X-band omnidirectional broadband antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses an X-band unmanned aerial vehicle omnidirectional broadband antenna, and relates to the technical field of antennae, three layers of metal radiation patch lamination and coaxial line feeding are adopted, a gradient hollow metal column inner wall spiral channel is filled with ceramic microbeads, the middle layer is provided with an opening annular coupling ring, and a miniature salient point is fixedly matched with an elastic sheet to adjust the angle. The antenna has the advantages that the upper, middle and lower layers of metal radiation patches are designed, rectangular and hexagonal combined branches are integrated on each layer and are distributed in a central symmetry manner, and frequency division is realized in combination with differential design of the number, the size and the rotation angle of the multiple layers of branches; the upper layer resonance high frequency band, the lower layer resonance low frequency band and the middle layer are connected and transited, and meanwhile, the superimposed effect of three layers of patch radiation fields is utilized to counteract a directional diagram depression, so that the effect of cooperative implementation of broadband coverage and H-plane 360-degree omnidirectional radiation is achieved, and the problems of narrow band limitation and uneven radiation direction of a traditional patch antenna are effectively broken through.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an X-band omnidirectional wideband antenna for unmanned aerial vehicles. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the promotion of 5G communication, Internet of Things and unmanned aerial vehicle applications, modern communication technology is accelerating towards the direction of "extreme miniaturization + high integration". This trend has deeply penetrated into the whole industry chain links such as terminal equipment, network infrastructure and portable communication systems. Taking mobile terminals as an example, the volume of the external monopole antenna of the early feature phone accounts for more than 10% of the total volume of the phone, which not only affects the appearance design, but also is easy to be damaged by collision. However, the built-in patch antenna of the smart phone has been compressed to less than 1 / 5 of the traditional scheme through multi-layer substrate integration and radiation element miniaturization design, and only accounts for 2% of the internal space of the body. While realizing multi-band communication, it greatly improves the portability of the device and the user experience.

[0003] The existing X-band unmanned aerial vehicle communication antenna mainly realizes signal radiation and basic frequency coverage through single-layer or double-layer metal patch structure combined with solid dielectric substrate to meet the preliminary communication needs of unmanned aerial vehicles. However, there are some defects in actual application. First, it is difficult to realize wideband coverage and H-plane 360° omnidirectional radiation at the same time. Either the bandwidth is narrow and only suitable for a single sub-band within the X-band, or the radiation direction is uneven and there is a directional pattern depression, which cannot meet the multi-frequency needs of full-band or unmanned aerial vehicle "air-ground" communication. In the cross-region switching scene, signal interruption is easy to occur. Secondly, even if a multi-layer patch design is used, there is generally a lack of coupling tuning structure, and parasitic electromagnetic interference is easy to occur between layers. The ability to resist complex electromagnetic environments such as unmanned aerial vehicle navigation and image transmission module interference is weak, resulting in insufficient communication reliability. Thirdly, the interlayer support is mostly a simple solid or hollow columnar structure, which has poor anti-vibration performance. Unmanned aerial vehicles are easy to have interlayer displacement under high-speed flight or complex working conditions. At the same time, the signal transmission loss in the support structure is large, and the impedance matching is poor, which is difficult to adapt to harsh flight environments. In addition, it relies on FR4, Rogers base and other solid dielectric substrates, which not only have large dielectric loss affecting radiation efficiency, but also increase the load burden of unmanned aerial vehicles due to large weight and high cost, restricting the endurance of the device. Therefore, we propose an X-band omnidirectional wideband antenna for unmanned aerial vehicles. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide an X-band omnidirectional wideband antenna for unmanned aerial vehicles.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a kind of X frequency band unmanned plane omnidirectional broadband antenna, the broadband antenna includes upper layer metal radiation patch, middle layer metal radiation patch, lower layer metal radiation patch, coaxial line feed and two pairs of open loop coupling ring, the upper layer metal radiation patch, middle layer metal radiation patch, lower layer metal radiation patch are connected by coaxial line feed and present layer-by-layer placement;

[0006] Air medium is left between the upper layer metal radiation patch and the middle layer metal radiation patch, and air medium is left between the middle layer metal radiation patch and the lower layer metal radiation patch;

[0007] The upper layer metal radiation patch includes three upper layer metal radiation patch antenna branches periodically distributed around the coaxial line feed, the middle layer metal radiation patch includes six middle layer metal radiation patch antenna branches periodically distributed around the coaxial line feed, and the lower layer metal radiation patch includes nine lower layer metal radiation patch antenna branches periodically distributed around the coaxial line feed;

[0008] The bottom of the upper layer metal radiation patch antenna branch is connected with the top of the middle layer metal radiation patch antenna branch by a first hollow metal column, the bottom of the middle layer metal radiation patch antenna branch is connected with the top of the lower layer metal radiation patch antenna branch by a second hollow metal column, and the diameter of the first hollow metal column is smaller than that of the second hollow metal column;

[0009] The two pairs of open loop coupling rings are fixed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the middle layer metal radiation patch respectively, and are coaxially arranged with the coaxial line feed, the open loop coupling ring is fixedly connected with the middle layer metal radiation patch through uniformly distributed micro convex points, and a micro metal spring for adjusting the opening angle is arranged on the open loop coupling ring.

[0010] Spiral grooves are arranged on the inner walls of the first hollow metal column and the second hollow metal column, ceramic microbeads are filled in the spiral grooves, and the ceramic microbeads are fixed by high-temperature resistant glue.

[0011] As a further scheme of the present application: the upper layer metal radiation patch antenna branch, the middle layer metal radiation patch antenna branch and the lower layer metal radiation patch antenna branch are centrally symmetrically arranged about the center of the coaxial line feed, the upper layer metal radiation patch antenna branch, the middle layer metal radiation patch antenna branch and the lower layer metal radiation patch antenna branch have the same structure but different sizes, and the structure includes a rectangular branch and a hexagonal branch.

[0012] As a further scheme of the present application: the length ratio of the upper layer metal radiation patch antenna branch, the middle layer metal radiation patch antenna branch and the lower layer metal radiation patch antenna branch is 4:5:3.

[0013] As a further scheme of the present application: the height ratio of the air medium between the upper metal radiation patch and the middle metal radiation patch, and the air medium between the middle metal radiation patch and the lower metal radiation patch is 1:1.1-1.2.

[0014] As a further scheme of the present application: the angle ratio of the upper metal radiation patch antenna branch, the middle metal radiation patch antenna branch and the lower metal radiation patch antenna branch is 6:3:2.

[0015] As a further scheme of the present application: the size ratio of the hexagonal branch in the upper metal radiation patch antenna branch, the hexagonal branch in the middle metal radiation patch antenna branch and the hexagonal branch in the lower metal radiation patch antenna branch is 3:3:2, and the size ratio of the upper metal radiation patch antenna branch, the middle metal radiation patch antenna branch and the lower metal radiation patch antenna branch is 4:3:2.

[0016] As a further scheme of the present application: the diameter ratio of the first hollow metal column and the second hollow metal column is 1:2-2.2, the first hollow metal column and the second hollow metal column present a gradient structure, the pitch of the spiral groove is 1mm-1.5mm, the groove depth is 0.3mm-0.5mm, the dielectric constant of the ceramic microbead is approximately 1.2, and the particle size is 50μm-100μm.

[0017] As a further scheme of the present application: the material of the open ring-shaped coupling ring is consistent with that of the metal radiation patch, the thickness is 0.1mm-0.2mm, the open angle adjustment range of the open ring-shaped coupling ring is 0°-30°, the number of the micro convex points is and is uniformly distributed, the height is 0.3mm-0.5mm, the micro metal spring is embedded in the air medium layer, the micro metal spring comprises a fixed metal sheet and a rotating metal sheet, the fixed metal sheet is fixedly connected with the open end of the open ring-shaped coupling ring, and the rotating metal sheet is movably connected with the open end of the open ring-shaped coupling ring.

[0018] By using the above technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The application achieves the effect of wideband coverage and H-plane 360° omnidirectional radiation by designing three layers of metal radiation patches, each layer integrating rectangular and hexagonal combined branches and adopting central symmetric distribution, combining the differentiated design of the number, size and rotation angle of the branches of multiple layers to achieve "frequency division", the upper layer resonates at high frequency, the lower layer resonates at low frequency, and the middle layer transitions, while utilizing the superposition effect of the radiation fields of the three layers of patches to offset the pattern depression, effectively breaking through the narrowband limitation and uneven radiation direction of traditional patch antennas, ensuring the stability and coverage integrity of signal transmission of the unmanned aerial vehicle in cross-regional and multi-scenario communication, and achieving the core requirements of wideband and omnidirectional without additional structure.

[0020] 2. The application achieves the effect of suppressing parasitic interference between multiple layers of patches and further widening the working frequency band of the antenna by adding open loop coupling rings coaxial with the coaxial feed on the upper and lower surfaces of the middle layer of metal radiation patches, achieving the suspension and fixation of the coupling ring and the middle layer of patches by means of uniformly distributed micro convex points, and optimizing the interlayer electromagnetic coupling state by flexibly adjusting the opening angle of the coupling ring with the embedded air dielectric layer, while enhancing the anti-interference ability of the antenna to the external complex electromagnetic environment without additional feed structure, and perfectly compatible with the original layered structure, significantly improving the communication reliability of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the electromagnetic interference scene.

[0021] 3. The application achieves the dual effects of strengthening the vibration resistance of the antenna and reducing signal transmission loss by processing spiral grooves on the inner walls of the first and second hollow metal columns and filling low dielectric constant ceramic microbeads in the grooves and fixing them with high-temperature resistant glue, while maintaining the hierarchical support function of the hollow metal column to multiple layers of patches, optimizing the conduction path of high-frequency signals on the surface of the metal column, effectively avoiding the interlayer displacement of multiple layers of patches under the condition of high-speed flight or complex working conditions of the unmanned aerial vehicle, while reducing high-frequency signal attenuation and optimizing impedance matching, achieving the synergistic improvement of the stability of the antenna structure and electromagnetic performance, and adapting to the harsh flight environment requirements of the unmanned aerial vehicle.

[0022] 4. The application achieves the effects of improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna, greatly reducing the overall weight of the antenna and reducing the manufacturing cost by using air medium instead of traditional solid medium substrate as the interlayer medium of the three layers of metal radiation patches, utilizing the low dielectric property of air to reduce dielectric loss in the signal transmission process, and combining with the gradually changing hierarchical hollow metal column to achieve stable connection of multiple layers of patches, while ensuring the mechanical strength of the structure and simplifying the manufacturing process, avoiding the weight and cost burden brought by traditional high-frequency substrates, perfectly adapting to the core requirements of the unmanned aerial vehicle for lightweight and long endurance equipment, and balancing the performance and engineering practicality of the antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic view of the wideband antenna body in the embodiments of the application;

[0024] Figure 2 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the top surface of the broadband antenna body in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the front surface of the broadband antenna body in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the open ring-shaped coupling ring in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the top surface of the broadband antenna body in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the middle layer of the broadband antenna body in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6

[0029] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the bottom surface of the broadband antenna body in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7

[0030] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the first hollow metal column in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8

[0031] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the second hollow metal column in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 9 Figure 8 Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the top surface of the broadband antenna body in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 10 Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the middle layer of the broadband antenna body in an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] In the figure: 1, upper layer metal radiation patch; 2, middle layer metal radiation patch; 3, lower layer metal radiation patch; 11, upper layer metal radiation patch antenna branch; 21, middle layer metal radiation patch antenna branch; 31, lower layer metal radiation patch antenna branch; 4, coaxial line feed; 5, first hollow metal column; 6, second hollow metal column; 7, open ring-shaped coupling ring; 8, micro convex point; 9, micro metal spring; 91, fixed metal sheet; 92, rotating metal sheet; 10, spiral groove; 101, ceramic microbead. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The specific embodiments of the present application will be further described with reference to the drawings, and it should be noted that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the present application, but does not constitute a limitation on the present application.

[0035] In addition, the technical features involved in each of the embodiments of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0036] Please refer to the drawings Figure 1 - the drawings Figure 10 ​The application discloses an X-band unmanned aerial vehicle omnidirectional broadband antenna, which comprises upper-layer metal radiation patches 1, middle-layer metal radiation patches 2, lower-layer metal radiation patches 3, a coaxial line feeder 4 and two pairs of open loop coupling rings 7.

[0037] Air medium is left between the upper-layer metal radiation patches 1 and the middle-layer metal radiation patches 2, and air medium is left between the middle-layer metal radiation patches 2 and the lower-layer metal radiation patches 3.

[0038] The upper-layer metal radiation patches 1 comprise three upper-layer metal radiation patch antenna branches 11 which are periodically distributed around the coaxial line feeder 4, the middle-layer metal radiation patches 2 comprise six middle-layer metal radiation patch antenna branches 21 which are periodically distributed around the coaxial line feeder 4, and the lower-layer metal radiation patches 3 comprise nine lower-layer metal radiation patch antenna branches 31 which are periodically distributed around the coaxial line feeder 4.

[0039] The bottom of the upper-layer metal radiation patch antenna branch 11 is connected with the top of the middle-layer metal radiation patch antenna branch 21 through a first hollow metal column 5, the bottom of the middle-layer metal radiation patch antenna branch 21 is connected with the top of the lower-layer metal radiation patch antenna branch 31 through a second hollow metal column 6, and the diameter of the first hollow metal column 5 is smaller than that of the second hollow metal column 6.

[0040] The two pairs of open loop coupling rings 7 are fixed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the middle-layer metal radiation patch 2 respectively and are coaxially arranged with the coaxial line feeder 4, the open loop coupling ring 7 is fixedly connected with the middle-layer metal radiation patch 2 through uniformly distributed micro convex points 8, and the open loop coupling ring 7 is provided with a micro metal spring 9 used for adjusting an opening angle.

[0041] The inner walls of the first hollow metal column 5 and the second hollow metal column 6 are each provided with a spiral groove 10, the spiral groove 10 is filled with ceramic micro beads 101, and the ceramic micro beads 101 are fixed through high-temperature-resistant glue.

[0042] Embodiment one, please refer to the accompanying drawings Figure 1 - the accompanying drawings Figure 10 The application discloses an X-band unmanned aerial vehicle omnidirectional broadband antenna, which adopts a three-layer radiation patch + air medium + hierarchical support + coupling tuning integrated layering architecture, the overall size is accurately controlled to be 20mm*30mm*20mm, can adapt to the compact installation space inside unmanned aerial vehicle equipment, and can meet the X-band 7.3GHz-10.3GHz high-frequency signal radiation requirement.

[0043] The antenna shows excellent electromagnetic performance in the full operating frequency band: the low frequency band 7.3GHz-8GHz bandwidth covers fully, the return loss is significantly reduced, the gain stability is strong, at the center frequency 8.3GHz, the S11 parameter can reach-22dB, which means that the signal reflection loss is extremely low, and the energy transmission efficiency is outstanding.

[0044] The core components include the upper layer metal radiation patch 1, the middle layer metal radiation patch 2, the lower layer metal radiation patch 3, the air medium layer, the first hollow metal column 5, the second hollow metal column 6 and the coaxial line feed 4. The radiation patches in each layer are electrically connected through the coaxial line feed 4, and are mechanically fixed through the hollow metal columns, forming a stable stacked structure.

[0045] Example two, please refer to the attached Figure 1 -attached Figure 10 The upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer metal radiation patch 3 are all centered on the coaxial line feed 4, and a plurality of antenna branches are uniformly distributed circumferentially, and all the branches are strictly centrally symmetric about the center of the coaxial line. The symmetric design is the core basis for realizing omnidirectional radiation, which can ensure the phase consistency and amplitude uniformity of the horizontal direction (H plane) radiation field. In order to adapt to the resonance requirements of different sub-bands in X frequency band, the number of antenna branches of the three-layer patch increases according to the rule of 1:2:3, for example, the upper layer is provided with 3 upper layer metal radiation patch 1 antenna branches, the middle layer is provided with 6 middle layer metal radiation patch 2 antenna branches, and the lower layer is provided with 9 lower layer metal radiation patch 3 antenna branches. The angle between adjacent branches is differentially distributed according to the proportion of 6:3:2 from top to bottom. Through the cooperative design of "quantity + angle", the radiation field of the three-layer branches forms complementary superposition in space, effectively offsets the directional diagram depression under single frequency band, and strengthens the omnidirectional radiation effect.

[0046] Example three, please refer to the attached Figure 1 -attached Figure 10From the branch structure details, each antenna branch adopts the integrated design of "rectangular main branch + hexagonal tail end branch": the rectangular main branch provides the basic path for current conduction, ensuring efficient transmission of high-frequency signals, and the hexagonal tail end branch further broadens the resonant bandwidth of the single branch by expanding the effective current length, avoiding the narrow-band limitation of traditional single-shaped branches, and realizing the frequency band division of each layer branch. The size parameters of the three-layer branches are matched differently: the length of the rectangular branch is distributed in a ratio of 4:3:2 from top to bottom, specifically 20-20.5mm for the upper layer, 25-25.5mm for the middle layer, and 14-14.5mm for the lower layer, which adapts to the wavelength characteristics of different frequency bands. The inner diameter of the hexagonal branch is set in a ratio of 3:3:2 from top to bottom, specifically 0.8mm-1mm for the upper layer, 1.3mm-1.5mm for the middle layer, and 1.8mm-2.0mm for the lower layer, which optimizes the current distribution through tail size adjustment and ensures that the upper layer branch resonates in the high-frequency band (9-10.3GHz), the lower layer branch resonates in the low-frequency band (7.3-8GHz), and the middle layer branch serves as a transition to the frequency band, ultimately achieving seamless coverage of the full frequency band.

[0047] Embodiment four, please refer to the attached Figure 1 -attached Figure 10 In terms of interlayer connection and support, the application adopts a "graded hollow metal column" design: the end of the upper layer metal radiation patch 1 antenna branch is fixedly connected to the end of the middle layer metal radiation patch 2 antenna branch through a first hollow metal column 5, and the ends of the middle and lower layer branches are connected through a second hollow metal column 6. Both metal columns are of a graded structure, with the first hollow metal column 5 having an upper bottom radius of 0.6mm-0.8mm and a lower bottom radius of 0.8mm-1.0mm, and the second hollow metal column 6 having an upper bottom radius of 0.8mm-1.0mm and a lower bottom radius of 1.8mm-2.0mm. The diameter ratio of the two is strictly controlled at 1:2-2.2, which not only disperses interlayer stress through the graded structure to enhance vibration resistance, but also avoids interference with the electromagnetic field caused by sudden changes in the size of the metal column.

[0048] Especially crucial is that the inner walls of both metal columns are precisely milled with spiral grooves 10, with a pitch of 1mm-1.5mm and a depth of 0.3mm-0.5mm. The grooves are filled with ceramic microbeads 101 with a dielectric constant ≈1.2 and a particle size of 50μm-100μm, and are fixed with high-temperature resistant epoxy glue. The spiral grooves 10 can enhance the structural rigidity of the metal column, and the ceramic microbeads 101 can reduce high-frequency signal transmission loss due to their low dielectric properties. Both can adapt to the vibration environment of high-speed flight or complex working conditions of the unmanned aerial vehicle, ensuring stable interlayer connection and efficient signal transmission.

[0049] Specifically, a pair of open loop coupling rings 7 coaxial with the coaxial line feed 4 is additionally arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the middle layer metal radiation patch 2. The coupling ring is made of the same material as the metal radiation patch and has a thickness of 0.1mm-0.2mm. The coupling ring is fixed to the middle layer patch by five uniformly distributed micro convex points 8 with a height of 0.3mm-0.5mm, so that the coupling ring and the middle layer patch are arranged in a "suspended" manner to avoid electromagnetic interference caused by direct contact. The open end of the coupling ring is also equipped with a micro metal spring 9 composed of a fixed metal sheet 91 and a rotating metal sheet 92. The fixed metal sheet 91 is rigidly connected to one end of the open end of the coupling ring, and the rotating metal sheet 92 is movably connected to the other end of the open end. By adjusting the angle of the rotating metal sheet 92, the opening angle of the coupling ring can be flexibly adjusted from 0° to 30°. This design can precisely suppress the parasitic coupling between the three-layer patches, further widen the working frequency band of the antenna, and enhance the anti-interference ability of the antenna to the external electromagnetic environment.

[0050] Specifically, the height parameters of the air medium between the layers are also optimized: the air medium height between the upper and middle layer radiation patches is 4.8mm-5mm, and the air medium height between the middle and lower layers is 5mm-5.2mm. The height ratio of the two is 1:1.11.2. The air medium has a dielectric constant of approximately 1, which greatly reduces dielectric loss and reduces the overall weight of the antenna. The height of the coaxial line feed 4 is set to 25-30mm to ensure that the feed energy can uniformly excite the three-layer patch upwards, avoiding local overheating or signal distortion caused by energy concentration, and ultimately achieving a triple balance of structural stability, electromagnetic performance, and lightweight.

[0051] Working principle:

[0052] First, the coaxial line feed 4 inputs energy from the bottom and uniformly transmits X-band high-frequency communication energy upwards to the center area of the upper, middle, and lower layer metal radiation patches 3. With the coaxial connection relationship between the three-layer patch and the coaxial line, the feed energy synchronously excites the three-layer radiation patch, laying the energy foundation for subsequent signal radiation.

[0053] Then, the excited three-layer metal radiation patch starts to work based on the differentiated design of its antenna branches: the upper layer branches, with fewer numbers and smaller sizes, mainly resonate in the X-band high frequency band, the lower layer branches, with more numbers and larger sizes, mainly resonate in the low frequency band, and the middle layer branches, with a transition size and number, connect the high and low frequency bands. The central symmetrical distribution and 6:3:2 angle design of the three-layer branches ensure that the radiation fields of each layer form complementary superposition in the horizontal direction (H plane), preliminarily realizing the omnidirectional radiation effect.

[0054] Subsequently, the open annular coupling ring 7 on the upper and lower surfaces of the middle layer patch begins to play a role: by adjusting the opening angle of the coupling ring through the micro metal spring 9, the interlayer electromagnetic coupling state is optimized, the parasitic interference between the three-layer patches is suppressed, the antenna operating frequency band is further widened, the anti-interference ability to the external electromagnetic environment is enhanced, and the signal transmission stability is ensured;

[0055] At the same time, the spiral groove 10 on the inner wall of the first and second hollow metal columns 6 cooperates with the ceramic microbeads 101: the spiral groove 10 improves the support rigidity of the metal column to the three-layer patch, adapts to the unmanned aerial vehicle flight vibration environment, and the ceramic microbeads 101 reduce the transmission loss of high-frequency signals on the surface of the metal column, cooperate with the reduced dielectric loss of the air medium between the layers, and jointly improve the signal conduction efficiency;

[0056] Finally, after the broadband resonance of the three-layer branches, the interference suppression of the coupling ring, the loss control of the metal column and the air medium, the high-frequency signal is converted into stable electromagnetic radiation wave, and through the superposition of the radiation field of the three-layer patch, 7.3-10.3GHz frequency band within 360° omnidirectional radiation is realized, which meets the unmanned aerial vehicle air-ground multi-scene communication demand, and the whole working process ends.

[0057] Although the above-mentioned embodiments are disclosed as preferred embodiments of the present application, the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can make possible changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, any modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical essence of the present application, which does not deviate from the technical solution of the present application, falls within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. An X-band unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) omnidirectional broadband antenna, characterized in that: The broadband antenna includes an upper metal radiating patch (1), a middle metal radiating patch (2), a lower metal radiating patch (3), a coaxial feed (4), and two pairs of open ring coupling rings (7). The upper metal radiating patch (1), the middle metal radiating patch (2), and the lower metal radiating patch (3) are connected by the coaxial feed (4) and stacked in a layered manner. An air medium is left between the upper metal radiation patch (1) and the middle metal radiation patch (2), and an air medium is left between the middle metal radiation patch (2) and the lower metal radiation patch (3). The upper metal radiating patch (1) includes three upper metal radiating patch antenna stubs (11) periodically distributed around the coaxial feed (4), the middle metal radiating patch (2) includes six middle metal radiating patch antenna stubs (21) periodically distributed around the coaxial feed (4), and the lower metal radiating patch (3) includes nine lower metal radiating patch antenna stubs (31) periodically distributed around the coaxial feed (4). The bottom of the upper metal radiating patch antenna segment (11) is connected to the top of the middle metal radiating patch antenna segment (21) by a first hollow metal column (5), and the bottom of the middle metal radiating patch antenna segment (21) is connected to the top of the lower metal radiating patch antenna segment (31) by a second hollow metal column (6). The diameter of the first hollow metal column (5) is smaller than that of the second hollow metal column (6). Two pairs of open annular coupling rings (7) are fixed on the upper and lower surfaces of the middle metal radiating patch (2) respectively, and are coaxially arranged with the coaxial feed (4). The open annular coupling rings (7) are fixedly connected to the middle metal radiating patch (2) through uniformly distributed micro protrusions (8). The open annular coupling rings (7) are provided with micro metal springs (9) for adjusting the opening angle. The inner walls of the first hollow metal column (5) and the second hollow metal column (6) are provided with spiral channels (10), and the spiral channels (10) are filled with ceramic microspheres (101), which are fixed by high-temperature resistant adhesive.

2. The X-band UAV omnidirectional broadband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper metal radiating patch antenna stub (11), the middle metal radiating patch antenna stub (21) and the lower metal radiating patch antenna stub (31) are each centrally symmetrical about the center of the coaxial feed (4). The upper metal radiating patch antenna stub (11), the middle metal radiating patch antenna stub (21) and the lower metal radiating patch antenna stub (31) have the same structure but different dimensions. Their structures include a rectangular stub and a hexagonal stub.

3. The X-band UAV omnidirectional broadband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length ratio of the upper metal radiating patch antenna stub (11), the middle metal radiating patch antenna stub (21), and the lower metal radiating patch antenna stub (31) is 4:5:

3.

4. The X-band UAV omnidirectional broadband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height ratio of the air medium between the upper metal radiation patch (1) and the middle metal radiation patch (2), and the air medium between the middle metal radiation patch (2) and the lower metal radiation patch (3) is 1:1.1-1.

2.

5. The X-band UAV omnidirectional broadband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the included angles of the upper metal radiating patch antenna stub (11), the middle metal radiating patch antenna stub (21), and the lower metal radiating patch antenna stub (31) is 6:3:

2.

6. The X-band UAV omnidirectional broadband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size ratio of the hexagonal stub in the upper metal radiating patch antenna stub (11), the hexagonal stub in the middle metal radiating patch antenna stub (21), and the hexagonal stub in the lower metal radiating patch antenna stub (31) is 3:3:2, and the size ratio of the upper metal radiating patch antenna stub (11), the middle metal radiating patch antenna stub (21), and the lower metal radiating patch antenna stub (31) is 4:3:

2.

7. The X-band UAV omnidirectional broadband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter ratio of the first hollow metal column (5) to the second hollow metal column (6) is 1:2-2.

2. The first hollow metal column (5) and the second hollow metal column (6) have a gradient structure. The pitch of the spiral channel (10) is 1mm-1.5mm and the groove depth is 0.3mm-0.5mm. The particle size of the ceramic microspheres (101) is 50μm-100μm.

8. The X-band UAV omnidirectional broadband antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the open annular coupling ring (7) is the same as that of the metal radiation patch, with a thickness of 0.1mm-0.2mm. The opening angle of the open annular coupling ring (7) is adjustable from 0° to 30°. There are 5 micro protrusions (8) that are evenly distributed and have a height of 0.3mm-0.5mm. The micro metal spring (9) is embedded in the air medium layer. The micro metal spring (9) includes a fixed metal piece (91) and a rotating metal piece (92). The fixed metal piece (91) is fixedly connected to the opening end of the open annular coupling ring (7), and the rotating metal piece (92) is movably connected to the opening end of the open annular coupling ring (7) along the opening.

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