Method for quickly disassembling machine in large-diameter shield hole in limited space

Abstract

The invention provides a method for quickly disassembling a machine in a large-diameter shield hole in a limited space. The disassembling method specifically comprises the steps that a top rail is laid on the top of a tunnel segment, and the first trolley, the second trolley, the third trolley, the fourth trolley and the connecting bridge are hoisted and disassembled; the box culvert is assembled to the tail of the segment erector, two rows of rails are laid on the box culvert, and the two rows of rails extend to the positions corresponding to a main drive of the shield tunneling machine; the sliding bracket is used for being matched with a slewing mechanism of the segment erector for disassembling; disassembling a joist and an H-shaped frame of the segment erector; a sliding bracket and a hoisting assembly are used for disassembling the main drive in a matched mode; the shield body is disassembled in blocks; the top block is disassembled through a walking supporting frame, the upper inclined blocks on the two sides of the top block of the shield body are disassembled through sliding and rotating walking supports, and the horizontal blocks on the two sides of the upper portion of the shield body are disassembled through horizontal sliding walking supports; and S8, after the shield body is dismantled, the cutterhead is dismantled in blocks. The safety performance and the operation efficiency of in-hole dismantling are improved, the labor intensity is reduced, and the adaptability of a construction site is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the dismantling of large-diameter tunnel boring machines (TBMs) inside tunnels, and particularly to a method for the rapid dismantling of TBMs with diameters exceeding 12m within a confined space. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of major infrastructure such as urban rail transit and cross-river tunnels, ultra-large diameter shield tunneling machines with a diameter of 12m or more have become the core equipment for large-section tunnel construction due to their advantages of long single tunneling distance and high construction efficiency. However, after completing the tunnel excavation task, the main machine needs to be disassembled and the equipment needs to be transferred in a narrow tunnel space. The constraints of the limited space in the tunnel make the disassembly of heavy shield components and the dismantling of shield body sections face many technical challenges, mainly due to the shield machine's own structure (such as the No. 1 trolley and connecting bridge), the size of the tunnel space and the characteristics of heavy components.

[0003] The difficulties in dismantling tunnel boring machines with diameters exceeding 12m inside the tunnel using traditional dismantling techniques are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0004] First, when dismantling a large-diameter shield tunneling machine inside the tunnel, large equipment such as the main drive and the slewing ring of the assembly machine need to be transported by box culvert. However, the box culvert crane that comes with the shield tunneling machine is blocked by the No. 1 trolley and the connecting bridge structure, and can only cover the box culvert assembly in the area behind the connecting bridge. It cannot lay the box culvert to the tail of the shield, which restricts the transfer and dismantling of heavy equipment to the tail of the shield.

[0005] Secondly, for heavy components such as the main drive and the slewing ring of the assembly machine, which weigh tens to hundreds of tons and have irregular shapes, the traditional method of turning them over involves welding temporary turning supports inside the tunnel and welding lifting rings on top in conjunction with jacks. First, these temporary supports are customized structures and cannot be reused across projects. Second, the uneven welding quality of the temporary supports and lifting lugs, as well as the imbalance of forces on the lifting rings, can easily lead to safety risks such as component overturning and slippage. Moreover, the welding and subsequent dismantling of temporary supports are cumbersome, which greatly reduces work efficiency and prolongs the construction period. Furthermore, cutting and welding operations inside the tunnel can cause air pollution inside the tunnel.

[0006] Third, the shell of a large-diameter tunnel boring machine (TBM) needs to be disassembled into multiple sections for transport. This is mostly done by cutting the sections into smaller pieces for scrapping purposes. The transport relies primarily on manual welding of lifting points in conjunction with hand-operated hoists. For regular sections, existing equipment cannot provide stable support, leading to swaying and shifting during transport. For irregular sections, precise attitude adjustment is impossible, and using welded or bolted lifting lugs can easily damage the shield surface. Furthermore, the manual welding of lifting points and manual operation of lifting equipment are labor-intensive, and the limited lifting capacity of hand-operated hoists makes it difficult to meet the dismantling needs of heavy sections of the large-diameter TBM shell, posing significant safety hazards. This method is unsuitable for dismantling and assembling ultra-large diameter TBM shells exceeding 12 meters.

[0007] Fourth, the main drive and assembly machines of ultra-large diameter shield tunneling machines (12m and above) are larger and heavier, while the space inside the tunnel is limited. The space inside the shield tunnel is narrow, generally only about 14m. Traditional dismantling processes require the simultaneous arrangement of hoisting equipment, temporary supports, and transport tracks. Tracks need to be laid repeatedly according to the construction situation, resulting in a large amount of track laying. The overlapping space occupied by each process can easily cause conflicts with the laying of box culverts and the transfer of components. In addition, traditional tooling has a single function and needs to be replaced multiple times. During the switch, repositioning and debugging are required, which increases the complexity of operation and safety risks. It cannot meet the requirements of efficient, safe and compact process for dismantling ultra-large diameter shield tunneling machines (12m and above) inside the tunnel.

[0008] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a method for dismantling tunnel boring machines with diameters of 12m or more inside the tunnel in order to overcome the aforementioned technical bottlenecks. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a method for rapid dismantling of large-diameter shield tunnels within confined spaces. This method, through the design of specialized tooling, enables the dismantling of ultra-large diameter shield tunnels (over 12m) within confined spaces with high safety, improved dismantling efficiency, and reduced labor intensity.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, this invention provides a method for rapid dismantling of a large-diameter shield tunnel within a confined space. The dismantling method is carried out in a backward-to-forward sequence and specifically includes the following steps:

[0011] S1. After the shield machine is powered off, a top track is laid on top of the tunnel segments, extending from the rear of the No. 4 trolley to the rear of the shield machine main unit; the No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4 trolleys located above the box culvert are disassembled in sequence and hoisted onto the transport vehicle along the top track in sections using hoisting components, and then transported to the outside of the tunnel.

[0012] S2. Dismantling of No. 1 trolley and connecting bridge; disconnect all pipelines and connectors connected to No. 1 trolley, and also disconnect all pipelines and connecting bolts connected to the front and rear of No. 1 trolley. Using the top sliding rail, use the hoisting assembly to hoist and transport the dismantled connecting bridge and No. 1 trolley out in sequence.

[0013] S3. Continue assembling the box culvert to the tail of the segment assembly machine, and lay two rows of tracks on the box culvert. The two rows of tracks are extended to the corresponding position of the main drive of the tunnel boring machine. The lower part of the extended track is supported by steel sections, and the support spacing is controlled within 1m. The spacing between the two rows of tracks is greater than the maximum size of the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine, so as to reserve enough space for subsequent turning operations.

[0014] S4. A sliding bracket is used in conjunction with the slewing mechanism of the segment assembly machine for disassembly. The sliding bracket includes a traveling base matching the double-row tracks, a U-shaped slot frame, and a hydraulic jack. The U-shaped slot frame is fixed to the traveling base with its opening facing upwards. The hydraulic jack is fixed to the concave area of ​​the U-shaped slot frame, with its piston end vertically upwards. When the hydraulic jack reaches its maximum stroke, it does not extend beyond the concave area. Two sets of sliding brackets are used to disassemble the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine. The two sets of sliding brackets move along the two rows of tracks laid on the box culvert to both sides of the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine, and are then disassembled via a braking mechanism or lock. The fixed mechanism secures it, and flipping bars are welded to both sides of the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine. The flipping bars are located in the groove of the U-shaped slot frame, and the width of the flipping bars is smaller than the width of the groove of the U-shaped slot frame. The hydraulic jacks of the two sets of sliding brackets are controlled to lift up to close contact with the flipping bars, and the hydraulic pipelines and connecting bolts of the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine are removed. The brake or locking mechanism of the sliding brackets is released, and the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine is moved to the flipping area through the two sets of sliding brackets. The top hoisting component assists the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine to flip to a horizontal state along the two sets of sliding brackets, and then it is transported to the outside of the hole.

[0015] S5. Disassemble the supporting beam and H-frame of the segment assembly machine in sequence; First, remove the pipes and bolts of the supporting beam, and directly use the hoisting assembly to hoist it onto the transport vehicle along the top track and transfer it outside the tunnel; After the supporting beam is disassembled, use the sliding bracket in step S4 to disassemble the H-frame. The disassembly, flipping and hoisting process of the H-frame is the same as the disassembly, flipping and hoisting process of the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine in step S4.

[0016] S6. Use the sliding bracket and hoisting assembly from step S4 to disassemble the main drive. The disassembly, flipping and hoisting process of the main drive is the same as the disassembly, flipping and hoisting process of the assembly machine slewing mechanism in step S4.

[0017] S7. Shield body disassembly; The disassembly sequence is to first remove the top section, and then remove the remaining sections from top to bottom. The top section of the shield body is disassembled using a traveling support frame in conjunction with a hoisting assembly. The upper oblique sections on both sides of the top section are disassembled using a sliding rotating traveling bracket in conjunction with a hoisting assembly. The horizontal sections on both sides of the upper part of the shield body are disassembled using a horizontal sliding traveling bracket in conjunction with a hoisting assembly. The other sections at the bottom of the shield body are disassembled directly using a hoisting assembly. The traveling support frame, sliding rotating traveling bracket, and horizontal sliding traveling bracket are equipped with the same traveling base frame. Before disassembling the shield body, the two rows of tracks laid on the box culvert in step S3 are shifted to match the spacing of the traveling wheels at the bottom of the traveling base frame, and the extended tracks are continued to be laid to the position of the shield body. During the travel process, the traveling support frame, sliding rotating traveling bracket, and horizontal sliding traveling bracket all move along the shifted tracks.

[0018] S8. After the shield body is dismantled, the cutterhead is dismantled in sections. First, the central cutterhead block is removed. The two rows of tracks laid on the box culvert are moved to the positions on both sides of the central cutterhead block, and the extension tracks are continued to be laid to the position of the cutterhead. Turning rods are welded to both sides of the central cutterhead block. The connecting bolts of the central cutterhead block are removed. The sliding bracket and hoisting assembly from step S4 are used to dismantle the central cutterhead block. The dismantling, turning, and hoisting process of the central cutterhead block is the same as the dismantling, turning, and hoisting process of the assembly machine slewing mechanism in step S4. After the central cutterhead block is removed, the other sections of the cutterhead are dismantled from top to bottom. Before dismantling each section, its connecting bolts are removed. The cutterhead section with the bolts removed is hoisted onto the transport vehicle using the hoisting assembly and transported outside the tunnel.

[0019] The preferred technical solution of this invention is as follows: In step S1, four parallel tracks are laid on the top track. Each track is an I-beam slide rail, and multiple chain hoists are installed on the slide rail. A lifting ring for installing a hand-operated hoist is welded to the bottom of each chain hoist. The top of the I-beam slide rail is connected to the tunnel segment through a figure-eight plate. One end of the figure-eight plate is securely connected to the tunnel segment through segment bolts, and the other end is fixedly connected to the center line of the upper flange of the I-beam slide rail. The disassembly of the second, third, and fourth trolleys is to directly remove the connecting bolts, and then use a hand-operated hoist to hoist them in sections along the top track onto a flatbed transport vehicle, and then transport them to the outside of the tunnel via the flatbed transport vehicle.

[0020] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: When dismantling the No. 1 trolley and the connecting bridge in step S2, the hoisting assembly includes eight hand-operated hoists, each with a load capacity of 15t.

[0021] The preferred technical solution of this invention is as follows: During the assembly of the box culvert in step S3, the box culvert is transported to the target area by a transport vehicle. A hoisting assembly is used to hoist the box culvert onto the rotating fixture along the top track. The rotating structure of the rotating fixture drives the upper support structure to rotate the box culvert to the required horizontal angle until it reaches the target assembly posture. Then, the box culvert is hoisted to the installation position for fixed installation. The rotating fixture includes a base, a rotating mechanism, and an upper support frame. Both the base and the upper support frame are steel supports. The upper support frame matches the bottom contour of the box culvert to ensure uniform force and stable posture during placement and rotation. The base forms a stable frame through multiple cross-bracing steel sections. A rotating shaft is located at the center of the base, and the upper support frame is fixed to the rotating shaft. The rotating mechanism includes multiple sets of tank wheels arranged symmetrically and supported at the bottom of the upper support frame. When the upper bearing frame rotates horizontally along the rotating shaft, the rotating mechanism provides smooth and stable transmission support to the upper support frame.

[0022] The preferred technical solution of this invention is as follows: In step S4, the traveling base of the sliding bracket includes a steel frame and electric traveling wheels located at the bottom of the steel frame. The electric traveling wheels are controlled by a geared motor and have built-in brakes. The geared motor is wirelessly connected to a controller, and its forward and backward movement and stopping and locking are controlled by a wireless remote control. The hydraulic jack of the sliding bracket is equipped with a hydraulic pump station, which is connected to the hydraulic pump station through hydraulic pipelines. The hydraulic pump station regulates the pressure of the hydraulic jack to achieve stable extension and retraction of the hydraulic jack. The U-shaped slot frame is a steel support, and the piston end of the hydraulic jack is equipped with a lifting plate.

[0023] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: In step S4, the rotation process of the assembly machine slewing mechanism is as follows: using four sets of hoisting components, two sets are connected to the top of the assembly machine slewing mechanism and two sets are connected to the bottom of the assembly machine slewing mechanism, the bottom of the assembly machine slewing mechanism is lifted upward by shortening the bottom hoisting rope, while the top hoisting rope is extended, so that the assembly machine slewing mechanism rotates along the sliding bracket to a horizontal state, thereby realizing the rotation of the assembly machine slewing mechanism. Then, the assembly machine slewing mechanism, which has been rotated to a horizontal state, is hoisted onto a flatbed transport vehicle by the hoisting components and transported outside the tunnel.

[0024] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: The walking support frame in step S7 includes a walking base frame, an assembly support frame, and a lifting frame. The walking base frame includes a square steel frame and walking wheels arranged at the four corners of the bottom surface of the square steel frame. The walking wheels are driven by a reducer. The assembly support frame is assembled by stacking multiple square assembly frames. There are splicing interfaces at the top of the walking base frame and at the top and bottom of each square assembly frame. The bottom square assembly frame is fixedly assembled on the walking base frame. Adjacent square assembly frames are connected by bolts after splicing. The lifting frame includes a bottom square frame, a top square frame, and four lifting cylinders connecting the bottom square frame and the top square frame. The four lifting cylinders are respectively arranged at the four corners of the bottom square frame, and their piston ends are connected to the four angles of the top square frame. Each set of lifting cylinders is provided with a telescopic guide rod.

[0025] When dismantling the top section of the shield, the traveling support frame is moved to directly below the top section of the shield via the traveling base and fixed. The top square frame is then inserted into the hollow area of ​​the top section of the shield by the lifting frame and is pressed tightly against the top section of the shield. Then the bolts of the top section of the shield are removed, allowing the top section of the shield to be supported by the traveling support frame. The traveling support frame is moved to transport the top section of the shield to the area below the top track. Finally, the hoisting assembly is used to lift the section onto a transport vehicle and transport it out of the tunnel.

[0026] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: In step S7, the sliding and rotating traveling support includes a traveling base frame, an inclined slide, a sliding and rotating support, and at least two sets of sliding lifting jacks 7. The traveling base frame includes a square steel frame and traveling wheels arranged at the four corners of the bottom surface of the square steel frame. The traveling wheels are driven by a reducer. The inclined slide includes a square support frame fixedly connected to the traveling base frame and multiple parallel inclined slide rods. The inclination angle of each inclined slide rod is 30-60°. Each inclined slide rod is connected to the square support frame by a vertical support rod. The sliding and rotating support is a right-angled triangular frame, in which one right-angled surface is slidably connected to the inclined slide, and the other right-angled surface faces upward. A U-shaped clamping plate frame is provided at the intersection of the upward right-angled surface and the inclined surface. At least two sets of sliding lifting jacks 7 are arranged on the inclined slide and parallel to the inclined slide rods, with the piston end facing upward and connected to the sliding and rotating support.

[0027] When dismantling the upper inclined blocks on both sides of the top section of the shield body, a flipping bar matching the clamping plate on the sliding rotating travel support is welded to the recessed area of ​​the upper inclined block of the shield body. The inclined slide of the sliding rotating travel support is then oriented towards the upper inclined block of the shield body on the side to be dismantled. The sliding rotating support is then inserted into the recessed area of ​​the upper inclined block of the shield body. The hydraulic jack is controlled to push the sliding rotating support upward along the inclined slide, and the flipping bar on the upper inclined block is inserted into the U-shaped or C-shaped groove of the clamping plate to support the upper inclined block of the shield body. Then, the connecting bolts of the upper inclined block of the shield body on the side to be dismantled are removed. The hydraulic jack is then retracted to move the sliding rotating support and the upper inclined block of the shield body to the middle and lower part of the inclined slide. The upper inclined block of the shield body is then adjusted by flipping along the sliding rotating support using the hoisting assembly. After being transported to the tail of the shield, it is hoisted onto a transport vehicle and transferred to the outside of the tunnel.

[0028] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: In step S7, the horizontal sliding walking support includes a walking base frame, a horizontal slide frame, and a support rotating frame. The walking base frame includes a square steel frame and walking wheels arranged at the four corners of the bottom surface of the square steel frame. The walking wheels are driven by a reducer. A square support frame is provided on the square steel frame. The horizontal slide frame is fixed on the square support frame. The support rotating frame is slidably installed on the horizontal slide frame. A U-shaped clamping plate frame is provided on the top of the support rotating frame.

[0029] When dismantling the horizontal blocks on both sides of the upper part of the shield, the horizontal sliding travel bracket is moved to the position of the shield. The horizontal slide extends into the recessed area of ​​the horizontal blocks on both sides of the upper part of the shield. The support rotating frame is moved along the horizontal slide to the recessed area of ​​the horizontal block of the shield to be dismantled. Then, a flipping bar that matches the top clamping plate of the support rotating frame is welded to the recessed area of ​​the horizontal block of the shield to be dismantled. The flipping bar is just embedded in the U-shaped groove of the clamping plate. The connecting bolts of the horizontal block of the shield to be dismantled are removed. The horizontal block of the shield to be dismantled and the support rotating frame are moved together into the horizontal slide by the hoisting assembly. Then, the horizontal block of the shield is assisted by the hoisting assembly to flip and adjust the angle along the support rotating frame. After that, it is transported to the tail of the shield and hoisted to the transport vehicle for transfer outside the tunnel.

[0030] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: When moving the two rows of tracks laid on the box culvert in steps S7 and S8, the fixing bolts of the tracks are first removed, the tracks are lifted to the moved position using the hoisting assembly, and then fixed with bolts.

[0031] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) The present invention improves the safety performance of dismantling the machine inside the tunnel; the application of the sliding bracket, the traveling support frame, the sliding rotating traveling bracket and the horizontal sliding traveling bracket in the present invention replaces the traditional dismantling method of lifting with a hand hoist and manually welding the lifting points, avoiding the safety hazards such as hooking and chain breaking that may occur during manual operation of the hand hoist, while reducing the damage to the shield body caused by welding the lifting points on the shield body, and reducing the risk of falling objects caused by the welding quality of the lifting points; the lifting, sliding and rotating operations of the bracket are all realized through the hydraulic system and mechanical structure, making the operation process more controllable, effectively ensuring the stability of the heavy components of the shield during dismantling and transportation, and greatly reducing the safety accident rate of large-diameter shield dismantling operations.

[0033] (2) The present invention improves work efficiency; the sliding bracket of the present invention integrates the functions of moving, fixing, lifting and adapting, and can realize automated movement and precise positioning through wireless remote control. The lifting and retraction operation of the hydraulic system can also quickly complete the separation, turning and lowering of components, eliminating the temporary welding and dismantling process, reducing the tedious steps of manual operation, and greatly shortening the time spent on the whole process of dismantling, turning and transporting heavy components such as the main drive and the slewing ring of the assembly machine; the traditional method of dismantling the shield shell relies on manual operation of hand hoists to dismantle it piece by piece, which is slow and has a long cycle. However, the walking support frame and the sliding rotating bracket realize the mechanized operation of dismantling the shield shell in sections, reducing the tedious steps of manual operation, and greatly shortening the dismantling and transporting time of a single section. After practical application verification, after adopting the tooling in the present invention, the overall dismantling period of the large-diameter shield shell can be shortened by more than 30%, which significantly improves the construction efficiency.

[0034] (3) This invention greatly reduces labor intensity. In traditional dismantling operations, workers need to perform a lot of manual welding, hand-operated hoisting, and piece-by-piece transportation, which is extremely labor-intensive. However, the mechanized operation mode of each tool in this invention only requires a small number of workers to operate the equipment and supervise the site to complete the dismantling operation, which greatly reduces the proportion of manual labor, improves the working environment of the workers, reduces labor intensity, and also reduces operation errors caused by human fatigue.

[0035] (4) Enhanced adaptability to construction sites: The construction space inside the shield tunnel is limited. Traditional operation methods require a large amount of space for temporary support welding and hoisting equipment arrangement, which can easily conflict with other construction procedures. In this invention, each tool can be moved and turned over by double-row tracks. The tracks can be laid based on the box culvert and the support spacing can be controlled, without occupying too much extra space inside the tunnel. This is more suitable for the narrow and complex construction environment inside the shield tunnel and reduces interference with the overall construction process.

[0036] (5) Traditional shield dismantling relies on general hoisting equipment, which is prone to unstable support and difficult posture adjustment for irregular blocks. In addition, the steel wire rope binding can easily damage the shield. This invention designs special brackets for different block characteristics. Regular blocks are stably moved by walking support frame, and irregular blocks are precisely adjusted by sliding and rotating support frame. The close-fitting support design avoids damage to the shield. At the same time, there is no need to repeatedly adjust the hoisting equipment, which improves the efficiency of block dismantling and the protection effect of tunnel structure.

[0037] (6) This invention has significant economic and social benefits. From an economic perspective, on the one hand, the application of the tooling shortens the construction period and reduces construction costs such as equipment rental and labor expenses; on the other hand, the tooling in this invention is reusable and applicable to the dismantling of shield tunnel shells of different diameters, reducing the cost per use of the tooling. From a social perspective, mechanized dismantling operations improve the technological level of shield tunneling construction, providing new technical solutions and construction experience for the dismantling of large-diameter shield tunnel shells, and promoting technological progress and development in the shield tunneling industry. At the same time, safe and efficient dismantling operations also help establish a good engineering construction image and enhance the industry competitiveness of construction units. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the disassembly process of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel boring machine in its undisassembled state in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the dismantling of trolleys two to four in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the top track installation in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the top track in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a physical diagram showing the installation of the top track in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first trolley and the connecting bridge after removal in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figures 8 to 10 This is a diagram illustrating the box culvert installation process in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 11 This is a physical image of the box culvert rotating fixture in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the walking track in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic cylinder of the sliding bracket in the unlifted state in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic cylinder lifting state of the sliding bracket in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the rotary mechanism of the sliding bracket assembly and disassembly machine in the embodiment;

[0051] Figure 16 and Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the disassembly process of the assembly machine's rotary mechanism in the embodiment;

[0052] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly of the assembly machine support beam in the embodiment;

[0053] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly of the H-frame of the assembly machine in the embodiment;

[0054] Figures 20 to 22 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly process of the main driver in an embodiment.

[0055] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the shield shell segmentation in the embodiment;

[0056] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the walking support frame in the embodiment;

[0057] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the upper lifting support of the traveling support frame;

[0058] Figures 26 to 28 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding and rotating walking support structure in the embodiment;

[0059] Figure 29 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the horizontal sliding walking support in the embodiment;

[0060] Figures 30 to 32 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly of the top section of the shield body in the embodiment;

[0061] Figures 33 to 35 This is a schematic diagram of the obliquely divided blocks on both sides of the top section of the shield body in the embodiment;

[0062] Figures 36 to 37 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontally segmented disassembly of the upper two sides of the shield body in the embodiment;

[0063] Figure 38 and Figure 39 This is a schematic diagram of the lower section being hoisted and disassembled in the embodiment;

[0064] Figure 40 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head segmentation in the embodiment;

[0065] Figure 41 and Figure 42 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly of the center block of the cutter head in the embodiment.

[0066] In the diagram: 1. Original box culvert; 2. Shield tunnel segment; 3. Top track; 300. Figure-eight plate; 301. I-beam slide rail; 302. Chain hoist trolley; 303. Lifting ring; 4. Culvert rotating fixture; 5. Sliding bracket; 500. Traveling base; 501. U-shaped slot frame; 502. Hydraulic jack; 503. Hydraulic pump station; 6. Traveling support frame; 600. First traveling base frame; 601. Assembly support frame; 602. Lifting frame; 603. Lifting cylinder; 7. Sliding and rotating traveling support; 700. Second traveling base frame; 701. Inclined slide; 702. Sliding and rotating support; 703. Sliding lifting jack; 704. First clamping plate frame; 8. Horizontal sliding traveling support; 800. Third traveling base frame; 801. Horizontal slide; 802. Support rotating frame; 803. Second clamping plate frame; 9. Segment assembly machine; 900. Rotary mechanism; 901. Support beam; 902. H-beam; 10. Main drive; 11. Shield body; 12. Cutterhead; 13. Box culvert transport vehicle; 14. Traveling track; 15. Tilting bar; 16. Lifting assembly; 17. Flatbed transport vehicle; 18. Shield shell. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The drawings are all embodiments, drawn in a simplified manner, and are only used to clearly and concisely illustrate the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention. The technical solutions shown in the drawings below are specific solutions of the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] In this embodiment, a method for rapid dismantling of a large-diameter shield tunnel in a confined space requires the use of various tooling during the dismantling process, including a box culvert rotating tooling 4, a sliding bracket 5, a traveling support frame 6, a sliding rotating traveling support 7, and a horizontal sliding traveling support 8.

[0069] The rotating tooling 4 for the box culvert Figure 4 Yes, it includes a base, a rotating mechanism, and an upper support frame. Both the base and the upper support frame are steel supports. The upper support frame matches the bottom contour of the box culvert to ensure uniform force distribution and stable posture during placement and rotation. The base forms a stable frame through multiple cross-bracing steel sections. A rotating shaft is located at the center of the base, and the upper support frame is fixed to the rotating shaft. The rotating mechanism includes multiple sets of tank wheels arranged symmetrically and supported at the bottom of the upper support frame. When the upper bearing frame rotates horizontally along the rotating shaft, the rotating mechanism provides smooth and stable transmission support to the upper support frame. The box culvert rotating fixture 4 can also directly use the utility model patent disclosed in patent number 2023223702501, which discloses an automatic rotating transport device for pipe culverts.

[0070] When using the box culvert rotation fixture, the bottom structure is first fixed, the box culvert is hoisted to the upper support structure, and then the box culvert is rotated to the required angle using jacks and tank wheels, meeting the needs of assembling the box culvert towards the shield tail in confined spaces. This box culvert rotation fixture can solve the problem of box culvert transportation and rotation during dismantling inside the tunnel. Moreover, the fixture integrates horizontal rotation and hoisting positioning functions, eliminating the need for welding temporary structures. The prefabricated design is compatible with box culverts of different 14m-class shield machines, with a rotation accuracy of ±5mm. It can quickly complete a 90-degree rotation in confined spaces, filling the assembly gap in front of the connecting bridge. The assembly time for a single box culvert section is reduced from the traditional 12 hours to 2 hours. The fixture can be reused across projects, significantly reducing material and labor costs while significantly improving the efficiency and safety of box culvert assembly.

[0071] The sliding bracket 5 in the embodiment is as follows Figure 13 and Figure 14As shown, the sliding bracket 5 includes a traveling base 500, a U-shaped slot frame 501, and a hydraulic jack 502 that match the double-row traveling rails 14. The U-shaped slot frame 501 is fixed to the traveling base 500 with its opening facing upwards. The hydraulic jack 502 is fixed to the concave area of ​​the U-shaped slot frame 501, with its piston end vertically upwards. A lifting plate is provided at its piston end to facilitate lifting the tilting rod 15. When the hydraulic jack 502 is lifted to its maximum stroke, it does not extend out of the concave area. The traveling base 500 of the sliding bracket 5 includes a steel base. The frame includes an electric traveling wheel mounted at the bottom of a steel base frame. The electric traveling wheel is controlled by a geared motor and has its own brake. The geared motor is wirelessly connected to a controller, and its forward and backward movement and stopping and locking are controlled by a wireless remote control. The hydraulic jack 502 of the sliding bracket 5 is equipped with a hydraulic pump station 503. It is connected to the hydraulic pump station 503 through hydraulic pipelines. The hydraulic pump station 503 regulates the pressure of the hydraulic jack 502 to achieve stable extension and retraction of the hydraulic jack 502. The U-shaped slot frame 501 is a steel support.

[0072] The sliding bracket 5 in this embodiment is made of integral steel, featuring a compact structure and strong load-bearing capacity, enabling multi-functional operations including movement, fixing, lifting, and adaptation. A geared motor is integrated on one side of the traveling base 500, equipped with a drive wheel connected to the geared motor. The drive wheel is fitted with a rigid locking assembly (brake assembly), allowing the fixture to move forward and backward via a wireless remote control. Once at the target workstation, the locking assembly (brake assembly) secures it rigidly. During operation, the sliding bracket 5 is first positioned and the components are fixed. After separating the components using hydraulic jacks 502, it is moved along the track to the turning area, where it is turned and transferred using lifting points. The sliding bracket 5 integrates "movement-fixing-lifting-adaptation" functions, eliminating the need for additional equipment and enabling "one-stop" disassembly of heavy components. It features automatic walking brake locking, eliminating the need for temporary support welding and disassembly processes, and improving the disassembly efficiency of heavy components by over 60%.

[0073] The walking support frame 6 used in the embodiment is as follows Figure 23 As shown, it includes a first traveling base frame 600, an assembly support frame 601, and a lifting frame 602. The assembly support frame 601 is composed of multiple square assembly frames stacked together. The top of the first traveling base frame 600 and the top and bottom of each square assembly frame have splicing interfaces. The bottommost square assembly frame is fixedly assembled onto the first traveling base frame 600. Adjacent square assembly frames are connected by bolts after splicing. The lifting frame 602 is as follows... Figure 25As shown, the system includes a bottom square frame, a top square frame, and four lifting cylinders 603 connecting the bottom and top square frames. The four lifting cylinders are located at the four corners of the bottom square frame, with their piston ends connected to the four corners of the top square frame. Each set of lifting cylinders is equipped with a telescopic guide rod. The four lifting cylinders 603 also use hydraulic jacks and are equipped with a hydraulic pump station. The hydraulic pump station of the traveling support frame 5 can be reused and connected to the four lifting cylinders 603 via pipelines to provide hydraulic power. Flange interfaces are provided at the four corners of the top area of ​​the first traveling base frame 600, which can be bolted to the lowest square assembly frame of the assembly support frame 601, providing a stable connection and facilitating assembly and disassembly. The square assembly frame is welded from steel sections, forming a rectangular frame structure. Steel sections are welded along the diagonals of the structure, which enhances the frame's torsional resistance and overall stability. It can effectively support the weight of the lifting structure and the shield shell sections. Flange interfaces are provided at the four corners of the top and bottom of the structure, which can be fixed to the traveling base frame and adjacent square assembly frames with bolts. This allows multiple sets of square assembly frames to be stacked and combined layer by layer, adapting to the dismantling needs of shield shells of different sizes.

[0074] In the embodiment, the sliding and rotating walking support 7, such as Figures 26 to 28As shown, it includes a second traveling base frame 700, an inclined slide 701, a sliding rotation support 702, and at least two sets of sliding lifting jacks 703. The sliding lifting jacks 703 are also hydraulic jacks, equipped with a hydraulic pump station. The hydraulic pump station of the traveling support frame 5 can be reused and connected to multiple sets of sliding lifting jacks 703 through pipelines to provide hydraulic power. The inclined slide 701 includes a square support frame fixedly connected to the traveling base frame and multiple parallel inclined slide rods. The square support frame is fixed to the second traveling base frame 700 by bolts and is easy to disassemble and assemble. After the inclined section on one side is disassembled, the upper inclined slide 701 can be removed and the direction changed to facilitate the disassembly of the inclined section on the other side. Each inclined slide bar has an inclination angle of 30-60°, and the inclination angle of the slide bar is consistent with the joint between the tenth and ninth blocks to avoid the influence of lateral forces during sliding, providing a stable support foundation for sliding and rotation operations. The inclined sides are welded with steel sections of varying lengths to ensure that the inside of the steel sections fits snugly against the inner side of the blocks. Each inclined slide bar is connected to the square support frame by a vertical support rod. The sliding and rotating bracket 702 is a right-angled triangular frame, with one right-angled face slidingly connected to the inclined slide, and the other right-angled face facing upward. A first clamping plate frame 704 with a U-shaped cross-section is provided at the intersection of the upward-facing right-angled face and the inclined face, with at least two sets of sliding lifting jacks. The top jack 703 is positioned on the side of the inclined slide rod of the inclined slide 701 and is parallel to the inclined slide rod. Its piston end faces upwards and connects to the sliding rotating bracket 702. To avoid affecting the sliding of the sliding rotating bracket 702 on the inclined slide rod, the sliding lifting jack 703 is located in the area between two adjacent inclined slide rods. The connection between the sliding rotating bracket 702 and the sliding lifting jack 703 is also located between two inclined slide rods, ensuring that the sliding rotating bracket 702 is not affected when sliding along the inclined slide 701. To further facilitate smoother sliding, a slide rail can be provided on the inclined slide rod, and a corresponding slider can be provided on the sliding rotating bracket 702. The second traveling base 700 can directly adopt the first traveling base 600, ensuring both the versatility of the base and reducing R&D and manufacturing costs while maintaining the stability of the base. The first pallet holder 704 is connected via a flange-face sliding and rotating bracket 702. It can be connected and separated using bolts, ensuring structural stability while also allowing for reuse in the disassembly and reassembly of other sections. The flange face of the first pallet holder 704 is horizontally designed to ensure structural stability during disassembly and sliding. When disassembling the shield shell using the sliding and rotating traveling bracket 702, the shield can be supported by the sliding and rotating bracket 702. Then, the sliding lifting jack 703 is gradually retracted, smoothly sliding the ten shield sections along the inclined slide 701 to the center position. During this process, the thrust and speed of the hydraulic cylinder are controlled to prevent friction and collision between the sections and the bracket or other parts of the shield. After the sections have slid to the center position, the shield shell can be rotated and its angle gradually adjusted using an electric hoist via the top rail lifting points.

[0075] The horizontal sliding walking support 8 in the embodiment, such as Figure 29 As shown, the system includes a third traveling base 800, a horizontal slide 801, and a support rotating frame 802. The third traveling base 800 includes a square steel frame and traveling wheels arranged at the four corners of the bottom surface of the square steel frame. The traveling wheels are driven by a reducer. A square support frame is provided on the square steel frame. The horizontal slide 801 is fixed on the square support frame. The support rotating frame 802 is a triangular support frame, and its bottom surface is slidably installed on the horizontal slide 801. A second clamping plate frame 803 with a U-shaped cross-section is provided on the top of the support rotating frame 802. The second clamping plate frame 803 has the same structure as the first clamping plate frame 704 and can be used directly.

[0076] In the embodiment, the first traveling base 600, the second traveling base 700 and the third traveling base 800 are bases with the same structure. They are all square steel frames and traveling wheels arranged at the four corners of the bottom surface of the square steel frame. The traveling wheels are driven by a reducer and drive the braking mechanism, which can realize movement on the traveling track 14 and improve the flexibility of operation.

[0077] The example describes a method for rapid dismantling of a 14m-class ultra-large diameter tunnel boring machine (TBM) within a confined space. The main components of the large-diameter TBM, from front to back, are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the structure comprises, in sequence, the main body of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) (cutterhead, shield body, main drive, segment assembler), trolley #1, connecting bridge, trolley #2, trolley #3, and trolley #4. The method of this invention mainly addresses the disassembly of the TBM main body up to trolley #4. During disassembly inside the tunnel, the TBM components must be disassembled and transported from back to front, following the tunnel excavation direction. The disassembly process is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include:

[0078] S1. After the tunnel boring machine is powered off, a top track 3 is laid on top of the tunnel segments, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the top track 3 extends from the rear of the fourth trolley to the rear of the tunnel boring machine main unit; as Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, four parallel tracks 3 are laid on the top track. Each track uses an I-beam slide rail 301, and multiple chain hoist trolleys 302 are installed on the slide rail. A lifting ring 303 for installing a hand chain hoist is welded to the bottom of each chain hoist 302. The top of the I-beam slide rail is connected to the tunnel segment 2 through a figure-eight plate 301. One end of the figure-eight plate 301 is firmly connected to the tunnel segment through a segment bolt, and the other end is fixedly connected to the center line of the upper flange of the I-beam slide rail 301. The segment bolts are existing segment bolts. The nut at one end is removed, and one of the holes of the figure-eight plate 301 is passed through the segment bolt. The nut is then installed, and the other end of the segment bolt is directly connected to the tunnel segment. Using segment bolts for installation can ensure the reliability of the connection and resist the forces under complex working conditions. The top track 3 plays a crucial role in the entire dismantling process, primarily for installing hoisting components. In this embodiment, all hoisting components utilize manual or electric hoists. These hoists, serving as the power source for the entire transportation system, can meet the lifting and moving needs of large equipment of varying weights. The top track 3 provides support and guidance, offering reliable load-bearing support for the hoists and the hoisted equipment, ensuring no shaking or falling during transport. It also guides the horizontal movement of the equipment, ensuring the accuracy of the transport path, thus enabling safe, stable, and efficient vertical and horizontal transport of large equipment inside the tunnel boring machine. The dismantling process for the second, third, and fourth trolleys follows existing procedures: directly removing the connecting bolts, then using hoists to sequentially lift the components along the top track onto flatbed transport vehicles, and finally transferring them outside the tunnel. The No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4 trolleys located above the box culvert are disassembled in sequence and hoisted onto flatbed transport vehicles along the top track using a hoisting assembly, and then transported outside the tunnel. The flatbed transport vehicles used in this embodiment are all existing transport vehicles in tunnels and are relatively conventional components, so no detailed explanation is required.

[0079] S2. Dismantling of Trolley No. 1 and Connecting Bridge: Disconnect all pipelines and connectors connected to Trolley No. 1, and also disconnect all pipelines and connecting bolts connecting the front and rear of Trolley No. 1. Using the top sliding rail, use eight hand chain hoists to sequentially lift the dismantled connecting bridge and Trolley No. 1 onto a flatbed transport vehicle and transport it outside the tunnel. Each hand chain hoist has a load capacity of 15t. After the dismantling of Trolley No. 1 and Connecting Bridge, as follows... Figure 7 As shown, the main shield machine has not yet been dismantled. The main shield machine consists of the segment assembler 9, the main drive 10, the shield body 11, and the cutterhead 12 in sequence from back to front. At this time, the box culvert at the bottom is still some distance away from the segment assembler 9. Therefore, in order to lay the track on the ground, it is necessary to continue assembling the box culvert 1 to the tail of the segment assembler.

[0080] S3. Using the box culvert rotating fixture 4 and the hoisting components, assemble the box culvert to the tail of the segment assembly machine. The specific assembly process is as follows: Figures 8 to 10 As shown, the box culvert transport vehicle 13 transports the box culvert to be installed to the tooling area. The box culvert is then hoisted onto the upper steel section of the upper support structure of the box culvert rotating tooling 4 via the top sliding rail. The fitting structure between the upper steel section and the bottom of the box culvert ensures stable placement. Multiple sets of jacks are deployed at the required rotation positions. By synchronously controlling the jacks, the upper support structure is driven by the transmission action of the middle rotating structure, causing the box culvert to rotate horizontally at the required angle until it reaches the target assembly posture. The components are then hoisted to the installation position and fixed in place. The box culvert rotating tooling 4 is as follows: Figure 11 As shown. After the box culvert is assembled, two rows of running tracks 14 are laid on the box culvert, as shown. Figure 12 As shown, the two rows of walking tracks 14 extend to the corresponding positions of the main drive 10 of the tunnel boring machine. The lower part of the extended walking track 14 is supported by steel profiles, and the support spacing is controlled within 1m. The spacing between the two rows of walking tracks 14 is greater than the maximum size of the slewing mechanism 900 of the assembly machine, so as to reserve enough space for subsequent turning operations.

[0081] The main structure of the S4 segment assembly machine 9 consists of a slewing mechanism 900, a support beam 901, and an H-frame 902. The H-frame 14 is the bottom foundation support structure. The support beam 11 is installed on the H-frame 14 and can move axially along it. The slewing mechanism 12 is assembled on the support beam. The three components support each other layer by layer and work together to achieve the translation, rotation, and precise assembly of the segments. A sliding bracket 5 is used to assist in disassembling the slewing mechanism of the segment assembly machine; the specific structure of the sliding bracket 5 is as follows... Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, when disassembling and assembling the rotary mechanism of the assembly machine, as... Figures 15 to 17As shown, two sets of sliding brackets 5 are used. These two sets of sliding brackets 5 move along two rows of traveling tracks 14 laid on the box culvert 1 to both sides of the slewing mechanism 900 of the assembly machine, and are fixed by a braking mechanism or locking mechanism. Rotating rods 15 are welded to both sides of the slewing mechanism 900. The width of the rotating rods 15 matches the width of the groove in the U-shaped slot frame 501. The rotating rods 15 are positioned precisely within the groove of the U-shaped slot frame 501, and the width of the rotating rods 15 is smaller than the width of the groove in the U-shaped slot frame 501, allowing them to be positioned within the U-shaped slot frame 501. Internal rotation; control the hydraulic jacks of the two sets of sliding brackets 5 to lift them to close contact with the turning bars 15 on both sides of the slewing mechanism 900, and remove the hydraulic pipelines and connecting bolts of the slewing mechanism 900 of the assembly machine, release the brake or locking mechanism of the sliding brackets 5, drive the slewing mechanism 900 to move horizontally to the turning area through the two sets of sliding brackets 5, and assist the slewing mechanism 900 to turn horizontally along the two sets of sliding brackets 5 through the top hoisting component 16, and then hoist it to the flatbed transport vehicle 17 through the hoisting component 16, and transfer it to the outside of the tunnel through the flatbed transport vehicle 17. The flipping process of the slewing mechanism 900 is as follows: by using four sets of hoisting components 16, two of which are connected to the top of the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine and two of which are connected to the bottom of the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine, the bottom of the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine is lifted up by shortening the bottom hoisting rope, while the top hoisting rope is extended, so that the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine rotates along the sliding bracket to a horizontal state, thereby flipping the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine. Then, the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine, which has been flipped to a horizontal state, is hoisted onto a flatbed transport vehicle by the hoisting components and transported to the outside of the tunnel.

[0082] S5. Disassemble the support beam 901 and H-frame 902 of the segment assembly machine in sequence; first, remove the pipes and bolts from the support beam 901, such as... Figure 18 As shown, the hoisting assembly is directly used to hoist the components along the top track onto the transport vehicle and then transport them outside the tunnel. After the support beam 901 is disassembled, the H-frame 902 is disassembled using the sliding bracket 5. Tilting rods 15 are also welded to both sides of the H-frame 902. With the help of the sliding bracket 15, the H-frame 902 of the assembly machine is moved horizontally, flipped, and pushed to the box culvert 1 for loading and overall transport. The disassembly, flipping, and hoisting process of the H-frame is the same as the disassembly, flipping, and hoisting process of the assembly machine's slewing mechanism in step S4, as detailed in [link to details]. Figure 19 .

[0083] S6. Using the sliding bracket 5 and hoisting assembly 16, disassemble the main drive. The disassembly, flipping, and hoisting process of the main drive is the same as the disassembly, flipping, and hoisting process of the assembly machine's slewing mechanism in step S4, as detailed below. Figures 20 to 22 As shown.

[0084] S7. Shield body segmentation; In this embodiment, the large-diameter shield body is composed of ten segments, specifically as follows: Figure 23As shown, the dismantling sequence of the shield body is to first remove the top section, and then remove the remaining sections sequentially from top to bottom. Traditional large-diameter shield shell dismantling requires welding lifting points to the top of the shield body, followed by using a hand-operated hoist to dismantle each section sequentially. This method suffers from low work efficiency, high labor intensity, and poor stability of the shield body sections during dismantling. Furthermore, welding the lifting points can cause damage to the shield body itself, and the limited lifting capacity of the hand-operated hoist makes it unsuitable for dismantling heavy sections of large-diameter shield shells, posing significant safety hazards. Therefore, this application designs three different tooling fixtures for dismantling large-diameter shield bodies, namely a traveling support frame 6 (e.g., Figure 23 The shield consists of a sliding and rotating traveling support 7 and a horizontal sliding traveling support 8. The traveling support 6, in conjunction with the hoisting components, is used to dismantle the top section (section 1) of the shield body. The sliding and rotating traveling support 7, in conjunction with the hoisting components, is used to dismantle the upper oblique sections (sections 2 and 10) on both sides of the top section of the shield body. The horizontal sliding traveling support 8, in conjunction with the hoisting components, is used to dismantle the horizontal sections (sections 3 and 9) on both sides of the upper part of the shield body. The remaining sections (sections 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8) of the lower part of the shield body can be dismantled without risk and can be directly dismantled using the hoisting components. The traveling support frame 6, sliding rotating traveling support 7, and horizontal sliding traveling support 8 are equipped with the same traveling base frame. Before dismantling the shield body, the two rows of traveling tracks 10 laid on the box culvert in step S3 are shifted so that they match the spacing of the traveling wheels at the bottom of the traveling base frames of the three tooling fixtures. When shifting the traveling tracks 10, the fixing bolts of the traveling tracks 10 are first removed, and the tracks are lifted to the moved position using a hoisting assembly, and then fixed with bolts. After the two rows of traveling tracks 10 are moved, the extension tracks are laid to the position of the shield body. During the travel process, the traveling support frame 6, sliding rotating traveling support 7, and horizontal sliding traveling support 8 all move along the shifted tracks. The specific dismantling process is as follows:

[0085] When dismantling the top section (one section) of the shield body, such as Figures 30 to 32 As shown, the traveling support frame 6 is moved to directly below the top section of the shield body via the traveling base, and the traveling support frame 6 is fixed. The top square frame is then inserted into the hollow area of ​​the top section of the shield body by the lifting frame 602, and is pressed tightly against the top section of the shield body. Then the bolts of the top section of the shield body are removed, so that the top section of the shield body is supported by the traveling support frame 6. The traveling support frame 6 is moved so that it can drive the top section of the shield body to be transferred to the bottom of the top track. Then, the hoisting assembly is used to lift it onto the transport vehicle and transport it out of the tunnel.

[0086] After removing the top section, proceed to remove the two-section and ten-section sections on either side of the top section. You can first remove the inclined section on one side, then remove the inclined slide 701 on the upper part of the sliding and rotating travel bracket 7, change direction, and disassemble the inclined section on the other side. The disassembly process for both sides is the same. The following details the disassembly process for the ten-section section, specifically as follows: Figure 33 As shown, a flipping rod 15, matching the first clamping plate 704 on the sliding rotating travel support 7, is welded to the recessed area of ​​the shield body's tenth block. The inclined slide 701 of the sliding rotating travel support 7 is oriented towards the tenth block, and the end of the inclined slide 701 is inserted into the recessed area of ​​the shield body's tenth block. The sliding lifting jack 703 is controlled to push the sliding rotating support 702 upward along the inclined slide 701, causing the flipping rod of the tenth block to engage in the U-shaped or C-shaped groove of the first clamping plate 704. Figure 34 and Figure 35 As shown, the shield body is supported in ten sections, then the connecting bolts of the ten sections are removed. The sliding jack 703 is retracted to move the sliding rotating support 702 and the ten sections to the lower middle part of the inclined slide 701. The upper inclined section of the shield body is adjusted by rotating along the sliding rotating support using the hoisting assembly. After being transported to the tail of the shield, it is hoisted to a transport vehicle and transferred to the outside of the tunnel. The removal method of the two sections is the same as that of the ten sections.

[0087] After dismantling the shield body in two and ten sections, the dismantling of the third and ninth sections begins. The dismantling of the third and ninth sections is assisted by the horizontal sliding travel bracket 8. The dismantling method for both sections is the same; taking the ninth section as an example, the details are as follows: Move the horizontal sliding travel bracket 8 to the position of the shield body. The horizontal slide 801 extends into the recessed area of ​​the ninth section. Move the supporting rotating frame 802 along the horizontal slide 801 to the recessed area of ​​the ninth section. Then, a flipping bar matching the second clamping plate 803 at the top of the supporting rotating frame 802 is welded to the recessed area of ​​the ninth section, with the flipping bar fitting perfectly into the U-shaped groove of the second clamping plate. Remove the connecting bolts of the horizontal section of the shield body to be dismantled. Figure 36 and Figure 37 As shown, the nine-section shield and the supporting rotating frame 802 are moved together to the middle of the horizontal slide 801 using a hoisting assembly. Then, with the assistance of the hoisting assembly, the horizontal shield sections are rotated and their angles adjusted along the supporting rotating frame. After being transported to the tail of the shield, they are hoisted onto a transport vehicle and transferred outside the tunnel. The disassembly of other sections of the lower part of the shield is as follows... Figure 38 and Figure 39 As shown, the parts are directly hoisted onto the transport vehicle and transferred to the outside of the tunnel. Here, the four-part and eight-part sections can be disassembled first. The five-part, six-part, and seven-part sections can be removed from the center of the cutterhead and then hoisted and transported out of the tunnel together with the rest of the cutterhead.

[0088] S8. After the shield body is dismantled, the cutterhead will be dismantled in sections; the cutterhead sections are as follows: Figure 40 As shown, first remove the center block of the cutterhead, then move the two rows of traveling tracks 14 laid on the box culvert to the positions on both sides of the center block of the cutterhead, and continue laying the extension tracks to the position of the cutterhead, as shown. Figure 41 and Figure 42As shown, flipping rods are welded to both sides of the cutterhead center block. The connecting bolts of the cutterhead center block are removed. The cutterhead center block is disassembled using the sliding bracket 6 and the hoisting assembly. The disassembly, flipping and hoisting process of the cutterhead center block is the same as the disassembly, flipping and hoisting process of the assembly machine slewing mechanism in step S4. After the cutterhead center block is removed, the other cutterhead sections are disassembled from top to bottom. Before disassembling each cutterhead section, its connecting bolts are removed. The cutterhead section with the bolts removed is hoisted onto the transport vehicle using the hoisting assembly and transported outside the tunnel.

[0089] The above description is merely one embodiment of the present invention, and while it is detailed and specific, it should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for rapid dismantling of a large-diameter shield tunnel within a confined space, characterized in that, The dismantling method is carried out in a back-to-foreign sequence and includes the following steps: S1. After the shield machine is powered off, a top track is laid on top of the tunnel segments, extending from the rear of the No. 4 trolley to the rear of the shield machine main unit; the No. 2, No. 3, and No. 4 trolleys located above the box culvert are disassembled in sequence and hoisted onto the transport vehicle along the top track in sections using hoisting components, and then transported to the outside of the tunnel. S2. Dismantling of No. 1 trolley and connecting bridge; disconnect all pipelines and connectors connected to No. 1 trolley, and also disconnect all pipelines and connecting bolts connected to the front and rear of No. 1 trolley. Using the top sliding rail, use the hoisting assembly to hoist and transport the dismantled connecting bridge and No. 1 trolley out in sequence. S3. Continue assembling the box culvert to the tail of the segment assembly machine, and lay two rows of tracks on the box culvert. The two rows of tracks are extended to the corresponding position of the main drive of the tunnel boring machine. The lower part of the extended track is supported by steel sections, and the support spacing is controlled within 1m. The spacing between the two rows of tracks is greater than the maximum size of the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine, so as to reserve enough space for subsequent turning operations. S4. A sliding bracket is used in conjunction with the slewing mechanism of the segment assembly machine for disassembly. The sliding bracket includes a traveling base matching the double-row tracks, a U-shaped slot frame, and a hydraulic jack. The U-shaped slot frame is fixed to the traveling base with its opening facing upwards. The hydraulic jack is fixed to the concave area of ​​the U-shaped slot frame, with its piston end vertically upwards. When the hydraulic jack reaches its maximum stroke, it does not extend beyond the concave area. Two sets of sliding brackets are used to disassemble the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine. The two sets of sliding brackets move along the two rows of tracks laid on the box culvert to both sides of the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine, and are then disassembled via a braking mechanism or lock. The fixed mechanism secures it, and flipping bars are welded to both sides of the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine. The flipping bars are located in the groove of the U-shaped slot frame, and the width of the flipping bars is smaller than the width of the groove of the U-shaped slot frame. The hydraulic jacks of the two sets of sliding brackets are controlled to lift up to close contact with the flipping bars, and the hydraulic pipelines and connecting bolts of the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine are removed. The brake or locking mechanism of the sliding brackets is released, and the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine is moved to the flipping area through the two sets of sliding brackets. The top hoisting component assists the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine to flip to a horizontal state along the two sets of sliding brackets, and then it is transported to the outside of the hole. S5. Disassemble the supporting beam and H-frame of the segment assembly machine in sequence; First, remove the pipes and bolts of the supporting beam, and directly use the hoisting assembly to hoist it onto the transport vehicle along the top track and transfer it outside the tunnel; After the supporting beam is disassembled, use the sliding bracket in step S4 to disassemble the H-frame. The disassembly, flipping and hoisting process of the H-frame is the same as the disassembly, flipping and hoisting process of the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine in step S4. S6. Use the sliding bracket and hoisting assembly from step S4 to disassemble the main drive. The disassembly, flipping and hoisting process of the main drive is the same as the disassembly, flipping and hoisting process of the assembly machine slewing mechanism in step S4. S7. Shield body disassembly; The disassembly sequence is to first remove the top section, and then remove the remaining sections from top to bottom. The top section of the shield body is disassembled using a traveling support frame in conjunction with a hoisting assembly. The upper oblique sections on both sides of the top section are disassembled using a sliding rotating traveling bracket in conjunction with a hoisting assembly. The horizontal sections on both sides of the upper part of the shield body are disassembled using a horizontal sliding traveling bracket in conjunction with a hoisting assembly. The other sections at the bottom of the shield body are disassembled directly using a hoisting assembly. The traveling support frame, sliding rotating traveling bracket, and horizontal sliding traveling bracket are equipped with the same traveling base frame. Before disassembling the shield body, the two rows of tracks laid on the box culvert in step S3 are shifted to match the spacing of the traveling wheels at the bottom of the traveling base frame, and the extended tracks are continued to be laid to the position of the shield body. During the travel process, the traveling support frame, sliding rotating traveling bracket, and horizontal sliding traveling bracket all move along the shifted tracks. S8. After the shield body is dismantled, the cutterhead is dismantled in sections. First, the central cutterhead block is removed. The two rows of tracks laid on the box culvert are moved to the positions on both sides of the central cutterhead block, and the extension tracks are continued to be laid to the position of the cutterhead. Turning rods are welded to both sides of the central cutterhead block. The connecting bolts of the central cutterhead block are removed. The sliding bracket and hoisting assembly from step S4 are used to dismantle the central cutterhead block. The dismantling, turning, and hoisting process of the central cutterhead block is the same as the dismantling, turning, and hoisting process of the assembly machine slewing mechanism in step S4. After the central cutterhead block is removed, the other sections of the cutterhead are dismantled from top to bottom. Before dismantling each section, its connecting bolts are removed. The cutterhead section with the bolts removed is hoisted onto the transport vehicle using the hoisting assembly and transported outside the tunnel.

2. The method for rapid dismantling of a large-diameter shield tunnel in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, four parallel tracks are laid on the top, each track using an I-beam steel slide rail. Multiple chain hoist trolleys are installed on the slide rails, and a lifting ring for installing a hand-operated hoist is welded to the bottom of each chain hoist trolley. The top of the I-beam steel slide rail is connected to the tunnel segment via a figure-eight plate. One end of the figure-eight plate is securely connected to the tunnel segment via segment bolts, and the other end is fixedly connected to the centerline of the upper flange of the I-beam steel slide rail. The disassembly of the second, third, and fourth trolleys involves directly removing the connecting bolts, and then using a hand-operated hoist to hoist the sections sequentially along the top track onto a flatbed transport vehicle, which then transports them outside the tunnel.

3. The method for rapid dismantling of a large-diameter shield tunnel in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that: When dismantling the No. 1 trolley and connecting bridge in step S2, the hoisting assembly includes eight hand-operated hoists, each with a load capacity of 15t.

4. The method for rapid dismantling of a large-diameter shield tunnel in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, during the assembly of the box culvert, it is transported to the target area by a transport vehicle. A hoisting assembly is then used to lift the box culvert onto a rotating fixture along the top track. The rotating fixture's structure drives the upper support structure, causing the box culvert to rotate horizontally at the required angle until it reaches the target assembly posture. Finally, the hoisting assembly lifts it to the installation position for secure installation. The rotating fixture includes a base, a rotating mechanism, and an upper support frame. Both the base and the upper support frame are steel supports. The upper support frame matches the bottom contour of the box culvert, ensuring uniform force distribution and stable posture during placement and rotation. The base forms a stable frame through multiple cross-bracing steel sections. A rotating shaft is located at the center of the base, and the upper support frame is fixed to the rotating shaft. The rotating mechanism includes multiple sets of tank wheels arranged symmetrically and supported at the bottom of the upper support frame. When the upper bearing frame rotates horizontally along the rotating shaft, the rotating mechanism provides smooth and stable transmission support to the upper support frame.

5. The method for rapid dismantling of a large-diameter shield tunnel in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding bracket in step S4 has a traveling base consisting of a steel frame and electric wheels at the bottom of the steel frame. The electric wheels are controlled by a geared motor and have built-in brakes. The geared motor is wirelessly connected to a controller, which controls its forward and backward movement and stopping and locking via a wireless remote control. The hydraulic jack of the sliding bracket is equipped with a hydraulic pump station, which is connected to the hydraulic pump station via hydraulic pipelines. The hydraulic pump station regulates the pressure of the hydraulic jack to achieve stable extension and retraction of the hydraulic jack. The U-shaped slot frame is a steel support, and the piston end of the hydraulic jack is equipped with a lifting plate.

6. The method for rapid dismantling of a large-diameter shield tunnel in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the slewing mechanism of the assembly machine undergoes a flipping process as follows: using four sets of hoisting components, two of which are connected to the top of the slewing mechanism and two of which are connected to the bottom, the bottom of the slewing mechanism is lifted upward by shortening the bottom hoisting rope, while the top hoisting rope is extended, causing the slewing mechanism to rotate along the sliding bracket to a horizontal position, thus flipping the slewing mechanism. Then, the slewing mechanism, now flipped to a horizontal position, is hoisted onto a flatbed transport vehicle and transported outside the tunnel using the hoisting components.

7. The method for rapid dismantling of a large-diameter shield tunnel in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traveling support frame described in step S7 includes a traveling base frame, an assembly support frame, and a lifting frame. The traveling base frame includes a square steel frame and traveling wheels located at the four corners of the bottom surface of the square steel frame. The traveling wheels are driven by a reducer. The assembly support frame is composed of multiple square assembly frames stacked together. There are splicing interfaces at the top of the traveling base frame and at the top and bottom of each square assembly frame. The bottom square assembly frame is fixedly assembled on the traveling base frame. Adjacent square assembly frames are spliced ​​together and then fixedly connected by bolts. The lifting frame includes a bottom square frame, a top square frame, and four lifting cylinders connecting the bottom square frame and the top square frame. The four lifting cylinders are respectively located at the four corners of the bottom square frame, and their piston ends are connected to the four corners of the top square frame. Each set of lifting cylinders is provided with a telescopic guide rod. When dismantling the top section of the shield, the traveling support frame is moved to directly below the top section of the shield via the traveling base and fixed. The top square frame is then inserted into the hollow area of ​​the top section of the shield by the lifting frame and is pressed tightly against the top section of the shield. Then the bolts of the top section of the shield are removed, allowing the top section of the shield to be supported by the traveling support frame. The traveling support frame is moved to transport the top section of the shield to the area below the top track. Finally, the hoisting assembly is used to lift the section onto a transport vehicle and transport it out of the tunnel.

8. The method for rapid dismantling of a large-diameter shield tunnel in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the sliding and rotating traveling support includes a traveling base, an inclined slide, a sliding and rotating support, and at least two sets of sliding lifting jacks 7. The traveling base includes a square steel frame and traveling wheels arranged at the four corners of the bottom surface of the square steel frame. The traveling wheels are driven by a reducer. The inclined slide includes a square support frame fixedly connected to the traveling base and multiple parallel inclined slide rods. The inclination angle of each inclined slide rod is 30-60°. Each inclined slide rod is connected to the square support frame by a vertical support rod. The sliding and rotating support is a right-angled triangular frame, in which one right-angled face is slidably connected to the inclined slide, and the other right-angled face faces upward. A U-shaped clamping plate is provided at the intersection of the upward right-angled face and the inclined face. At least two sets of sliding lifting jacks 7 are arranged on the inclined slide and parallel to the inclined slide rods, with the piston end facing upward and connected to the sliding and rotating support. When dismantling the upper inclined blocks on both sides of the top section of the shield body, a flipping bar matching the clamping plate on the sliding rotating travel support is welded to the recessed area of ​​the upper inclined block of the shield body. The inclined slide of the sliding rotating travel support is then oriented towards the upper inclined block of the shield body on the side to be dismantled. The sliding rotating support is then inserted into the recessed area of ​​the upper inclined block of the shield body. The hydraulic jack is controlled to push the sliding rotating support upward along the inclined slide, and the flipping bar on the upper inclined block is inserted into the U-shaped or C-shaped groove of the clamping plate to support the upper inclined block of the shield body. Then, the connecting bolts of the upper inclined block of the shield body on the side to be dismantled are removed. The hydraulic jack is then retracted to move the sliding rotating support and the upper inclined block of the shield body to the middle and lower part of the inclined slide. The upper inclined block of the shield body is then adjusted by flipping along the sliding rotating support using the hoisting assembly. After being transported to the tail of the shield, it is hoisted onto a transport vehicle and transferred to the outside of the tunnel.

9. The method for rapid dismantling of a large-diameter shield tunnel in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the horizontal sliding travel support includes a travel base frame, a horizontal slide frame, and a support rotating frame. The travel base frame includes a square steel frame and travel wheels arranged at the four corners of the bottom surface of the square steel frame. The travel wheels are driven by a reducer. A square support frame is provided on the square steel frame. The horizontal slide frame is fixed on the square support frame. The support rotating frame is slidably installed on the horizontal slide frame. A U-shaped clamping plate frame is provided on the top of the support rotating frame. When dismantling the horizontal blocks on both sides of the upper part of the shield, the horizontal sliding travel bracket is moved to the position of the shield. The horizontal slide extends into the recessed area of ​​the horizontal blocks on both sides of the upper part of the shield. The support rotating frame is moved along the horizontal slide to the recessed area of ​​the horizontal block of the shield to be dismantled. Then, a flipping bar that matches the top clamping plate of the support rotating frame is welded to the recessed area of ​​the horizontal block of the shield to be dismantled. The flipping bar is just embedded in the U-shaped groove of the clamping plate. The connecting bolts of the horizontal block of the shield to be dismantled are removed. The horizontal block of the shield to be dismantled and the support rotating frame are moved together to the middle of the horizontal slide by the hoisting assembly. Then, the horizontal block of the shield to be dismantled is assisted by the hoisting assembly to flip and adjust the angle along the support rotating frame. After that, it is transported to the tail of the shield and hoisted to the transport vehicle for transfer outside the tunnel.

10. The method for rapid dismantling of a large-diameter shield tunnel in a confined space according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps S7 and S8, when relocating the two rows of tracks laid on the box culvert, the fixing bolts of the tracks are first removed, the tracks are lifted to the new position using the hoisting assembly, and then fixed with bolts.

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