Directional secondary damage prevention explosion venting structure for hydrogen explosion
By introducing pressure relief holes, double doors, fire curtains, and aerosol extinguishing devices into the hydrogen explosion venting structure, the problem of secondary damage caused by flame spread during hydrogen explosions is solved, achieving directional pressure release and rapid fire extinguishing effects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610039588.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-13
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
Existing hydrogen explosion venting structures lack flame barrier design, and spilled flames can easily come into contact with outdoor flammable materials, leading to secondary fires and injuries.
The explosion relief device uses stainless steel plates with pressure relief holes, combined with a double-door structure, and forms a protective layer with titanium alloy mesh and aluminum alloy honeycomb panels. The flame retardant device uses fireproof curtains to seal the gaps, and the fire extinguishing device releases aerosols to extinguish the fire.
It achieves directional guidance of explosion pressure, prevents disorderly spread, blocks flying debris, seals the spread of flames and smoke, reduces the risk of secondary combustion and poisoning/suffocation, and quickly extinguishes residual fires.
Smart Images
Figure CN121519829A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hydrogen explosion explosion relief, in particular to a hydrogen explosion directional secondary damage prevention explosion relief structure. BACKGROUND
[0002] Hydrogen explosion is essentially a rapid combustion reaction of hydrogen and oxygen mixed in air, releasing a large amount of energy. Hydrogen has very low ignition energy (about 0.02 millijoules) and wide explosion limit (4%-75% concentration). Once the optimal mixing ratio is reached, a spark can trigger a detonation, and the flame propagation rate can reach supersonic speed (such as 2000 meters / second), accompanied by a high-pressure shock wave. This reaction can form a high-temperature fireball, with a temperature peak of up to 3000℃, and the energy release time can be extended to seconds, which is more persistent than the microsecond release of traditional explosives.
[0003] According to the prior art, hydrogen explosion is accompanied by intense combustion, and the high-temperature flame formed in the room will spread outward with the shock wave during the explosion relief process. The current explosion relief structure used in the hydrogen energy industry is limited by traditional design ideas. The existing explosion relief structure only relies on the explosion relief and pressure relief functions. Due to the lack of flame barrier design, the overflow flame can directly contact the combustible materials in the outdoor environment, easily causing secondary fires and secondary damage. SUMMARY
[0004] The present application provides a hydrogen explosion directional secondary damage prevention explosion relief structure, which realizes the directional guidance of explosion pressure by the multiple pressure relief holes in the stainless steel plate of the explosion relief device and the double box door structure, avoiding the impact damage to surrounding personnel and equipment caused by disordered diffusion of pressure, thereby solving the problem raised in the background art that due to the lack of flame barrier design, the overflow flame can directly contact the combustible materials in the outdoor environment, easily causing secondary fires and secondary damage.
[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the hydrogen explosion directional secondary damage prevention explosion relief structure comprises a door frame and an explosion relief device, the inside of the door frame is rotatably connected with two box doors, the surface of the box door is fixedly installed with a rotating handle, the inside of the box door is provided with an explosion relief device, the explosion relief device comprises an absorption plate fixedly connected with the inside of the box door, the side wall of the absorption plate is fixedly connected with a stainless steel plate, the side wall of the stainless steel plate is fixedly connected with an aluminum alloy plate, and the inside of the box door is inserted with a titanium alloy mesh; The side wall of the door frame is provided with a fire retardant device, the fire retardant device comprises a fireproof curtain on one side of the door frame, the fireproof curtain is inserted into the inside of the door frame, and the fireproof curtain is used to block the fire and smoke; The side wall of the door frame is provided with a fire extinguishing device, the fire extinguishing device comprises a fire extinguishing strip on one side of the door frame, the fire extinguishing strip is an aerosol fire extinguishing strip, and the fire extinguishing strip is used to release fire extinguishing aerosol.
[0006] In the above technical scheme, the absorption plate is a high-density aramid fiber cloth plate, the aluminum alloy plate is an aluminum alloy honeycomb plate, a plurality of rivets are arranged in the aluminum alloy plate and the titanium alloy net, a red copper net is fixedly connected in the stainless steel plate, a flame retardant is arranged in the aluminum alloy plate, the flame retardant is an aluminum hydroxide flame retardant modified by a silane coupling agent, a plurality of buffer rings are fixedly connected to the surfaces of the door frame and the door, and a plurality of pressure relief holes are formed in the surface of the stainless steel plate.
[0007] Secondly, the fireproof curtain is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is sleeved with two support frames, the bottom end of the fireproof curtain is fixedly connected with a counterweight rod, the side wall of the support frame is fixedly connected with a fixed ring, the fixed ring is fixedly connected with a main spring inside and on the surface of the rotating shaft, the side wall of the fixed ring is fixedly connected with two fixed blocks, a positioning rod is arranged in the fixed blocks and the rotating shaft, a sliding groove is formed in the surface of the door frame, and the fireproof curtain and the counterweight rod are arranged in the sliding groove of the door frame.
[0008] Further, on the basis of the above, the surface of the fire extinguishing strip is sleeved with a placing plate, the side wall of the placing plate is fixedly connected with the side wall of the door frame, a baffle is arranged in the placing plate, a plurality of mounting bolts are threadedly connected in the placing plate and the baffle, a plurality of supporting blocks are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the placing plate, a puncture needle is slidably connected to the inner wall of the supporting block, a secondary spring is fixedly connected to the surface of the puncture needle and the side wall of the supporting block, limit columns are fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the supporting block, a polypropylene rod is sleeved to the surfaces of the two limit columns, and the polypropylene rod is arranged in the puncture needle.
[0009] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: In the hydrogen explosion directional secondary damage explosion relief structure, the plurality of pressure relief holes formed in the stainless steel plate of the explosion relief device cooperate with the double-door structure to realize directional guidance of the explosion pressure, so as to avoid impact damage to surrounding personnel and equipment caused by disordered diffusion of the pressure; at the same time, the titanium alloy net and the aluminum alloy honeycomb plate are fixedly connected by the rivets to form a rigid protective layer, which can effectively block the splashing of fragments generated by explosion, reduce the situation that the fragments are ejected while the pressure is released, the fireproof curtain in the flame retardant device falls along the sliding groove under the gravity of the counterweight rod to block the gaps of the door frame, effectively block the spread of fire and toxic smoke, reduce the risk of poisoning and suffocation of personnel and the secondary combustion hazard, and the high temperature or impact after the explosion of the hydrogen gas will make the polypropylene rod melt or break, the secondary spring pushes the puncture needle to pierce the aerosol fire extinguishing strip, and the high-efficiency fire extinguishing aerosol is released, so that the aerosol fire extinguishing does not need a pipe network and has a small volume, and can quickly extinguish the residual fire after the explosion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0010] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present application. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the door structure in this invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the stainless steel plate in this invention. Figure 4 This is a side view of the door frame structure in this invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the door frame in this invention; Figure 6 In this invention Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure at point A; Figure 7 This is a bottom view of the placement plate in this invention; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the placement plate in this invention; Figure 9 In this invention Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure at point B.
[0011] The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows: 1. Door frame; 2. Box door; 3. Handle; 4. Explosion relief device; 41. Absorption plate; 42. Stainless steel plate; 43. Aluminum alloy plate; 44. Titanium alloy mesh; 45. Rivet; 46. Copper mesh; 47. Flame retardant; 48. Buffer ring; 49. Pressure relief hole; 5. Flame retardant device; 51. Support frame; 52. Rotating shaft; 53. Fire curtain; 54. Counterweight bar; 55. Fixing ring; 56. Main spring; 57. Fixing block; 58. Positioning rod; 59. Slide groove; 6. Fire extinguishing device; 61. Placement plate; 62. Fire extinguishing strip; 63. Baffle; 64. Mounting bolt; 65. Support block; 66. Piercing needle; 67. Secondary spring; 68. Limiting post; 69. Polypropylene rod. Detailed Implementation
[0012] The technical solutions of this invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.
[0013] Due to the lack of flame barrier design, overflowing flames can directly contact flammable materials in the outdoor environment, easily causing secondary fires and resulting in secondary injuries.
[0014] Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention discloses a directional explosion venting structure for preventing secondary damage in hydrogen explosions, with reference to... Figures 1-3As shown, the device includes a door frame 1 and an explosion relief device 4. The door frame 1 has two rotatably connected doors 2. The doors 2 are fixedly mounted with handles 3. The explosion relief device 4 is installed inside the doors 2. The explosion relief device 4 includes an absorption plate 41 fixedly connected to the inside of the doors 2. The absorption plate 41 is a high-density aramid fiber cloth board, which has excellent impact resistance and buffering performance. It can directly absorb the impact force generated in the early stage of the explosion, effectively reduce structural vibration, and reduce the secondary impact damage of the explosion impact force on the door frame 1, the doors 2 and the surrounding environment. A stainless steel plate 42 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the absorption plate 41. The stainless steel plate 42 has high strength and high temperature resistance. It serves as a rigid support layer for the explosion relief device 4 to prevent the device from deforming and failing due to excessive explosion pressure. An aluminum alloy plate 43 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the stainless steel plate 42. The aluminum alloy plate 43 is an aluminum alloy honeycomb plate. The honeycomb structure is lightweight and has high strength. It reduces the overall weight of the device while ensuring protective performance, making it easy to install and operate. At the same time, the honeycomb structure can further buffer the explosion pressure and form a multi-level buffer protection. A titanium alloy mesh 44 is inserted inside the door 2. The titanium alloy mesh 44 has high strength, corrosion resistance and excellent impact resistance. It can effectively block the flying of fragments generated by the explosion. Multiple rivets 45 are inserted inside the aluminum alloy plate 43 and the titanium alloy mesh 44. A copper mesh 46 is fixedly connected inside the stainless steel plate 42. The copper mesh 46 has both good thermal conductivity and toughness. It can quickly conduct the high temperature generated by the explosion to avoid local overheating and structural damage. It can also further enhance the deformation resistance of the stainless steel plate 42 and prevent the plate from breaking and falling off under impact. Flame retardant 47 is inserted inside the aluminum alloy plate 43. The flame retardant 47 is an aluminum hydroxide flame retardant 47 modified by a silane coupling agent. After modification by the silane coupling agent, the flame retardant 47 has better dispersibility and a stronger bond with the aluminum alloy plate 43 substrate. It can decompose and absorb heat in a high-temperature environment, and at the same time form a flame retardant isolation layer to effectively suppress the spread of flames. Multiple buffer rings 48 are fixedly connected to the surfaces of the door frame 1 and the box door 2. The buffer rings 48 can further buffer the impact force on the structure body during the explosion impact and reduce the vibration damage to the door frame 1 and the box door 2. Multiple pressure relief holes 49 are opened on the surface of the stainless steel plate 42, which can cooperate with the buffering effect of the aluminum alloy honeycomb plate to realize the directional guidance and gradual release of the explosion pressure.
[0015] refer to Figures 4-6 As shown, the side wall of the door frame 1 is provided with a flame-retardant device 5. The flame-retardant device 5 includes a fireproof curtain 53 located on one side of the door frame 1. The fireproof curtain 53 is inserted inside the door frame 1. The built-in design does not occupy the passage space outside the door frame 1, avoids collision damage during daily use, and ensures the airtightness of the fireproof curtain 53 during storage, reducing smoke leakage in non-explosive conditions. The fireproof curtain 53 is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft 52 inside, which provides the core power support for the opening and closing of the fireproof curtain 53. Two support frames 51 are fitted on the surface of the rotating shaft 52. The support frames 51 can provide symmetrical and stable support for the rotating shaft 52. A counterweight bar 54 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fire curtain 53. The counterweight bar 54 uses its own weight to pull the fire curtain 53 down quickly. After an explosion, the fire curtain 53 can complete the sealing in a short time. A fixing ring 55 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support frame 51. A main spring 56 is fixedly connected to the inside of the fixing ring 55 and the surface of the rotating shaft 52. After an explosion, the main spring 56 can quickly release elastic potential energy, drive the rotating shaft 52 to rotate, and realize the automatic descent of the fire curtain 53. Two fixing blocks 57 are fixedly connected to the side wall of the fixing ring 55. A positioning rod 58 is inserted inside the two fixing blocks 57 and the rotating shaft 52. The positioning rod 58 can lock the relative position of the rotating shaft 52 and the fixing ring 55, ensuring that the main spring 56 stores energy stably and reducing the accidental fall of the fire curtain 53 in a non-explosive state. A sliding groove 59 is opened on the surface of the door frame 1. The fire curtain 53 and the counterweight 54 are inserted into the sliding groove 59 of the door frame 1. The sliding groove 59 guides the movement trajectory of the fire curtain 53 and the counterweight 54.
[0016] refer to Figures 7-9 As shown, a fire extinguishing device 6 is provided on the side wall of the door frame 1. The fire extinguishing device 6 includes a fire extinguishing strip 62 located on one side of the door frame 1. The fire extinguishing strip 62 is an aerosol fire extinguishing strip 62. The aerosol is small in size and has high fire extinguishing efficiency. It can quickly diffuse in a closed or semi-closed space. A placement plate 61 is fitted on the surface of the fire extinguishing strip 62. The side wall of the placement plate 61 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the door frame 1. The placement plate 61 provides a stable mounting carrier for the fire extinguishing strip 62 and can effectively prevent the fire extinguishing strip 62 from shifting or being damaged due to collision or vibration. A baffle 63 is inserted inside the placement plate 61. Multiple mounting bolts 64 are threadedly connected inside the placement plate 61 and the baffle 63. The combination design of the baffle 63 and the mounting bolts 64 limits and fixes the fire extinguishing strip 62. Multiple support blocks 65 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the placement plate 61. A piercing needle 66 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the support block 65. A secondary spring 67 is fixedly connected to the surface of the piercing needle 66 and the side wall of the support block 65. The secondary spring 67 has a pre-tightening energy storage function, which can quickly push the piercing needle 66 to move after triggering, so that the piercing needle 66 can instantly pierce the outer shell of the fire extinguishing strip 62 and realize the rapid release of the fire extinguishing aerosol. Limiting posts 68 are fixedly connected to both the upper and lower ends of the support block 65. Polypropylene rods 69 are sleeved on the surface of the two limiting posts 68. The polypropylene rods 69 are inserted into the inside of the piercing needle 66. The limiting posts 68 can position the polypropylene rods 69 to prevent the polypropylene rods 69 from shifting and causing the triggering mechanism to fail. The polypropylene rod 69 is stable at room temperature but easily broken at high temperature or under impact. Under normal conditions, it can lock the puncture needle 66 to prevent the auxiliary spring 67 from being accidentally triggered. When the high temperature or impact generated by the hydrogen explosion acts on the polypropylene rod 69, the polypropylene rod 69 will melt or break quickly, releasing the lock on the puncture needle 66. The auxiliary spring 67 will then immediately drive the puncture needle 66 to puncture the fire extinguishing strip 62.
[0017] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When a hydrogen explosion occurs, the high-pressure shock wave and high temperature generated at the moment of the explosion first act on the explosion relief device 4 inside the box door 2. The high-pressure shock wave first contacts the absorption plate 41 (high-density aramid fiber cloth). The absorption plate 41 absorbs part of the impact force quickly due to its impact resistance and toughness, reducing the overall vibration of the structure. At the same time, the high-pressure airflow is directionally guided through the pressure relief holes 49 on the surface of the stainless steel plate 42, avoiding disorderly pressure diffusion. The copper mesh 46 inside the stainless steel plate 42 synchronously conducts the high temperature generated by the explosion, reducing local overheating and deformation failure of the plate. Combined with the high strength of the stainless steel plate 42 itself, it forms a rigid support barrier. The aluminum alloy honeycomb plate further buffers the residual pressure, forming a multi-level buffer protection with the absorption plate 41, reducing the structural damage of the explosion to the door frame 1 and the box door 2. The fragments generated by the explosion are intercepted by the titanium alloy mesh 44 during the impact. The connection method of the rivets 45 ensures that the titanium alloy mesh 44 is firmly connected to the aluminum alloy plate 43, preventing fragments from penetrating the device and causing secondary damage. The buffer rings 48 on the surface of the door frame 1 and the box door 2 synchronously buffer the structural vibration, further protecting the door frame 1 and the box door 2. After the explosion relief device 4 takes effect, the flame retardant device 5 is operated to achieve the protective effect of venting the explosion but not the fire. After the explosion, the positioning rod 58 is pulled out, allowing the positioning rod 58 to disengage from the insertion point of the fixing block 57 and the rotating shaft 52, thus releasing the lock on the rotating shaft 52. After the positioning rod 58 is unlocked, the main spring 56 between the fixing ring 55 and the rotating shaft 52 releases the pre-stored elastic potential energy, driving the rotating shaft 52 to rotate rapidly along the support frame 51. The rotating shaft 52 drives the fireproof curtain 53 to unfold synchronously. Under the action of gravity, the counterweight 54 at the bottom of the fireproof curtain 53 pulls the fireproof curtain 53 to fall quickly along the slide groove 59 of the door frame 1, and completes the complete sealing of the gap between the door frame 1 and the box door 2 in a short time. After the sealing is completed, the fireproof curtain 53 effectively prevents the flames generated by the explosion from spreading to the surrounding area, while isolating toxic and harmful fumes, avoiding the risk of personnel poisoning and suffocation, and blocking the propagation path of secondary combustion. After the explosion, the fire extinguishing device 6 is triggered. The high temperature or impact force generated by the explosion acts on the polypropylene rod 69 on the support block 65. Due to its characteristics of being stable at room temperature but easily broken at high temperature or impact, the polypropylene rod 69 melts or breaks quickly, releasing the lock on the puncture needle 66. After the polypropylene rod 69 is unlocked, the secondary spring 67, which connects the surface of the puncture needle 66 to the side wall of the support block 65, releases its preload, pushing the puncture needle 66 to slide rapidly along the inner wall of the support block 65. The puncture needle 66 instantly pierces the outer shell of the aerosol extinguishing strip 62 fitted inside the placement plate 61, and the extinguishing aerosol is rapidly released and diffuses in the enclosed or semi-enclosed space, covering the hidden fire sources remaining after the explosion. The extinguishing aerosol can extinguish residual fires without producing water stains, reducing secondary damage to on-site equipment and the environment.
[0018] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A hydrogen explosion directional secondary damage prevention and venting structure, comprising a door frame (1) and a venting device (4), characterized in that: The door frame (1) has two rotating doors (2) inside. A handle (3) is fixedly installed on the surface of the door (2). An explosion relief device (4) is provided inside the door (2). The explosion relief device (4) includes an absorption plate (41) fixedly connected to the inside of the door (2). A stainless steel plate (42) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the absorption plate (41). An aluminum alloy plate (43) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the stainless steel plate (42). A titanium alloy mesh (44) is inserted inside the door (2). The side wall of the door frame (1) is provided with a flame-retardant device (5), which includes a fireproof curtain (53) located on one side of the door frame (1). The fireproof curtain (53) is inserted inside the door frame (1) and is used to block fire and smoke. The side wall of the door frame (1) is provided with a fire extinguishing device (6). The fire extinguishing device (6) includes a fire extinguishing strip (62) located on one side of the door frame (1). The fire extinguishing strip (62) is an aerosol fire extinguishing strip (62) and is used to release fire extinguishing aerosol.
2. The hydrogen explosion directional secondary damage prevention and venting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The absorbent plate (41) is a high-density aramid fiber cloth plate, the aluminum alloy plate (43) is an aluminum alloy honeycomb plate, and multiple rivets (45) are inserted inside the aluminum alloy plate (43) and the titanium alloy mesh (44).
3. The hydrogen explosion directional secondary damage prevention and venting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stainless steel plate (42) is internally fixedly connected with a copper mesh (46), and the aluminum alloy plate (43) is internally inserted with a flame retardant (47), which is an aluminum hydroxide flame retardant (47) modified by a silane coupling agent.
4. The hydrogen explosion directional secondary damage prevention and venting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple buffer rings (48) are fixedly connected to the surfaces of the door frame (1) and the box door (2), and multiple pressure relief holes (49) are opened on the surface of the stainless steel plate (42).
5. The hydrogen explosion directional secondary damage prevention and venting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fireproof curtain (53) is internally fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (52), and the surface of the rotating shaft (52) is fitted with two support frames (51). The bottom end of the fireproof curtain (53) is fixedly connected to a counterweight (54).
6. The hydrogen explosion directional secondary damage prevention and venting structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: A fixing ring (55) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support frame (51), and a main spring (56) is fixedly connected inside the fixing ring (55) and on the surface of the rotating shaft (52).
7. The hydrogen explosion directional secondary damage prevention and venting structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The side wall of the fixed ring (55) is fixedly connected to two fixed blocks (57), and the two fixed blocks (57) and the rotating shaft (52) are fitted with positioning rods (58). The surface of the door frame (1) is provided with a sliding groove (59), and the fire curtain (53) and the counterweight (54) are inserted into the sliding groove (59) of the door frame (1).
8. The hydrogen explosion directional secondary damage prevention and venting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the fire extinguishing strip (62) is fitted with a placement plate (61), the side wall of the placement plate (61) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the door frame (1), a baffle (63) is inserted inside the placement plate (61), and multiple mounting bolts (64) are threadedly connected inside the placement plate (61) and the baffle (63).
9. The hydrogen explosion directional secondary damage prevention and venting structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom end of the placement plate (61) is fixedly connected to a plurality of support blocks (65), and the inner wall of the support block (65) is slidably connected to a puncture needle (66). The surface of the puncture needle (66) and the side wall of the support block (65) are fixedly connected to a secondary spring (67).
10. The hydrogen explosion directional secondary damage prevention and venting structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The upper and lower ends of the support block (65) are fixedly connected to limit posts (68), and polypropylene rods (69) are sleeved on the surface of the two limit posts (68). The polypropylene rods (69) are inserted into the puncture needle (66).