundation 16, the concrete track bed slab 15 is set on the embodiment (1 / 2), and the rails 14 are installed on both sides of the concrete track bed slab 15. At this time, the center of gravity of the rails 14 and the embodiment (1 / 2) in the vertical direction coincides.

[0057] Example 4: Figure 17 Example 3 can also be modified in that the composite elastic pad of Example (1 / 2) is fully laid between the concrete track slab 15 and the concrete track bed slab.

[0058] The working principle of Examples 3 and 4 is to isolate the vibration generated by the train during operation by using the composite elastic pad of Example (1 / 2), thereby reducing the vibration effect transmitted to the concrete foundation 16.

[0059] The above description is merely a further embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and concept of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel low-frequency composite elastic pad, characterized in that: This includes a non-metallic elastic pad, within which a metallic elastic element is embedded. The metallic elastic element and the non-metallic elastic pad can be integrated using processes such as casting or fluidization, or they can be combined by creating holes in the non-metallic elastic pad and placing the metallic elastic element into the holes.

2. The novel low-frequency composite elastic pad according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal elastic element has force transmission and connection components at both ends.

3. A novel low-frequency composite elastic pad according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that: The connecting components include a lower connector (3) and an upper connector (4); The metal elastic element is embedded between the lower connector (3) and the upper connector (4).

4. The novel low-frequency composite elastic pad according to claim 3, characterized in that: Metal elastic elements include springs (2); The spring (2) is embedded between the lower connector (3) and the upper connector (4).

5. A novel low-frequency composite elastic pad according to claim 4, characterized in that: The metal elastic element can be pre-compressed, and the pre-compressing component includes a steel wire (8) and a wire lock (9). Multiple sets of through holes A and through holes B are respectively opened on the lower connector (3) and the upper connector (4); The steel wire (8) passes through the through hole A and through hole B in sequence to connect the upper connector (4) and the lower connector (3) vertically. The ends of the steel wire (8) are in the recess B on the upper part of the upper connector (4) and are then clamped by the wire locker (9).

6. A novel low-frequency composite elastic pad according to claims 4 and 5, characterized in that: Preloading of metal elastic elements can be achieved using other preloading methods such as bolts.

7. A novel low-frequency composite elastic pad according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that: The non-metallic elastic pad is the first elastic pad (1). In the middle, top and bottom of the first elastic pad (1), a middle plate (6), a front plate (7) and a bottom plate (5) are respectively provided. The number of middle plates (6) can be 0 or more depending on the stiffness and bearing capacity. The middle plate (6) has a through hole C through which a metal elastic element passes.

8. A novel low-frequency composite elastic pad according to claim 2, characterized in that: The non-metallic elastic pad is made by combining a second elastic pad (10) and a third elastic pad (11); The second elastic pad (10) is rectangular in shape, and its upper plane is arrayed with multiple cylindrical cavities A; The third elastic pad (11) is also rectangular in shape, and its planar dimensions are the same as those of the second elastic pad (10). Its lower plane is also arrayed with cylindrical cavities B at the positions corresponding to the cylindrical cavity A. The connecting components and the metal elastic element are embedded in the cylindrical cavity A and the cylindrical cavity B.

9. A novel low-frequency composite elastic pad according to claim 8, characterized in that: An upper buffer (13) and a lower buffer (12) are provided between the connecting component and the second elastic pad (10) and the third elastic pad (11).

10. A novel low-frequency composite elastic pad according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that: When the composite elastic pad needs to resist electrical conductivity, insulating plastic is wrapped around the metal elastic element (2), or an insulating plate is added to the new low-frequency composite elastic pad.

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