Pressure distribution monitoring device for large-deformation surrounding rock tunnel supporting steel support energy dissipation equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent sensors, in particular to a large-deformation surrounding rock tunnel support steel support energy dissipation equipment pressure distribution monitoring device which comprises a flexible distributed sensing base band wound on two steel arch supports in a bolt shape. An energy dissipation device is fixed between the two steel arch supports, high-density pressure sensing unit array strips are embedded in the surfaces, making contact with the steel arch supports, of the flexible distributed sensing base bands, and the high-density pressure sensing unit array strips are clamped between the flexible distributed sensing base bands and the steel arch supports. The high-density pressure sensing unit array strip monitors the pressure distribution on the supporting surface of the steel arch in real time; the device has the advantages that the device is tightly attached to the surfaces of various energy dissipation devices, continuous, real-time and dynamic monitoring of comprehensive pressure distribution of the energy dissipation devices is achieved, therefore, the working state of the energy dissipation devices is visually revealed, the energy dissipation effect is verified, and a direct data basis is provided for safety early warning and optimization decision making of a supporting system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent sensor technology, specifically to a pressure distribution monitoring device for energy dissipation equipment in steel support for tunnels with large deformation surrounding rock. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel construction in rocky terrain with large deformations, the stability and safety of the supporting steel supports are crucial. As the tunnel depth increases, the pressure on the surrounding rock gradually rises. The steel support structure must not only withstand this immense pressure but also cope with the dynamic challenges posed by rock deformation. Especially when large deformations occur in the surrounding rock, the energy dissipation devices between the steel supports will activate and slide to absorb energy, protecting the tunnel structure from damage. However, the pressure distribution on the surface of the steel supports changes during this process. If these changes are not monitored promptly and accurately, it will be difficult to assess the stress state of the steel supports, thus affecting the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction.

[0003] Traditional pressure monitoring methods often employ point sensors, which are sparsely distributed and unable to comprehensively reflect the pressure distribution on the steel support surface. Furthermore, due to the complexity of the tunnel construction environment, these sensors are easily damaged, leading to data loss or distortion. In addition, when the steel support slips, traditional sensors struggle to adapt to this dynamic change, easily resulting in monitoring interruptions or inaccurate data.

[0004] Therefore, developing a monitoring device that can monitor the surface pressure distribution of steel supports in tunnels with large deformation in real time and accurately, and can adapt to the dynamic slippage of the steel supports, has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the field of tunnel construction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pressure distribution monitoring device for energy dissipation equipment of steel support in tunnels with large deformation surrounding rock, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a pressure distribution monitoring device for energy dissipation equipment of steel support in large deformation surrounding rock tunnels, comprising a flexible distributed sensing baseband, the flexible distributed sensing baseband being bolted around a steel arch support, two steel arch supports being provided, an energy dissipation device being fixed between the two steel arch supports, a high-density pressure sensing unit array strip being embedded in the surface of the flexible distributed sensing baseband in contact with the steel arch support, the high-density pressure sensing unit array strip being clamped between the flexible distributed sensing baseband and the steel arch support, the high-density pressure sensing unit array strip monitoring the pressure distribution on the surface of the steel arch support in real time, and mounting components being provided at both ends of the flexible distributed sensing baseband, the mounting components fixing the flexible distributed sensing baseband to the steel arch support;

[0007] The surface of the flexible distributed sensing baseband is provided with a local slip compensation structure. Under the expected maximum slip of the steel arch support, the wrinkles of the local slip compensation structure can be stretched to near flatness without being straightened and locked, and still retain elastic margin.

[0008] The surface of the flexible distributed sensing baseband is provided with an elastic buffer unit. When the local sliding compensation structure is stretched, the elastic buffer unit deforms and rebounds to pull the local sliding compensation structure back to its original position.

[0009] Preferably, the mounting assembly includes an elastic metal hoop, one end of which is fixed to the end of the flexible distributed sensing baseband. One end of the elastic metal hoop has a splicing groove two on its outer ring surface, and the other end of the elastic metal hoop has a splicing groove one on its inner ring surface. The splicing groove one and the splicing groove two match, and the two ends of the elastic metal hoop are spliced ​​together by the splicing groove one and the splicing groove two in an alternating manner. The surface of the splicing groove two has a positioning screw hole. The other end of the elastic metal hoop is screwed with a hand-tightening screw, which passes through the other end of the elastic metal hoop and is screwed into the positioning screw hole.

[0010] Preferably, the positioning screw holes are provided in two sets, which are arranged vertically. Each set of positioning screw holes has multiple holes, and the multiple positioning screw holes are arranged at equal distances and of equal size along the arc surface of the splicing groove two.

[0011] Preferably, the elastic metal hoop is in the shape of an arc strip, and multiple rubber gaskets are fixed on the inner ring surface of the elastic metal hoop. After the two ends of the elastic metal hoop are spliced ​​together, the rubber gaskets are clamped between the elastic metal hoop and the steel arch support.

[0012] Preferably, the surface of the flexible distributed sensing baseband is provided with an embedding groove, and the high-density pressure sensing unit array strip is fixed inside the embedding groove.

[0013] Preferably, the local slip compensation structure includes a flexible pleated strip, which has multiple segments, and the multiple segments of the flexible pleated strip are arranged at equal intervals and of equal size along the flexible distributed sensing baseband.

[0014] Preferably, the elastic buffer unit includes a high-elasticity rubber band, which covers the flexible pleated strip. The two ends of the high-elasticity rubber band are respectively fixed to the flexible distributed sensing basebands on both sides of the flexible pleated strip. When the flexible pleated strip is stretched, the high-elasticity rubber band is stretched synchronously. After the high-elasticity rubber band rebounds, it pulls the flexible pleated strip to reset.

[0015] Preferably, the surfaces of the flexible distributed sensing baseband, the flexible corrugated band, and the high-elasticity rubber band are all coated with a thermoplastic polyurethane coating.

[0016] Preferably, it also includes a data acquisition and processing unit, which is connected to the flexible distributed sensing baseband via a signal bus, acquires pressure data from the high-density pressure sensing unit array strips on the flexible distributed sensing baseband, and uploads the data to the monitoring center server via an industrial Ethernet or wireless module. The monitoring center server runs software to realize pressure field reconstruction and visualization, status analysis and early warning, data storage and reporting functions.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] The pressure distribution monitoring device for steel support energy dissipation equipment in large deformation surrounding rock tunnels proposed in this invention is closely attached to the surface of various energy dissipation equipment, realizing continuous, real-time, and dynamic monitoring of its comprehensive pressure distribution. This allows for a direct view of the working status of the energy dissipation equipment, verification of its energy dissipation effect, and provides direct data support for safety early warning and optimization decisions of the support system.

[0019] By combining a flexible distributed sensing baseband with a high-density pressure sensing unit array, real-time and comprehensive monitoring of the pressure distribution on the surface of the steel arch support was achieved. This monitoring method overcomes the limitations of traditional point sensors, providing more detailed and accurate pressure data and offering strong support for safety assessments in tunnel construction.

[0020] The device incorporates a localized slip compensation structure and elastic buffer unit, enabling the flexible distributed sensing baseband to adapt to the dynamic slippage of the steel arch support during energy dissipation. The synergistic effect of the flexible corrugated belt and high-elasticity rubber band ensures the sensing baseband remains tightly fitted during slippage, providing continuous and effective pressure monitoring unaffected by mechanical displacement. The flexible distributed sensing baseband is woven from aramid or high-molecular-weight polyethylene fibers, possessing extremely high tensile strength and abrasion resistance. This characteristic allows the sensing baseband to operate stably for extended periods in harsh tunnel construction environments, resisting damage and ensuring the reliability and durability of monitoring data. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic metal hoop structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the flexible distributed sensing baseband structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Structural cross-section view at point BB;

[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point C.

[0027] In the figure: 1. Flexible distributed sensing baseband; 101. Flexible pleated strip; 102. Embedding groove; 2. High-density pressure sensing unit array strip; 3. High-elasticity rubber strip; 4. Steel arch support; 5. Energy dissipation device; 6. Elastic metal hoop; 6. Splicing groove one; 601. Splicing groove two; 602. Rubber gasket; 603. Positioning screw hole; 604. Hand-tightening screw; 605. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clear and complete, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention, and are merely illustrative of the embodiments of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1, please refer to Figures 1 to 6 This invention provides a technical solution: a pressure distribution monitoring device for energy dissipation equipment of steel support in large deformation surrounding rock tunnels, comprising a flexible distributed sensing baseband 1. The flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 is woven from aramid or high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, possessing extremely high tensile strength and wear resistance. The flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 is bolted around a steel arch support 4. Two steel arch supports 4 are provided, and an energy dissipation device 5 is fixed between the two steel arch supports 4. A high-density pressure sensing unit array strip 2 is embedded in the surface of the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 in contact with the steel arch support 4. The high-density pressure sensing unit array strip 2 is sandwiched between the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 and the steel arch support 4. The high-density pressure sensing unit array strip 2 monitors the pressure distribution on the surface of the steel arch support 4 in real time. The unit array strip 2 preferably uses fiber optic pressure sensors or thin-film array pressure sensors. The high-density pressure sensing unit array strip 2 is connected by microwires or micro-fiber channels printed inside the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1, forming a bus. Both ends of the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 are equipped with mounting components, which fix the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 to the steel arch support 4. It also includes a data acquisition and processing unit, which is connected to the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 through a signal bus, collects the pressure data of the high-density pressure sensing unit array strip 2 on the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1, and uploads the data to the monitoring center server through industrial Ethernet or wireless module. The monitoring center server runs software to realize pressure field reconstruction and visualization, status analysis and early warning, data storage and reporting functions.

[0030] To ensure the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 is securely fixed to the steel arch support 4, the following approach is proposed:

[0031] The mounting assembly includes a flexible metal clamp plate 6. One end of the flexible metal clamp plate 6 is fixed to the end of the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1. A second splicing groove 602 is formed on the outer ring surface of one end of the flexible metal clamp plate 6, and a first splicing groove 601 is formed on the inner ring surface of the other end of the flexible metal clamp plate 6. The first splicing groove 601 and the second splicing groove 602 are matched, and the two ends of the flexible metal clamp plate 6 are staggered by the first splicing groove 601 and the second splicing groove 602. A positioning screw hole 604 is formed on the surface of the second splicing groove 602. A hand-tightening screw 605 is screwed to the other end of the flexible metal clamp plate 6. The screw rod 605 passes through the other end of the elastic metal hoop 6 and is screwed into the positioning screw hole 604; the positioning screw hole 604 is provided in two sets, and the two sets of positioning screw holes 604 are arranged vertically, with multiple positioning screw holes 604 in each set. The multiple positioning screw holes 604 are arranged at equal distances and of equal size along the arc surface of the splicing groove 602; the elastic metal hoop 6 is an arc strip, and multiple rubber gaskets 603 are fixed on the inner ring surface of the elastic metal hoop 6. After the two ends of the elastic metal hoop 6 are spliced, the rubber gaskets 603 are clamped between the elastic metal hoop 6 and the steel arch support 4.

[0032] First, the elastic metal hoop 6 at the bottom of the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 is fastened to the steel arch support 4. After being spliced ​​together by the misalignment of splicing groove 1 601 and splicing groove 2 602, the hand screw 605 is inserted into the corresponding positioning screw hole 604. At this time, the elastic metal hoop 6 is tightly fastened to the steel arch support 4, and the rubber gasket 603 is clamped between the elastic metal hoop 6 and the steel arch support 4 to increase the friction between the elastic metal hoop 6 and the steel arch support 4. Then, the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 is spirally wound around the steel arch support 4. Then, the elastic metal hoop 6 at the top of the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 is also fixed to the steel arch support 4, thus completing the deployment of the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 on the steel arch support 4.

[0033] The surface of the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 is provided with a local slip compensation structure. Under the expected maximum slip of the steel arch support 4, the folds of the local slip compensation structure can be stretched to near flatness without being straightened and locked, while still retaining elastic margin. The local slip compensation structure includes a flexible folded band 101, which has multiple segments. The multiple segments of the flexible folded band 101 are arranged at equal intervals and of equal size along the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1. The surface of the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 is provided with elastic buffer units. The elastic buffer units deform when the local slip compensation structure is stretched, and the elastic buffer units are elastic. The elastic buffer unit rebounds and pulls the local slippage compensation structure to reset; the elastic buffer unit includes a high-elasticity rubber band 3, which covers the flexible pleated belt 101, and the two ends of the high-elasticity rubber band 3 are respectively fixed to the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 on both sides of the flexible pleated belt 101. After the flexible pleated belt 101 is stretched, the high-elasticity rubber band 3 is stretched synchronously. After the high-elasticity rubber band 3 rebounds, it pulls the flexible pleated belt 101 to reset; the surfaces of the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1, the flexible pleated belt 101, and the high-elasticity rubber band 3 are all coated with thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0034] The adaptive process of the flexible pleated belt 101 during use is as follows:

[0035] Phase 1: Initial Installation

[0036] The flexible pleated band 101 is pre-compressed (initial length is 60% of the design value) → the elastic strap loosens and fixes to provide basic adhesion force;

[0037] Phase Two: Slip Occurrence and Buffering

[0038] The local perimeter of the steel support for the sliding start of the energy dissipation section increases → the flexible pleated belt 101 is stretched to absorb the change in length → the high elastic rubber belt 3 is stretched to provide linear restoring force → the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 maintains tight fit and continuous and effective pressure monitoring.

[0039] Phase 3: Sliding Stop / Retraction

[0040] Slippage stops or surrounding rock stress relaxes → high elastic rubber band 3 releases energy to drive flexible folded band 101 to contract → system returns to quasi-initial state to prepare for the next slippage;

[0041] The deformation of the high-elasticity rubber band 3 completely absorbs the mechanical displacement, so that the sensing lines connecting the two fixed sections are not subject to any tension or shear force, thus realizing static and reliable monitoring under dynamic large deformation.

[0042] The method for using the pressure distribution monitoring device of the energy dissipation equipment for steel supports in tunnels with large deformation surrounding rock is as follows:

[0043] Based on the external dimensions of the steel arch support 4 and the length and width dimensions of the connecting plate of the energy dissipation device 5, as well as the preset sliding stroke, a flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 is customized. The length of the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 is ensured to be sufficient to cover the monitoring area, and local sliding compensation structures, such as multiple flexible pleated strips 101, are fabricated at positions corresponding to the energy dissipation device 5. On the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1, according to the monitoring accuracy requirements, high-density pressure sensing unit array strips 2 are arranged at appropriate intervals (e.g., a 10cm×10cm grid, with the energy dissipation area densified to 5cm×5cm), with fiber optic grating pressure sensors or thin-film array pressure sensors being preferred.

[0044] Prepare an elastic metal hoop plate 6, ensuring that one end has a splicing groove 2 602 on its outer ring surface and the other end has a splicing groove 1 601 on its inner ring surface, and that splicing groove 1 601 and splicing groove 2 602 match. Positioning screw holes 604 are formed on the surface of splicing groove 2 602, with two sets of positioning screw holes 604, each set containing multiple positioning screw holes 604 arranged at equal intervals and of equal size along the arc surface. Prepare a hand-tightening screw 605 for screwing onto the other end of the elastic metal hoop plate 6 and inserting it into the positioning screw hole 604. Fix multiple rubber gaskets 603 to the inner ring surface of the elastic metal hoop plate 6 to increase friction with the steel arch support 4. Hoop the elastic metal hoop plate 6 at the bottom of the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 onto the steel arch support 4, splicing it in a staggered manner through splicing groove 1 601 and splicing groove 2 602. Tighten the hand screw 605 into the corresponding positioning screw hole 604, so that the elastic metal hoop 6 is tightly clamped onto the steel arch support 4, and the rubber gasket 603 is clamped between the elastic metal hoop 6 and the steel arch support 4 to increase friction. The flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 is spirally wound around the steel arch support 4, ensuring that the high-density pressure sensing unit array strip 2 is tightly attached to the surface of the steel arch support 4 and clamped between the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 and the steel arch support 4. During the deployment process, ensure that the flexible pleated strip 101 is kept in a pre-compressed state (initial length is 60% of the design value) and loosely fixed by elastic straps (such as the unstretched state of the high-elasticity rubber band 3) to provide basic adhesion. The elastic metal hoop 6 at the top of the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 is also fixed to the steel arch support 4 using the same bottom-fixing method, completing the deployment of the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 on the steel arch support 4.

[0045] Ensure that the flexible corrugated belt 101 can be stretched to near flatness without being straightened and locked under the expected maximum slippage of the steel arch support 4, while still retaining elastic margin. Adjust the coverage position of the high-elasticity rubber band 3 to ensure that its two ends are fixed to the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 on both sides of the flexible corrugated belt 101, so that it is stretched synchronously when the flexible corrugated belt 101 is stretched, and pulled back to its original position when it rebounds. Connect the data acquisition and processing unit to the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 via the signal bus, configure the data acquisition box and install it on the tunnel sidewall, ensuring that it is explosion-proof and waterproof. Connect the power supply and communication network, configure the monitoring center server, install and run the dedicated software to realize the functions of pressure field reconstruction and visualization, status analysis and early warning, data storage and reporting. After system initialization, the monitoring software displays the initial readings of each sensing unit, resets to zero or records them as the initial reference value. As the surrounding rock pressure acts, the steel arch support 4 begins to bear force, and the pressure distribution cloud map is displayed in real time on the software interface. When the energy dissipation device 5 reaches the activation threshold, it begins to slide. The monitoring device clearly displays the pressure value and sliding status of the energy dissipation area, enabling accurate early warning and data analysis.

[0046] Example 2, based on Example 1, takes a tunnel with large deformation surrounding rock using a "steel arch frame pressure relief and energy dissipation device" as an example to illustrate the implementation process of the present invention:

[0047] Step 1: Equipment Customization and Preparation

[0048] Measure the external dimensions of the steel arch support 4 used and the length and width dimensions of the connecting plate of the energy dissipation device 5, and the preset sliding stroke. Customize the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 according to the dimensions, ensuring that its length is sufficient, and make a sliding compensation structure (such as a wavy pleated section) at the position corresponding to the energy dissipation device 5.

[0049] According to the monitoring accuracy requirements, fiber optic grating (FBG) pressure sensing units are arranged on the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 with a grid spacing of 10cm×10cm, and the density is increased to 5cm×5cm in the surface area of ​​the energy dissipation equipment.

[0050] Step 2: On-site installation

[0051] Before or after the installation of the steel arch support 4, unfold the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 so that its inner surface (sensing surface) is tightly attached to the outer surface of the steel arch support 4. Use elastic metal hoops 6 to circumferentially bind the flexible distributed sensing baseband 1 to the steel arch support 4 at regular intervals (e.g., 50cm) along the axial direction of the steel arch. In the sliding section of the energy dissipation device 5, the binding straps pass through the reserved sliding compensation structure, keeping them moderately loose.

[0052] The signals from each baseband segment are connected in series via protective cables and ultimately connected to an explosion-proof data acquisition box installed on the tunnel sidewall. Power and communication network are then connected to start the system.

[0053] Step 3: Monitoring and Data Analysis

[0054] After system initialization, the monitoring software displays the initial readings of each sensor unit, which are then zeroed or recorded as the initial reference values. As the surrounding rock pressure acts, the steel arch support 4 begins to bear force. The software interface displays a pressure distribution cloud map in real time. Initially, the pressure may show a relatively uniform increase. When the surrounding rock deformation increases, the energy dissipation device 5 begins to slip when it reaches the activation threshold. At this time, the monitoring device can clearly display:

[0055] The pressure value in the energy dissipation region stabilizes near the threshold, verifying its "constant resistance" characteristic.

[0056] The slip compensation structure is working normally, the sensing signal remains continuous, and no disconnection has occurred.

[0057] The pressure distribution in the adjacent areas before and after the energy dissipation device 5 is dynamically adjusted, reflecting the load redistribution process.

[0058] If an abnormally high-pressure red area appears on the surface of the steel support in a non-energy dissipation area (visually displayed on the cloud map), the system will immediately issue an audible and visual alarm, indicating that a local stress concentration may occur and that it is necessary to check whether the shotcrete at that location is dense or whether there are cavities in the surrounding rock, thus achieving accurate early warning.

[0059] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A large deformation surrounding rock tunnel support steel support energy dissipation equipment pressure distribution monitoring device, comprising a flexible distributed sensing baseband (1), the flexible distributed sensing baseband (1) is bolted on the steel arch support (4), the steel arch support (4) is provided with two, the energy dissipation device (5) is fixed between the two steel arch supports (4), characterized in that: The flexible distributed sensing baseband (1) is embedded with a high-density pressure sensing unit array strip (2) on the surface of the steel arch support (4), the high-density pressure sensing unit array strip (2) is clamped between the flexible distributed sensing baseband (1) and the steel arch support (4), the high-density pressure sensing unit array strip (2) monitors the pressure distribution on the surface of the steel arch support (4) in real time, and the two ends of the flexible distributed sensing baseband (1) are provided with mounting assemblies, and the mounting assemblies fix the flexible distributed sensing baseband (1) on the steel arch support (4); ​ The surface of the flexible distributed sensing baseband (1) is provided with a local slip compensation structure, the local slip compensation structure can be stretched to be close to flat without being straightened and locked under the expected maximum slip amount of the steel arch support (4), and still has an elastic margin; The surface of the flexible distributed sensing baseband (1) is provided with an elastic buffer unit, the elastic buffer unit deforms when the local slip compensation structure is stretched, and the elastic buffer unit rebounds to pull the local slip compensation structure back to the original position.

2. The pressure distribution monitoring device for energy dissipation equipment of steel support in large deformation surrounding rock tunnel support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting assembly comprises an elastic metal hoop plate (6), one end of the elastic metal hoop plate (6) is fixed at the end of the flexible distributed sensing baseband (1), a splicing groove two (602) is formed in the outer ring surface of one end of the elastic metal hoop plate (6), a splicing groove one (601) is formed in the inner ring surface of the other end of the elastic metal hoop plate (6), the splicing groove one (601) and the splicing groove two (602) are matched, and the two ends of the elastic metal hoop plate (6) are staggered and spliced through the splicing groove one (601) and the splicing groove two (602), and a positioning screw hole (604) is formed in the surface of the splicing groove two (602).

3. The pressure distribution monitoring device for energy dissipation equipment of steel support in large deformation surrounding rock tunnel support according to claim 2, characterized in that: The positioning screw hole (604) is provided with two groups, the two groups of positioning screw holes (604) are arranged in an up-down arrangement, each group of positioning screw holes (604) is provided with a plurality of positioning screw holes (604), and the plurality of positioning screw holes (604) are arranged in an equal distance and equal size along the circular surface of the splicing groove two (602).

4. The pressure distribution monitoring device for energy dissipation equipment of steel support in large deformation surrounding rock tunnel support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic metal hoop plate (6) is in the form of an arc strip, a plurality of rubber gaskets (603) are fixed on the inner ring surface of the elastic metal hoop plate (6), and the rubber gaskets (603) are clamped between the elastic metal hoop plate (6) and the steel arch support (4) after the two ends of the elastic metal hoop plate (6) are spliced.

5. The pressure distribution monitoring device for energy dissipation equipment of steel support in large deformation surrounding rock tunnel support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the flexible distributed sensing baseband (1) is provided with an embedding groove (102), and the high-density pressure sensing unit array strip (2) is fixed in the embedding groove (102).

6. The pressure distribution monitoring device for energy dissipation equipment of steel support in large deformation surrounding rock tunnel support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The local slip compensation structure comprises a flexible pleated belt (101), and the flexible pleated belt (101) is provided with a plurality of sections, and the plurality of sections of the flexible pleated belt (101) are arranged in an equal distance and equal size along the flexible distributed sensing baseband (1).

7. The pressure distribution monitoring device for energy dissipation equipment of steel support in large deformation surrounding rock tunnel support according to claim 6, characterized in that: The elastic buffering unit comprises a high-elasticity rubber belt (3) covering the flexible pleated belt (101), and the two ends of the high-elasticity rubber belt (3) are fixed on the flexible distributed sensing base belt (1) on the two sides of the flexible pleated belt (101) respectively, after the flexible pleated belt (101) is stretched, the high-elasticity rubber belt (3) is synchronously stretched, and after the high-elasticity rubber belt (3) rebounds, the flexible pleated belt (101) is pulled back to the original position.

8. The pressure distribution monitoring device for energy dissipation equipment of steel support in large deformation surrounding rock tunnel support according to claim 7, characterized in that: The surfaces of the flexible distributed sensing base belt (1), the flexible pleated belt (101) and the high-elasticity rubber belt (3) are provided with thermoplastic polyurethane coating.

9. The pressure distribution monitoring device for energy dissipation equipment of steel support in large deformation surrounding rock tunnel support according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition and processing unit is connected with the flexible distributed sensing base belt (1) through a signal bus, acquires the pressure data of the high-density pressure sensing unit array strip (2) on the flexible distributed sensing base belt (1), and uploads the data to a monitoring center server through an industrial Ethernet or a wireless module, and the monitoring center server runs software to realize pressure field reconstruction and visualization, state analysis and early warning, data storage and reporting functions.

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