RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method, apparatus and electronic equipment

Abstract

This application provides a method, apparatus, and electronic device for anechoic chamber channel reconstruction based on a RIS (Radio Reconstruction System). The anechoic chamber contains a device under test (DUT), a smart metasurface (RIS), and a probe wall. The RIS is positioned between the DUT and the probe wall, with the distance between the probe wall and the DUT being less than a preset threshold. The method includes: determining target channel parameters for the target channel to be reconstructed; acquiring the position information of the DUT, the RIS, and the probe wall; determining the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS based on the target channel parameters and position information, whereby the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS indicate the amount of amplitude and phase modulation of the transmitted signal by the RIS; determining the power characteristics of the probe wall based on the target channel parameters and position information, whereby the power characteristics indicate the transmit power of each probe on the probe wall; and determining the reconstructed channel characteristics based on the position information, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS, and the power characteristics of the probe wall. This method can reduce channel reconstruction errors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method, apparatus, and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] The air interface performance testing of massive MIMO devices mainly relies on a multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC). Specifically, channel reconstruction can be performed based on the MPAC, and the air interface performance of massive MIMO devices can be tested based on the reconstructed channel.

[0003] However, the ever-increasing size of antenna arrays in massive MIMO devices leads to larger channel reconstruction errors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method, apparatus, and electronic device to reduce channel reconstruction errors.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method based on a RIS (Radio Reconstruction System). The anechoic chamber includes a device under test (DUT), a RIS, and a probe wall. The RIS is positioned between the DUT and the probe wall. The probe wall is used to transmit signals to the DUT via the RIS. The distance between the probe wall and the DUT is less than a preset threshold. The method includes:

[0006] Determine the target channel parameters of the target channel to be reconstructed;

[0007] Acquire the location information of the device under test, RIS, and probe wall;

[0008] Based on the target channel parameters and location information, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS are determined. The amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS are used to indicate the amount of amplitude and phase control of the transmitted signal by the RIS.

[0009] Based on the target channel parameters and location information, the power characteristics of the probe wall are determined. The power characteristics are used to indicate the transmission power of each probe on the probe wall.

[0010] Based on location information, amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS, and power characteristics of the probe wall, the reconstructed channel characteristics are determined.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS are determined based on the target channel parameters and location information, including:

[0012] Based on the target channel parameters, the target channel characteristics are determined, and these characteristics are used to indicate the channel response of the target channel.

[0013] Based on the location information, determine the expression for the cascaded channel characteristics between the probe wall and the device under test;

[0014] The amplitude and phase response characteristics of RIS are determined based on the expressions for the target channel characteristics and the cascaded channel characteristics.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the location information includes first location information of the device under test (DUT), second location information of the RIS (Reference System), and third location information of the probe wall; based on the location information, an expression for the cascaded channel characteristics between the probe wall and the DUT is determined, including:

[0016] Based on the first location information and the second location information, a first channel characteristic between the device under test and the RIS is determined. The first channel characteristic is used to indicate the channel response between the device under test and the RIS.

[0017] Based on the second and third location information, a second channel characteristic between the RIS and the probe wall is determined. The second channel characteristic is used to indicate the channel response between the probe wall and the RIS.

[0018] Based on the first channel characteristics and the second channel characteristics, determine the expression for the cascaded channel characteristics.

[0019] In one possible implementation, determining a first channel characteristic between the device under test and the RIS based on the first location information and the second location information includes:

[0020] Based on the first location information and the second location information, the channel coefficient between the antenna array elements on the device under test and the RIS unit on the RIS is determined. The first location information includes the coordinates of each antenna array element on the device under test, and the second location information includes the coordinates of each RIS unit on the RIS.

[0021] The first channel characteristic is determined based on the channel coefficients between the antenna array elements on the device under test and the RIS units on the RIS.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the channel coefficients between the antenna array elements on the device under test and the RIS elements on the RIS satisfy:

[0023]

[0024] in, Let be the channel coefficient between the u-th antenna element of the device under test and the l-th RIS element on the RIS. Let AoA be the angle of arrival at the u-th antenna element. The radiation pattern of the u-th antenna element is shown. Let AoD be the departure angle at the l-th RIS unit. The radiation pattern of the l-th RIS unit is shown. For wavelength, Let be the distance between the u-th antenna element and the l-th RIS element. The imaginary unit is u, which takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., U, and l takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., L. U is the total number of antenna elements on the antenna array, and L is the total number of RIS elements on the RIS.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the first channel feature satisfies:

[0026]

[0027] in, This is the first channel feature. Let be the channel coefficient between the u-th antenna element on the antenna array of the device under test and the l-th RIS unit on the RIS, where u takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., U, l takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., L, U is the total number of antenna elements on the antenna array, and L is the total number of RIS units on the RIS.

[0028] In one possible implementation, a second channel characteristic between the RIS and the probe wall is determined based on the second location information and the third location information, including:

[0029] Based on the second and third location information, the channel coefficients between the probe antennas on the probe wall and the RIS units on the RIS are determined. The second location information includes the coordinates of each RIS unit on the RIS, and the third location information includes the coordinates of each probe antenna on the probe wall.

[0030] The second channel characteristics are determined based on the channel coefficients between the probe antennas on the probe wall and the RIS units on the RIS.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the channel coefficient between the probe antenna on the probe wall and the RIS unit on the RIS satisfies:

[0032]

[0033] in, Let be the channel coefficient between the k-th probe antenna on the probe wall and the l-th RIS unit on the RIS. Let AoA be the arrival angle at the l-th RIS unit. The radiation pattern of the l-th RIS unit is shown. Let AoD be the departure angle at the k-th probe antenna. The radiation pattern of the k-th probe antenna is shown. For wavelength, Let be the distance between the l-th RIS unit and the k-th probe antenna. Let l be the imaginary unit, l take the values ​​1, 2, ..., L, k take the values ​​1, 2, ..., K, L is the total number of RIS units on the RIS, and K is the total number of probe antennas on the probe wall.

[0034] In one possible implementation, the second channel feature satisfies:

[0035]

[0036] in, This is the second channel feature. Let be the channel coefficient between the k-th probe antenna on the probe wall and the l-th RIS unit on the RIS, where k takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., K, l takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., L, K is the total number of probe antennas on the probe wall, and L is the total number of RIS units on the RIS.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the expression for the cascaded channel characteristics satisfies:

[0038]

[0039] in, This is an expression for the characteristics of the cascaded channel. This is the first channel feature. This is the second channel feature. This is an expression for the amplitude and phase response characteristics of RIS.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of RIS satisfy:

[0041]

[0042] in, The amplitude and phase response characteristics of RIS , , The amplitude response of the l-th RISC unit is... The phase response of the l-th RIS unit is... , ; For target channel characteristics, This is an expression for the characteristics of the cascaded channel. The norm represents the expression that minimizes the difference between the target channel characteristics and the cascaded channel characteristics.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the power characteristics of the probe wall are determined based on the target channel parameters and location information, including:

[0044] Based on the target channel parameters, the first statistical characteristic of the target channel is determined. The first statistical characteristic is used to indicate the physical state of the target channel.

[0045] Based on location information and amplitude and phase response characteristics, the expression for the second statistical characteristic between the probe wall and the device under test is determined. The second statistical characteristic is used to indicate the physical state of the channel between the probe wall and the device under test.

[0046] The power characteristics of the probe wall are determined based on the expressions for the first and second statistical characteristics.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the second statistical characteristic is the spatial correlation of the reconstructed channel; based on location information and amplitude-phase response characteristics, the expression for the second statistical characteristic between the probe wall and the device under test is determined, including:

[0048] Based on location information and amplitude and phase response characteristics, determine the first The expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling pair is as follows: the u-th sampling pair refers to the sampling pair formed by the u-th antenna element on the device under test and the array center of the device under test, where u takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., U, and U is the total number of antenna elements on the antenna array.

[0049] According to the For the expression of the reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling pair, determine the expression of the second statistical feature.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the first The expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling pair satisfies:

[0051]

[0052] in, For the first The expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling pair. For the k-th probe antenna and the 1st probe antenna The cascaded channel coefficients between antenna array elements For the k-th probe antenna and the 1st probe antenna The distance between each antenna element For the first The channel coefficient between each probe antenna and the origin of the coordinate system For the first The distance between each probe antenna and the origin of the coordinate system Let be the expression for the power characteristics of the k-th probe antenna.

[0053] In one possible implementation, the expression for the second statistical characteristic satisfies:

[0054]

[0055] in, The expression for the second statistical property. For the first The expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling pair is as follows: the u-th sampling pair refers to the sampling pair formed by the u-th antenna element on the device under test and the array center of the device under test, where u takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., U, and U is the total number of antenna elements on the antenna array.

[0056] In one possible implementation, the power characteristics of the probe wall satisfy:

[0057]

[0058] in, The power characteristics of the probe wall. The expression for the second statistical characteristic. As the first statistical characteristic, The norm represents the expression that minimizes the difference between the second statistical feature and the first statistical feature.

[0059] In one possible implementation, the reconstructed channel characteristics satisfy:

[0060]

[0061] in, Channel characteristics between the RIS and the device under test; Channel characteristics between the probe wall and the RIS; The amplitude and phase response characteristics of RIS; Between the probe wall and the device under test, The characteristics of cascaded channels; This represents the power characteristics of the probe wall.

[0062] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an air interface performance testing method for an anechoic chamber MIMO device based on a RIS (Radio Resonance Array), applied to a performance testing system. The performance testing system includes: a base station simulator, a channel simulator, an anechoic chamber, and a RIS controller. The anechoic chamber is equipped with a probe wall, a RIS, and a device under test (DUT). The RIS is positioned between the DUT and the probe wall, and the distance between the probe wall and the DUT is less than a preset threshold. The method includes:

[0063] The base station simulator and the channel simulator generate transmission signals based on the target channel parameters of the target channel to be reconstructed, and send the transmission signals to the probe wall.

[0064] The probe wall sends a transmission signal to the RIS based on its power characteristics, which are determined based on the target channel parameters and the location information of the probe wall.

[0065] The RIS modulates the amplitude and phase of the transmitted signal based on the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS and sends the modulated transmitted signal to the device under test. The amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS are determined based on the target channel parameters and the position information of the probe wall. The amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS are controlled by the RIS controller.

[0066] After receiving the amplitude-phase modulated transmission signal, the device under test reads the device's operation log to obtain the device's performance indicators under the target channel.

[0067] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction device. The anechoic chamber contains a device under test (DUT), a smart metasurface RIS, and a probe wall. The RIS is positioned between the DUT and the probe wall. The probe wall is used to transmit signals to the DUT via the RIS. The distance between the probe wall and the DUT is less than a preset threshold. The device includes a determination module and an acquisition module, wherein...

[0068] The determination module is used to determine the target channel parameters of the target channel to be reconstructed;

[0069] The acquisition module is used to acquire the location information of the device under test, RIS, and probe wall;

[0070] The determination module is also used to determine the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS based on the target channel parameters and location information. The amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS are used to indicate the amount of amplitude and phase modulation of the transmitted signal by the RIS.

[0071] The determination module is also used to determine the power characteristics of the probe wall based on the target channel parameters and location information. The power characteristics are used to indicate the transmission power of each probe on the probe wall.

[0072] The determination module is also used to determine the reconstructed channel characteristics of the reconstructed channel based on the location information, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS, and the power characteristics of the probe wall.

[0073] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including: a memory and a processor;

[0074] The memory stores the instructions that the computer executes;

[0075] The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in memory, causing the processor to perform the first aspect and / or various possible implementations of the first aspect as described above.

[0076] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the first aspect and / or various possible implementations of the first aspect.

[0077] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the second aspect and / or various possible implementations of the second aspect as described above.

[0078] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the first aspect and / or various possible implementations of the first aspect.

[0079] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the second aspect and / or various possible implementations of the second aspect as described above.

[0080] The RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method, apparatus, and electronic equipment provided in this application can determine the target channel parameters of the target channel to be reconstructed; acquire the location information of the device under test, the RIS, and the probe wall; determine the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS based on the target channel parameters and location information, whereby the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS indicate the amount of amplitude and phase modulation of the transmitted signal by the RIS; determine the power characteristics of the probe wall based on the target channel parameters and location information, whereby the power characteristics indicate the transmission power of each probe on the probe wall; and determine the reconstructed channel characteristics based on the location information, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS, and the power characteristics of the probe wall. In the above method, the distance between the probe wall and the device under test can be less than the Rayleigh distance, and the amplitude and phase modulation capability of the RIS unit can compensate for the influence of near-field effects on the wavefront characteristics of the reconstructed channel, thereby enabling the reconstruction of the far-field channel environment through a finite-sized anechoic chamber. Through the above method, channel reconstruction errors can be reduced while saving on anechoic chamber construction costs. Attached Figure Description

[0081] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0082] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a RIS-based anechoic chamber large-scale MIMO device air interface test system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0083] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 1 ;

[0084] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 2 ;

[0085] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating a RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 3 ;

[0086] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction device provided in this application;

[0087] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in this application.

[0088] The accompanying drawings have illustrated specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to specific embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0089] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0090] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0091] To facilitate understanding, the technical terms involved in the embodiments of this application will be explained first.

[0092] (1) MIMO: refers to the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitting and receiving ends of a communication link to greatly improve communication performance. MIMO is one of the key technologies in the field of communication.

[0093] (2) Massive MIMO: Based on traditional MIMO, it increases the number of antenna arrays and introduces phased array technology. It achieves beam pointing control by controlling the feed phase of each radio frequency unit of the antenna array, thereby providing additional beam gain.

[0094] (3) MPAC: refers to a measurement system used for testing the air interface performance of wireless devices. It typically uses multiple probes to accurately synthesize the channel characteristics in the required test environment. For example, the wireless device can be a mobile phone or an IoT module. The core design goal of MPAC is to efficiently and accurately simulate the real wireless signal propagation environment in a laboratory setting.

[0095] The main steps of simulating a real wireless signal propagation environment based on MPAC are as follows: convolving the transmission signal generated by the base station simulator with the simulated channel impulse response generated by the channel simulator, and then calculating the power weight of the probe antenna according to a specific channel reconstruction criterion, so that the device under test receives a fading signal equivalent to the real field environment.

[0096] MPAC-based channel reconstruction typically employs techniques such as Plane Wave Synthesis (PWS) or Pre-Faded Signal Synthesis (PFS). PWS directly synthesizes the electric field of the area where the device under test (DUT) is located, while PFS reconstructs the spatial characteristics of the target on a cluster-by-cluster basis. Currently, research on these two methods generally considers that the anechoic chamber size for MPAC should satisfy far-field conditions or be smaller than the size where near-field effects are minimal; that is, the anechoic chamber size should be greater than or equal to the maximum aperture of the DUT. and the corresponding wavelength in the operating frequency band Calculated Rayleigh distance The anechoic chamber size can refer to the distance between the device under test (DUT) and the probe antenna in the MPAC, specifically the Rayleigh distance. .

[0097] (4) Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS): This is an emerging technology with two main characteristics: "reconfigurability" and "intelligence". The "reconfigurability" of RIS is reflected in the fact that this material is based on the generalized Snell's law and can dynamically control the phase, amplitude, and polarization characteristics of the emitted electromagnetic waves through digital coding. Therefore, RIS can achieve real-time and iterative adjustment of the emitted wave characteristics through the connected controller.

[0098] The technical solution provided in this application relates to the air interface performance testing of massive MIMO devices. Currently, the air interface performance testing of massive MIMO devices mainly relies on MPAC, whose core principle is to simulate a multipath channel environment through a probe antenna array. Specifically, channel reconstruction can be performed based on MPAC, and the air interface performance of massive MIMO devices can be tested based on the reconstructed channel.

[0099] With the continuous increase in antenna array size of massive MIMO devices and the growing demand for high-frequency communication, the anechoic chamber size of MPACs needs to be significantly increased to meet far-field conditions, thus leading to a continuous increase in MPAC construction costs. To save on MPAC construction costs, the anechoic chamber size of MPACs used for air interface performance testing of massive MIMO devices often does not meet far-field conditions. Specifically, the anechoic chamber size of the MPAC does not meet far-field conditions because it is smaller than the Rayleigh distance. It should be understood that not meeting far-field conditions can also be considered under near-field conditions. However, under near-field conditions, near-field effects can affect the wavefront characteristics of the reconstructed channel, resulting in larger channel reconstruction errors.

[0100] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of this application provide a RIS-based anechoic chamber large-scale MIMO device air interface testing system and a RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method. The following describes the method in conjunction with... Figure 1 This application describes the RIS-based anechoic chamber large-scale MIMO device air interface testing system provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0101] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a RIS-based anechoic chamber large-scale MIMO device over-the-air testing system provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 1 The RIS-based anechoic chamber large-scale MIMO equipment air interface test system includes: anechoic chamber, absorbing material, probe wall, probe antenna, RIS, RIS unit, fixing device, RIS controller, base station simulator, and channel simulator, etc.

[0102] It should be noted that, Figure 1 The RIS-based anechoic chamber large-scale MIMO device over-the-air test system shown can also include more or fewer components. Figure 1 This is merely an illustrative example and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. For example, the above system may also include a base device for fixing the RIS, etc.

[0103] The walls of the anechoic chamber are covered with absorbing material. The absorbing material allows the anechoic chamber to transmit only direct signals, and not reflected or scattered signals.

[0104] Probe walls include, but are not limited to, fan-shaped probe walls, spherical probe walls, probe rails, or other forms of probe arrays. Numerous probe antennas are distributed across the probe wall.

[0105] The RIS can be of any type, ensuring good compatibility of the RIS-based anechoic chamber large-scale MIMO device air interface test system provided in this embodiment. For example, the RIS can be a projective RIS or a reflective RIS. Optionally, to avoid introducing additional active devices into the anechoic chamber, the RIS can be a passive projective RIS. The RIS has a large number of RIS cells. Additionally, the RIS can also be called a RIS panel.

[0106] The fixing device can be used to fix the device under test (DUT), which can be a massive MIMO device. For example, the fixing device can be a clamp, a turntable, etc.; the DUT can be a macro base station or a millimeter-wave small base station, etc. The DUT is equipped with an antenna array, on which a large number of antenna elements are distributed (not shown in the figure).

[0107] like Figure 1 As shown, the RIS can be positioned between the probe wall and the fixing device. In this embodiment, the transmission signal emitted by the probe antenna on the probe wall can be transmitted to the device under test after amplitude and phase modulation by the RIS unit on the RIS. The phase and amplitude responses of the RIS unit can be controlled by the RIS controller. It should be noted that the RIS unit on the RIS needs to receive the transmission signal sent by each probe antenna, and ensure that the signal emitted by the probe antenna cannot be directly transmitted to the device under test without passing through the RIS. The size of the RIS panel can be set according to this requirement. For example, using... Figure 1 For example, Figure 1 The distance between the two dashed lines in the RIS panel needs to be greater than or equal to the distance between the two dashed lines. Alternatively, when the RIS panel size is small, this requirement can be met by placing absorbing material to isolate the signal transmitted directly from the probe antenna to the device under test.

[0108] In the above system, the base station simulator can generate transmission signals. These transmission signals are convolved with the simulated channel impulse response generated by the channel simulator and then fed into the probe antennas on the probe wall connected to the channel simulator. The probe wall can transmit transmission signals to the RIS (Radio Resonance System) through its various probe antennas. The RIS can perform amplitude and phase modulation on the transmission signals through its individual RIS units and can transmit the amplitude- and phase-modulated transmission signals to the device under test.

[0109] It should be noted that, Figure 1In the RIS-based anechoic chamber air interface testing system for large-scale MIMO devices shown, the distance between the probe wall and the device under test (DUT) on the fixed device can be less than the Rayleigh distance due to the RIS configuration. This means the anechoic chamber does not need to meet far-field conditions but can provide near-field conditions. In this system, the RIS unit on the RIS can perform amplitude and phase modulation on the transmitted signal emitted from the probe wall. The amplitude and phase modulation capability of the RIS unit can compensate for the impact of near-field effects on the wavefront characteristics of the reconstructed channel, thereby effectively generating a far-field channel environment at the DUT and reducing channel reconstruction errors.

[0110] In addition, the RIS-based anechoic chamber large-scale MIMO device air interface test system provided in this embodiment does not limit the operating frequency band, communication standard, and antenna array size of the device under test, making the RIS-based anechoic chamber large-scale MIMO device air interface test system highly practical.

[0111] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0112] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 1 The execution subject of this method can be an electronic device or a RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction device installed within an electronic device. The RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction device can be implemented through software or a combination of software and hardware. For ease of understanding, the following explanation will use an electronic device as the execution subject. Figure 2 As shown, the method may include:

[0113] S201. Determine the target channel parameters of the target channel to be reconstructed.

[0114] In this embodiment, it can be based on Figure 1 The RIS-based anechoic chamber large-scale MIMO device air interface test system shown reconstructs a channel that approximates the target channel.

[0115] It should be noted that the distance between the probe wall and the device under test can be less than a preset threshold. The preset threshold can be a number less than or equal to the Rayleigh distance. The calculation method for the Rayleigh distance can be found in relevant technical documents and will not be elaborated here.

[0116] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the distance between the probe wall and the device under test is less than the Rayleigh distance. Therefore, it can be considered that channel reconstruction is performed under near-field conditions in this embodiment.

[0117] The target channel can be determined according to actual needs, and this embodiment does not limit it. For example, the target channel can be any far-field channel or a near-field channel, etc.

[0118] Target channel parameters include, but are not limited to: path loss, shadow fading and other large-scale fading parameters, cluster delay, multipath arrival angle information of the cluster, Doppler shift and small-scale fading parameters such as angle spread.

[0119] It should be noted that the methods for determining the target channel parameters can be found in relevant technologies, and will not be elaborated here.

[0120] S202. Obtain the location information of the device under test, RIS, and probe wall.

[0121] In this embodiment, the location information may include the first location information of the device under test, the second location information of the RIS, and the third location information of the probe wall.

[0122] The first location information may include the coordinates of each antenna element in the antenna array of the device under test.

[0123] The second location information may include the coordinates of each RIS unit on the RIS.

[0124] The third location information may include the coordinates of each probe antenna on the probe wall.

[0125] In this embodiment, a spatial rectangular coordinate system can be established with the center of the antenna array of the device under test as the origin. The line-of-sight direction of the antenna array of the device under test can be the positive x-axis direction of the spatial rectangular coordinate system. The horizontal direction of the probe wall can be the y-axis direction of the spatial rectangular coordinate system. The vertical direction of the ground can be the z-axis direction of the spatial rectangular coordinate system.

[0126] In this embodiment, the antenna array of the device under test can be A uniform array, each row of the antenna array has [number] antennas along the y-axis. There are antenna array elements, and each column of the antenna array has along the z-axis direction. If there are 10 antenna array elements, then the total number of antenna array elements in the antenna array is 10. Wherein, the spacing between two adjacent antenna elements in the y-axis direction is... The spacing between two adjacent antenna elements along the z-axis is also... .

[0127] Assume that the u-th antenna element on the antenna array of the device under test is located at the th antenna element in the antenna array. line, number If we consider the array, then the coordinates of the u-th antenna element can be:

[0128]

[0129] in:

[0130]

[0131] In this embodiment, K probe antennas can be installed on the probe wall, with each antenna having an equal distance from the origin of the spatial rectangular coordinate system. The K probe antennas cover a certain angular range in both the horizontal and vertical directions. At most M of the K probe antennas can be activated simultaneously. .

[0132] The three-dimensional angular coordinates of the k-th probe can be represented as: ,in: This can be the horizontal angle in the horizontal direction of the three-dimensional angular domain coordinates of the k-th probe. It can be the vertical angle of the three-dimensional angular domain coordinates of the k-th probe in the vertical direction.

[0133] In this embodiment, it is assumed that the RIS is a transmission-type RIS, therefore the RIS can be placed between the device under test and the probe wall. The RIS can be equipped with... A RIS cell array, each row of the RIS cell array has RIS cells along the y-axis. There are RIS units, and each column of the RIS unit array has RIS units along the z-axis. If there are RIS units, then the total number of RIS units on the RIS is The spacing between two adjacent RIS units along the y-axis is... The spacing between two adjacent RIS units along the z-axis is also... .

[0134] Assume the l-th RISC cell is located in the l-th position of the RISC cell array. line, number If we consider the column, then the coordinates of the l-th RISC unit can be:

[0135]

[0136] Wherein: RIS is placed perpendicular to the ground. The distance between the RIS and the device being monitored;

[0137] ;

[0138] .

[0139] S203. Determine the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS based on the target channel parameters and location information.

[0140] The amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS are used to indicate the amount of amplitude and phase modulation that the RIS exerts on the transmitted signal.

[0141] In this embodiment, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS may include the amplitude and phase response characteristics of each RIS cell on the RIS. For any given RIS cell, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS cell are used to indicate the amount of modulation of the amplitude and phase of the transmitted signal by the RIS cell.

[0142] For example, the amplitude-phase response characteristics of a RIS unit can be the amplitude-phase response function of the RIS unit; the amplitude-phase response characteristics of a RIS unit can be a matrix composed of the amplitude-phase response functions of each RIS unit.

[0143] In this embodiment, the target channel characteristics of the target channel can be determined based on the target channel parameters. The target channel characteristics are used to indicate the channel response of the target channel. Based on the location information, the expression of the cascaded channel characteristics between the probe wall and the device under test can be determined. Based on the target channel characteristics and the expression of the cascaded channel characteristics, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS can be determined.

[0144] The target channel characteristics can be defined as the channel coefficient matrix of the reconstructed channel corresponding to the target channel when the anechoic chamber size is greater than or equal to the Rayleigh distance. It should be noted that the methods for determining the target channel characteristics can be found in relevant technologies, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0145] The cascaded channel characteristics can be represented by the channel coefficient matrix of the channel between the probe wall and the device under test in the anechoic chamber.

[0146] It should be noted that the method for determining the expression of cascaded channel characteristics can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 3 Examples are not detailed here. Additionally, the expression for the cascaded channel characteristics includes the expression for the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS.

[0147] In this embodiment, the norm of the difference between the expressions of the target channel characteristics and the cascaded channel characteristics can be minimized, and the value of the characteristic expression of the amplitude-phase response of the RIS when the norm of the difference between the expressions of the target channel characteristics and the cascaded channel characteristics is minimized can be determined as the amplitude-phase response characteristic of the RIS.

[0148] S204. Determine the power characteristics of the probe wall based on the target channel parameters and location information.

[0149] The power characteristics of the probe wall are used to indicate the transmission power of each probe on the probe wall.

[0150] In this embodiment, the power characteristics of the probe wall may include the power characteristics of each probe antenna on the probe wall. The power characteristics of the probe antennas may be the power weights of the probe antennas.

[0151] Specifically, the power characteristics of the probe wall can be represented by a matrix composed of the power weights of each probe antenna.

[0152] In this embodiment, a first statistical characteristic of the target channel can be determined based on the target channel parameters. The first statistical characteristic is used to indicate the physical state of the target channel. Based on the location information and amplitude and phase response characteristics, an expression for a second statistical characteristic between the probe wall and the device under test can be determined. The second statistical characteristic is used to indicate the physical state of the channel between the probe wall and the device under test. Based on the expressions for the first and second statistical characteristics, the power characteristics of the probe wall can be determined.

[0153] The first statistical characteristic can be spatial correlation, Doppler spread, or time delay spread of the target channel, etc. It should be noted that methods for determining the first statistical characteristic of the target channel based on its parameters can be found in relevant technical documents, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0154] The second statistical characteristic can be the spatial correlation, Doppler spread, or time delay spread of the channel reconstructed in the anechoic chamber. That is, the second statistical characteristic can be the spatial correlation, Doppler spread, or time delay spread of the channel transmitted from the probe wall to the device under test. The method for determining the expression of the second statistical characteristic can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 4 Examples are not detailed here. Additionally, the expression for the second statistical characteristic includes an expression for the power characteristics of the probe wall.

[0155] In this embodiment, the first statistical feature and the second statistical feature can be calculated according to the preset channel reconstruction criteria in order to determine the power characteristics of the probe wall.

[0156] Optionally, the preset channel reconstruction criterion can be: minimizing the norm of the difference between the expression of the second statistical feature and the first statistical feature. In this way, the norm of the difference between the expression of the second statistical feature and the first statistical feature can be minimized, and the value of the expression of the power feature of the probe wall when the norm of the difference between the second statistical feature and the first statistical feature is minimized can be determined as the power feature of the probe wall.

[0157] S205. Based on the location information, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS, and the power characteristics of the probe wall, determine the reconstruction channel characteristics.

[0158] The reconstructed channel characteristics can be the reconstructed channel matrix, which is the channel reconstructed in the RIS-based anechoic chamber provided in this application embodiment. The reconstructed channel matrix is ​​used to indicate the channel between the K probe antennas on the probe wall and the U antenna elements on the device under test, after considering the power characteristics of the probe wall.

[0159] In this embodiment, the reconstructed channel characteristics satisfy:

[0160]

[0161] in, To reconstruct the channel characteristics, The channel characteristics between the RIS and the device under test. The channel characteristics between the probe wall and the RIS. The amplitude and phase response characteristics of RIS The characteristics of the cascaded channel between the probe wall and the device under test. This represents the power characteristics of the probe wall.

[0162] The RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method provided in this embodiment can determine the target channel parameters of the target channel to be reconstructed; acquire the location information of the device under test, the RIS, and the probe wall; determine the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS based on the target channel parameters and location information, which indicate the amount of amplitude and phase modulation of the transmitted signal by the RIS; determine the power characteristics of the probe wall based on the target channel parameters and location information, which indicate the transmit power of each probe on the probe wall; and determine the reconstruction channel characteristics based on the location information, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS, and the power characteristics of the probe wall. In the above method, the distance between the probe wall and the device under test can be less than the Rayleigh distance, and the amplitude and phase modulation capability of the RIS unit can compensate for the influence of near-field effects on the wavefront characteristics of the reconstructed channel. Therefore, any far-field channel environment or near-field target channel environment can be reconstructed using a finite-size anechoic chamber. This method can significantly reduce channel reconstruction errors caused by near-field effects while saving on anechoic chamber construction costs. The finite-size anechoic chamber can be called a compact anechoic chamber.

[0163] It should be noted that the power characteristics of the probe wall are real vectors describing the spatial power distribution, and are independent of the near-field effect. The expression for the cascaded channel characteristics includes the expression for the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS, and the cascaded channel characteristics can reflect the inherent near-field effect caused by the limited size of the anechoic chamber. Therefore, in the embodiments of this application, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS and the power characteristics of the probe wall can be determined separately. The methods for determining the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS and the methods for determining the power characteristics of the probe wall are described below.

[0164] First, combined Figure 3 The method for determining the amplitude and phase response characteristics of RIS is explained.

[0165] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 2 The execution subject of this method can be an electronic device or a RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction device installed within an electronic device. The RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction device can be implemented through software or a combination of software and hardware. For ease of understanding, the following explanation will use an electronic device as the execution subject. Figure 3 As shown, the method may include:

[0166] S301. Determine the target channel characteristics based on the target channel parameters.

[0167] S302. Based on the first location information and the second location information, determine the first channel characteristics between the device under test and the RIS.

[0168] The first channel characteristic is used to indicate the channel response between the device under test and the RIS.

[0169] In this embodiment, when determining the first channel feature, the channel coefficient between the antenna array element on the device under test and the RIS unit on the RIS can be determined based on the first location information and the second location information; the first channel feature is determined based on the channel coefficient between the antenna array element on the device under test and the RIS unit on the RIS.

[0170] Specifically, under line-of-sight (LoS) conditions, the channel coefficients between the antenna elements on the device under test and the RIS elements on the RIS satisfy the following formula:

[0171]

[0172] in, Let be the channel coefficient between the u-th antenna element of the device under test and the l-th RIS element on the RIS. Let AoA be the angle of arrival at the u-th antenna element. The radiation pattern of the u-th antenna element is shown. Let AoD be the departure angle at the l-th RIS unit. The radiation pattern of the l-th RIS unit is shown. For wavelength, Let be the distance between the u-th antenna element and the l-th RIS element. The imaginary unit is u, which takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., U, and l takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., L. U is the total number of antenna elements on the antenna array, and L is the total number of RIS elements on the RIS.

[0173] in, It can be determined based on the coordinates of the u-th antenna element and the coordinates of the l-th RIS unit.

[0174] Specifically, the first channel characteristic can be represented by the channel coefficient matrix between the device under test (DUT) and the RIS. The first channel characteristic satisfies the following formula:

[0175]

[0176] in, This is the first channel feature. Let be the channel coefficient between the u-th antenna element on the antenna array of the device under test and the l-th RIS unit on the RIS, where u takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., U, l takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., L, U is the total number of antenna elements on the antenna array, and L is the total number of RIS units on the RIS.

[0177] S303. Based on the second and third location information, determine the second channel characteristics between the RIS and the probe wall.

[0178] The second channel characteristic is used to indicate the channel response between the probe wall and the RIS.

[0179] In this embodiment, when determining the second channel characteristic, the channel coefficient between the probe antenna on the probe wall and the RIS unit on the RIS can be determined based on the second location information and the third location information. The second location information includes the coordinates of each RIS unit on the RIS, and the third location information includes the coordinates of each probe antenna on the probe wall. The second channel characteristic is determined based on the channel coefficient between the probe antenna on the probe wall and the RIS unit on the RIS.

[0180] Specifically, under line-of-sight conditions, the channel coefficient between the probe antenna on the probe wall and the RIS unit on the RIS satisfies:

[0181]

[0182] in, Let be the channel coefficient between the k-th probe antenna on the probe wall and the l-th RIS unit on the RIS. Let AoA be the arrival angle at the l-th RIS unit. The radiation pattern of the l-th RIS unit is shown. Let AoD be the departure angle at the k-th probe antenna. The radiation pattern of the k-th probe antenna is shown. For wavelength, Let be the distance between the l-th RIS unit and the k-th probe antenna. Let l be the imaginary unit, l take the values ​​1, 2, ..., L, k take the values ​​1, 2, ..., K, L is the total number of RIS units on the RIS, and K is the total number of probe antennas on the probe wall.

[0183] in, It can be determined based on the coordinates of the l-th RIS unit and the coordinates of the k-th probe antenna.

[0184] Specifically, the second channel characteristic can be represented by the channel coefficient matrix between the RIS and the probe wall. The second channel characteristic satisfies the following formula:

[0185]

[0186] in, This is the second channel feature. Let be the channel coefficient between the k-th probe antenna on the probe wall and the l-th RIS unit on the RIS, where k takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., K, l takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., L, K is the total number of probe antennas on the probe wall, and L is the total number of RIS units on the RIS.

[0187] S304. Determine the expression for the cascaded channel characteristics based on the first channel characteristics and the second channel characteristics.

[0188] Cascaded channel characteristics are used to indicate the channel response between the probe wall and the device under test. Cascaded channel characteristics can be represented by a channel coefficient matrix between the probe wall and the device under test.

[0189] Specifically, the expression for the cascaded channel characteristics satisfies:

[0190]

[0191] in, This is an expression for the characteristics of the cascaded channel. This is the first channel feature. This is the second channel feature. This is an expression for the amplitude and phase response characteristics of RIS.

[0192] S305. Determine the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS based on the target channel characteristics and the cascaded channel characteristics.

[0193] In this embodiment, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of RIS satisfy:

[0194]

[0195] in, The amplitude and phase response characteristics of RIS , , The amplitude response of the l-th RISC unit is... The phase response of the l-th RIS unit is... , ; For target channel characteristics, This is an expression for the characteristics of the cascaded channel. The norm represents the expression that minimizes the difference between the target channel characteristics and the cascaded channel characteristics.

[0196] In this embodiment, the target channel characteristics satisfy the following formula:

[0197]

[0198] in, Target channel characteristics; Under ideal far-field conditions, the first... The antenna array element, and the probe wall's first antenna element, Channel coefficients between individual probe antennas; Take 1, 2... , Take 1, 2... , The total number of antenna elements on the device under test under ideal far-field conditions. This represents the total number of probe antennas on the probe wall under ideal far-field conditions.

[0199] In this embodiment, under ideal far-field conditions, the first... The antenna array element, and the probe wall's first antenna element. The channel coefficients between the probe antennas satisfy the following formula:

[0200]

[0201] in, Under ideal far-field conditions, the first... The antenna array element, and the probe wall's first antenna element, Channel coefficients between individual probe antennas; For the first The angle of arrival AoA at each antenna element For the first The radiation pattern of each antenna array element For the first The departure angle AoD at the probe antenna, For the first The radiation pattern of the probe antenna. For wavelength, For the first The antenna array element and the first The distance between the probe antennas The imaginary unit, Take 1, 2... , Take 1, 2... , The total number of antenna elements on the device under test under ideal far-field conditions. This represents the total number of probe antennas on the probe wall under ideal far-field conditions.

[0202] Specifically, the amplitude-phase response characteristics of RIS can be defined as the value of the characteristic expression of the amplitude-phase response of RIS when the norm of the difference between the expressions of the target channel characteristics and the cascaded channel characteristics is minimized.

[0203] The anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method based on RIS provided in this embodiment can determine the target channel characteristics based on the target channel parameters; determine the first channel characteristics between the device under test and the RIS based on the first and second location information; determine the second channel characteristics between the RIS and the probe wall based on the second and third location information; determine the expression for the cascaded channel characteristics based on the first and second channel characteristics; and determine the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS based on the target channel characteristics and the cascaded channel characteristics. Through the above method, the purpose of determining the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS can be achieved.

[0204] Secondly, combining Figure 4 Taking the spatial correlation of the reconstructed channel as an example, the method for determining the power characteristics of the probe wall is explained.

[0205] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating a RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 3 The execution subject of this method can be an electronic device or a RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction device installed within an electronic device. The RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction device can be implemented through software or a combination of software and hardware. For ease of understanding, the following explanation will use an electronic device as the execution subject. Figure 4 As shown, the method may include:

[0206] S401. Determine the first statistical characteristic of the target channel based on the target channel parameters.

[0207] In this embodiment, the first statistical characteristic can be the spatial correlation of the target channel.

[0208] No. Spatial correlation of spatial sampling points The expression satisfies:

[0209]

[0210] in, It is the spatial angle of the angular domain direction. yes unit vector, The imaginary unit, It is the first Spatial sampling pairs and Vectors between It is the angular power spectrum of the target channel.

[0211] Therefore, the first statistical property can be satisfied as follows: .in, This is the first statistical characteristic.

[0212] It should be noted that spatial sampling methods can include black-box sampling or white-box sampling. Black-box sampling establishes a usable test area around the device under test (DUT), where the reconstructed channel meets accuracy requirements. This necessitates dense and uniform sampling across the entire spherical or ellipsoidal usable test area. White-box sampling, on the other hand, requires knowledge of the DUT's antenna configuration. Therefore, it can sample only the specific locations of each antenna element, ensuring that the reconstructed channel accuracy at each element meets requirements. This embodiment uses white-box sampling as an example and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in this application. Using black-box sampling still falls within the protection scope of this application.

[0213] S402. Based on the location information and amplitude and phase response characteristics, determine the first... An expression for the spatial correlation of the reconstructed sample pairs.

[0214] It should be noted that the first The reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling point refers to: under near-field conditions, the first... The reconstructed spatial correlation of the sampled pair.

[0215] The u-th sampling pair refers to the sampling pair formed by the u-th antenna element on the device under test and the array center of the device under test, where u takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., U, and U is the total number of antenna elements on the antenna array.

[0216] In this embodiment, the first The expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling pair satisfies:

[0217]

[0218] in, For the first The expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling pair. For the k-th probe antenna and the 1st probe antenna The cascaded channel coefficients between antenna array elements For the k-th probe antenna and the 1st probe antenna The distance between each antenna element For the first The channel coefficient between each probe antenna and the origin of the coordinate system For the first The distance between each probe antenna and the origin of the coordinate system Let be the expression for the power characteristics of the k-th probe antenna.

[0219] S403, according to the... Determine the expression for the second statistical feature based on the reconstructed spatial correlation of the sampled pairs.

[0220] In this embodiment, the expression for the second statistical feature satisfies:

[0221]

[0222] in, The expression for the second statistical property. For the first The expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling pair is as follows: the u-th sampling pair refers to the sampling pair formed by the u-th antenna element on the device under test and the array center of the device under test, where u takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., U, and U is the total number of antenna elements on the antenna array.

[0223] S404. Determine the power characteristics of the probe wall based on the expressions for the first and second statistical characteristics.

[0224] In this embodiment, the power characteristics of the probe wall satisfy:

[0225]

[0226] in, The power characteristics of the probe wall. The expression for the second statistical characteristic. As the first statistical characteristic, The norm represents the expression that minimizes the difference between the second statistical feature and the first statistical feature.

[0227] Specifically, the power characteristic of the probe wall can be the value of the expression for the power characteristic of the probe wall when the norm of the difference between the expression for the second statistical characteristic and the first statistical characteristic is minimized.

[0228] In the RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method provided in this embodiment, the first statistical characteristic of the target channel can be determined based on the target channel parameters; the second statistical characteristic can be determined based on the location information and amplitude-phase response characteristics. The expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling pair; can be derived from the first... The expression for the second statistical characteristic is determined by assessing the reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling points; and the power characteristics of the probe wall can be determined based on the expressions for the first and second statistical characteristics. This method achieves the goal of determining the power characteristics of the probe wall.

[0229] It should be noted that, Figure 3 Examples and Figure 4 The embodiments illustrate methods for determining the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS and the power characteristics of the probe wall, respectively. In some embodiments, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS and the power characteristics of the probe wall can be determined simultaneously.

[0230] Specifically, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS and the power characteristics of the probe wall satisfy the following formula:

[0231]

[0232] Alternatively, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS and the power characteristics of the probe wall satisfy the following formula:

[0233]

[0234] in, The amplitude and phase response characteristics of RIS; The power characteristics of the probe wall; This is the primary statistical characteristic; The expression for the second statistical characteristic; The reconstructed channel features are used to reconstruct the channel. This is the reconstructed channel matrix of the target channel when the size of the anechoic chamber is greater than or equal to the Rayleigh distance. Minimize and The norm of the difference and The value of ; Minimize and The norm of the difference and The value of .

[0235] in, Satisfy the following formula:

[0236]

[0237] in, The power characteristics of the probe wall under ideal far-field conditions. Satisfy the following formula:

[0238]

[0239] in, , Under ideal far-field conditions, the first The expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling pair; the first The sampling point refers to the first sample on the device under test. The sampling pairs formed by each antenna element and the array center of the device under test Take 1, 2... , This represents the total number of antenna elements on the device under test under ideal far-field conditions.

[0240] in, The method of determination and For details on the same or similar, please refer to S402. The method for determining this will not be elaborated here.

[0241] Based on any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a method for testing the air interface performance of a RIS-based anechoic chamber massive MIMO device. This RIS-based method for testing the air interface performance of a RIS-based anechoic chamber massive MIMO device is applied to a performance testing system. The performance testing system can be... Figure 1 The RIS-based anechoic chamber large-scale MIMO device over-the-air testing system shown here, and the structure of the performance testing system can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 1 This will not be elaborated upon here.

[0242] In this embodiment, the base station simulator and the channel simulator generate a transmission signal based on the target channel parameters of the target channel to be reconstructed, and send the transmission signal to the probe wall; the probe wall sends a transmission signal to the RIS based on the power characteristics of the probe wall, which are determined based on the target channel parameters and the position information of the probe wall; the RIS modulates the amplitude and phase of the transmission signal based on the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS, and sends the amplitude-modulated transmission signal to the device under test, which is determined based on the target channel parameters and the position information of the probe wall, and is controlled by the RIS controller; after receiving the amplitude-modulated transmission signal, the device under test reads the device's operation log to obtain the performance indicators of the device under test under the target channel.

[0243] The methods for determining the power characteristics of the probe wall and the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS can be found in any of the aforementioned RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction methods, which will not be elaborated here.

[0244] Performance metrics include, but are not limited to, throughput.

[0245] Specifically, a transmission signal is generated by convolving the raw signal generated by the base station simulator with the simulated channel impulse response generated by the channel simulator. The probe wall can receive this transmission signal. Each probe antenna on the probe wall can send the transmission signal to the RIS (Radio Reduction System) based on the power characteristics of the probe wall. After receiving the transmission signal from the probe wall, the RIS can modulate the amplitude and phase of the transmission signal according to its amplitude and phase response characteristics and send the modulated transmission signal to the device under test (DUT). The amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS are controlled by the RIS controller. After receiving the transmission signal from the RIS, the DUT can read its operating log to obtain performance indicators such as throughput under the target channel, thus achieving the purpose of performance testing of the DUT.

[0246] It should be noted that the specific methods for generating transmission signals using base station simulators and channel simulators can be found in relevant technologies, and will not be elaborated here.

[0247] The RIS-based method for testing the air interface performance of massive MIMO devices in an anechoic chamber, as provided in this embodiment, can achieve the purpose of testing the air interface performance of massive MIMO devices in a compact anechoic chamber, thereby reducing testing costs.

[0248] Figure 5 This application provides a schematic diagram of a RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction device. The anechoic chamber contains a device under test (DUT), a smart metasurface RIS, and a probe wall. The RIS is positioned between the DUT and the probe wall, and the probe wall transmits signals to the DUT via the RIS. The distance between the probe wall and the DUT is less than a preset threshold. Figure 5 As shown, the RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction device 10 provided in this embodiment includes: a determination module 11 and an acquisition module 12, wherein,

[0249] The determining module 11 is used to determine the target channel parameters of the target channel to be reconstructed;

[0250] The acquisition module 12 is used to acquire the location information of the device under test, the RIS, and the probe wall;

[0251] The determining module 11 is also used to determine the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS based on the target channel parameters and location information. The amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS are used to indicate the amount of modulation of the amplitude and phase of the transmitted signal by the RIS.

[0252] The determining module 11 is also used to determine the power characteristics of the probe wall based on the target channel parameters and location information. The power characteristics are used to indicate the transmission power of each probe on the probe wall.

[0253] The determination module 11 is also used to determine the reconstruction channel characteristics of the reconstruction channel based on the location information, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS, and the power characteristics of the probe wall.

[0254] The RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction device provided in this embodiment can execute the RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method provided in any of the above method embodiments. Its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and will not be described in detail here.

[0255] In one possible implementation, the determining module 11 is specifically used for:

[0256] Based on the target channel parameters, the target channel characteristics are determined, and these characteristics are used to indicate the channel response of the target channel.

[0257] Based on the location information, determine the expression for the cascaded channel characteristics between the probe wall and the device under test;

[0258] The amplitude and phase response characteristics of RIS are determined based on the expressions for the target channel characteristics and the cascaded channel characteristics.

[0259] In one possible implementation, the location information includes first location information of the device under test, second location information of the RIS, and third location information of the probe wall; the determination module 11 is specifically used for:

[0260] Based on the first location information and the second location information, a first channel characteristic between the device under test and the RIS is determined. The first channel characteristic is used to indicate the channel response between the device under test and the RIS.

[0261] Based on the second and third location information, a second channel characteristic between the RIS and the probe wall is determined. The second channel characteristic is used to indicate the channel response between the probe wall and the RIS.

[0262] Based on the first channel characteristics and the second channel characteristics, determine the expression for the cascaded channel characteristics.

[0263] In one possible implementation, the determining module 11 is specifically used for:

[0264] Based on the first location information and the second location information, the channel coefficient between the antenna array elements on the device under test and the RIS unit on the RIS is determined. The first location information includes the coordinates of each antenna array element on the device under test, and the second location information includes the coordinates of each RIS unit on the RIS.

[0265] The first channel characteristic is determined based on the channel coefficients between the antenna array elements on the device under test and the RIS units on the RIS.

[0266] In one possible implementation, the channel coefficients between the antenna array elements on the device under test and the RIS elements on the RIS satisfy:

[0267]

[0268] in, Let be the channel coefficient between the u-th antenna element of the device under test and the l-th RIS element on the RIS. Let AoA be the angle of arrival at the u-th antenna element. The radiation pattern of the u-th antenna element is shown. Let AoD be the departure angle at the l-th RIS unit. The radiation pattern of the l-th RIS unit is shown. For wavelength, Let be the distance between the u-th antenna element and the l-th RIS element. The imaginary unit is u, which takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., U, and l takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., L. U is the total number of antenna elements on the antenna array, and L is the total number of RIS elements on the RIS.

[0269] In one possible implementation, the first channel characteristic satisfies:

[0270]

[0271] in, This is the first channel feature. Let be the channel coefficient between the u-th antenna element on the antenna array of the device under test and the l-th RIS unit on the RIS, where u takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., U, l takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., L, U is the total number of antenna elements on the antenna array, and L is the total number of RIS units on the RIS.

[0272] In one possible implementation, the determining module 11 is specifically used for:

[0273] Based on the second and third location information, the channel coefficients between the probe antennas on the probe wall and the RIS units on the RIS are determined. The second location information includes the coordinates of each RIS unit on the RIS, and the third location information includes the coordinates of each probe antenna on the probe wall.

[0274] The second channel characteristics are determined based on the channel coefficients between the probe antennas on the probe wall and the RIS units on the RIS.

[0275] In one possible implementation, the channel coefficient between the probe antenna on the probe wall and the RIS unit on the RIS satisfies:

[0276]

[0277] in, Let be the channel coefficient between the k-th probe antenna on the probe wall and the l-th RIS unit on the RIS. Let AoA be the arrival angle at the l-th RIS unit. The radiation pattern of the l-th RIS unit is shown. Let AoD be the departure angle at the k-th probe antenna. The radiation pattern of the k-th probe antenna is shown. For wavelength, Let be the distance between the l-th RIS unit and the k-th probe antenna. Let l be the imaginary unit, l take the values ​​1, 2, ..., L, k take the values ​​1, 2, ..., K, L is the total number of RIS units on the RIS, and K is the total number of probe antennas on the probe wall.

[0278] In one possible implementation, the second channel characteristic satisfies:

[0279]

[0280] in, This is the second channel feature. Let be the channel coefficient between the k-th probe antenna on the probe wall and the l-th RIS unit on the RIS, where k takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., K, l takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., L, K is the total number of probe antennas on the probe wall, and L is the total number of RIS units on the RIS.

[0281] In one possible implementation, the expression for the cascaded channel characteristics satisfies:

[0282]

[0283] in, This is an expression for the characteristics of the cascaded channel. This is the first channel feature. This is the second channel feature. This is an expression for the amplitude and phase response characteristics of RIS.

[0284] In one possible implementation, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of RIS satisfy:

[0285]

[0286] in, The amplitude and phase response characteristics of RIS , , The amplitude response of the l-th RISC unit is... The phase response of the l-th RIS unit is... , ; For target channel characteristics, This is an expression for the characteristics of the cascaded channel. The norm represents the expression that minimizes the difference between the target channel characteristics and the cascaded channel characteristics.

[0287] In one possible implementation, the determining module 11 is specifically used for:

[0288] Based on the target channel parameters, the first statistical characteristic of the target channel is determined. The first statistical characteristic is used to indicate the physical state of the target channel.

[0289] Based on location information and amplitude and phase response characteristics, the expression for the second statistical characteristic between the probe wall and the device under test is determined. The second statistical characteristic is used to indicate the physical state of the channel between the probe wall and the device under test.

[0290] The power characteristics of the probe wall are determined based on the expressions for the first and second statistical characteristics.

[0291] In one possible implementation, the second statistical characteristic is the spatial correlation of the reconstructed channel; the determining module 11 is specifically used for:

[0292] Based on location information and amplitude and phase response characteristics, determine the first The expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling pair is as follows: the u-th sampling pair refers to the sampling pair formed by the u-th antenna element on the device under test and the array center of the device under test, where u takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., U, and U is the total number of antenna elements on the antenna array.

[0293] According to the For the expression of the reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling pair, determine the expression of the second statistical feature.

[0294] In one possible implementation, the first The expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling pair satisfies:

[0295]

[0296] in, For the first The expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling pair. For the k-th probe antenna and the 1st probe antenna The cascaded channel coefficients between antenna array elements For the k-th probe antenna and the 1st probe antenna The distance between each antenna element For the first The channel coefficient between each probe antenna and the origin of the coordinate system For the first The distance between each probe antenna and the origin of the coordinate system Let be the expression for the power characteristics of the k-th probe antenna.

[0297] In one possible implementation, the expression for the second statistical characteristic satisfies:

[0298]

[0299] in, The expression for the second statistical property. For the first The expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the sampling pair is as follows: the u-th sampling pair refers to the sampling pair formed by the u-th antenna element on the device under test and the array center of the device under test, where u takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., U, and U is the total number of antenna elements on the antenna array.

[0300] In one possible implementation, the power characteristics of the probe wall satisfy:

[0301]

[0302] in, The power characteristics of the probe wall. The expression for the second statistical characteristic. As the first statistical characteristic, The norm represents the expression that minimizes the difference between the second statistical feature and the first statistical feature.

[0303] In one possible implementation, the reconstructed channel characteristics satisfy:

[0304]

[0305] in, The channel characteristics between the RIS and the device under test. The channel characteristics between the probe wall and the RIS. The amplitude and phase response characteristics of RIS The characteristics of the cascaded channel between the probe wall and the device under test. This represents the power characteristics of the probe wall.

[0306] The RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction device provided in this embodiment can execute the RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method provided in any of the above method embodiments. Its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and will not be described in detail here.

[0307] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in this application. Figure 6As shown, the electronic device 20 may include a processor 21 and a memory 22, wherein the processor 21 and the memory 22 can communicate; for example, the processor 21 and the memory 22 communicate via a communication bus 23, the memory 22 is used to store computer execution instructions, and the processor 21 is used to call the computer execution instructions in the memory to execute the method shown in any of the above method embodiments.

[0308] Optionally, the electronic device 20 may also include a communication interface, which may include a transmitter and / or a receiver.

[0309] In the above embodiments, it should be understood that the processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in this invention can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0310] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device.

[0311] The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of illustration, the buses shown in the accompanying drawings are not limited to a single bus or a single type of bus.

[0312] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method.

[0313] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the above-described method.

[0314] The aforementioned readable storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. The readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0315] An exemplary readable storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the readable storage medium. Of course, the readable storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the readable storage medium can reside in an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). Alternatively, the processor and the readable storage medium can exist as discrete components in the device.

[0316] The division of units is merely a logical functional division; in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0317] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0318] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0319] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0320] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above-described method embodiments can be implemented by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs the steps of the above-described method embodiments; and the aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0321] Finally, it should be noted that other embodiments of the invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention that follow the general principles of the invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein, and is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction method, characterized in that, The darkroom contains a device under test (DUT), a smart metasurface (RIS), and a probe wall. The RIS is positioned between the DUT and the probe wall. The probe wall transmits signals to the DUT via the RIS. The distance between the probe wall and the DUT is less than a preset threshold. The method includes: Determine the target channel parameters of the target channel to be reconstructed; Acquire the location information of the device under test, RIS, and probe wall; Based on the target channel parameters and the location information, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS are determined, and the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS are used to indicate the amount of modulation of the amplitude and phase of the transmitted signal by the RIS. Based on the target channel parameters, a first statistical characteristic of the target channel is determined, which is used to indicate the physical state of the target channel; Based on the location information and the amplitude and phase response characteristics, the expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the u-th sampling pair is determined. The u-th sampling pair refers to the sampling pair formed by the u-th antenna element on the device under test and the array center of the device under test. The u takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., U, where U is the total number of antenna elements on the device under test. Based on the expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the u-th sampling pair, the expression for the second statistical characteristic between the probe wall and the device under test is determined. The second statistical characteristic is used to indicate the physical state of the channel between the probe wall and the device under test. The second statistical characteristic is the spatial correlation of the reconstructed channel. Based on the expressions of the first statistical characteristic and the second statistical characteristic, the power characteristics of the probe wall are determined, and the power characteristics are used to indicate the transmission power of each probe on the probe wall; Based on the location information, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS, and the power characteristics of the probe wall, the reconstruction channel characteristics of the reconstruction channel are determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS based on the target channel parameters and the location information includes: Based on the target channel parameters, the target channel characteristics are determined, and the target channel characteristics are used to indicate the channel response of the target channel; Based on the location information, determine the expression for the cascaded channel characteristics between the probe wall and the device under test; The amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS are determined based on the expression of the target channel characteristics and the cascaded channel characteristics.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The location information includes first location information of the device under test, second location information of the RIS, and third location information of the probe wall; the step of determining the expression for the cascaded channel characteristics between the probe wall and the device under test based on the location information includes: Based on the first location information and the second location information, a first channel feature is determined between the device under test and the RIS. The first channel feature is used to indicate the channel response between the device under test and the RIS. Based on the second location information and the third location information, a second channel feature is determined between the RIS and the probe wall, the second channel feature being used to indicate the channel response between the probe wall and the RIS; Based on the first channel feature and the second channel feature, determine the expression for the cascaded channel feature.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of determining the first channel characteristic between the device under test and the RIS based on the first location information and the second location information includes: Based on the first location information and the second location information, the channel coefficient between the antenna array elements on the device under test and the RIS unit on the RIS is determined. The first location information includes the coordinates of each antenna array element on the device under test, and the second location information includes the coordinates of each RIS unit on the RIS. The first channel characteristic is determined based on the channel coefficients between the antenna array elements on the device under test and the RIS units on the RIS.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Determining the second channel feature between the RIS and the probe wall based on the second location information and the third location information includes: Based on the second location information and the third location information, the channel coefficient between the probe antenna on the probe wall and the RIS unit on the RIS is determined. The second location information includes the coordinates of each RIS unit on the RIS, and the third location information includes the coordinates of each probe antenna on the probe wall. The second channel characteristic is determined based on the channel coefficient between the probe antenna on the probe wall and the RIS unit on the RIS.

6. A method for testing the air interface performance of a RIS-based anechoic chamber MIMO device, characterized in that, An application is made in a performance testing system, the performance testing system comprising: a base station simulator, a channel simulator, an anechoic chamber, and a RIS controller. The anechoic chamber contains a probe wall, a RIS, and a device under test (DUT). The RIS is positioned between the DUT and the probe wall, and the distance between the probe wall and the DUT is less than a preset threshold. The method includes: The base station simulator and the channel simulator generate a transmission signal based on the target channel parameters of the target channel to be reconstructed, and send the transmission signal to the probe wall; The probe wall sends the transmission signal to the RIS based on its power characteristics. The power characteristics of the probe wall are determined by using the target channel parameters to identify a first statistical characteristic of the target channel, which indicates the physical state of the target channel. Then, based on the location information and the amplitude-phase response characteristics, an expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the u-th sampling pair is determined. The u-th sampling pair refers to the sampling pair formed by the u-th antenna element on the device under test and the array center of the device under test, where u takes values ​​of 1, 2, ..., U, and U is the total number of antenna elements on the device under test. Based on the expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the u-th sampling pair, an expression for a second statistical characteristic between the probe wall and the device under test is determined. This second statistical characteristic indicates the physical state of the channel between the probe wall and the device under test. The second statistical characteristic is the spatial correlation of the reconstructed channel, determined based on the expressions for the first and second statistical characteristics. The RIS modulates the amplitude and phase of the transmitted signal according to the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS, and sends the amplitude-phase modulated transmitted signal to the device under test. The amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS are determined based on the target channel parameters and the position information of the probe wall. The amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS are controlled by the RIS controller. After receiving the amplitude-phase modulated transmission signal, the device under test reads the device's operation log to obtain the device's performance indicators under the target channel.

7. A RIS-based anechoic chamber channel reconstruction device, characterized in that, The darkroom contains a device under test (DUT), a smart metasurface (RIS), and a probe wall. The RIS is positioned between the DUT and the probe wall. The probe wall transmits signals to the DUT via the RIS. The distance between the probe wall and the DUT is less than a preset threshold. The device includes a determination module and an acquisition module. The determining module is used to determine the target channel parameters of the target channel to be reconstructed. The acquisition module is used to acquire the location information of the device under test, RIS, and probe wall; The determining module is further configured to determine the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS based on the target channel parameters and the location information, wherein the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS are used to indicate the amount of modulation of the amplitude and phase of the transmitted signal by the RIS. The determining module is further configured to determine a first statistical characteristic of the target channel based on the target channel parameters, wherein the first statistical characteristic is used to indicate the physical state of the target channel; Based on the location information and the amplitude and phase response characteristics, the expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the u-th sampling pair is determined. The u-th sampling pair refers to the sampling pair formed by the u-th antenna element on the device under test and the array center of the device under test. The u takes the values ​​1, 2, ..., U, where U is the total number of antenna elements on the device under test. Based on the expression for the reconstructed spatial correlation at the u-th sampling pair, the expression for the second statistical characteristic between the probe wall and the device under test is determined. The second statistical characteristic is used to indicate the physical state of the channel between the probe wall and the device under test. The second statistical characteristic is the spatial correlation of the reconstructed channel. Based on the expressions of the first statistical characteristic and the second statistical characteristic, the power characteristics of the probe wall are determined, and the power characteristics are used to indicate the transmission power of each probe on the probe wall; The determining module is further configured to determine the reconstructed channel characteristics of the reconstructed channel based on the location information, the amplitude and phase response characteristics of the RIS, and the power characteristics of the probe wall.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Memory, processor; The memory stores computer-executed instructions; The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory, causing the processor to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-5, or to implement the method as described in claim 6.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1-5, or implements the method of claim 6.

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