Dielectric resonant antenna with ABO type ceramic material

Abstract

The invention discloses a dielectric resonant antenna with an ABO type ceramic material, and relates to the technical field of antennae, the front end of a lower-layer bottom plate is provided with an upper-layer novel ceramic dielectric block used for realizing efficient resonance, and the lower-layer bottom plate is internally provided with an upper-layer metal radiation patch used for effectively prolonging a current path; the dielectric resonant antenna has the advantages that the ABO type (Sm. Bi.) NbOceramic material cooperatively replaced by A-bit (Sm, Bi) is introduced, so that the electromagnetic performance of the dielectric resonant antenna is remarkably improved, the material has a moderate dielectric constant and a high Q value, and the dielectric resonant antenna has the advantages that the dielectric resonant antenna can be widely applied to the field of antenna devices, and the application range of the dielectric resonant antenna is widened. High-efficiency resonance and low-loss radiation can be realized in the frequency band of 4.38 GHz-5. 27 GHz, and the problems of narrow bandwidth and high loss are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a dielectric resonant antenna with ABO4 type ceramic material. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the rapid development of 5G communication technology, FR1 (5G Sub-6GHz, i.e. 6GHz below frequency band) as an important application frequency band of 5G has important significance for realizing wide area coverage, improving signal penetration ability and meeting the demand of massive Internet of Things connection. This frequency band takes into account the larger communication bandwidth and lower propagation loss, and is the core working interval of current 5G base station construction and terminal communication system. The antenna described in the present application works in the frequency band of 4.38GHz-5.27GHz, which is in the main frequency band range of 5G FR1, and has wide engineering application potential, especially suitable for high-density communication base stations, unmanned aerial vehicle communication, intelligent vehicle and high-speed mobile terminal scenes.

[0003] Traditional dielectric materials (such as alumina, etc.) have performance bottlenecks in high-frequency applications. On the one hand, if the dielectric constant is low, the antenna volume is difficult to further miniaturize. On the other hand, high dielectric constant materials are often accompanied by high dielectric loss, which leads to a decrease in the quality factor and an increase in signal energy attenuation. In addition, in a complex electromagnetic environment, the dielectric stability of traditional ceramic dielectric materials is poor, and is easily affected by temperature and humidity to cause frequency deviation or performance degradation. Moreover, when working with other high-frequency circuit devices, electromagnetic coupling and interference are easily generated, thereby affecting the communication quality and reliability of the whole system. These problems seriously restrict the efficient deployment of dielectric resonant antennas in 5G systems. Therefore, we propose a dielectric resonant antenna with ABO4 type ceramic material. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a dielectric resonant antenna with ABO4 type ceramic material.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a dielectric resonant antenna with ABO4 type ceramic material, the front end of the lower base plate is provided with an upper layer of new type ceramic dielectric block for realizing efficient resonance, the inside of the lower base plate is provided with an upper layer of metal radiation patch for effectively extending the current path, the lower end of the lower base plate is provided with a edge groove, the inside of the edge groove is provided with an upper layer of metal ground plate for regulating the distribution of current loop, and the lower end of the lower base plate is connected with a coplanar waveguide feed plate for exciting the upper layer of metal radiation patch to generate resonance.

[0006] As a further scheme of the present application: the upper layer of metal radiation patch includes a ring-shaped radiation plate and a fork-shaped frame, and the outer wall of the ring-shaped radiation plate is connected with the upper end of the fork-shaped frame.

[0007] As a further scheme of the present application, the annular radiation plate and the fork-shaped frame are both mounted inside the lower base plate, and a semicircular block is mounted at the upper end of the fork-shaped frame.

[0008] As a further scheme of the present application, the upper metal ground plates are distributed on the left and right sides of the upper metal radiation patch, and the two upper metal ground plates are symmetrical about the upper metal radiation patch.

[0009] As a further scheme of the present application, the lower ends on the left and right sides of the upper metal radiation patch are both connected with pill blocks for enhancing the current transmission path and the wide band.

[0010] As a further scheme of the present application, the length of the co-planar waveguide feed plate is the sum of three times the length of the rectangular radiation unit and six times the gap between the upper metal radiation patch, and the width of the co-planar waveguide feed plate is forty times the height of the lower base plate.

[0011] As a further scheme of the present application, a micro PIN diode is mounted at the front end of the upper side of the fork-shaped frame, and the micro PIN diode is aligned with the center of the pill block, and the on-off state of the micro PIN diode is controlled by an external low-voltage.

[0012] As a further scheme of the present application, a micro channel is formed in the inside of the lower base plate and cooperates with the upper metal radiation patch, and high-thermal-conductivity silica gel is mounted in the inside of the micro channel.

[0013] As a further scheme of the present application, a heat dissipation coating plate is mounted on the outer wall of the upper metal ground plate, and the heat dissipation coating plate is composed of carbon nanotubes and graphene.

[0014] By using the above technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. The present application introduces an A-site (Sm, Bi) cooperative substitution AB04 type (Sm0.875Bi0.125) NbO4 ceramic material, which significantly improves the electromagnetic performance of the dielectric resonant antenna. The material has moderate dielectric constant and high Q value, and can realize efficient resonance and low loss radiation in the frequency band of 4.38GHz-5.27GHz, solving the problem of narrow bandwidth and high loss of traditional alumina and zirconia-based ceramic materials.

[0016] 2. The present application adopts a circular and fork-shaped composite structure design for the metal radiation patch, effectively lengthens the current path, realizes multi-mode resonance, widens the working bandwidth, and improves the current distribution and impedance matching through the pill-shaped transition structure, thereby improving the gain and bandwidth stability.

[0017] 3. By taking advantage of the low-loss characteristics of the original ceramic material, the heat dissipation system can quickly dissipate Joule heat during high-frequency operation. The surface modification and heat dissipation system work together to control the frequency deviation of the antenna within ±0.05GHz in a temperature range of -40℃ to 85℃ and an environment of 85% humidity. This avoids the dielectric constant shift caused by temperature rise and ensures the performance stability of the antenna in high-temperature scenarios such as high-density base stations.

[0018] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 As described in the embodiments of the present invention Parameter curves;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the radiation direction in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Lower base plate; 2. Upper new ceramic dielectric block; 3. Upper metal radiating patch; 4. Upper metal ground plane; 5. Coplanar waveguide feed plate; 11. Annular radiating plate; 12. Semicircular block; 13. Pill block. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is for the purpose of helping to understand the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0025] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] This invention discloses a dielectric resonant antenna with ABO4 ceramic material. In the construction of 5G base stations in urban core areas, dense buildings can obstruct signal transmission, and high-speed moving vehicle terminals, drones, and other devices are prone to signal interruption in complex electromagnetic environments. Furthermore, base station equipment needs to balance miniaturization and wide-band coverage. In this case, after deploying a dielectric resonant antenna with ABO4 ceramic material, based on the low-loss characteristics of NbO4 ceramic dielectric blocks and multimode resonant design, it can achieve stable radiation in the 4.38GHz–5.27GHz 5GFR1 core frequency band. With its omnidirectional radiation pattern, it can penetrate building obstructions. At the same time, its compact structure adapts to the miniaturization requirements of base stations and quickly establishes a reliable communication link.

[0028] Therefore, in order to effectively solve the above problems, this application proposes a dielectric resonant antenna with ABO4 type ceramic material, as shown in the attached drawings of the specification. Figures 1-4 As shown, the front end of the lower base plate 1 is equipped with an upper novel ceramic dielectric block 2 for achieving high-efficiency resonance, the interior of the lower base plate 1 is equipped with an upper metal radiating patch 3 for effectively extending the current path, the lower end of the lower base plate 1 is provided with an edge groove, the interior of the edge groove is equipped with an upper metal grounding plate 4 for regulating the current loop distribution, and the lower end of the lower base plate 1 is connected to a coplanar waveguide feed plate 5 for exciting the upper metal radiating patch 3 to generate resonance.

[0029] Specifically, the upper metal radiating patch 3 and the upper metal ground plane 4 are located in the same plane and are fed through the coplanar waveguide feed plate 5;

[0030] The lower base plate 1 is a metal base plate, used for support and electromagnetic isolation, forming a reflective base surface.

[0031] Example 2

[0032] The upper metal radiation patch 3 includes an annular radiation plate 11 and a fork-shaped frame, and the outer wall of the annular radiation plate 11 is connected to the upper end of the fork-shaped frame.

[0033] The annular radiating plate 11 and the fork-shaped frame are both installed inside the lower base plate 1, and a semi-circular block 12 is installed at the upper end of the fork-shaped frame.

[0034] The upper metal ground plane 4 is distributed on the left and right sides of the upper metal radiating patch 3, and the two upper metal ground planes 4 are symmetrical about the upper metal radiating patch 3.

[0035] The lower ends of both sides of the upper metal radiation patch 3 are connected to pill blocks 13 for enhancing the current transmission path and bandwidth.

[0036] Specifically, the upper-layer novel ceramic dielectric block 2 is an A-site (Sm,Bi)-substituted ABO4 type microwave dielectric ceramic (Sm0.875Bi0.125)NbO4, with a dielectric constant εr of 21.9, Q×f=38,300GHz, and dielectric loss tangent Tanδ=2.1×10⁻ 4 .

[0037] Example 3

[0038] The length of the coplanar waveguide feed plate 5 is the sum of three times the length of the rectangular radiating unit and six times the gap of the upper metal radiating patch 3, and the width of the coplanar waveguide feed plate 5 is forty times the height of the lower base plate 1.

[0039] A miniature PIN diode is mounted on the front end of the upper side of the fork-shaped frame, and the miniature PIN diode is aligned with the center of the pill block 13. The on / off state of the miniature PIN diode is controlled by an external low voltage.

[0040] The lower base plate 1 has microchannels inside that cooperate with the upper metal radiation patch 3, and the microchannels are filled with high thermal conductivity silicone.

[0041] A heat dissipation coating plate is installed on the outer wall of the upper metal grounding plate 4, and the heat dissipation coating plate is composed of carbon nanotubes and graphene.

[0042] The lower base plate 1 is used flat, and at this time the actual height of the lower base plate 1 is the length of the shortest side;

[0043] The rectangular radiating unit is the square bottom surface of the fork frame near the coplanar waveguide feed plate 5. The length of the rectangular radiating unit is actually the length of the square bottom surface of the fork frame from left to right when the lower base plate 1 is laid flat. It can also be understood that the distance between the two pill blocks 13 is the length of the rectangular radiating unit.

[0044] Bandwidth is a measure of the frequency range in which a device or system can effectively transmit and process signals. Essentially, it is the "frequency range in which signals can operate stably." It is one of the core performance indicators that determines the antenna's coverage frequency range and data transmission rate, and it is highly related to the dielectric resonant antenna technology solution you provided.

[0045] The upper (Sm,Bi)NbO4 dielectric block is the core functional material carrier of this 5G dielectric resonant antenna. It is essentially an ABO4 type microwave dielectric ceramic that has been modified by A-site ion doping.

[0046] Model and The electric field distribution consists of two core resonant electromagnetic field modes excited within the (Sm,Bi)NbO4 ceramic dielectric block. The electric field distributions (direction, intensity, and spatial morphology) of the two modes differ significantly, and they respectively undertake the key functions of antenna "main radiation" and "bandwidth expansion".

[0047] Specifically, the pill block 13 is used to smooth current transitions and extend bandwidth;

[0048] The coplanar waveguide feed plate 5 adopts a structure in which the central conductor and the ground planes on both sides are coplanar. After the feed signal is transmitted through the coplanar waveguide feed plate 5, it excites the upper metal radiating patch 3 to form a resonant mode. The length of the coplanar waveguide feed plate 5 is three times the length of the rectangular radiating unit and six times the gap between the radiating patches, and the width is forty times the height of the lower metal base plate, so as to optimize the feed impedance matching and improve the power transmission efficiency.

[0049] The working principle and operation procedure are as follows:

[0050] Step 1: Based on the coplanar waveguide feed plate 5 structure, signal transmission and radiation excitation are achieved through electromagnetic coupling between the central conductive strip on the surface of the lower base plate 1 and the upper metal ground planes 4 on both sides. The dielectric properties of the upper novel ceramic dielectric block 2 resonate with the upper metal radiating patch 3 to form a stable [structure / function]. Model and Model electric field distribution;

[0051] Step 2: The geometric parameters of the fork frame have a significant impact on bandwidth and frequency response. On the one hand, the branches of the fork frame can be equivalent to reactive loading elements. When the operating frequency changes, its reactive characteristics compensate for the change in the impedance of the radiation unit, so that the input impedance is close to 50Ω in a wider frequency band, thereby improving bandwidth performance.

[0052] Step 3: By adjusting the length, spacing, and coupling distance of the forked frame branches to the radiating unit, the resonant frequency can be flexibly controlled to achieve frequency tunability in the range of 4.38–5.27 GHz. The two upper metal ground planes 4 not only serve as components of the coplanar waveguide feed plate 5, but also participate in controlling the current loop distribution. Compared with conventional rectangular ground planes, the hexagonal structure enables the current to flow in multiple paths in the edge region, enhancing electromagnetic field coupling and improving omnidirectional radiation performance.

[0053] Simulation and experimental results of the dielectric resonant antenna of this invention show that, within the frequency band of 4.38 GHz–5.27 GHz, the reflection coefficient is [missing information]. It offers a gain better than -20dB and a bandwidth of 890MHz; the antenna peak gain is approximately 5.1dBi, exhibiting a good omnidirectional radiation pattern and a radiation efficiency exceeding 88%.

[0054] The length of the branch, the spacing between the branches, and the coupling distance between the branches and the upper metal radiating patch 3 are all adjusted to control the resonant frequency and bandwidth by changing the equivalent inductance and capacitance distribution of the radiating unit. Increasing the branch length will lengthen the current path, and the equivalent inductance and capacitance will increase simultaneously, thereby lowering the resonant frequency and widening the bandwidth. Decreasing the branch spacing will enhance the electric field coupling, increase the equivalent capacitance, and thus lower the frequency and increase the bandwidth. Increasing the spacing will weaken the coupling, increase the frequency, and narrow the bandwidth. The closer the branch is to the main radiating patch, the stronger the capacitive coupling, the lower the resonant frequency, and the easier it is to maintain the stability of the input impedance over a wide frequency range. Increasing the distance will cause the frequency to shift upward and the bandwidth to decrease. Increasing the size of the pill-shaped transition structure can smooth the current path and improve the bandwidth performance. At this point, the entire workflow is complete.

[0055] The terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "top," and "bottom" all refer to the figures in the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 Based on.

[0056] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0057] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments.

[0058] For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and these variations still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dielectric resonant antenna made of ABO4 type ceramic material, comprising a lower substrate (1), characterized in that: The lower base plate (1) is equipped with an upper novel ceramic dielectric block (2) for achieving high-efficiency resonance. The lower base plate (1) is equipped with an upper metal radiating patch (3) for effectively extending the current path. The lower end of the lower base plate (1) is provided with a ridge groove. The ridge groove is equipped with an upper metal grounding plate (4) for regulating the current loop distribution. The lower end of the lower base plate (1) is connected to a coplanar waveguide feed plate (5) for exciting the upper metal radiating patch (3) to generate resonance.

2. The dielectric resonant antenna with ABO4 type ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper metal radiation patch (3) includes an annular radiation plate (11) and a fork-shaped frame, and the outer wall of the annular radiation plate (11) is connected to the upper end of the fork-shaped frame.

3. A dielectric resonant antenna with ABO4 type ceramic material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The annular radiating plate (11) and the fork-shaped frame are both installed inside the lower bottom plate (1), and a semi-circular block (12) is installed at the upper end of the fork-shaped frame.

4. A dielectric resonant antenna with ABO4 type ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper metal ground plane (4) is distributed on the left and right sides of the upper metal radiation patch (3), and the two upper metal ground planes (4) are symmetrical about the upper metal radiation patch (3).

5. A dielectric resonant antenna with ABO4 type ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower ends of the left and right sides of the upper metal radiation patch (3) are connected to pill blocks (13) for enhancing the current transmission path and broadband.

6. A dielectric resonant antenna with ABO4 type ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the coplanar waveguide feed plate (5) is the sum of three times the length of the rectangular radiating unit and six times the gap of the upper metal radiating patch (3), and the width of the coplanar waveguide feed plate (5) is forty times the height of the lower base plate (1).

7. A dielectric resonant antenna with ABO4 type ceramic material according to claim 3, characterized in that: A miniature PIN diode is installed at the front end of the upper side of the fork-shaped frame, and the miniature PIN diode is aligned with the center of the pill block (13), and the on / off state of the miniature PIN diode is controlled by an external low voltage.

8. A dielectric resonant antenna with ABO4 type ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower base plate (1) has microchannels inside that cooperate with the upper metal radiation patch (3), and the microchannels are filled with high thermal conductivity silicone.

9. A dielectric resonant antenna with ABO4 type ceramic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the upper metal ground plane (4) is fitted with a heat dissipation coating plate, which is composed of carbon nanotubes and graphene.

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