An ecological restoration method for large high-steep bare rock slope

Abstract

This invention discloses an ecological restoration method for large, steep, exposed rock slopes, relating to the field of slope restoration. The method involves implanting multiple anchor bolts into the slope; then, multiple rolls of ecological blankets are laid sequentially on the slope from top to bottom, with adjacent ecological blankets in contact. Each roll of ecological blanket is unfolded laterally and connected to the anchor bolts; next, a metal mesh is laid on the surface of the ecological blankets, connected to the anchor bolts; finally, a matrix layer and a plant layer are sprayed onto the slope. Due to the complex three-dimensional fiber network structure of the ecological blankets, the matrix layer forms a reinforced soil composite structure within the ecological blankets, improving the cohesion and tensile strength of the matrix layer. The metal mesh further enhances the tensile strength of the matrix layer, making it less prone to breakage. If the matrix layer detaches from the slope, the detached portion is also less likely to break, as it is either supported by the slope or experiences friction with it. This results in a smaller load on the ecological blankets, metal mesh, and anchor bolts from the matrix layer and plant layer, preventing the metal mesh or anchor bolts from breaking and causing the entire matrix layer to detach.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope restoration, specifically to an ecological restoration method for large, steep, exposed rock slopes. Background Technology

[0002] After mining, the slopes are bare rock, lacking soil and a substrate for plant growth, resulting in a low survival rate for plants. To repair steep, bare rock slopes, the usual procedures include pumice removal, rebar installation and mesh reinforcement, topsoil spraying, and plant planting. The topsoil on the mesh passes through the mesh and contacts the slope. As the topsoil solidifies, it connects with the mesh to form a whole, i.e., the matrix layer. However, the topsoil is prone to cracking in wet / dry and freeze-thaw environments. These cracks can damage the bond between the topsoil and the slope. The matrix layer is suspended by anchors and mesh, resulting in a high load on the anchors and mesh. If the mesh breaks, the entire matrix layer will detach from the slope. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides an ecological restoration method for large, steep, exposed rock slopes to solve the problem of the matrix layer easily detaching from the slope in existing technologies.

[0004] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0005] An ecological restoration method for large, steep, exposed rock slopes includes the following steps:

[0006] Step S101: Construct a construction platform horizontally above the slope;

[0007] Step S102: Clear the loose rocks on the slope and insert multiple anchor rods into the slope. The anchor rods are arranged in a grid pattern and the spacing between adjacent anchor rods is a.

[0008] Step S103: Prepare multiple ecological blankets, wrap them around different rolls, and transport them to the construction platform; the ecological blankets are made of flexible materials and have a three-dimensional fiber network structure; the ecological blankets are grid-shaped with a mesh size of b; the rolls are provided with mounting holes that penetrate the rolls axially;

[0009] Step S104: Place a roll of the ecological blanket with its axis pointing downwards and parallel to the slope. Pass the traction rope through the mounting hole so that the tray on the traction rope lifts the roll from below. One end of the traction rope is held by the operator on the construction platform, and the other end of the traction rope is pulled by the operator at the foot of the slope.

[0010] Step S105: Use the traction rope to move the ecological blanket to the slope surface at a specified height, and fix one end of the ecological blanket to the anchor rod;

[0011] Step S106: Move both ends of the traction rope synchronously and at a constant speed along the horizontal direction of the slope to spread the ecological blanket on the slope surface, and then connect the ecological blanket to the anchor rod.

[0012] Step S107: Repeat steps S105 and S106 to lay multiple rolls of the ecological blanket on the slope surface from top to bottom.

[0013] Step S108: Hang a metal mesh on the anchor rod, wherein the mesh width of the metal mesh is c, where a>b>c;

[0014] Step S109: Spray the first material onto the slope to form a matrix layer;

[0015] Step S110: Spray a second material and plant seeds onto the surface of the substrate layer to form a plant layer.

[0016] The principle of this ecological restoration method is as follows: an ecological blanket, a metal mesh, a matrix layer, and a plant layer are sequentially placed on the slope. Due to the complex three-dimensional fiber network structure of the ecological blanket, the matrix layer forms a reinforced soil composite structure on the ecological blanket, which improves the cohesion and tensile strength of the matrix layer. The metal mesh further enhances the tensile strength of the matrix layer, making it less prone to breakage. If the matrix layer detaches from the slope, the detached part is also not prone to breakage. At this time, the detached part is either supported by the slope or there is friction with the slope, so that the load of the matrix layer and the plant layer on the ecological blanket, metal mesh, and anchor rods is small, avoiding the breakage of the metal mesh or anchor rods, which would cause the entire matrix layer to fall off.

[0017] Preferably, in step S102, the step of implanting the anchor bolt into the slope includes:

[0018] Step S201: Use a drill bit to open the first hole on the slope;

[0019] Step S202: Prepare a guide component and fix it on the slope; the guide component includes a mounting plate and a first sleeve and a second sleeve fixed on the mounting plate; the mounting plate is used to fix it on the slope; the axes of the first sleeve and the second sleeve intersect;

[0020] Step S203: Use a drill bit to drill holes through the first sleeve and the second sleeve respectively on the slope to obtain the first hole and the second hole that intersect;

[0021] Step S204: Insert the anchor rod into the first hole, and pour concrete into the first hole and the second hole until the concrete solidifies, thus completing the installation of the anchor rod.

[0022] The concrete inside the first and second sleeves forms an anchor body with a V-shaped structure. Compared to directly fixing the anchor rod to the slope, the anchor rod fixing method of the present invention is more secure, and the anchor rod is less likely to detach from the slope.

[0023] Preferably, the mounting plate has multiple mounting holes, and anchor bolts are used to pass through the mounting holes to connect with the slope, so that the mounting plate is fixed on the slope. The anchor bolt fixing makes the fixing of the mounting plate relatively simple and quick.

[0024] Preferably, the mounting plate is equipped with a third sleeve. A third hole is drilled in the slope using a drill bit, the third sleeve is inserted into the third hole, and concrete is poured. When the poured concrete solidifies, the mounting plate is fixed to the slope. This pouring and fixing method makes the mounting plate more secure.

[0025] Preferably, in step S103, the ecological blanket includes a non-woven fabric layer, a fiber layer, and a rope net stacked sequentially; the mesh width of the rope net is d; the fiber layer is a porous flexible body made of plant fibers; the fiber layer has a grid shape with a grid width of b, and the mesh width of the fiber layer is e, where d=b+e; the non-woven fabric layer has the same shape and size as the fiber layer.

[0026] The rope net acts as the skeleton of the ecological blanket, providing support and tensile strength. The fiber layer provides a three-dimensional porous structure, allowing the matrix layer and fiber layer to interweave and connect, thus improving the tensile strength of the matrix layer. The fiber layer is biodegradable and can provide nutrients for plant growth. The interlacing of plant roots in the ecological blanket can further enhance the tensile strength of the matrix layer. The non-woven fabric layer has good flexibility, allowing it to fit the slope, reducing gaps between the matrix layer and the slope, and preventing the matrix layer from detaching from the slope.

[0027] Preferably, the ecological mat further includes multiple mounting rings and multiple connecting rings, and each mesh edge of the rope net is provided with multiple connecting rings; the mounting ring is used to be sleeved on the anchor rod, and the mounting ring is provided with a hook that can be detachably connected to the connecting ring.

[0028] By connecting the installation ring to the connecting rings at different locations, the position of the installation ring on the ecological blanket can be adjusted so that the installation ring can bypass the uneven points of the slope, so that the installation ring can be connected to the anchor rod.

[0029] Preferably, the manufacturing process of the fiber layer includes the following steps:

[0030] Step S701: Different types of block fibers are broken up by an opening machine to form a fluffy fiber material;

[0031] Step S702: Mix different types of fiber materials to obtain a mixture;

[0032] Step S703: The mixture is dispersed by the airflow of the airflow forming machine and falls evenly and randomly onto the horizontally moving mesh curtain to obtain the fiber layer.

[0033] Preferably, the manufacturing process of the ecological blanket includes the following steps:

[0034] Step S801: The nonwoven fabric layer, the fiber layer, and the rope net are laid sequentially from bottom to top on the conveyor belt of the needle punching machine and conveyed between the needle plate and the support plate of the needle punching machine;

[0035] Step S802: Using the needle of the needle punching machine to move up and down, the fine threads in the rope net, the fibers in the fiber layer, and the fabric threads in the non-woven fabric layer are pierced and intertwined with each other, thereby obtaining the ecological blanket.

[0036] Preferably, in step S109, the first material includes planting soil, water-retaining material, growth promoter and adhesive.

[0037] Preferably, in step S110, the second material includes the first material, superabsorbent resin, adhesive, and water-retaining agent.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0039] 1. This invention provides an ecological restoration method for large, steep, exposed rock slopes. The ecological blanket has a complex three-dimensional fiber network structure. After the first material is sprayed, it passes through the mesh of the metal mesh and the mesh of the ecological blanket to contact the slope. The first material will permeate and interweave with each other within the three-dimensional fiber network, forming a reinforced soil composite structure with the three-dimensional fiber network structure, thereby improving the cohesion and tensile strength of the matrix layer. The metal mesh further enhances the tensile strength of the matrix layer, effectively preventing cracking of the matrix layer.

[0040] 2. The present invention provides an ecological restoration method for large, steep, exposed rock slopes. The ecological blanket is made of flexible material. After the ecological blanket is laid on the slope, the contact surface with the slope is also large. If the matrix layer detaches from the slope, the matrix layer on the surface of the ecological blanket is relatively rough, and there is a large friction between it and the slope. The friction can offset part of the weight of the matrix layer and the plant layer, reduce the load on the anchor rods and metal mesh, and prevent the metal mesh from breaking, which would cause the entire matrix layer to fall off.

[0041] 3. The present invention provides an ecological restoration method for large, steep, exposed rock slopes. When installing the ecological blanket, a traction rope is used to move the drum and the ecological blanket. When the mesh-like ecological blanket is connected to the rock protrusions on the slope surface, the traction rope can be used to move the drum away from the slope surface, so that the ecological blanket can be detached from the rock protrusions. The installation is relatively convenient and avoids the need for operators to frequently go up and down the slope. Attached Figure Description

[0042] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a front view of the ecological blanket and metal mesh according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0046] 1. Rope net; 2. Fiber layer; 3. Anchor bolt; 4. Mounting ring; 5. Metal mesh. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are for explaining the invention only and are not intended to limit the invention. In the description of this application, it should be understood that terms such as "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "vertical," "horizontal," "high," "low," "inner," and "outer," indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] Example 1:

[0049] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 The ecological restoration method for a large, steep, exposed rock slope, shown below, includes the following steps:

[0050] Step S101: Construct a construction platform horizontally above the slope.

[0051] By using manual trenching and piling and manual chiseling, a construction walkway of about 1 meter is built on the slope for construction work to be carried out. This method can realize construction, netting and spraying of about 130 meters of walkway.

[0052] Step S102: Clear the loose rocks on the slope and insert multiple anchor rods 3 into the slope. The anchor rods 3 are arranged in a grid pattern, and the spacing between adjacent anchor rods 3 is a.

[0053] Before construction, loose stones and garbage on the surface of the repair area should be cleaned to prevent stones from falling and injuring people. In addition, cleaning up surface stones and garbage can enhance the adhesion of grass seeds and improve the root growth environment of plants.

[0054] In step S102, the step of implanting the anchor bolt 3 into the slope includes:

[0055] Step S201: Use a drill bit to open the first hole on the slope.

[0056] Operators can tie ropes to the construction platform and move along the slope surface using the ropes. They can then use a drill bit to drill a hole in the slope to form the first hole and clean it.

[0057] Step S202: Prepare the guide component and fix it on the slope; the guide component includes a mounting plate and a first sleeve and a second sleeve fixed on the mounting plate; the mounting plate is used to fix it on the slope; the axes of the first sleeve and the second sleeve intersect.

[0058] In this embodiment, the mounting plate has multiple mounting holes. Anchor bolts are passed through these holes to connect with the slope, thus fixing the mounting plate to the slope. To fix the anchor bolts to the slope, the operator can first drill holes in the slope with a drill bit, and then insert the anchor bolts into the holes. The anchor bolts can be mechanical expansion bolts or chemical bolts.

[0059] The first sleeve can be perpendicular to the mounting plate. When fixing the mounting plate, the axis of the first sleeve can be kept horizontal. Then, find a suitable location on the slope surface to place the mounting plate. The spacing between anchor bolts 3 does not need to be exactly the same; the spacing value can be around 'a'.

[0060] Step S203: Use a drill bit to drill holes through the first sleeve and the second sleeve respectively on the slope to obtain the first hole and the second hole that intersect.

[0061] The first sleeve and the second sleeve can be located on the same side of the mounting plate. The first sleeve and the second sleeve have the same inner diameter. The drill bit is clearance-fitted with the first sleeve or the second sleeve, and the clearance can be 0.5~2mm.

[0062] Step S204: Insert the anchor rod 3 into the first hole, and pour concrete into the first and second holes until the concrete solidifies, thus completing the installation of the anchor rod 3.

[0063] In this embodiment, after the first hole and the second hole are poured, the concrete in the first hole and the second hole form a whole and a V shape. The V-shaped concrete forms an anchor block, and the concrete and the anchor rod 3 form a whole, making it difficult for the anchor rod 3 to detach from the first hole.

[0064] The end of the anchor rod 3 can be provided with multiple barbs. The concrete in the first hole is in close contact with the barbs, making the connection between the anchor rod 3 and the concrete relatively tight.

[0065] Step S103: Prepare multiple ecological blankets, wrap them around different rolls, and transport them to the construction platform; the ecological blankets are made of flexible materials and have a three-dimensional fiber network structure; the ecological blankets are grid-shaped with a mesh size of b; the rolls have mounting holes that penetrate the rolls axially.

[0066] Limiting plates can be installed at the two shaft ends of the roll. The outer diameter of the ecological blanket wound on the roll is smaller than the outer diameter of the limiting plate. The limiting plate is used to restrict the axial movement of the ecological blanket.

[0067] Ecological blankets are made of flexible materials, which allows them to fit well against uneven rock surfaces when laid on slopes.

[0068] Step S104: Place a roll of ecological blanket with its axis pointing downwards and parallel to the slope. Pass the traction rope through the installation hole so that the tray on the traction rope lifts the roll from below. One end of the traction rope is held by the operator on the construction platform, and the other end is pulled by the operator at the foot of the slope.

[0069] When installing the traction rope, it can be passed through the drum from bottom to top so that the tray is located at the lower end of the drum and can abut against the limiting plate. The diameter of the tray is larger than the diameter of the mounting hole. When the traction rope contacts the side wall of the mounting hole, the tray can still cover most of the space of the mounting hole, so that the tray can effectively contact the shaft end of the drum to bear force and support the drum.

[0070] Step S105: Use a traction rope to move the ecological blanket to the slope surface at the specified height, and fix one end of the ecological blanket to the anchor rod 3.

[0071] One end of the traction rope on the construction platform can be wound around a winding reel. The operator on the construction platform manipulates the winding reel to lower the material. When the traction rope descends to the designated position, the rotation of the winding reel stops.

[0072] The first roll of eco-mat is placed close to the construction platform. The other eco-mats are located below the first roll and arranged downwards in sequence, with adjacent eco-mats in contact with each other.

[0073] In addition to the operators at the construction platform and the foot of the slope, other operators are needed to be suspended from the construction platform to fix one end of the ecological blanket to the anchor rod 3. There are various fixing methods, such as using ropes or cable ties to tie the ecological blanket to the anchor rod 3.

[0074] Step S106: Move both ends of the traction rope synchronously and at a constant speed along the horizontal direction of the slope to spread the ecological blanket on the slope surface, and then connect the ecological blanket to the anchor rod 3.

[0075] Operators at the construction platform and the foot of the slope move the traction rope in sync. At this time, the drum rotates relative to the traction rope, causing the ecological blanket to unfold on the slope surface. Since the ecological blanket has a mesh structure, and there may be many protruding rock masses on the slope surface, the ecological blanket may get caught on the rock masses, preventing the drum from rotating and the traction rope from moving horizontally. At this time, the operators at the foot of the slope can move a certain distance away from the slope, and the traction rope will drive the drum away from the slope, allowing the ecological blanket to break free from the entanglement with the rock masses and unfold again on the slope surface.

[0076] As the ecological blanket unfolds on the slope surface, the suspended operators can move horizontally along with it. A movable railcar equipped with a hydraulic clamping mechanism can be placed on the construction platform. As the railcar moves horizontally along the construction platform, the hydraulic clamping mechanism can be used to fix the railcar at different positions on the platform. The suspended operators can then secure the ecological blanket to anchor bolts 3.

[0077] Step S107: Repeat steps S105 and S106 to lay multiple rolls of ecological blankets on the slope surface from top to bottom.

[0078] Step S108: Hang a metal mesh 5 on the anchor rod 3. The mesh width of the metal mesh 5 is c, where a>b>c.

[0079] The spacing between adjacent anchor rods 3 is 'a', and the mesh size of the ecological blanket is 'b', where a>b>c. The number of mesh openings in the ecological blanket is greater than the number of anchor rods 3. When the ecological blanket is spread out on the slope surface, the anchor rods 3 can pass through it. The mesh openings of the ecological blanket are larger than those of the metal mesh 5. The mesh network of the ecological blanket itself has a certain width, and multiple wires of the metal mesh 5 can contact the ecological blanket. After the matrix layer is sprayed, the metal mesh 5 and the ecological blanket can be connected into a whole through the matrix layer. At this time, the network of the ecological blanket acts as a support column, effectively distributing the load of the metal mesh 5.

[0080] The mesh size of the ecological blanket is larger than that of the metal mesh 5, allowing the first material to pass through the ecological blanket without obstruction and come into contact with the slope after passing through the metal mesh 5.

[0081] Step S109: Spray the first material onto the slope to form a matrix layer.

[0082] In step S109, the first material includes planting soil, water-retaining material, growth promoter and adhesive.

[0083] The planting soil forms the main body of the substrate layer, providing microorganisms for its growth. Water-retaining materials are used to retain and store water, facilitating plant growth.

[0084] In this example, the water-retaining material may include humus, organic fibers, and soil conditioners. The humus and organic fibers can form a loose, porous structure to retain water. Humus may be, but is not limited to, coconut coir and peat moss. Organic fibers may be cotton stalk fibers and wood fibers. The soil conditioner further modifies the porosity of the substrate layer to improve its aeration; the soil conditioner may be perlite.

[0085] Growth promoters can include slow-release compound fertilizers and microorganisms. Slow-release compound fertilizers allow plants to continuously obtain nutrients, preventing seedling burn in the early stages of growth or nutrient deficiency in the later stages. Microorganisms can be probiotic strains or mycorrhizal fungi, which enhance the plant's stress resistance and nutrient absorption capacity.

[0086] Adhesives are used to bind planting soil, water-retaining materials, and growth promoters together.

[0087] In this embodiment, the substrate layer contains, by volume ratio, 50% planting soil, 20% humus, 10% organic fiber, 5% soil conditioner, 2% slow-release compound fertilizer, 1% microorganisms, and 2% adhesive.

[0088] Step S110: Spray the second material and plant seeds onto the surface of the substrate layer to form a plant layer.

[0089] In step S110, the second material includes the first material, superabsorbent resin, adhesive, and water-retaining agent.

[0090] Taking the second material of 1m³ as an example, the first material can be 0.75m³, the superabsorbent resin can be 0.015m³, the adhesive can be 0.04m³, the water-retaining agent can be 0.025m³, and the remaining volume can be water.

[0091] The water-retaining agent can be montmorillonite.

[0092] In step S103, the ecological blanket includes a non-woven fabric layer, a fiber layer 2, and a rope net 1 stacked in sequence; the mesh width of the rope net 1 is d; the fiber layer 2 is a porous flexible body made of plant fibers; the fiber layer 2 has a grid shape with a grid width of b and a mesh width of e, where d=b+e; the non-woven fabric layer has the same shape and size as the fiber layer 2.

[0093] Rope net 1 mainly plays a load-bearing role in the ecological blanket. It can support the substrate layer and the plant layer. Rope net 1 has a certain strength. After rope net 1 is mixed and bonded with the first material, rope net 1 enhances the tensile strength of the substrate layer.

[0094] Fiber layer 2 is the main body of the three-dimensional fiber network structure in the ecological blanket. Fiber layer 2 can intertwine with the first material. In the early stage of plant growth, fiber layer 2 can further enhance the tensile strength of the matrix layer. In the middle stage of plant growth, the plant roots grow in the matrix layer and the roots will entwine the rope net 1, fiber layer 2 and non-woven fabric layer together, making the ecological blanket structure more solid. In the later stage of plant growth, fiber layer 2 will gradually degrade under the action of microorganisms, but due to the entanglement of plant roots, the non-woven fabric layer and rope net 1 will not loosen and disintegrate.

[0095] The nonwoven layer can be made of polyester or polypropylene. Polyester or polypropylene is relatively stable, resistant to acids and alkalis, resistant to microbial corrosion, and not easily degraded.

[0096] In this embodiment, the spacing between anchor bolts 3 can be 2.5m, the mesh size of fiber layer 2 can be 15cm, the width of fiber layer 2 can be 8cm, and the mesh size of metal mesh 5 can be 5cm.

[0097] The ecological mat also includes multiple mounting rings 4 and multiple connecting rings (not shown in the figure). Each grid edge of the rope net 1 is provided with multiple connecting rings. The mounting rings 4 are used to be fitted onto the anchor rods 3, and the mounting rings 4 are provided with hooks that can be detachably connected to the connecting rings.

[0098] After the ecological blanket is laid on the slope, due to the unevenness of the slope surface, the spacing between adjacent installation rings 4 varies. To connect the installation rings 4 to the anchor rods 3, the installation rings 4 can be connected to connecting rings at different positions. In this embodiment, the hook is directly hooked onto the connecting ring to complete the connection between the installation rings 4 and the connecting rings. The installation ring 4 can be a cable tie ring or a rope ring with a slipknot. When the installation ring 4 is fitted onto the anchor rod 3, the installation ring 4 can be contracted to bind it to the anchor rod 3. The installation ring 4 is used to connect the rope net 1 to the anchor rod 3.

[0099] The manufacturing process of fiber layer 2 includes the following steps:

[0100] Step S701: Different types of block fibers are broken up by an opening machine to form fluffy fiber material; at this time, metal and dust can be removed from the fiber material.

[0101] Step S702: Mix different types of fiber materials to obtain a mixture.

[0102] Specifically, different fiber materials can be put into the cotton silo and then mixed with a mechanical mixer.

[0103] Step S703: The mixture is dispersed by the airflow of the airflow forming machine and falls evenly and randomly onto the horizontally moving net curtain to obtain fiber layer 2.

[0104] The manufacturing process of eco-mats includes the following steps:

[0105] Step S801: Lay the non-woven fabric layer, fiber layer 2 and rope net 1 sequentially from bottom to top on the conveyor belt of the needle punching machine, and convey them between the needle plate and the support plate of the needle punching machine;

[0106] Step S802: Using the needles of the needle punching machine to move up and down, the fine threads in the rope net 1, the fibers in the fiber layer 2, and the fabric threads in the non-woven fabric layer pierce and entangle with each other, thereby obtaining an ecological blanket.

[0107] The needle punching machine has thousands of special barbed needles. The needles of the needle punching machine move up and down hundreds of times per minute, which makes the rope net layer 1, fiber layer 2 and non-woven fabric layer stitched together.

[0108] Example 2:

[0109] This embodiment is largely the same as Embodiment 1, except that: the guide includes an installation plate, a first sleeve and a second sleeve, and the installation plate is provided with a third sleeve. A third hole is drilled on the slope using a drill bit, the third sleeve is inserted into the third hole and poured. When the poured concrete solidifies, the installation plate is fixed on the slope.

[0110] In this embodiment, the first sleeve and the second sleeve are located on the same side of the mounting plate, and the third sleeve is located on the other side of the mounting plate. The first sleeve, the second sleeve and the third sleeve are all perpendicular to the mounting plate, and the inner diameter of the third sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the first sleeve and the second sleeve.

[0111] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0112] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Additionally, the term "connection" as used herein, unless otherwise specified, can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection via other components.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration method for large, steep, exposed rock slopes, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S101: Construct a construction platform horizontally above the slope; Step S102: Clear the loose rocks on the slope and insert multiple anchor rods into the slope. The anchor rods are arranged in a grid pattern and the spacing between adjacent anchor rods is a. Step S103: Prepare multiple ecological blankets, each wound onto a different roll, and transport them to the construction platform; the ecological blankets are made of flexible materials and have a three-dimensional fiber web structure; the ecological blankets include a non-woven fabric layer, a fiber layer, and a rope net stacked sequentially; the mesh width of the rope net is d; the fiber layer is a porous flexible body made of plant fibers; the fiber layer has a grid shape with a grid width of b, and the mesh width of the fiber layer is e, where d = b + e; the non-woven fabric layer has the same shape and size as the fiber layer; the ecological blanket has a grid shape with a mesh size of b, and the roll has an axially extending mounting hole; Step S104: Place a roll of the ecological blanket with its axis pointing downwards and parallel to the slope. Pass the traction rope through the mounting hole so that the tray on the traction rope lifts the roll from below. One end of the traction rope is held by the operator on the construction platform, and the other end of the traction rope is pulled by the operator at the foot of the slope. Step S105: Use the traction rope to move the ecological blanket to the slope surface at a specified height, and fix one end of the ecological blanket to the anchor rod; Step S106: Move both ends of the traction rope synchronously and at a constant speed along the horizontal direction of the slope to spread the ecological blanket on the slope surface, and then connect the ecological blanket to the anchor rod. Step S107: Repeat steps S105 and S106 to lay multiple rolls of the ecological blanket on the slope surface from top to bottom. Step S108: Hang a metal mesh on the anchor rod, wherein the mesh width of the metal mesh is c, where a>b>c; Step S109: Spray the first material onto the slope to form a matrix layer; Step S110: Spray a second material and plant seeds onto the surface of the substrate layer to form a plant layer.

2. The ecological restoration method for a large, steep, exposed rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S102, the step of implanting the anchor bolt into the slope includes: Step S201: Use a drill bit to open the first hole on the slope; Step S202: Prepare the guide component and fix it on the slope; the guide component includes a mounting plate and a first sleeve and a second sleeve fixed on the mounting plate; the mounting plate is used to fix it on the slope; the axes of the first sleeve and the second sleeve intersect; Step S203: Use a drill bit to drill holes through the first sleeve and the second sleeve respectively on the slope to obtain the first hole and the second hole that intersect; Step S204: Insert the anchor rod into the first hole, and pour concrete into the first hole and the second hole until the concrete solidifies, thus completing the installation of the anchor rod.

3. The ecological restoration method for a large, steep, exposed rock slope according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mounting plate has multiple mounting holes, and anchor bolts are used to connect it to the slope through the mounting holes, so that the mounting plate is fixed on the slope.

4. The ecological restoration method for a large, steep, exposed rock slope according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mounting plate is equipped with a third sleeve. A third hole is drilled in the slope using a drill bit. The third sleeve is inserted into the third hole and then poured. When the poured concrete solidifies, the mounting plate is fixed to the slope.

5. The ecological restoration method for a large, steep, exposed rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological blanket also includes multiple mounting rings and multiple connecting rings, and each mesh edge of the rope net is provided with multiple connecting rings; the mounting ring is used to be sleeved on the anchor rod, and the mounting ring is provided with a hook that can be detachably connected to the connecting ring.

6. The ecological restoration method for a large, steep, exposed rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The manufacturing process of the fiber layer includes the following steps: Step S701: Different types of block fibers are broken up by an opening machine to form a fluffy fiber material; Step S702: Mix different types of fiber materials to obtain a mixture; Step S703: The mixture is dispersed by the airflow of the airflow forming machine and falls evenly and randomly onto the horizontally moving mesh curtain to obtain the fiber layer.

7. The ecological restoration method for a large, steep, exposed rock slope according to claim 6, characterized in that, The manufacturing process of the ecological blanket includes the following steps: Step S801: The nonwoven fabric layer, the fiber layer, and the rope net are laid sequentially from bottom to top on the conveyor belt of the needle punching machine and conveyed between the needle plate and the support plate of the needle punching machine; Step S802: Using the needle of the needle punching machine to move up and down, the fine threads in the rope net, the fibers in the fiber layer, and the fabric threads in the non-woven fabric layer are pierced and intertwined with each other, thereby obtaining the ecological blanket.

8. The ecological restoration method for a large, steep, exposed rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S109, the first material includes planting soil, water-retaining material, growth promoter and adhesive.

9. The ecological restoration method for a large, steep, exposed rock slope according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S110, the second material includes the first material, superabsorbent resin, adhesive, and water-retaining agent.

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