Multifunctional horizontal wallboard composite loading test device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional horizontal wallboard composite loading test device and method, and belongs to the technical field of airplane structural strength tests. The device adopts a horizontal layout, and comprises a test piece assembly, a tension / compression loading assembly, a base and an independent shear loading assembly. A test piece is flatly placed on the base, the upper and lower ends of the test piece are connected with the tension / compression loading assembly, and the left and right sides are connected with the shear loading assembly through a curved lever mechanism. Through coordination control of the independent tension-compression actuating cylinder and the shearing actuating cylinder, independent loading of tension, compression and shearing and combined loading of tension shearing and compression shearing in any proportion can be realized. The device overcomes the defects that an existing vertical device is single in function, a test piece is shielded, cost is high and replacement is inconvenient, and has the advantages of being comprehensive in function, free of observation shielding, low in cost and high in universality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aircraft structural strength testing technology, and specifically relates to a multifunctional horizontal wall panel composite loading test device and method. Background Technology

[0002] In the modular verification system of aircraft structures, panel-level testing is a crucial component. As the main load-bearing components, stiffened panels are often subjected to complex stress states of tension, compression, and shear in actual service. Currently, testing techniques for applying tension, compression, or shear individually are relatively mature, but simultaneously achieving combined loading of tension / shear (tension-shear) or compression / shear (compression-shear) remains very difficult.

[0003] Existing compression-shear composite loading devices, such as the "Compression-Shear Test Device for a Flat Wall Panel" disclosed in Chinese Patent CN111595699A, employ a vertical structure and achieve compression-shear composite loading through complex columns, beams, and anti-instability components. While this device achieves independent application and proportional adjustment of compression and shear loads, it suffers from the following significant shortcomings: 1. Limited functionality: This device is a vertical compression and shear device, which cannot apply tensile loads, thus limiting its testing capabilities.

[0004] 2. Difficulty in observation: The vertical structure and its necessary guide columns, balance platform and other components severely obstruct the test specimen, making it impossible to use optical measurement methods to observe the deformation of the test specimen across the entire field.

[0005] 3. High cost and inconvenient replacement: The complex structure results in high manufacturing and maintenance costs. The vertical layout makes the hoisting, positioning, and replacement of test specimens extremely inconvenient, leading to low testing efficiency.

[0006] 4. Poor versatility: The workload of adapting and adjusting for test pieces of different sizes and types is large.

[0007] Therefore, there is a need in the field for a testing device that can simultaneously apply tensile, compressive, and shear loads, and that is easy to observe, low in cost, and highly versatile. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a multifunctional horizontal wall panel composite loading test device and method. This device can apply tensile, compressive and shear loads individually or in combination, and has the advantages of unobstructed test specimens, low cost, convenient replacement and strong versatility.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: On one hand, the present invention provides a multifunctional horizontal wall panel composite loading test device, comprising: Base; The test specimen assembly includes a test specimen, a tension / compression angle box connected to the upper and lower ends of the test specimen, and a side loading connection assembly connected to the left and right sides of the test specimen. A tension / compression loading assembly, mounted on the base and connected to the tension / compression angle boxes at both ends of the test specimen assembly, is used to apply tensile or compressive loads to the test specimen; and The shear loading assembly includes a shear frame independently mounted on the base, a shear actuator cylinder mounted on the shear frame, and a curved lever connecting the shear actuator cylinder and the side loading connection assembly. The tension / compression loading assembly includes at least one tension / compression actuator for providing the driving force for tension or compression loads. The test specimen is arranged horizontally with its plate surface parallel to the upper surface of the base; the tensile / compression loading assembly and the shear loading assembly are independent of each other and can work together to apply a combined tensile-shear or compressive-shear load to the test specimen.

[0010] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a multifunctional horizontal wall panel composite loading test method, which is implemented using the above-mentioned test device and includes the following steps: The test piece (101) is installed in the test device in a horizontal position, with its upper and lower ends connected to the tensile / compression loading assembly (2) and its left and right sides connected to the shear loading assembly (4). Then perform any of the following sub-steps: Pure tensile and compressive loading: Start the tension-compression actuator (201) to extend or retract the piston rod of the tension-compression actuator, while controlling the shear actuator (402) to be in a pressure-holding state or a free-following state, thereby applying pure tensile or pure compressive load to the test piece (101); Pure shear loading: The shear actuator (402) is activated, causing the piston rod of the shear actuator to extend or retract. The actuation force is converted into a vertical shear force via the lever (401) and applied to the side of the test piece (101). At the same time, the loading end assembly of the tension / compression loading assembly (2) generates adaptive floating through the second guide rail-slider mechanism, thereby applying a pure shear load to the test piece (101). Composite load loading steps: By coordinating the loading control system, synchronous control commands are sent to the tension-compression actuator (201) and the shear actuator (402) so that the tension-compression actuator (201) and the shear actuator (402) operate simultaneously according to a predetermined load ratio or displacement ratio, thereby applying a tension-shear or compression-shear composite load to the test piece (101).

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention, through independent tensile, compressive, and shear loading systems, enables individual loading of tension, compression, and shear, as well as arbitrary ratios of combined tensile-shear and compressive-shear loading, greatly expanding testing capabilities. The horizontal arrangement of the test specimen fully exposes it from above and all sides, providing observation conditions for optical measurement equipment and facilitating the observation of the specimen's response using optical measurement methods.

[0012] This invention eliminates the expensive guide columns, tall reaction walls, and complex balancing platforms found in vertical devices, simplifying the structure and significantly reducing manufacturing costs. The horizontal layout facilitates the hoisting and replacement of test specimens, improving testing efficiency. Furthermore, the elongated holes on the transition beam allow for convenient adjustment of the pressure core, and the guide rail-slider mechanism enables adaptive adjustment of the loading end, accommodating test specimens of different sizes. Tensile / compression and shear loads are transmitted through independent structural paths, minimizing interference and ensuring high load control precision. The hinged rods inside the shear frame not only enhance rigidity but also ensure visibility within the frame, facilitating observation and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multifunctional horizontal wall panel composite loading test device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test piece assembly in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tension / compression loading component in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the base structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the shear loading component in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the curved lever structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the shearing frame in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0016] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of this application. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. This application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of this application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0017] On one hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a multifunctional horizontal wall panel composite loading test device.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, the composite loading test device described in this embodiment of the invention mainly consists of four parts: test piece assembly 1, tensile / compression loading assembly 2, base 3, and shear loading assembly 4. The entire device is composed of metal structures such as low-carbon alloy steel and carbon steel, and is used to bear and apply tensile, compressive, and shear loads to the flat stiffened wall panel.

[0019] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the test piece assembly 1 includes a test piece 101, a tension / compression angle box 102 connected to the upper and lower ends of the test piece 101, and a side loading connection assembly connected to the left and right sides of the test piece 101. The test specimen 101 is a flat, stiffened wall panel to be tested, placed flat in the test apparatus, i.e., the surface of the test specimen 101 is parallel to the upper surface of the base 3 and arranged horizontally. The upper and lower ends of the test specimen 101 are connected to the tension / compression angle box 102 by bolts, and the left and right sides are connected to the shear loading assembly 4 by the side loading connection assembly. The side loading connection assembly includes multiple conventional pull plates 103 and multiple reversing pull plates 104. The conventional pull plate 103 has two connecting holes with parallel axes. The conventional pull plate 103 is connected to the side reinforcing edge of the test specimen 101 through the connecting holes. The reversing pull plate 104 is used to connect the conventional pull plate 103 and the shear loading assembly 4. The reversing pull plate 104 and the conventional pull plate 103 together transfer the load of the shear loading assembly 4 to the shear load of the test specimen 101. The tension / compression angle box 102 is used to transfer the axial load, while the side loading connection assembly is used to introduce the shear load into the test specimen.

[0020] like Figure 3As shown, the tension / compression loading assembly 2 includes a support end assembly and a loading end assembly. The support end assembly includes a support column 204 fixed to the base 3 and a support beam 203 mounted on the support column 204; the support column 204 is a cavity structure used to support the support beam 203 to a certain height, facilitating the installation of other loading devices. The loading end assembly includes a loading crossbeam 210, a loading column 209, a loading bottom beam 207, and a guide rail-slider mechanism. The guide rail-slider mechanism includes a first guide rail-slider mechanism 206 and a second guide rail-slider mechanism 208. The second guide rail-slider mechanism 208 connects the loading column 209 and the loading bottom beam 207. The loading bottom beam 207 is connected to a guide rail beam 205 fixed on the base 3 via the first guide rail-slider mechanism 206. The loading bottom beam 207 is a beam structure; its upper part is connected to the loading column 209 via four sets of second guide rail-slider mechanisms 208, and its lower part is connected to the guide rail beam 205 via two sets of first guide rail-slider mechanisms 206. The first guide rail-slider mechanism 206 and the second guide rail-slider mechanism 208 form a floating connection, enabling the loading end assembly to adapt to combined deformations of tension, compression, and shear. The loading crossbeam 210 is mounted on the loading column 209, which supports the loading crossbeam 210 to a certain height.

[0021] The tensile / compression loading assembly 2 also includes a transition beam 202, one end of which is connected to the tensile / compression corner box 102, and the other end is connected to the support end assembly or the loading end assembly. The support beam 203 and the loading beam 210 are designed as conventional I-beam cross-section beams to withstand bending moments and are reinforced to withstand the load transmitted from the transition beam 202. The transition beam 202 is an I-beam cross-section beam with reinforcement. In this embodiment of the invention, two transition beams 202 are provided, which are fixed on the support beam 203 and the loading beam 210 respectively, for connecting the test piece assembly 1 to the support beam 203 and the loading beam 210. Therefore, the support end assembly is connected to the tensile / compression corner box 102 at one end of the test piece 101 through the transition beam on the support beam 203, and the transition beam on the loading beam 210 of the loading end assembly is connected to the tensile / compression corner box 102 at the other end of the test piece 101. The transition beam 202 has multiple elongated holes extending along the width of the test specimen 101 for connection to the tension / compression angle box 102. By connecting the tension / compression angle box 102 to the elongated holes at different positions, the pressure core can be adjusted. This design allows the same testing device to be adapted to test specimens with different widths and load distribution requirements, significantly improving the versatility of the testing device and the accuracy of test simulation.

[0022] The tension / compression loading assembly 2 includes at least one tension / compression actuating cylinder 201 for providing the driving force for tension or compression loads. The tension / compression actuating cylinder 201 is connected between the support end assembly and the loading end assembly. The root of the tension / compression actuating cylinder 201 is connected to the support end assembly, and one end of the piston rod is connected to the loading end assembly. Specifically, in this embodiment of the invention, there are two tension / compression actuating cylinders 201, symmetrically distributed on both sides of the test piece 101. The roots of the two tension / compression actuating cylinders 201 are hinged to the support crossbeam 203, and one end of the piston rod is hinged to the loading crossbeam 210 of the loading end assembly. When the tension / compression actuating cylinder 201 is activated, the piston rod of the tension / compression actuating cylinder extends or retracts, thereby driving the entire loading end assembly to move along the tension or compression direction of the test piece, realizing the tension or compression loading of the test piece. At this time, the loading end assembly is driven to move by the first guide rail-slider mechanism 206, and the sliding direction of the first guide rail-slider mechanism 206 is parallel to the tension or compression direction of the test piece 101. The layout of the double-sided tension-compression actuator effectively avoids the eccentric moment that may be caused by single-point loading, ensuring that the load is applied uniformly along the axis of the test piece.

[0023] like Figure 4 As shown, the base 3 is a robust welded or bolted steel plate section structure. Its lower surface contacts the ground, while its upper surface is machined with a dense array of bolt holes for securing the support columns 204 and guide beams 205 of the tension / compression loading assembly 2. It also contacts but is not connected to the shear loading assembly 4, serving as the foundation platform for the entire testing apparatus. This modular design facilitates processing, transportation, and on-site assembly, while the bolt hole array on the upper surface provides great flexibility for the positioning and fixing of each component.

[0024] like Figure 5-7 As shown, the shear loading assembly 4 includes a shear frame 403 independently mounted on the base 3, a shear actuator cylinder 402 mounted on the shear frame 403, and a curved lever 401 connected between the shear actuator cylinder 402 and the side loading connection assembly, for applying a pure shear load to the test piece assembly 1.

[0025] Specifically, the shear frame 403, as an independent cubic frame structure, is placed directly on the upper surface of the base 3, but is not fixedly connected to the base 3. The four sides of the upper frame of the shear frame 403 are connected to the four sides of the test piece, respectively. The left and right sides of the upper frame are connected to the reinforcing sections on both sides of the test piece through curved levers and side loading connection components. The upper and lower ends of the upper frame are connected to the support end component and loading end component of the tension / compression loading component 2, respectively, so that the shear frame 403, the tension / compression loading component 2, and the test piece 101 together form a closed shear load transmission path. This independent frame design completely decouples the application of shear load from the tension and compression loads, fundamentally avoiding the problem of load interference in vertical devices, and laying the foundation for achieving high-precision composite loading.

[0026] Specifically, such as Figure 7 As shown, the shear frame 403 has a symmetrical structure. Its upper frame includes a curved lever support plate 403a, a shear beam 403b, and an end beam 403e. The upper frame is connected to the shear bottom via shear columns 403c. The shear bottom includes a shear bottom beam 403d and a T-slot beam 403f. A hinge rod 403g is hinged between the upper frame and the shear bottom, and the hinge rod 403g is arranged between the shear columns 403c on each side. In this embodiment of the invention, the number of shear beams 403b is even. For example, there are four shear beams 403b, with two arranged on each side of the upper frame of the shear frame 403. The shear beams 403b are box beam structures, located below the side of the test piece, and their length is along the side of the test piece. They are used to support the curved lever support plates 403a arranged on the left and right sides of the upper frame. The lower part of the shear beams 403b is fixedly connected to the shear bottom beam 403d via the shear columns 403c.

[0027] The shear columns 403c are square steel structures, with a total of four. Two are arranged on each side of the shear frame 403, and they are installed at the lower ends of the shear beams 403b to provide space for the installation of the shear actuator cylinder 402. One shear bottom beam 403d is set on each side of the shear frame 403 to support the entire shear frame 403. The shear bottom beams 403d are in contact with the base 3, and the left and right sides of the shear frame are positioned on either side of the test piece.

[0028] End beams 403e are installed at the upper and lower ends of the upper frame of shear frame 403, forming a square frame together with shear crossbeams 403b. Protruding connecting holes 403h are provided on end beams 403e, which are hinged to the transition beam 202 of the tension / compression loading assembly 2 via the connecting holes 403h. That is, the upper and lower ends of the upper frame of shear frame 403 are respectively hinged to the support end assembly and the loading end assembly of the tension / compression loading assembly 2, allowing the shear load to form a closed force flow. Two T-slot crossbeams 403f are fixedly installed on the left and right shear bottom beams 403d, respectively, with T-slots arranged on them for installing the shear actuator cylinder 402. The shear frame 403 has multiple inclined hinge rods 403g inside, with an even number of rods symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the shear frame 403. In this embodiment of the invention, there are 16 hinge rods 403g, 8 on each side. One end of each rod is hinged to the shear bottom beam 403d, and the other end is hinged to the shear cross beam 403b. The crisscrossing hinge rods 403g inside the shear frame greatly enhance the in-plane stiffness of the shear frame. At the same time, the hinged form avoids bearing bending moments and makes the internal space of the shear frame visible, facilitating experimental observation. This "transparent" frame design not only ensures structural strength but also allows test personnel to visually monitor or use optical equipment to monitor the operating status of key components such as levers and actuators throughout the test, improving the safety and observability of the experiment.

[0029] The root of the shear actuator 402 is mounted on the T-slot crossbeam 403f at the bottom of the shear frame 403. One end of the piston rod of the shear actuator 402 is hinged to the crank lever 401. In this embodiment of the invention, the number of shear actuators 402 is an even number, for example, 12, with 6 arranged on each side of the shear frame 403. The number can be adjusted according to the size of the test piece and is not limited here. The parallel arrangement of multiple shear actuators allows the huge shear load to be decomposed and evenly applied to the entire side of the test piece, effectively avoiding stress concentration and more realistically simulating actual working conditions.

[0030] like Figure 6As shown, the curved lever 401 is a curved lever structure. For example, the curved lever 401 is a three-hole irregular lever. The curved lever 401 is the key to force transmission. The number of curved levers 401 is the same as the number of conventional pull plates 103 and reversing pull plates 104 in the side loading connection assembly. That is, one curved lever corresponds to a set of conventional pull plates and reversing pull plates. In this embodiment of the invention, there are 12 curved levers 401, with 6 arranged on the left and right sides of the shear frame. The middle hole is hinged to the curved lever support plate 403a on the shear frame to form a fulcrum. The lower hole is hinged to the piston rod end of the shearing actuator cylinder 402. The upper hole is hinged to the reversing pull plate 104 in the side loading connection assembly. The axial direction of the shearing actuator cylinder 402 and the force application direction of the lower hole of the curved lever 401 are both parallel to the upper surface of the base 3. When the shear actuator 402 extends, it causes the piston rod of the shear actuator to extend or retract. The resulting actuation force, through the lever 401, converts the horizontal force into a vertical shear force applied to the side of the test piece. Simultaneously, the second guide rail-slider mechanism 208 causes the loading end assembly to float slightly under the shear load, avoiding structural interference. The sliding direction of the second guide rail-slider mechanism 208 is parallel to the shear direction of the test piece 101. The lever mechanism cleverly converts the horizontal movement of the shear actuator into the vertical shear force required by the test piece. Furthermore, its leverage ratio can be used to amplify or adjust the output force of the shear actuator, enhancing the system's flexibility and force control capabilities.

[0031] The shear loading component 4 is independent of the tensile / compression loading component 2. It can independently apply pure tensile, pure compressive or pure shear loads to the test specimen 101, or it can work together to apply tensile-shear or compressive-shear combined loads to the test specimen 101.

[0032] In summary, the test device described in this embodiment of the invention, through its horizontal layout, independent shearing frame, bidirectional floating guide rail, and lever force transmission design, not only has a smaller device size but also eliminates the need for expensive equipment such as guide columns and shearing balance platforms required for vertical devices, thus reducing processing costs. The test piece is unobstructed from above, allowing for direct lifting, installation, and replacement. It also facilitates convenient testing and inspection, and makes it easier to implement optical measurements, which are crucial for panel testing, greatly improving the testing level and enhancing its versatility.

[0033] On the other hand, embodiments of the present invention also provide a multifunctional horizontal wall panel composite loading test method, implemented using the aforementioned test apparatus. The composite loading test method mainly includes three stages: 1. Experiment preparation phase: First, the stiffened wall panel test specimen 101 is hoisted to the center position of the aforementioned test apparatus, and its upper and lower ends and left and right sides are fixed to the tension / compression angle box 102 and the side loading connection assembly respectively using bolts. Then, the tension / compression angle box 102 is connected to the transition beam 202 of the tension / compression loading assembly 2, and the reversing plate 104 of the side loading connection assembly is connected to the lever 401 of the shear loading assembly 4. After verifying that all connections are correct, the measurement system is established and calibrated.

[0034] 2. Pure load loading stage: When a pure tensile or pure compression test is required, the control system only issues commands to the tension / compression actuator 201. The tension / compression actuator 201 actuates, causing its piston rod to extend or retract, driving the loading end assembly to move and thus applying an axial load to the test piece. During this process, the shear actuator 402 does not actively exert force; its hydraulic circuit is controlled in a "pressure holding" mode to provide some damping, or switched to a "follow-up" mode, allowing its piston rod to freely extend and retract under the action of the crank lever, ensuring that no additional shear force is introduced to the test piece.

[0035] When a pure shear test is required, the control system only issues commands to the shear actuator 402. This causes the piston rod of the shear actuator to extend or retract, pushing or pulling the lower end of the crank lever 401. The crank lever rotates around its central fulcrum, and the actuating force generated by the shear actuator is converted into a vertical shear force via the crank lever 401. The upper end of the crank lever applies this vertical shear force to the side of the test piece 101 through the side loading connection assembly. At this time, the loading end assembly of the tension / compression loading assembly 2 generates a slight float through its second guide rail-slider mechanism 208 to accommodate the rhomboid deformation of the test piece under shear, thereby ensuring that no additional axial constraint force is applied to the test piece.

[0036] 3. Composite load loading stage: When a tensile-shear or compression-shear combined test is required, the coordinated loading control system starts working. According to the preset test requirements (such as "compression load and shear load increase in a 1:1 ratio"), the system simultaneously sends control signals to the tensile-compression actuator 201 and the shear actuator 402. The tensile-compression actuator 201 and the shear actuator 402 act simultaneously according to the control signals, which include preset load ratios or displacement ratios.

[0037] The system reads the load sensor feedback of each actuator in real time and ensures that the load or displacement applied by the two sets of actuators always maintains the preset proportional relationship through a closed-loop control algorithm.

[0038] Throughout the composite loading process, the first guide rail-slider mechanism 206 and the second guide rail-slider mechanism 208 of the loading end assembly allow it to float freely in both the axial and lateral directions, perfectly simulating the boundary conditions of the test piece in the real structure and avoiding stress concentration or unexpected failure caused by fixture constraints.

[0039] Through the aforementioned coordinated control, complex tensile-shear or compressive-shear combined stress states can be accurately reproduced on horizontally arranged test specimens.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional horizontal composite loading test device for wall panels, characterized in that, include: Base (3); The test piece assembly (1) includes a test piece (101), a tension / compression angle box (102) connected to the upper and lower ends of the test piece (101), and a side loading connection assembly connected to the left and right sides of the test piece (101). A tension / compression loading assembly (2), mounted on the base (3) and connected to the tension / compression angle boxes (102) at both ends of the test specimen assembly (1), is used to apply tensile or compressive loads to the test specimen (101); and The shear loading assembly (4) includes a shear frame (403) independently mounted on the base (3), a shear actuator cylinder (402) mounted on the shear frame (403), and a curved lever (401) connected between the shear actuator cylinder (402) and the side loading connection assembly. The tension / compression loading assembly (2) includes at least one tension / compression actuating cylinder (201) for providing the driving force for tension or compression loads; The test piece (101) is arranged horizontally with its plate surface parallel to the upper surface of the base (3); the tensile / compression loading assembly (2) and the shear loading assembly (4) are independent of each other.

2. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stretching / compression loading component (2) includes a support end component and a loading end component; The support end assembly is fixed to the base (3) and connected to the tension / compression angle box (102) at one end of the test piece (101); The loading end assembly is connected to the base (3) via a guide rail-slider mechanism and to the tension / compression angle box (102) at the other end of the test piece (101); The tension / compression actuator (201) is connected between the support end assembly and the loading end assembly.

3. The experimental apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guide rail-slider mechanism of the loading end component includes: The first guide rail-slider mechanism (206) slides in a direction parallel to the tensile or compressive direction of the test piece (101); The second guide rail-slider mechanism (208) slides in a direction parallel to the shearing direction of the test piece (101); The first guide rail-slider mechanism (206) and the second guide rail-slider mechanism (208) form a floating connection.

4. The experimental apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tension / compression loading assembly (2) also includes a transition beam (202), which has an elongated hole extending along the width direction of the test piece (101), and the tension / compression angle box (102) is connected to the elongated hole at different positions.

5. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shear frame (403) is a three-dimensional frame structure. The left and right sides of its upper frame are connected to the left and right sides of the test piece (101) through the curved lever (401) and the side loading connection assembly. The upper and lower ends of the upper frame of the shear frame (403) are respectively hinged to the support end assembly and the loading end assembly of the tension / compression loading assembly (2), so that the shear frame (403), the tension / compression loading assembly (2) and the test piece (101) together form a closed shear load transmission path.

6. The experimental apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lever (401) is a three-hole irregular lever, in which the middle hole is hinged to the shear frame (403) to form a fulcrum, the upper hole is hinged to the side loading connection assembly, and the lower hole is hinged to the piston rod end of the shearing actuator (402).

7. The test apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The shear frame (403) is provided with multiple inclined hinge rods (403g) inside, and the two ends of the hinge rods (403g) are respectively hinged to the upper frame and the bottom of the shear frame (403).

8. The test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side loading connection assembly includes a conventional pull plate (103) connected to the side of the test piece (101) and a reversing pull plate (104) connected to the crank lever (401), the reversing pull plate (104) being used to connect the conventional pull plate (103) and the crank lever (401).

9. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of tension-compression actuators (201) is two, and they are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the test piece (101); the number of shear actuators (402) is an even number, and they are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the test piece (101).

10. A multifunctional horizontal wall panel composite loading test method, implemented using the test apparatus described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The test piece (101) is installed in the test device in a horizontal position, with its upper and lower ends connected to the tensile / compression loading assembly (2) and its left and right sides connected to the shear loading assembly (4). Then perform any of the following sub-steps: Pure tensile and compressive loading: Start the tension-compression actuator (201) to extend or retract the piston rod of the tension-compression actuator, while controlling the shear actuator (402) to be in a pressure-holding state or a free-following state, thereby applying pure tensile or pure compressive load to the test piece (101); Pure shear loading: The shear actuator (402) is activated, causing the piston rod of the shear actuator to extend or retract. The actuation force is converted into a vertical shear force via the lever (401) and applied to the side of the test piece (101). At the same time, the loading end assembly of the tension / compression loading assembly (2) generates adaptive floating through the second guide rail-slider mechanism, thereby applying a pure shear load to the test piece (101). Composite load loading steps: By coordinating the loading control system, synchronous control commands are sent to the tension-compression actuator (201) and the shear actuator (402) so that the tension-compression actuator (201) and the shear actuator (402) operate simultaneously according to a predetermined load ratio or displacement ratio, thereby applying a tension-shear or compression-shear composite load to the test piece (101).

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