A modular drip irrigation emitter rapid testing system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of modular drip irrigation emitter rapid test system and method, belong to drip irrigation technical field.It includes emitter test module: by test piece upper cover and test piece main body seal assembly, the cylindrical surface of the test piece main body is provided with a plurality of parameters same or different for testing drip irrigation emitter energy dissipation channel, integrated with hydraulic performance test subsystem and heating sealing subsystem inside;Quick sealing module: for the heat shrinkable sleeve of the emitter test module cylindrical surface, the drip irrigation emitter energy dissipation channel can be covered and closed, and sealed flow channel space is formed;Test base module: including clamp A and clamp B, for limiting energy dissipation channel corresponding quick sealing module portion does not occur deformation;Temperature monitoring module: including several temperature sensors.The drip irrigation emitter rapid test system and method provided by the application can provide technical solutions for the original size drip irrigation emitter rapid installation and hydraulic performance test.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of drip irrigation technology, and in particular to a modular rapid testing system and method for drip irrigation emitters. Background Technology

[0002] As the core component of the drip irrigation system, the hydraulic performance of the irrigation device determines the uniformity of water and fertilizer application and the crop growth status. At present, in the early stage of irrigation device research and development, the following three methods are mainly used at home and abroad: (1) Based on the original size of the irrigation device, a three-dimensional digital model is established, and the hydraulic performance is numerically simulated using computational fluid dynamics to obtain the theoretical relationship curve between water flow q and inlet pressure H; (2) The irrigation device is scaled up proportionally, and the qH relationship curve is obtained through hydraulic performance testing. The hydraulic performance of the original size irrigation device is obtained through a simplified method; (3) The original size irrigation device is processed by injection molding and then the hydraulic performance is tested. The qH relationship of the first two methods has a relative error of more than 10% with the true value, which cannot reflect the actual working hydraulic performance of the irrigation device, and therefore cannot accurately adjust the structural parameters of the energy dissipation channel of the irrigation device; the third method has a long research and development cycle (>1 year) and high cost (>300,000 yuan), and is not suitable as a test and optimization method in the early stage of irrigation device research and development.

[0003] Chinese patent CN116256187A discloses a testing device and method for drip irrigation emitters. It uses multiple spring adjustment mechanisms to seal the energy dissipation channel of the emitter, resulting in a complex overall structure. Achieving a sealing effect on the small-sized parts of the emitter remains theoretical. Chinese patents CN112205282B and CN114402967A disclose drip irrigation variable displacement emitters and testing systems, using cylindrical elastomers for sealing via a socket-type installation. This patent requires high manufacturing precision for the elastomer. If the inner diameter of the elastomer is larger than the outer diameter of the emitter, it can easily lead to poor sealing and leakage; if the inner diameter is smaller, the elastomer can easily embed itself into the energy dissipation channel, causing the water flow cross-sectional area to be smaller than the design value. Therefore, although improvements have been made to the equipment in the early stages of emitter development, they still cannot fully meet industry needs. Therefore, providing a modular rapid testing system and method for drip irrigation emitters, for conducting hydraulic performance testing and performance optimization of drip irrigation emitters in the early stages of research and development, is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a modular rapid testing system and method for drip irrigation emitters. The modular design allows for hydraulic performance testing and performance optimization of drip irrigation emitters during the early stages of research and development.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] One aspect is a modular rapid testing system for drip irrigation emitters, the system comprising:

[0007] Irrigator testing module: Cylindrical structure, consisting of a test piece cover and a test piece body sealed assembly. The cylindrical surface of the test piece body is provided with multiple energy dissipation channels for testing drip irrigation emitters with the same or different parameters. Internally, it integrates a hydraulic performance testing subsystem and a heating and sealing subsystem.

[0008] Quick-sealing module: This is a heat-shrinkable sleeve that is fitted onto the cylindrical surface of the irrigation emitter test module. It shrinks under heat and tightly wraps around the cylindrical outer surface of the irrigation emitter test module, covering and sealing the energy dissipation channel of the drip irrigation emitter to form a sealed channel space.

[0009] Furthermore, the hydraulic performance testing subsystem includes: an inlet water distribution channel from the water inlet of the test piece cover to the test piece body via an inlet channel, and a water distribution channel through the energy dissipation channel inlet of the water emitter, for distributing and delivering water flow to each water emitter energy dissipation channel; the heating and sealing subsystem includes multiple heating pipes from the heating port of the test piece cover to the bottom of the test piece body via a heat distribution channel.

[0010] Furthermore, the test piece's upper cover is provided with a water inlet channel and an annular columnar heat distribution channel surrounding the water inlet channel.

[0011] Furthermore, the system is also provided with a temperature monitoring module, including a temperature sensor mounting hole on the test piece body (120) and a temperature sensor installed therein.

[0012] Furthermore, the system also includes a test base module, which includes clamp A and clamp B, which are connected by fastening bolts and together form a cavity for accommodating and fixing the water dispenser test module and the sealed heat shrink tubing assembly.

[0013] Furthermore, multiple heating pipes, water inlet channels, and temperature sensor mounting holes are provided, each evenly distributed inside the main body of the test piece, and arranged in an alternating pattern.

[0014] Furthermore, the heating port of the heat distribution channel is L-shaped and has a lateral opening.

[0015] Furthermore, the inner wall of the test piece cover is provided with internal threads, the test piece body is provided with matching external threads, a sealing gasket is designed at the bottom of the internal threads, and a sealing ring is provided between the water inlet channel and the heat distribution channel.

[0016] Furthermore, the connection between the water inlet and the heating port and the external test tube is a combination structure of a cone and a cylinder.

[0017] On the other hand, there is a method for testing drip irrigation emitters, which uses the aforementioned modular rapid testing system for drip irrigation emitters, employing a hydraulic performance testing platform and a heating platform. The method is characterized by the following steps:

[0018] S1, Assemble the drip irrigation emitter rapid testing system, including: assembling the emitter testing module, and putting the heat shrink tubing over it, installing it onto the heating platform, connecting the heating port to the heating pipe, heating the heating sealing system to cause the heat shrink tubing to shrink under heat, tightly wrapping the emitter testing module to form a seal, and installing the sealed assembly into the test base module and fixing it.

[0019] S2, Install the test tube on the test platform;

[0020] S3. Install the assembled drip irrigation emitter rapid testing system onto the test tube to perform hydraulic performance testing, including:

[0021] Start the water pump, open the gate valve, and adjust the pressure regulating valve to stabilize the pressure gauge at the pressure value to be measured (0.01-0.20 MPa). Use a flow meter to test the outflow rate of the water dispenser test piece at different pressures.

[0022] Based on the water flow rate obtained under different pressures from the test, compare it with the flow rate specifications designed for the water emitter, plot the flow rate versus pressure curve (qH curve), and calculate the flow coefficient and flow regime index.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The modular rapid testing system for drip irrigation emitters comprises four modules, forming three subsystems. The hydraulic performance testing subsystem obtains the hydraulic performance of the energy dissipation channel of the drip irrigation emitter under test. The heating and sealing subsystem provides the temperature conditions for the rapid sealing module to enclose the emitter test module. The temperature monitoring subsystem determines the appropriate operating parameters for the heating and sealing system. The four modules are compact, rationally designed, highly adaptable, easy to install and use, provide uniform heating, and offer good sealing performance. The three subsystems are functionally coordinated and mutually supportive, resulting in high testing efficiency and measurement accuracy. This provides a high-quality technical solution for rapid installation and hydraulic performance testing of full-size drip irrigation emitters, shortening the initial development cycle of the emitter, reducing development costs, and improving testing accuracy.

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the rapid testing system for drip irrigation emitters of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the right rear view of the rapid testing system for drip irrigation emitters of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly structure of the rapid testing system for drip irrigation emitters of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a 3D schematic diagram of the watering device test module structure;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the water dispenser test module and the quick-sealing module;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the assembly of the water-filling device test module and the quick-sealing module.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a top view of the assembly structure of the water-filling device test module and the quick-sealing module.

[0032] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the AA direction;

[0033] Figure 9 yes Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the BB direction;

[0034] Figure 10 yes Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the CC direction;

[0035] Figure 11 yes Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the DD direction.

[0036] In the picture:

[0037] 100 water dispenser test module,

[0038] 110 Test piece cover, 111 Water inlet, 112 Water inlet channel, 113 Heating port, 114 Heat inlet channel, 115 Heat distribution channel.

[0039] 120 Test piece body, 121 Water inlet channel, 122 Energy dissipation inlet, 123 Energy dissipation channel of the water dispenser, 124 Energy dissipation outlet, 125 Water outlet, 126 Heating pipe, 127 Sealing ring, 128 Sealing gasket.

[0040] 210 Sealed Heat Shrink Tubing

[0041] 310 clamp A, 320 clamp B, 330 fastening bolt,

[0042] 410 temperature sensor, 420 temperature sensor mounting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0043] One embodiment of the present invention is a modular rapid testing system for drip irrigation emitters, such as... Figures 1 to 9 As shown. The system includes: a water dispenser testing module 100 and a quick-sealing module.

[0044] The irrigation emitter test module 100 has a cylindrical structure and is assembled by sealing the test piece cover 110 and the test piece body 120. The cylindrical surface of the test piece body 120 is provided with multiple drip irrigation emitter energy dissipation channels 123 with the same or different parameters for testing. The module integrates a hydraulic performance testing subsystem and a heating and sealing subsystem.

[0045] The hydraulic performance testing subsystem can obtain the hydraulic performance of the energy dissipation channels of the drip irrigation emitter under test, including: water inlet 111 of the test piece cover 110 leading to the water inlet and water distribution channel 121 of the test piece body 120 via the water inlet channel 112, and water distribution and delivery to each energy dissipation channel 123 via the inlet of the emitter's energy dissipation channel 123. For example... Figure 9 As shown, the test water flows sequentially through inlet 111, inlet channel 112, inlet water diversion channel 121, energy dissipation channel inlet 122, water dispenser energy dissipation channel 123, energy dissipation channel outlet 124, and finally flows out from outlet 125.

[0046] Multiple energy dissipation channels 123 of the drip irrigation emitter are arranged on the cylindrical surface of the test piece body 120. A groove is formed by the inward indentation of the cylindrical surface. One end of the groove is connected to the water inlet channel 121 via the energy dissipation channel inlet 122, and the other end is connected to the water outlet 125 via the energy dissipation channel outlet 124. The energy dissipation channels 123 of this invention are designed on the surface of the test piece body 120, similar to carving on a cylindrical surface. The energy dissipation channel inlet 122 is connected to the water distribution channel 121. The heating and sealing subsystem provides temperature conditions for the rapid sealing module to enclose the irrigation emitter test module, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the test piece includes: a heating port 113 on the top cover 110, followed by a heat distribution channel 115 and multiple heating pipes 126 leading to the bottom of the test piece body 120, for transferring heat to the quick-sealing module through the water filling test module 100, so that the sealing heat shrink sleeve 210 shrinks upon heating. The heat distribution channel 115 is perpendicularly connected to the top inlet of the multiple circumferentially evenly distributed heating pipes 126, for uniformly distributing the hot fluid to each of the heating pipes 126.

[0047] During testing, the heating port 113 is connected to an external heat source. When heating the water dispenser test module 100, hot air or hot water sequentially enters the structure, thereby achieving uniform heating of the entire water dispenser test module 100. This ensures that the temperature reaches the optimal shrinkage effect of the heat-shrinkable sleeve 210 installed on the water dispenser test module 100, achieving a seal. Taking PE material heat-shrinkable sleeve as an example, the temperature needs to reach 125℃, and the heating time needs to be 3 minutes. In addition to using the above-mentioned heating and sealing subsystem, if there is no supply of hot air or hot water, an oven can be used for overall heating, or a hot air gun can be used to heat the heat-shrinkable sleeve 210 installed on the water dispenser test module 100.

[0048] The test piece cover 110 includes a water inlet 111, a water inlet channel 112, a heating port 113, and a heat distribution channel 115. The test piece body 120 includes a water inlet channel 121, an energy dissipation channel water inlet 122, a water dispenser energy dissipation channel 123, an energy dissipation channel water outlet 124, a water outlet 125, a heating pipe 126, a sealing ring 127, and a sealing gasket 128.

[0049] The test piece cover 110 has a water inlet channel 112 and an annular cylindrical heat distribution channel 115 surrounding the water inlet channel 112. The water inlet 111 is designed with a combination of a cone and a cylinder. During testing, the cone part can be directly inserted into the external water supply test pipe, which is convenient to connect and will not leak after installation. The heat distribution channel 115 is designed with an annular cylindrical shape, surrounding the water inlet channel 112. It has an opening at the top that connects to the heating port 113, and multiple outlets at the bottom that can communicate with multiple heating pipes 126. The heating port 113 is designed with a combination of a cone and an L-shaped cylinder. During testing, the cone part can be directly inserted into the external heating platform pipe, which is convenient to connect and has good sealing performance.

[0050] The inner wall of the test piece cover 110 is provided with internal threads, and the test piece body 120 is provided with matching external threads. A sealing gasket 128 is disposed at the bottom end of the internal thread of the test piece cover 110 to isolate the heat distribution channel from the outside and prevent heat loss during heating. A sealing ring 127 is disposed between the water inlet channel 112 and the heat distribution channel 115. Figure 8-9 As shown, it is mainly used to isolate the water inlet channel 112 and the heat distribution channel 115, and is sealed by rotating the thread.

[0051] The quick-sealing module is a heat-shrinkable sleeve 210 fitted onto the cylindrical surface of the irrigation emitter test module 100. It shrinks under heat to tightly wrap around the cylindrical outer surface of the irrigation emitter test module 100, covering and sealing the energy dissipation channel 123 of the drip irrigation emitter, thereby forming a sealed channel space. Simultaneously, the sealing heat-shrinkable sleeve 210 protects the irrigation emitter test module 100, possessing pressure and wear resistance properties to meet the requirements during testing. Its material can be polyethylene.

[0052] Preferably, one embodiment of the present invention further includes a temperature monitoring module. The temperature monitoring module includes a plurality of temperature sensor mounting holes 420 disposed on the test piece body 120 and temperature sensors 410 installed therein, forming a monitoring subsystem. The temperature monitoring subsystem monitors the temperature of the irrigation device test piece in real time through the temperature sensors, thereby monitoring and transmitting temperature data from the irrigation device test module 100 in real time to determine whether the heating is uniform and sufficient. The monitored temperature serves as the basis for judging the shrinkage standard of the heat shrink tubing, thereby ensuring that the heat shrink tubing reaches the optimal shrinkage state.

[0053] The temperature sensor mounting holes 420 are located near the center of the cylinder and are evenly and symmetrically arranged around the center of the test piece body, opening inward from the bottom of the water-filling test piece 100. The heating pipes 126 are evenly and symmetrically arranged around the temperature sensor mounting holes 420, and their positions are staggered with those of the temperature sensor mounting holes 420. The above structure forms a temperature monitoring subsystem, used to monitor the operating parameters of the heating system, such as the start heating time, stop heating time, and heating temperature, to determine suitable operating parameters for the heating and sealing subsystem, and to guide the operation of the sealing heating system.

[0054] Preferably, one embodiment of the present invention further includes a test base module, the test base module including clamp A 310 and clamp B 320, which are connected by fastening bolts 330 and together form a cavity for accommodating and fixing the water dispenser test module 100 and the sealed heat shrink tubing 210 assembly.

[0055] Based on the four modules designed in this invention, the assembly method of the system of this invention is as follows:

[0056] First, install the water-generating device test module 100. Place the sealing ring 127 in the middle of the test piece cover 110 and the test piece body 120. Place the sealing gasket 128 at the bottom of the internal thread of the test piece cover 110. The inner wall of the test piece cover 110 has an internal thread, and the test piece body 120 has an external thread. The test piece cover 110 and the test piece body 120 are connected and sealed through the engagement of the internal and external threads. Then, tighten the test piece cover 110 and the test piece body 120 together. The threads cause the test piece cover 110 and the test piece body 120 to press the sealing gasket 128, achieving a tight connection and seal.

[0057] Next, install the quick-sealing module 200, and install the sealing heat-shrink tubing 210 on the water emitter test module 100, heat-sealing it so that it completely covers the water emitter energy dissipation channel 123 on the surface of the water emitter test module 100. After the quick-sealing module is installed, place the water emitter test module 100 in the chamber between the test base module clamp A 310 and clamp B 320.

[0058] Next, install the test base module 300, and combine and install fixture A 310 and fixture B 320 using fastening bolts 330.

[0059] Finally, install the temperature monitoring module 400 and install the temperature sensor 410 in the temperature sensor mounting hole 420 on the bottom surface of the water dispenser test piece 100.

[0060] Based on the aforementioned modular rapid testing system for drip irrigation emitters, this invention provides a testing method for drip irrigation emitters. Under existing hydraulic performance testing platforms and heating platform devices, it can seamlessly interface with existing hydraulic performance testing platforms. The existing hydraulic performance testing platform includes a water tank, a water pump, a pressure gauge, a gate valve, a pressure regulating valve, and a flow meter. The heating platform includes a heating pump, heating pipes, a heating gate valve, etc. The method includes the following steps:

[0061] S1. Assemble the drip irrigation emitter rapid testing system according to the above assembly method, including: assembling the emitter testing module, and putting the heat shrink tubing on its outside, installing it on the heating platform, connecting the heating port to the heating pipe, heating the heating sealing system to make the heat shrink tubing shrink under heat, tightly wrapping the emitter testing module to form a seal, and installing the sealed assembly in the test base module and fixing it.

[0062] S2, Install the test tube on the test platform.

[0063] S3, Install the assembled drip irrigation emitter rapid testing system onto the test tube and conduct hydraulic performance tests, including:

[0064] Start the water pump, open the gate valve, and adjust the pressure regulating valve to stabilize the pressure gauge at the test pressure value of 0.01-0.20 MPa. Use a flow meter to test the water flow rate at different pressures at the outlet of the water emitter test piece; and

[0065] Based on the water flow rate obtained from the above tests under different pressures, compare it with the flow rate specifications designed for the water emitter, plot the flow rate versus pressure curve (qH curve), and calculate the flow coefficient, flow regime index, etc.

[0066] The above provides a detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the modular drip irrigation emitter rapid testing system and method of the present invention.

[0067] my country boasts the world's largest application of drip irrigation technology. Drip irrigation emitters are the core component of this technology. To address the needs of diverse production conditions (water source quality, crop type, management methods, etc.), drip irrigation equipment manufacturers have recently begun developing various types of emitters. In the initial stages of development, it is necessary to test the hydraulic performance and anti-clogging capabilities of the emitters to support product structure optimization and parameter finalization. Traditional R&D relies on molds for verification, which is time-consuming, requiring six months to a year, and is costly, typically exceeding 200,000 yuan. The test piece cover 110 and the test piece body 120 of this invention's emitter testing device can be manufactured using a one-piece molding process. The emitter testing device designed by this invention has a shorter processing time, requiring only one month, is convenient to test, and costs only 10,000-20,000 yuan, a reduction of 10-20 times.

[0068] This invention provides a modular rapid testing system and method for drip irrigation emitters. The system comprises four modules forming three subsystems: hydraulic performance testing, heating and sealing, and temperature monitoring. The hydraulic performance testing subsystem obtains the hydraulic performance of the energy dissipation channel of the drip irrigation emitter under test. The heating and sealing subsystem uses a heat-shrink tubing as a sealant to provide the necessary temperature conditions for the rapid sealing module to enclose the emitter test module. The temperature monitoring subsystem determines suitable operating parameters for the heating and sealing system to ensure seal quality. These four modules and three subsystems function in a coordinated and mutually supportive manner. This invention provides a rapid installation and hydraulic performance testing solution for full-size drip irrigation emitters.

[0069] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention (such as changes in the name or quantity of categories, the order of steps, etc.) without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular rapid testing system for drip irrigation emitters, characterized in that, The system includes: Irrigator test module (100): Cylindrical structure, consisting of a test piece cover (110) and a test piece body (120) assembled in a sealed manner. The test piece cover (110) is provided with a water inlet channel (112) and an annular columnar heat distribution channel (115) surrounding the water inlet channel (112). The cylindrical surface of the test piece body (120) is provided with multiple energy dissipation channels (123) for testing drip irrigation emitters with the same or different parameters. The internal components include a hydraulic performance testing subsystem and a heating and sealing subsystem. The heating and sealing subsystem includes multiple heating pipes (126) leading from the heating port (113) of the test piece cover (110) through the heat distribution channel (115) to the bottom of the test piece body (120). Quick-sealing module: a heat-shrinkable sleeve (210) fitted onto the cylindrical surface of the irrigation test module (100), which shrinks tightly around the cylindrical outer surface of the irrigation test module (100) by heat and covers and seals the energy dissipation channel (123) of the drip irrigation irrigation device, forming a sealed channel space.

2. The modular drip irrigation emitter rapid testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic performance testing subsystem includes: a water inlet channel (121) from the water inlet (111) of the test piece cover (110) through the water inlet channel (112) to the test piece body (120), and through the inlet of the water emitter energy dissipation channel (123), for distributing and delivering water flow to each water emitter energy dissipation channel (123).

3. The modular drip irrigation emitter rapid testing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The system is also provided with a temperature monitoring module, including a temperature sensor mounting hole (420) on the test piece body (120) and a temperature sensor (410) installed therein.

4. The modular drip irrigation emitter rapid testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes a test base module, which includes clamp A (310) and clamp B (320), which are connected by fastening bolts (330) and together form a cavity for accommodating and fixing the water dispenser test module (100) and the sealed heat shrink tubing (210) assembly.

5. The modular drip irrigation emitter rapid testing system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Multiple heating pipes (126), water inlet channels (121), and temperature sensor mounting holes (420) are provided, and they are evenly distributed inside the test piece body (120) and arranged in an alternating pattern.

6. The modular drip irrigation emitter rapid testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating port (113) is L-shaped and has a side opening.

7. The modular drip irrigation emitter rapid testing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the test piece cover is provided with an internal thread, the test piece body is provided with a matching external thread, a sealing gasket (128) is designed and installed inside, and a sealing ring (127) is provided between the water inlet channel (112) and the heat distribution channel (115).

8. The modular drip irrigation emitter rapid testing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connection between the water inlet (111) and the heating port (113) and the external test tube is a combination structure of cone and cylinder.

9. A method for testing drip irrigation emitters, based on the modular rapid testing system for drip irrigation emitters as described in any one of claims 1-8, using a hydraulic performance testing platform and a heating platform, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Assemble the drip irrigation emitter rapid testing system, including: assembling the emitter testing module, and putting the heat shrink tubing on its outside, installing it on the heating platform, connecting the heating port to the heating pipe, heating the heating sealing system, causing the heat shrink tubing to shrink under heat, tightly wrapping the emitter testing module to form a seal, and installing the sealed assembly in the test base module and fixing it. S2, Install the test tube on the test platform; S3. Install the assembled drip irrigation emitter rapid testing system onto the test tube to perform hydraulic performance testing, including: Start the water pump, open the gate valve, and adjust the pressure regulating valve to stabilize the pressure gauge at the pressure value to be measured (0.01-0.20 MPa). Use a flow meter to test the water flow rate at different pressures at the outlet of the water emitter test piece. Based on the water flow rate obtained under different pressures from the test, compare it with the flow rate specifications designed for the water emitter, plot the flow rate versus pressure curve qH, and calculate the flow coefficient and flow regime index.

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