Long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method, system and device and storage medium
By coordinating the deployment of diaphragm-less fiber optic vibration sensing devices and Φ-OTDR sensing fibers, a fusion sensing network is generated, which solves the problems of complex structure and limited response frequency of traditional fiber optic acoustic sensors. This enables high-sensitivity long-distance detection in strong electromagnetic environments, thereby improving the safety and stability of power transmission lines.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511346603.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-13
AI Technical Summary
Traditional fiber optic acoustic sensors have complex structures and limited response frequencies, making it difficult to achieve high-sensitivity long-distance distributed acoustic detection in strong electromagnetic environments. They also lack the ability to identify local high-frequency disturbances and extract fine features.
A diaphragmless fiber optic vibration sensor is deployed in conjunction with a Φ-OTDR sensing fiber to generate a fusion sensing network. Vibration information is acquired through an optical interference structure, and combined with analog-to-digital conversion, signal processing, and spatiotemporal calibration, high-frequency linear response and high-sensitivity detection are achieved.
It achieves high-frequency linear response and high-sensitivity detection in strong electromagnetic environments, enabling rapid coverage of long-distance transmission lines, improving the detection capability of local environmental disturbances, reducing installation and maintenance costs, and enhancing the system's response speed and fault identification capability.
Smart Images
Figure CN121521245A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the field of optical fiber sensing technology, and in particular to a long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method, system, device and storage medium. BACKGROUND
[0002] At present, the safe and stable operation of the transmission line has become the top priority in the rapid development of the smart grid, and its dependence on real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis technology is increasing day by day. Especially in long-distance high-voltage transmission lines, in the face of complex and variable environmental disturbances such as lightning, icing, wind vibration, etc., how to achieve accurate monitoring of the line state and disaster warning has become a key technical problem to be solved.
[0003] At present, in the field of transmission line monitoring, traditional electrical monitoring methods have obvious shortcomings such as strong electromagnetic interference and complex maintenance, and are gradually being replaced by optical fiber sensing technology. Distributed optical fiber sensing systems (such as Φ-OTDR (Phase-sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflectometer), Brillouin or Rayleigh scattering type) have long-distance, large-range continuous sensing capabilities and are widely used in structural state monitoring in many fields, but they have limitations in local high-frequency disturbance identification and fine feature extraction. While point-type optical fiber sensing devices (such as Fabry-Pérot or MZI type acoustic vibration sensors) can achieve high sensitivity and high-frequency response for local accurate detection, they are difficult to deploy on a large scale and have limited coverage. Moreover, traditional optical fiber vibration sensors usually require mechanical diaphragms or cavity structures, which have many disadvantages such as complex structure, high manufacturing and maintenance cost, nonlinear response, limited sensitivity, and poor environmental adaptability. Compared with the advantages of simplifying the structure, wide frequency linear response, high sensitivity, and strong anti-interference ability pursued by the present application, there is a significant gap. SUMMARY
[0004] In view of the above problems, the present application is proposed.
[0005] Therefore, the technical problem solved by the present application is to overcome the structural complexity and response frequency limitation caused by the use of diaphragms in traditional optical fiber acoustic sensors, to improve the linear response of optical fiber sensors to the 10Hz-2MHz (gas) / 20MHz (liquid) ultra-wide frequency band, to realize a high-sensitivity distributed acoustic detection system suitable for strong electromagnetic environments, without metal components, and long-distance deployment, and to improve the local environmental disturbance detection capability of specific sections of the transmission line (such as wind damage-prone areas) by combining Φ-OTDR and diaphragm-free sensing structures.
[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method, comprising:
[0008] Building a diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device to generate a reflected light signal containing vibration information;
[0009] Separating and converting the reflected light signal containing vibration information to obtain an analog electrical signal;
[0010] Digitizing the analog electrical signal and performing signal processing to extract frequency spectrum features;
[0011] Co-deploying the diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device and the Φ-OTDR sensing optical fiber in the key section of the transmission line, and performing time and space and amplitude-frequency parameter calibration to generate a fusion perception network;
[0012] Based on the fusion perception network, data is collected to generate event labels, frequency spectrum data, and time stamps;
[0013] Fusing the event labels, frequency spectrum data, and time stamps to realize event matching, positioning, and identification.
[0014] As a preferred scheme of the long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method, wherein:
[0015] The building of the diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device to generate a reflected light signal containing vibration information comprises:
[0016] A laser source is used to generate continuous and stable laser, which is transmitted to an optical interference structure through a single optical fiber, and the optical interference structure splits the laser and makes the split light interfere.
[0017] As a preferred scheme of the long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method, wherein:
[0018] The separation and conversion of the reflected light signal containing vibration information to obtain an analog electrical signal comprises:
[0019] An optical signal separation device is used to separate the reflected light signal containing vibration information from the incident light path and guide it to a photodetector; the photodetector performs photoelectric conversion on the separated reflected light signal to obtain a high-frequency analog electrical signal that changes with external vibration.
[0020] As a preferred scheme of the long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method, wherein:
[0021] The digitization of the analog electrical signal and the signal processing to extract frequency spectrum features comprise:
[0022] Analog signals are collected by using analog-digital conversion equipment, noise is suppressed by using filtering means, and the collected signals are processed by using denoising algorithms; the processed signals are analyzed by using spectrum and time-frequency analysis methods, target frequency components are extracted from the analysis results by using a feature extraction algorithm, and processed digital vibration signals, spectrum feature data and time-frequency analysis results are generated.
[0023] As a preferred scheme of the long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method, wherein:
[0024] The membrane-free optical fiber vibration sensing device and the Φ-OTDR sensing optical fiber are cooperatively deployed in the key section of the power transmission line, and time-space and amplitude-frequency parameter calibration is performed to generate the fusion sensing network, which includes:
[0025] The collection clock synchronization of the membrane-free optical fiber vibration sensing device and the distributed sensing optical fiber is realized by using a time service means; a frequency response curve is obtained by using a standard excitation to generate compensation parameters; the correspondence between light intensity and external physical quantities is determined by using a known signal to realize sensitivity normalization; and finally, the deployed and calibrated fusion sensing network capable of cooperative work is generated.
[0026] The beneficial effects of the preferred technical scheme are as follows: the collection clock synchronization ensures the time consistency of the data collected by the membrane-free optical fiber vibration sensing device and the distributed sensing optical fiber, making the subsequent data matching and fusion more accurate. The acquisition of the frequency response curve and the compensation parameters can calibrate and compensate the frequency characteristics of different sensing devices, improving the response accuracy of the entire sensing network to different frequency vibrations. Sensitivity normalization ensures the response consistency of different sensing devices to the same external physical quantities, enhances the stability and reliability of the fusion sensing network, realizes the cooperative work of the two sensing devices, and fully utilizes their respective advantages.
[0027] As a preferred scheme of the long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method, wherein:
[0028] The data is cooperatively collected based on the fusion sensing network to generate event labels, spectrum data and time stamps, which include:
[0029] When a vibration event occurs in the external environment, the distributed sensing optical fiber in the fusion sensing network monitors the entire line, and once a disturbance is detected, an event record containing a time stamp and preliminary location information is generated; at the same time, the membrane-free optical fiber vibration sensing device works synchronously to obtain detailed vibration data in the local area.
[0030] The beneficial effects of the preferred technical solution are that the distributed sensing optical fiber monitors the entire line, can quickly find vibration events and provide preliminary location information, and realizes large-scale and rapid monitoring of the power transmission line. The diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device synchronously acquires local detailed vibration data, which can supplement and refine the events detected by the distributed sensing optical fiber, and the two cooperate to collect data, providing more comprehensive and accurate information for subsequent event analysis and identification, and improving the detection and analysis capability of vibration events.
[0031] As a preferred solution of the long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method, wherein:
[0032] The fusion of the event label, the spectrum data and the time stamp realizes event matching, positioning and identification, including:
[0033] According to the time label, the event record of the distributed sensing optical fiber is matched with the vibration data collected by the diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device; the preliminary position provided by the distributed sensing optical fiber is compared with the fixed installation position of the diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device; and the positioning result of the distributed sensing optical fiber is combined with the detailed spectrum features extracted by the diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device for comprehensive diagnosis and identification.
[0034] The beneficial effects of the preferred technical solution are that data matching is performed through the time label, ensuring that the data collected by the distributed sensing optical fiber and the diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device correspond to the same vibration event. The position comparison further accurately determines the position of the event, and the combination of the positioning result of the distributed sensing optical fiber and the detailed spectrum features of the diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device for comprehensive diagnosis and identification can fully utilize the advantages of the two sensing devices, improve the identification accuracy and reliability of the vibration event type, position and nature, and provide stronger support for the safe operation of the power transmission line.
[0035] In a second aspect, the present application provides a long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing system, comprising:
[0036] The diaphragm-free optical fiber light signal generation module is used to build the diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device and generate a reflected light signal containing vibration information;
[0037] The reflected light signal electric conversion module is used to separate and convert the reflected light signal containing vibration information to obtain an analog electric signal;
[0038] The electric signal digitization and spectrum extraction module is used to digitize the analog electric signal and perform signal processing to extract spectrum features;
[0039] The optical fiber device cooperates with a layout calibration module, which is used for laying the diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device and the sensing optical fiber of the Phi-OTDR together in a key section of a power transmission line, and calibrating time and space and amplitude-frequency parameters to generate a fusion sensing network.
[0040] The fusion network data acquisition label module is used for acquiring data based on the fusion sensing network to generate event labels, spectrum data and time stamps.
[0041] The multi-data fusion event identification module is used for fusing the event labels, the spectrum data and the time stamps to realize event matching, positioning and identification.
[0042] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer device, comprising:
[0043] a memory and a processor;
[0044] The memory is used for storing computer executable instructions, and the processor is used for executing the computer executable instructions, which realize the steps of the long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method.
[0045] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores computer executable instructions, which realize the steps of the long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method when executed by a processor.
[0046] The high-performance long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method of the present application has significant beneficial effects in practical scenarios such as transmission line monitoring. Traditional monitoring methods are difficult to cope with line safety monitoring problems in complex environments, and the present application effectively solves these problems. In terms of high-frequency broadband sensing, no mechanical components are required, and linear response in the ultra-wide frequency band can be achieved, enabling accurate capture of vibration information of various frequencies in the transmission line, whether it is low-frequency wind vibration or high-frequency conductor dancing, stock precursor, etc. can be effectively monitored to provide all-round protection for line safety; high-sensitivity acoustic detection capability is realized through the Fabry-Pérot interference principle, which can accurately collect weak sound waves, even weak abnormal vibrations can be discovered in time, which helps to early warning of potential faults and reduces the probability of faults; it has strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability, and the non-metallic structure enables it to work stably in a strong electric field and high-voltage environment, avoiding the problem of electromagnetic interference of traditional sensors, ensuring accurate and reliable monitoring in complex transmission line environments; the simplified single optical fiber structure facilitates batch layout along the line and remote synchronous acquisition, reducing installation and maintenance costs, improving deployment efficiency, and enabling rapid coverage of long-distance transmission lines; the present application can be seamlessly combined with the Φ-OTDR system to realize linear sensing and disturbance event tracking. The distributed system realizes large-scale early warning and fault preliminary positioning, and the point sensor performs high-sensitivity analysis and detail recovery on the key section, significantly improving the response speed, positioning accuracy and fault recognition ability of the overall system, and providing strong support for the safe and stable operation of the transmission line. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.
[0048] Figure 1 is the overall flowchart of the long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method provided by the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0049] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more apparent and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings of the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should be within the scope of protection of the present application.
[0050] Embodiment 1, refer to Figure 1For the first embodiment of the application, the embodiment provides a long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method, comprising:
[0051] S1: building a diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device to generate a reflected light signal containing vibration information;
[0052] S2: separating and converting the reflected light signal containing vibration information to obtain an analog electrical signal;
[0053] S3: digitizing the analog electrical signal and performing signal processing to extract frequency spectrum features;
[0054] S4: co-deploying the diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device and the Φ-OTDR sensing optical fiber in the key section of the power transmission line, and performing time-space and amplitude-frequency parameter calibration to generate a fusion perception network;
[0055] S5: based on the fusion perception network, co-collecting data to generate event labels, frequency spectrum data, and time stamps;
[0056] S6: fusing the event labels, frequency spectrum data, and time stamps to realize event matching, positioning, and identification.
[0057] It should be noted that through steps S1-S6, the structural complexity and response frequency limitation caused by the use of diaphragms in traditional optical fiber acoustic sensors can be overcome; the linear response of the optical fiber sensor to the 10Hz-2MHz(gas) / 20MHz(liquid) ultra-wide frequency band is improved; a high-sensitivity distributed acoustic detection system suitable for strong electromagnetic environments, without metal components, and long-distance deployment is realized; the combination of Φ-OTDR and diaphragm-free sensing structure improves the local environmental disturbance detection capability of specific sections of the power transmission line, such as wind damage-prone areas.
[0058] Embodiment 2, refer to Figure 1 For an embodiment of the application, based on the previous embodiment, a long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method is provided, comprising:
[0059] In this embodiment, the step S1 of building a diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device to generate a reflected light signal containing vibration information includes:
[0060] 1mW continuous stable laser generated by a 1550nm laser diode is transmitted through a single optical fiber to a micro Fabry-Pérot interference cavity (composed of two millimeter-level semi-reflective mirrors, forming a fixed cavity length). The external acoustic wave or vibration disturbance to be measured acts on the cavity, causing the cavity pressure to change, resulting in the shift of the interference fringe position, and the light intensity of the reflected light changes with the modulation of the cavity length, generating a reflected light signal containing external vibration information and light intensity modulation.
[0061] In another possible implementation, the optical interference structure can also use a Michelson interferometer; specifically, a 1 mW continuous stable laser is generated by a 1550 nm laser diode and input into the beam splitter of the Michelson interferometer through a single optical fiber. The beam splitter divides the laser into two beams, which are directed to different mirrors. When external sound waves or vibrations act on the optical path of one of the mirrors, it will cause a change in the optical path of that optical path; due to the change in the optical path difference of the two beams, the interference fringes move, and the intensity of the interference light changes, finally outputting an interference light signal whose intensity is modulated and containing vibration information.
[0062] In another possible implementation, the optical interference structure can also use a Michelson interferometer; specifically, a 1 mW continuous stable laser is generated by a 1550 nm laser diode and input into the beam splitter of the Michelson interferometer through a single optical fiber. The beam splitter divides the laser into two beams, which are directed to different mirrors. When external sound waves or vibrations act on the optical path of one of the mirrors, it will cause a change in the optical path of that optical path; due to the change in the optical path difference of the two beams, the interference fringes move, and the intensity of the interference light changes, finally outputting an interference light signal whose intensity is modulated and containing vibration information.
[0063] In another possible implementation, the membrane-free fiber vibration sensing device can also be built by optimizing the packaging structure. A high-molecular material with special elasticity is used to package the optical fiber. This high-molecular material not only protects the optical fiber from external environmental interference, such as humidity and temperature changes, but also effectively transmits external vibrations to the optical fiber. For example, using silicone as the packaging material, it has good flexibility and elasticity, and can produce corresponding deformation with external vibrations, thereby causing the internal optical fiber to bend and stretch slightly, thus more sensitively sensing vibrations. At the same time, in the design of the packaging structure, a multi-layer nesting method can be used, the outer layer provides protection, and the inner layer focuses on vibration transmission and enhancement, improving the device's response capability to different frequency vibrations.
[0064] In another possible implementation, the membrane-free fiber vibration sensing device can also be built by introducing an intelligent adjustment mechanism. A micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) sensor and a feedback control circuit are integrated in the device. The MEMS sensor monitors environmental parameters such as temperature and pressure in real time. The feedback control circuit automatically adjusts the tension and working state of the optical fiber based on the data collected by the MEMS sensor. For example, when the environmental temperature rises and causes the elastic modulus of the optical fiber to change, the feedback control circuit can adjust the tension of the optical fiber through a small mechanical device, keeping it in the best sensing state, thereby ensuring that the device can generate a reflected light signal containing vibration information stably and accurately under different environmental conditions.
[0065] In the embodiment, the step S2 of separating and converting the reflected light signal containing vibration information to obtain an analog electrical signal includes:
[0066] The optical signal separation device is preferably an optical circulator, which separates the reflected light signal containing vibration information from the incident light path and guides it to a photodetector for photoelectric conversion to obtain a high-frequency analog electrical signal that changes with external vibration.
[0067] In another possible implementation, a fiber coupler can also be used as an optical signal separation device to achieve incident-reflection separation. Specifically, the fiber coupler is connected to the optical path. When the laser generated by the 1550 nm laser diode is transmitted to the micro Fabry-Pérot interference cavity through the optical fiber, the reflected light signal containing vibration information is reflected back to the fiber coupler. The fiber coupler separates the reflected light signal from the incident light path according to its light splitting characteristics and guides the separated reflected light signal to the photodetector. The photodetector converts the reflected light signal into an electrical signal. Since the reflected light signal contains external vibration information, the converted electrical signal is a high-frequency analog electrical signal that changes with external vibration.
[0068] In another possible implementation, a coupler can also be used as an optical signal separation device to achieve incident-reflection separation. Specifically, the coupler is installed at a suitable position in the optical path. When the laser is emitted from the laser diode and enters the interference cavity, the reflected light signal containing vibration information is reflected into the coupler. The coupler uses its coupling function to separate the reflected light signal from the incident light path, so that the separated reflected light signal is transmitted along a specific optical fiber channel to the photodetector. After the photodetector receives the reflected light signal, it performs photoelectric conversion to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal. This electrical signal will change accordingly with the external vibration, forming a high-frequency analog electrical signal.
[0069] In the embodiment, the step S3 of digitizing the analog electrical signal and performing signal processing to extract the frequency spectrum characteristics includes:
[0070] An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a high sampling rate is used to collect the analog electrical signal. A digital bandpass filter is used to suppress noise, and a multi-resolution denoising algorithm based on wavelet packet decomposition is used for deep processing.
[0071] Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and short-time Fourier transform (STFT) are used for frequency and time-frequency analysis, and a peak detection algorithm is used to extract the target frequency component.
[0072] In the weak signal detection scenario, a phase-locked amplification and average superposition technique is introduced to improve the detection sensitivity.
[0073] The processed digitized vibration signal, high-precision spectral feature data, and time-frequency analysis result are generated.
[0074] In the embodiment, the diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device and the Φ-OTDR sensing optical fiber are arranged in the key section of the power transmission line in step S4, and the time-space and amplitude-frequency parameter calibration is performed to generate the fusion sensing network, which includes:
[0075] The diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device is installed in the key section prone to disturbance, such as a section where wind damage frequently occurs, icing frequently occurs, wild animals frequently move, or external force invasion risk is high.
[0076] It should be noted that the sensor of the diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device does not rely on a mechanical diaphragm and is suitable for working in complex environments such as strong wind, large temperature difference, and electromagnetic interference, and can achieve accurate monitoring of local high-frequency vibration (such as conductor galloping and strand breakage precursor).
[0077] Joint arrangement with distributed sensing optical fiber: Φ-OTDR distributed sensing optical fiber is laid along the entire power transmission line to realize continuous monitoring of the entire line; in the key area where the detection sensitivity of the distributed system is not enough, the diaphragm-free point sensor is embedded in the distributed sensing link through optical splitter, optical fiber loop device, etc., to realize complementary sensing.
[0078] Modular integrated installation: the diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device is integrated into a prefabricated installation module, combined with weather-resistant housing and optical fiber connector design, and installed on structures such as towers, insulator crossarms, and conductor clamps, to ensure the stability of the sensor and the convenience of maintenance.
[0079] The sensing device is connected to the distributed optical fiber through the same root optical fiber, and the reflected / interference signal is sent back to the central station for demodulation and analysis through remote backhaul, which is simple and suitable for large-scale deployment.
[0080] In remote areas, solar power supply devices and edge communication nodes can be combined to provide energy and data relay functions for the sensing module, and to build a complete on-site sensing-transmission-processing link.
[0081] The time-space and amplitude-frequency parameter calibration includes:
[0082] Time synchronization: GPS time module or IEEE 1588 protocol (PTP) is used to realize the synchronization of the acquisition clock of the diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device and the Φ-OTDR.
[0083] Frequency response calibration: a standard sound source is used to excite, obtain the frequency response curve, and generate software compensation parameters.
[0084] Amplitude calibration: The correspondence between light intensity and sound pressure is determined by using a known sound pressure level signal to realize sensitivity normalization.
[0085] Finally, a completed deployment and calibration of the collaborative fusion perception network is generated.
[0086] In this embodiment, the step S5 of generating event labels, spectral data and time stamps based on the collaborative data collection of the fusion perception network includes:
[0087] For external vibration events (such as wind vibration and impact), the Φ-OTDR sensing optical fiber monitors the entire line. Once a disturbance is detected, an event record containing a time stamp and preliminary location information is generated. The diaphragmless optical fiber vibration sensing device works synchronously to obtain detailed local vibration data.
[0088] Finally, the Φ-OTDR generates a preliminary event record with a time label and a spatial location label; the diaphragmless optical fiber vibration sensing device generates vibration spectral feature data with accurate time stamps.
[0089] In this embodiment, the step S6 of fusing event labels, spectral data and time stamps to realize event matching, positioning and identification includes:
[0090] According to the time label, within a millisecond tolerance, the event record of the Φ-OTDR is matched with the vibration data collected by the diaphragmless optical fiber vibration sensing device.
[0091] According to the preliminary location provided by the Φ-OTDR, the fixed installation position of the diaphragmless optical fiber vibration sensing device is compared to confirm that the event occurred in the key monitoring section.
[0092] The positioning results of the Φ-OTDR are combined with the detailed spectral features (such as wind vibration spectrum and impact characteristics) extracted by the diaphragmless optical fiber vibration sensing device for comprehensive diagnosis and identification.
[0093] The accurate location of the event, the event type identification result (such as conductor dancing and foreign object impact), and the complete diagnostic report are generated.
[0094] For example, assume that a power transmission line passes through a region prone to wind damage, a region with frequent wildlife activity, and a construction site with the risk of external intrusion. Distributed sensing optical fibers are laid along the line for full-line monitoring, and membrane-free optical fiber vibration sensing devices are installed in these key areas. One day, the distributed sensing optical fibers detect a vibration disturbance in a certain area of the line, generating an event record containing a 10:30 am timestamp and preliminary location information between the K3-K4 towers. At the same time, the membrane-free optical fiber vibration sensing device in that area works synchronously to collect detailed local vibration data. According to the time label, the time stamp of the data collected by the membrane-free optical fiber vibration sensing device is matched with the time stamp of the event record of the distributed sensing optical fiber within a millisecond tolerance, confirming that the two data are for the same vibration event. Then, the preliminary location provided by the distributed sensing optical fiber is compared with the fixed installation location of the membrane-free optical fiber vibration sensing device, and it is found that the membrane-free optical fiber vibration sensing device is installed near the K3 tower, confirming that the event occurred in the key monitoring section. The frequency spectrum features extracted by the membrane-free optical fiber vibration sensing device show that the vibration frequency is concentrated in the specific low frequency range of 0.5-2 Hz and the spectrum is relatively continuous and stable. According to past experience and known wind vibration spectrum templates, wind vibration usually has obvious characteristics in this frequency range. Combined with the data from the local meteorological department, the area was experiencing strong winds that day, and the wind reached a certain level, indicating that the event was likely caused by wind vibration. Further observation of the frequency spectrum features reveals the presence of some intermittent and irregular high-frequency pulse signals. By consulting historical data and related research, it is found that wildlife activity can produce similar high-frequency pulses. Considering that this area is a region with frequent wildlife activity, the likelihood of the event being related to wildlife activity increases. By checking whether there are sudden and high-intensity impact signals in the spectrum, which are usually related to external intrusion, and since no such characteristic signals are detected, the possibility of external intrusion is temporarily ruled out. By combining the frequency spectrum features, location information, weather conditions, and regional characteristics, it is determined that the event was caused by wind vibration, but it cannot be ruled out that there was a slight impact from wildlife activity. Finally, a diagnostic report is generated, specifying the precise location of the event as near the K3 tower and the type of event as wind vibration (possibly with slight wildlife activity impact), and detailing the entire process and basis for the comprehensive diagnosis and identification, providing decision support for the maintenance and management of the power transmission line.
[0095] It should be noted that the key parameter indicators applicable to this method have a response frequency range of 10 Hz to 2 MHz in air and 20 MHz in liquid; the sound pressure level detection range is up to 190 dB SPL; the environmental adaptability is suitable for high electromagnetic interference environments without metal structures; the precision is that the spectral linear error is less than 1%, and the signal-to-noise ratio is better than 60 dB.
[0096] In another possible implementation, the fusion of event labels, spectrum data and timestamps to achieve event matching, positioning and identification can also be completed by using blockchain technology. The event labels, spectrum data and timestamps are recorded as data blocks on the blockchain, and the non-tamperable and distributed storage characteristics of the blockchain are used to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the data. When performing event matching, positioning and identification, different nodes can verify and analyze the data on the blockchain through a consensus algorithm. For example, multiple monitoring sites act as nodes, and when an event occurs, each node uploads the relevant data it collects to the blockchain, and then compares and analyzes the data through a smart contract to achieve accurate event matching and positioning according to pre-set rules. This approach improves the credibility of the data and the security of the system, while also facilitating data sharing and traceability.
[0097] In another possible implementation, the fusion of event labels, spectrum data and timestamps to achieve event matching, positioning and identification can also be completed by using a combination of cloud computing and edge computing. At the edge, such as at each monitoring site, the raw data collected is preliminarily processed to extract key feature information, such as the main frequency components of the spectrum and the approximate time range of the event, reducing the amount of data to be transmitted. The processed data is then uploaded to the cloud, which uses powerful computing power and storage resources to integrate and analyze data from multiple edge nodes. By establishing complex data analysis models and combining historical data and real-time data, more accurate event matching, positioning and identification can be achieved. For example, the cloud can classify and locate events more carefully based on the event occurrence patterns in different regions and time periods, improving the intelligent decision-making capabilities of the entire system.
[0098] In another possible implementation, an automatic calibration process can be periodically performed to maintain the long-term reliability and accuracy of the method. Specifically, the time drift and amplitude deviation are automatically corrected by periodically injecting a built-in reference signal or comparing data from historical matching events, and the calibration parameters are re-applied.
[0099] Embodiment 3, the above is a schematic scheme of the long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method of the present embodiment. It should be noted that the technical scheme of the long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing system belongs to the same concept as the technical scheme of the long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method described above. The technical scheme of the long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing system in the present embodiment, which is not described in detail, can be referred to the description of the technical scheme of the long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing method.
[0100] The present embodiment also provides a long-distance optical fiber vibration sensing system, comprising:
[0101] The diaphragm-free optical fiber light signal generation module is configured to build a diaphragm-free optical fiber vibration sensing device and generate a reflected light signal containing vibration information.
[0102] a reflected light signal electric conversion module for separating and converting the reflected light signal containing vibration information to obtain an analog electric signal;
[0103] an electric signal digitization and spectrum extraction module for digitizing the analog electric signal and performing signal processing to extract a spectrum feature;
[0104] a fiber device cooperative layout calibration module for cooperatively laying the diaphragm-free fiber vibration sensing device and the Φ-OTDR sensing fiber in a key section of a power transmission line and performing time-space and amplitude-frequency parameter calibration to generate a fusion sensing network;
[0105] a fusion network data acquisition tag module for cooperatively acquiring data based on the fusion sensing network to generate an event tag, spectrum data and a time stamp;
[0106] a multi-data fusion event identification module for fusing the event tag, spectrum data and time stamp to achieve event matching, positioning and identification.
[0107] The embodiment also provides an electronic device suitable for the long-distance fiber vibration sensing method, which comprises:
[0108] a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer executable instructions to realize the long-distance fiber vibration sensing method proposed in the above embodiment.
[0109] The embodiment also provides a storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and the program is executed by a processor to realize the long-distance fiber vibration sensing method proposed in the above embodiment.
[0110] The storage medium proposed in the embodiment and the long-distance fiber vibration sensing method proposed in the above embodiment belong to the same inventive concept, and the technical details not described in the embodiment can be referred to the above embodiment, and the embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the above embodiment.
[0111] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application but not limit the present application, and although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced equivalently without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application, and all should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims
1. A long-distance fiber optic vibration sensing method, characterized in that, include: A diaphragm-free fiber optic vibration sensing device was constructed to generate a reflected light signal containing vibration information. The reflected light signal containing vibration information is separated and converted to obtain an analog electrical signal; The analog electrical signal is digitized and processed to extract its spectral features. A diaphragm-less fiber optic vibration sensor and a Φ-OTDR sensing fiber are deployed together in key sections of the transmission line, and spatiotemporal and amplitude-frequency parameters are calibrated to generate a fused sensing network. Based on the collaborative data collection using a fusion sensing network, event tags, spectrum data, and timestamps are generated. By integrating event tags, spectrum data, and timestamps, event matching, location, and identification can be achieved.
2. The long-distance fiber optic vibration sensing method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the diaphragm-free fiber optic vibration sensing device, which generates a reflected light signal containing vibration information, includes: A laser source is used to generate a continuous and stable laser beam, which is then transmitted to an optical interference structure via a single optical fiber. The optical interference structure splits the laser beam and causes the split beams to interfere.
3. The long-distance fiber optic vibration sensing method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The process of separating and converting the reflected light signal containing vibration information to obtain the analog electrical signal includes: An optical signal separation device is used to separate the reflected light signal containing vibration information from the incident light path and guide it to a photodetector. The photodetector performs photoelectric conversion on the separated reflected light signal to obtain a high-frequency analog electrical signal that changes with external vibration.
4. The long-distance fiber optic vibration sensing method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The process of digitizing the analog electrical signal and performing signal processing to extract spectral features includes: Analog-to-digital converters are used to acquire analog electrical signals, filtering is used to suppress noise, and denoising algorithms are applied to process the acquired signals. Spectrum and time-frequency analysis methods are used to analyze the processed signals, and target frequency components are extracted from the analysis results using feature extraction algorithms to generate processed digital vibration signals, spectral feature data, and time-frequency analysis results.
5. The long-distance fiber optic vibration sensing method as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The step of deploying a diaphragm-less fiber optic vibration sensor and a Φ-OTDR sensing fiber in a coordinated manner in key sections of the transmission line, and performing spatiotemporal and amplitude-frequency parameter calibration to generate a fused sensing network includes: The acquisition clock of the diaphragmless fiber optic vibration sensor and the distributed sensing fiber is synchronized through timing means; the frequency response curve is obtained and compensation parameters are generated using standard excitation; the correspondence between light intensity and external physical quantities is determined using known signals to achieve sensitivity normalization; and finally, a fusion sensing network that has been deployed and calibrated and can work collaboratively is generated.
6. The long-distance fiber optic vibration sensing method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The generation of event tags, spectrum data, and timestamps based on the collaborative data collection using a fusion sensing network includes: When an external vibration event occurs, the distributed sensing optical fiber in the fused sensing network monitors the entire line. Once a disturbance is detected, an event record containing a timestamp and preliminary location information is generated. At the same time, the diaphragmless optical fiber vibration sensing device works synchronously to acquire detailed local vibration data.
7. The long-distance fiber optic vibration sensing method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The fusion of event tags, spectrum data, and timestamps to achieve event matching, location, and identification includes: Based on time tags, the event records of the distributed sensing fiber are matched with the vibration data collected by the diaphragmless fiber optic vibration sensor; the preliminary position provided by the distributed sensing fiber is compared with the fixed installation position of the diaphragmless fiber optic vibration sensor; and the positioning results of the distributed sensing fiber are combined with the detailed spectral features extracted by the diaphragmless fiber optic vibration sensor for comprehensive diagnosis and identification.
8. A long-distance fiber optic vibration sensing system, using the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, include: A diaphragm-less fiber optic signal generation module is used to build a diaphragm-less fiber optic vibration sensing device to generate a reflected light signal containing vibration information. The reflected light signal to electrical conversion module is used to separate and convert the reflected light signal containing vibration information into an analog electrical signal; The electrical signal digitization and spectrum extraction module is used to digitize analog electrical signals and perform signal processing to extract spectral features; A fiber optic device collaborative deployment calibration module is used to collaboratively deploy a diaphragm-less fiber optic vibration sensor and a Φ-OTDR sensing fiber in key sections of the transmission line, and to perform spatiotemporal and amplitude-frequency parameter calibration to generate a fused sensing network. The converged network data acquisition tag module is used to collaboratively acquire data based on the converged sensing network and generate event tags, spectrum data and timestamps; The multi-data fusion event recognition module is used to fuse event tags, spectrum data, and timestamps to achieve event matching, location, and recognition.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Memory and processor; The memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.