Data transmission method, device and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a data transmission method, device and system, and relates to the technical field of the nuclear industry. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first data set and a second data set; packaging the first data set into a first Ethernet data frame; packaging the second data set into a second Ethernet data frame; encoding the first Ethernet data frame to obtain a first electric signal flow, and encoding the second Ethernet data frame to obtain a second electric signal flow; and sending the first electric signal flow and the second electric signal flow to the APL field switch through the target A-type cable, so that the APL field switch sends the first electric signal flow and the second electric signal flow to the target control system under the condition that the APL field switch receives the first electric signal flow and the second electric signal flow. According to the embodiment of the invention, the method can improve or solve the integration complexity caused by coexistence of multiple protocols.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of nuclear industry technology, specifically relating to a data transmission method, device and system. Background Technology

[0002] In applications like gas-cooled microreactors, which have specific requirements for safety, reliability, and rapid deployment, efficiently and accurately acquiring signals from various front-end sensors and stably transmitting them to the upper-level control system is one of the key technological aspects for ensuring the safe operation of the reactor. The gas-cooled microreactor is a vehicle-mounted, mobile, high-temperature gas-cooled microreactor nuclear energy system.

[0003] In related technologies, the coexistence of multiple signal types in the field requires the use of different acquisition links and communication protocols to transmit them to the upper-level control system, which brings about integration complexity. These multiple signal types may include low-level analog signals and process automation bus (PA) digital signals. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this application is to provide a data transmission method, apparatus and system that addresses the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art. Using this data transmission method, the integration complexity caused by the coexistence of multiple protocols can be improved or solved.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method applied to a signal acquisition device. The signal acquisition device is connected to an Advanced Physical Layer (APL) field switch via a target Type-A cable. The APL field switch is also connected to a target control system. The method includes:

[0006] Obtain a first dataset and a second dataset; the first dataset includes a first temperature value corresponding to a thermocouple-type sensor and a second temperature value corresponding to a resistance temperature detector (RTD)-type sensor; the second dataset includes measurement values ​​from process automation PA bus instruments and engineering values ​​corresponding to target devices with standard current or voltage; the target device includes at least one of a sensor or a transmitter.

[0007] Encapsulate the first dataset into a first Ethernet data frame;

[0008] Encapsulate the second dataset into a second Ethernet data frame;

[0009] The first Ethernet data frame is encoded to obtain a first electrical signal stream, and the second Ethernet data frame is encoded to obtain a second electrical signal stream;

[0010] The first and second electrical signal streams are sent to the APL field switch via the target type A cable, so that the APL field switch, upon receiving the first and second electrical signal streams, sends the first and second electrical signal streams to the target control system.

[0011] In some embodiments of the first aspect, encoding a first Ethernet data frame to obtain a first electrical signal stream includes:

[0012] The first Ethernet data frame is converted into a three-level pulse amplitude modulation signal;

[0013] The first electrical signal stream is generated based on the forward error correction coding mechanism and the three-level pulse amplitude modulation signal.

[0014] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the process of acquiring the measured values ​​of the process automation PA bus instrument includes:

[0015] Receive and demodulate the first physical layer signal from the PA bus to obtain the first PA data frame;

[0016] Extract the measured values ​​of the PA bus instruments from the first PA data frame.

[0017] In some embodiments of the first aspect, after encoding the first Ethernet data frame to obtain the first electrical signal stream, the method further includes:

[0018] Receive DC power signal via target type A cable;

[0019] The DC power supply signal is filtered and regulated to obtain the processed DC power supply signal.

[0020] The processed DC power signal supplies power to the signal acquisition device.

[0021] Based on the same inventive concept, in a second aspect, embodiments of this application also provide a signal acquisition device, comprising:

[0022] The front-end signal acquisition module is used to acquire a first dataset; the first dataset includes a first temperature value corresponding to a thermocouple sensor and a second temperature value corresponding to a resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor; it is also used to encapsulate the first dataset into a first Ethernet data frame; it is also used to encode the first Ethernet data frame to obtain a first electrical signal stream; it is also used to send the first electrical signal stream to the APL field switch through the target A-type cable, so that the APL field switch sends the first electrical signal stream to the target control system upon receiving the first electrical signal stream;

[0023] The remote input / output (IO) module is used to acquire a second dataset; the second dataset includes measured values ​​from process automation PA bus instruments and engineering values ​​corresponding to target devices with standard current or voltage; the target devices include at least one of sensors or transmitters; it is also used to encapsulate the second dataset into a second Ethernet data frame; it is also used to encode the second Ethernet data frame to obtain a second electrical signal stream; and it is also used to send the second electrical signal stream to the APL field switch via a target Type A cable, so that the APL field switch, upon receiving the second electrical signal stream, sends the second electrical signal stream to the target control system.

[0024] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the target Type A cable includes:

[0025] A pair of twisted-pair annealed tin-plated copper conductors;

[0026] An aluminum-plastic tape is wrapped around the outside of a pair of twisted-pair annealed tin-plated copper conductors in an overlapping manner; a drain line is provided on the side of the aluminum-plastic tape wrapped around the shielding layer near the twisted-pair annealed tin-plated copper conductors; the drain line is used to provide a grounding termination path.

[0027] An insulating sheath is wrapped around the outside of the aluminum-plastic tape wrapping shielding layer.

[0028] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the front-end signal acquisition module uses an industrial-grade core chip that supports a preset temperature range and has radiation tolerance.

[0029] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the front-end signal acquisition module adopts a multi-layer printed circuit board design and is encapsulated in an all-metal shielded housing.

[0030] Based on the same inventive concept, in a third aspect, embodiments of this application provide a signal acquisition system, including an APL field switch, a target control system, and a signal acquisition device as described in any of the second aspects;

[0031] The signal acquisition device is connected to the APL field switch via a target type A cable, and the APL field switch is also connected to the target control system;

[0032] The signal acquisition device is used to determine the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream, and sends the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream to the APL field switch through the target Type A cable;

[0033] The APL field switch is used to send the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream to the target control system upon receiving the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream.

[0034] The target control system is used to receive a first electrical signal stream and a second electrical signal stream.

[0035] In some embodiments of the third aspect, the system further includes:

[0036] The fieldbus branch protector includes a main interface and multiple branch interfaces; the main interface connects to the remote I / O module of the signal acquisition device via a target Type A cable; the branch interfaces connect to PA bus instruments via target Type A cables; the fieldbus branch protector provides short-circuit protection for each branch interface.

[0037] In some embodiments of the third aspect, the system further includes:

[0038] The target physical connection interface is used to integrate multiple target Type A cables into a single connector.

[0039] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the target physical connection interface employs a push-pull or threaded locking mechanism with a self-locking function.

[0040] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the first electrical signal stream includes a first target Media Access Control (MAC) address, and the second electrical signal stream includes a second target MAC address;

[0041] APL field switches are specifically used for:

[0042] Based on the first MAC address table corresponding to the first MAC address, determine the first output port corresponding to the first electrical signal stream;

[0043] Based on the second MAC address table corresponding to the second MAC address, determine the second output port corresponding to the second electrical signal stream;

[0044] The first electrical signal stream is sent to the target control system through the first output port;

[0045] The second electrical signal stream is sent to the target control system through the second output port.

[0046] According to the data transmission method, apparatus, and system provided in the embodiments of this application, a first dataset and a second dataset are first acquired. The first dataset includes a first temperature value corresponding to a thermocouple-type sensor and a second temperature value corresponding to a resistance temperature detector (RTD)-type sensor. The second dataset includes the measurement values ​​of a process automation PA bus instrument and the engineering quantity values ​​corresponding to a target device with standard current or voltage. The target device includes at least one of a sensor or a transmitter. Next, the first dataset is encapsulated into a first Ethernet data frame. Then, the second dataset is encapsulated into a second Ethernet data frame. Next, the first Ethernet data frame is encoded to obtain a first electrical signal stream, and the second Ethernet data frame is encoded to obtain a second electrical signal stream. Then, the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream are sent to an APL field switch through a target Type A cable, so that the APL field switch, upon receiving the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream, sends the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream to the target control system. In other words, in this embodiment of the application, by encapsulating the first dataset into a first Ethernet data frame and the second dataset into a second Ethernet data frame, the measurement values ​​of the PA bus instrument are converted and encapsulated according to protocols, so that data from different bus technologies can be processed, exchanged and uploaded in the same Ethernet switching network, thereby solving the integration complexity and performance limitations caused by the coexistence of multiple protocols.

[0047] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of this disclosure, nor is it intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Other features of this disclosure will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0048] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present disclosure to explain the disclosure and do not constitute a limitation thereof. The above and other features and advantages will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0049] Figure 1 This illustration shows a flowchart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 2 This illustration shows another flowchart of the data transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 3 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a signal acquisition system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 4 This invention provides another schematic diagram of the signal acquisition system according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0053] Figure 5 This diagram illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a target type A cable provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this disclosure, exemplary embodiments of this disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments of this disclosure to aid understanding. These should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art should recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure. Similarly, for clarity and conciseness, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0055] Where there is no conflict, the various embodiments of this disclosure and the features thereof in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0056] As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more related enumerated entries.

[0057] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that when the terms “comprising” and / or “made of” are used in this specification, the presence of the stated feature, integral, step, operation, element, and / or component is specified, but the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof is not excluded. Words such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0058] Unless otherwise specified, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. It will also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and this disclosure, and will not be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning, unless expressly so defined herein.

[0059] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0060] Before introducing the data transmission method provided in the embodiments of this application, the technical terms that may be involved in the embodiments of this application will be explained.

[0061] Advanced Physical Layer (APL) bus technology: a two-wire Ethernet physical layer designed specifically for process industries;

[0062] PA bus: A process automation bus used in industrial automation systems, mainly used to connect control systems and field devices to achieve data communication and equipment control.

[0063] The relevant technologies that may be involved in the embodiments of this application will then be described.

[0064] In existing industrial automation practices, the following technical solutions are typically used for transmitting field signals: For analog signals such as temperature, field thermocouples or resistance temperature detectors are connected to remote input / output (I / O) modules or data acquisition cards via dedicated compensating wires or signal cables for signal conditioning and analog-to-digital conversion. For instruments using fieldbus technology, such as pressure and flow meters, a Process Automation Bus (PA) network conforming to the IEC 61158-2 standard is used, with a data transmission rate of 31.25 kbps. The PA bus can include PROFIBUS PA and Foundation Fieldbus H1, among others. These different acquisition links ultimately connect to the upper-level control system through their respective gateways or interfaces, resulting in the need to configure multiple conversion modules and protocol gateways in the system architecture, increasing integration complexity. Furthermore, the PA bus's transmission rate of only 31.25 kbps has become a performance bottleneck in handling the ever-increasing amount of process data and advanced diagnostic information.

[0065] The data transmission method involved in the embodiments of this application is described below.

[0066] The data transmission method provided in this application is applicable to data acquisition and industrial communication processes in nuclear energy systems, specifically to the intelligent front-end signal acquisition process of vehicle-mounted mobile high-temperature gas-cooled microreactors. This data transmission determination method can be executed by a signal acquisition device or similar device.

[0067] For example, the signal acquisition device can be connected to an APL field switch via a target Type A cable, and the APL field switch is also connected to a target control system. The signal acquisition device may include a front-end signal acquisition module and a remote I / O module. The front-end signal acquisition module may be an intelligent front-end signal acquisition module; the remote I / O module acts as a protocol conversion gateway in the system architecture; the target control system may include a fieldbus control system or a distributed control system.

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown, the data transmission method provided in this application embodiment may include steps S110 to S150.

[0069] S110. Obtain a first dataset and a second dataset; the first dataset includes a first temperature value corresponding to a thermocouple sensor and a second temperature value corresponding to a resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor; the second dataset includes the measurement value of a process automation PA bus instrument and the engineering quantity value corresponding to a target device with standard current or voltage; the target device includes at least one of a sensor or a transmitter.

[0070] S120. Encapsulate the first dataset into a first Ethernet data frame.

[0071] S130. Encapsulate the second dataset into a second Ethernet data frame.

[0072] S140. Encode the first Ethernet data frame to obtain the first electrical signal stream, and encode the second Ethernet data frame to obtain the second electrical signal stream.

[0073] S150. Send a first electrical signal stream and a second electrical signal stream to the APL field switch through the target type A cable, so that the APL field switch, upon receiving the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream, sends the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream to the target control system.

[0074] According to the data transmission method provided in the embodiments of this application, a first dataset and a second dataset are first acquired. The first dataset includes a first temperature value corresponding to a thermocouple sensor and a second temperature value corresponding to a resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor. The second dataset includes the measurement values ​​of a process automation PA bus instrument and the engineering quantity values ​​corresponding to a target device with standard current or voltage. The target device includes at least one of a sensor or a transmitter. Next, the first dataset is encapsulated into a first Ethernet data frame. Then, the second dataset is encapsulated into a second Ethernet data frame. Next, the first Ethernet data frame is encoded to obtain a first electrical signal stream, and the second Ethernet data frame is encoded to obtain a second electrical signal stream. Then, the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream are sent to an APL field switch through a target Type A cable, so that the APL field switch, upon receiving the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream, sends the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream to the target control system. In other words, in this embodiment of the application, by encapsulating the first dataset into a first Ethernet data frame and the second dataset into a second Ethernet data frame, the measurement values ​​of the PA bus instrument are converted and encapsulated according to protocols, so that data from different bus technologies can be processed, exchanged and uploaded in the same Ethernet switching network, thereby solving the integration complexity and performance limitations caused by the coexistence of multiple protocols.

[0075] The specific implementation methods for each of the above steps are described below.

[0076] In step S110, for example, the first dataset may further include first fault status information of thermocouple sensors, second fault status information of resistance temperature detectors (RTD) sensors, and a first data quality stamp of the front-end signal acquisition module. The first fault status information may include a first device status code, and the second fault status information may include a second device status code.

[0077] For example, the second dataset may also include third fault status information of the target device, second data quality stamp of the remote I / O module, and units of engineering quantity values. The third fault status information may include a third device status code.

[0078] For example, obtaining the first temperature value corresponding to a thermocouple sensor includes: receiving a microvolt or millivolt-level electromotive force voltage output by the thermocouple sensor that is related to the measured temperature; performing low-pass filtering on the electromotive force voltage to suppress high-frequency electromagnetic interference, and amplifying the low-pass filtered electromotive force voltage to obtain an amplified voltage amplitude; simultaneously, for subsequent cold junction temperature compensation, a temperature sensor integrated at the terminal of the front-end signal acquisition module measures the ambient temperature of the terminal of the front-end signal acquisition module in real time as a reference temperature; converting the amplified voltage amplitude and the reference temperature respectively to obtain a converted digital value of the thermocouple electromotive force voltage and a converted digital value of the reference temperature; and calculating the first temperature value by performing a nonlinear correction operation based on the converted digital value of the thermocouple electromotive force voltage and the converted digital value of the reference temperature.

[0079] Specifically, the process of performing nonlinear correction calculations follows the following formula (1):

[0080] (1)

[0081] in, This is the converted digital value of the thermocouple electromotive force voltage; This is the converted reference temperature numerical value; It is a nonlinear correction function stored in the memory of the signal acquisition device, which converts the electromotive force voltage into a relative temperature value according to the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) standard of the corresponding thermocouple. This is the first temperature value.

[0082] For example, obtaining the second temperature value corresponding to the resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor includes: the front-end signal acquisition module provides a high-precision constant excitation current to the RTD sensor, the excitation current flows through the RTD sensor and generates a voltage drop proportional to the resistance value across its terminals; the front-end signal acquisition module accurately measures this voltage drop and determines the current RTD value using formula (2); based on the current RTD value, the second temperature value is calculated by solving the Callendar-VanDusen equation.

[0083] Specifically, formula (2) includes:

[0084] (2)

[0085] in, The current resistance value, For the measured voltage drop, The excitation current provided to the front-end signal acquisition module.

[0086] Specifically, when At that time, the platinum resistance thermometer scale equation is: ;when At that time, the platinum resistance thermometer scale equation is: .in, This is the second temperature value; For the thermal resistance in The nominal resistance at that time; , , These are the international standard characteristic constants for the corresponding model of the RTD.

[0087] For example, obtaining the engineering quantity value corresponding to the target device with standard current or voltage includes: the current output by the target device is input to a remote IO module, the remote IO module has a built-in high-precision sampling resistor, the input current passes through the sampling resistor to generate a voltage signal proportional to the current, the voltage signal satisfies formula (3); the remote IO module performs buffering or necessary attenuation processing on the voltage signal, and filters the processed result to obtain a filtered voltage signal; the filtered voltage signal is converted to obtain a sampled voltage value; the sampled voltage value is linearly calibrated to obtain the engineering quantity value. The linear calibration operation satisfies formula (4).

[0088] Specifically, formula (3) includes: .in, The voltage signal mentioned above is the converted voltage signal value. The aforementioned current refers to the current signal value input to the front-end signal acquisition module. This is the sampling resistor.

[0089] Specifically, formula (4) includes: ;in, This refers to the sampled voltage value, i.e., the raw digital value acquired. and These represent the lower and upper limits of the range of the input signal corresponding to the original digital values; and The lower and upper limits of the output range for the target project quantity; This refers to the quantity of work completed.

[0090] For example, the electrical characteristics of the input link of a thermocouple sensor can be continuously monitored to identify and mark fault states such as open circuit or short circuit of the thermocouple sensor, obtaining a first fault identification result. Then, based on the first fault identification result, first fault state information is generated. For example, monitoring whether the original signal value of the input link of the thermocouple sensor exceeds its corresponding preset normal operating range can determine whether there is an open circuit or short circuit fault in the link where the thermocouple sensor is located, thereby obtaining the first fault identification result.

[0091] For example, by continuously monitoring the electrical characteristics of the input link of a resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor, fault states such as open circuit or short circuit of the RTD sensor can be identified and marked to obtain a second fault identification result. Then, based on the second fault identification result, second fault status information can be generated. For example, by monitoring whether the original signal value of the input link of the RTD sensor exceeds its corresponding preset normal operating range, it can be determined whether there is an open circuit or short circuit fault in the link where the RTD sensor is located, so as to obtain the second fault identification result.

[0092] For example, the first internal health status parameters, such as the operating temperature and power supply voltage of the signal acquisition device, can be obtained through auxiliary sensors inside the signal acquisition device, and then a first data quality stamp can be generated based on the first internal health status parameters.

[0093] In some implementations, the process of acquiring measurement values ​​from process automation PA bus instruments includes:

[0094] Receive and demodulate the first physical layer signal from the PA bus to obtain the first PA data frame;

[0095] Extract the measured values ​​of the PA bus instruments from the first PA data frame.

[0096] For example, the processor of the remote I / O module receives and demodulates the first physical layer signal from the PA bus to obtain the first PA data frame, and then performs a protocol decoding operation to parse and extract the instrument measurement value of the PA bus, the third fault status information and the second data quality stamp from the first PA data frame.

[0097] Specifically, after receiving the Manchester encoded signal (i.e., the first physical layer signal) from the PA bus, the remote IO module first performs physical layer demodulation to restore the Manchester encoded signal to a digital bit stream. Then, the processor performs complete data link layer and application layer protocol stack decoding on the digital bit stream to accurately extract information such as the instrument measurement value of the PA bus, the third fault status information, and the second data quality stamp.

[0098] In step S120, exemplarily, the first Ethernet data frame includes a first destination Media Access Control (MAC) address, a first source MAC address, a first type / length field, a first payload field, and a first frame check sequence (FCS). The destination MAC address and source MAC address are used for network addressing; the type / length field is used to identify the upper-layer protocol type; the payload field is used to carry structured data; and the frame check sequence is used for data integrity verification.

[0099] For example, the first dataset is used as the payload to construct a standard Ethernet data frame, resulting in the first Ethernet data frame. That is, by encapsulating the first dataset into the first Ethernet data frame, the measurement data (i.e., the first temperature value and the second temperature value) and diagnostic metadata (i.e., the first device status information, the second device status information, and the first data quality stamp, etc.) from different sensors are uniformly formatted into data units that can be recognized and processed by Ethernet devices.

[0100] In step S130, for example, the second Ethernet data frame includes a second destination MAC address, a second source MAC address, a second type / length field, a second data payload field, and a second frame check sequence.

[0101] For example, the processor of the remote I / O module re-encapsulates the second dataset as application layer data using the Ethernet protocol. This encapsulation process includes adding upper-layer protocol headers such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) / Internet Protocol (IP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP) / IP to the second dataset, and then constructing an Ethernet data frame (i.e., the second Ethernet data frame). This frame contains a target MAC address pointing to the final control system (i.e., the second target MAC address), its own MAC address as the source address (i.e., the second source MAC address), a type field (i.e., the second type / length field), and a frame check sequence for verification (i.e., the second frame check sequence).

[0102] In step S140, in some embodiments, the first Ethernet data frame is encoded to obtain a first electrical signal stream, including:

[0103] The first Ethernet data frame is converted into a three-level pulse amplitude modulation signal;

[0104] The first electrical signal stream is generated based on the forward error correction coding mechanism and the three-level pulse amplitude modulation signal.

[0105] Specifically, the first Ethernet data frame is converted from a binary data bitstream into a three-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-3) signal; and redundant information is added to the PAM-3 signal using a forward error correction (FEC) coding mechanism to generate a first electrical signal stream. This redundant information enables the target control system to actively detect and correct a certain number of transmission errors upon receiving the first electrical signal stream. Thus, through the FEC coding mechanism, transmission errors can be actively corrected, thereby ensuring the integrity of the data link.

[0106] It should be noted that the signal rate of the first electrical signal stream obtained after encoding is 10 Mbps, and its electrical characteristics are suitable for long-distance transmission over a single pair of twisted-pair cables. Furthermore, the first electrical signal stream conforms to the 10 Mbps, baseband, single-pair twisted-pair, long-distance Ethernet (10BASE-T1L) physical layer standard.

[0107] For example, the second Ethernet data frame can be encoded using the 10BASE-T1L physical layer within the APL communication unit of the remote IO module to obtain the second electrical signal stream.

[0108] In step S150, for example, the front-end signal acquisition module sends a first electrical signal stream to the APL field switch through a target Type A cable; the remote IO module sends a second electrical signal stream to the APL field switch through another target Type A cable.

[0109] In some implementations, after encoding the first Ethernet data frame to obtain the first electrical signal stream, the method further includes:

[0110] Receive DC power signal via target type A cable;

[0111] The DC power supply signal is filtered and regulated to obtain the processed DC power supply signal.

[0112] The processed DC power signal supplies power to the signal acquisition device.

[0113] For example, while the target Type A cable sends the first electrical signal stream to the APL field switch, DC power is superimposed onto the same pair of conductors carrying the first electrical signal stream via the APL field switch or dedicated power supply equipment. This DC power is transmitted along the target Type A cable to the front-end signal acquisition module. Inside the front-end signal acquisition module, after filtering and voltage regulation by the power management circuit, it provides the necessary power to all electronic units within the module. In other words, by using Type A cables in the APL link to simultaneously transmit data and power the front-end signal acquisition device, single-cable concurrent transmission of data and power can be achieved, effectively reducing the number of cables and wiring complexity required in the field.

[0114] For example, the first electrical signal stream includes a first target MAC address, and the second electrical signal stream includes a second target MAC address. When the APL field switch receives the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream, it determines the first output port corresponding to the first electrical signal stream according to the first MAC address table corresponding to the first MAC address; it determines the second output port corresponding to the second electrical signal stream according to the second MAC address table corresponding to the second MAC address; it sends the first electrical signal stream to the target control system through the first output port; and it sends the second electrical signal stream to the target control system through the second output port.

[0115] In other words, the APL field switch, as the core switching node of the data link layer, processes each Ethernet data frame (i.e., the first Ethernet data frame and the second Ethernet data frame) received from each input port. This processing includes: reading the destination MAC address (i.e., the first destination MAC address and the second destination MAC address) contained in the Ethernet data frame header, and determining, based on its internally dynamically learned and maintained MAC address tables (i.e., the first MAC address table and the second MAC address table), which determines whether the Ethernet data frame needs to be forwarded to a specific output port (i.e., the first output port and the second output port). This switching mechanism can improve or resolve data conflicts in traditional bus architectures, ensuring the communication bandwidth of each link.

[0116] It's important to note that the system-level integration of APL and PA buses does not involve mixing and transmitting the two signals in a single physical channel. Instead, it's achieved through two core mechanisms: physical media compatibility and protocol conversion at the system architecture level. The physical basis of this integration principle lies in the fact that all bus cabling within the system uses a uniformly sized Type A cable. The electrical characteristics of this Type A cable, including its characteristic impedance, attenuation constant, and shielding effectiveness, meet both the IEEE 802.3cg standard requirements for 10BASE-T1L (APL) communication and the IEC 61158-2 standard requirements for Type A fieldbus (PA bus) communication. This physical media compatibility allows a single type of cable to be used to build both high-speed APL Ethernet links and traditional PA bus segments.

[0117] To better understand the data transmission method provided in the embodiments of this application, the following description is provided in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0118] When the data transmission methods of related technologies are directly applied to vehicle-mounted mobile high-temperature gas-cooled microreactors, a series of problems are exposed:

[0119] 1. Complex system integration architecture and limited performance: The coexistence of multiple signal types in the field (such as low-level analog signals and PA bus digital signals) requires different acquisition links and communication protocols, resulting in the need to configure multiple conversion modules and protocol gateways in the system architecture, increasing the complexity of integration. At the same time, the PA bus's transmission rate of only 31.25 kbps has become a performance bottleneck in carrying the ever-increasing process data and advanced diagnostic information.

[0120] 2. Redundant physical cabling does not meet the requirements of mobility: In traditional solutions, signal / communication cables and power supply cables are laid independently. This "multi-cable" mode increases the weight, size, and installation workload of the cabling system. This contradicts the design goals of lightweight, compact, and highly integrated mobile nuclear power systems.

[0121] 3. The connection method cannot meet the requirements of rapid deployment and high reliability: The point-by-point wiring method using screw terminals is cumbersome and time-consuming during on-site installation and commissioning. More importantly, for vehicle-mounted mobile platforms, this connection method may loosen due to vibration during transportation and operation, affecting the long-term reliability of the connection and failing to meet the needs of mobile systems for rapid and reliable docking.

[0122] Based on this, embodiments of this application provide an intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition method (i.e., data transmission method) applied to a vehicle-mounted mobile high-temperature gas-cooled microreactor. This method aims to achieve efficient acquisition, integration, conversion, and reliable transmission of various heterogeneous signals in the field through a unified physical layer architecture and modular processing flow. (Refer to...) Figures 2 to 5 The data transmission method may specifically include steps S100 to S500.

[0123] Step S100 involves the acquisition and conditioning of multi-source heterogeneous signals. This step is performed by one or more intelligent front-end signal integration acquisition modules 10 (i.e., front-end acquisition modules) installed in the system. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10 has multiple configurable input channels for connecting to different types of sensors 20 deployed on-site at the gas-cooled microreactor.

[0124] For thermocouple type 21 sensors, the signal conditioning unit 11 of the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10 receives the microvolt or millivolt-level electromotive force voltage output by the module, which is related to the measured temperature. Simultaneously, for subsequent cold junction temperature compensation, the temperature sensor 12 integrated at the terminal of the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10 measures the ambient temperature of the module's terminal in real time as a reference temperature. The signal conditioning unit 11 performs low-pass filtering on the received electromotive force voltage to suppress high-frequency electromagnetic interference and amplifies the signal to obtain a voltage amplitude suitable for subsequent digital processing.

[0125] For RTD 22 type sensors (such as Pt100 or Cu50), the signal conditioning unit 11 of the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10 provides a high-precision constant excitation current to the RTD 22. The excitation current flows through the thermal resistor 22, generating a voltage drop across it that is proportional to the resistance value. The signal conditioning unit 11 accurately measures this voltage drop. The current thermal resistance value is determined by the following formula (2). :

[0126] (2)

[0127] in, The measured real-time resistance value of the thermal resistor. The measured voltage drop, The excitation current value provided to the signal conditioning unit 11. This resistance value... It is passed to subsequent processing steps.

[0128] For sensors or transmitters that output standard 4-20mA current signals, i.e., sensors or transmitters 23 that output standard current or voltage signals, their output current... The input is sent to the processor of the remote I / O module. The processor of this remote I / O module has a built-in high-precision sampling resistor. Input current The current flowing through the sampling resistor generates a voltage signal proportional to the input current. The relationship is as follows:

[0129] (3)

[0130] in, The converted voltage signal value. The input current signal value, This is the resistance value of the sampling resistor. Voltage signal. It then undergoes buffering and filtering.

[0131] For sensors or transmitters that output standard 0-10V voltage signals, i.e., sensors or transmitters 23 that output standard current or voltage signals, the processor of the remote I / O module directly receives the voltage signal. Depending on the signal amplitude, the processor of the remote I / O module can perform buffering or necessary attenuation processing on the input voltage and filter it for subsequent digitization.

[0132] Following step S100, the method continues with step S200, performing digitization and integration processing of the signal. This step is executed by the digitization and processing unit 13 within the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10. The digitization and processing unit 13 may include an analog-to-digital converter 131 and a microcontroller unit 132.

[0133] Analog-to-digital converter 131, such as a 24-bit high-precision Σ-Δ analog-to-digital converter, receives various conditioned analog voltage signals from signal conditioning unit 11. Analog-to-digital converter 131 samples these voltage signals and converts them into high-resolution raw digital values ​​for subsequent processing by microcontroller unit 132.

[0134] For the signal from thermocouple 21, microcontroller unit 132 compares the digitized electromotive force voltage value with the digitized reference temperature. The values ​​are combined, and the final measured temperature is calculated by performing a nonlinear correction operation. The calculation process follows the formula (1):

[0135] (1)

[0136] in, This is the digital value of the thermocouple electromotive force voltage after conversion by analog-to-digital converter 131; The digital value of the cold junction reference temperature after conversion by analog-to-digital converter 131; It is a nonlinear correction function stored in the memory of the microcontroller unit 132, which converts the electromotive force voltage into a relative temperature value according to the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) standard of the corresponding thermocouple.

[0137] For the signal from the thermistor 22, the microcontroller unit 132 determines the resistance value based on the resistance value determined in step S100. The actual temperature is calculated by solving the Callendar-Van Dusen equation. .

[0138] when When, the equation is:

[0139] ;

[0140] when When, the equation is:

[0141] ;

[0142] in, The measured resistance value; For the thermal resistance in The nominal resistance at that time; , , These are the international standard characteristic constants for the corresponding model of the RTD.

[0143] For signals from standard current or voltage sensors, the remote I / O module performs a linear scaling operation on the digitized sampled voltage value, converting it into the corresponding engineering quantity value. The calculation process is as follows:

[0144] (4)

[0145] in, The original digital values ​​collected; and These represent the lower and upper limits of the range of the input signal corresponding to the original digital values; and This sets the lower and upper limits of the target project quantity output range.

[0146] The integrated processing also includes the microcontroller unit 132 performing online self-diagnosis and health status assessment. This diagnostic process specifically includes: continuously monitoring the electrical characteristics of the sensor input links to identify and mark fault states such as open circuits or short circuits in the sensors; and periodically reading auxiliary sensor data from the intelligent front-end signal integration acquisition module 10 to obtain internal health status parameters such as the module's operating temperature and power supply voltage.

[0147] Finally, the microcontroller unit 132 integrates the calculated engineering quantity data with the device status code, data quality stamp, and internal health status parameters generated after diagnosis into a structured dataset. This dataset provides a complete set of information containing measurement values ​​and diagnostic metadata for subsequent data encapsulation steps.

[0148] After generating a structured dataset containing complete measurement and diagnostic information, the method continues to encapsulate and encode the dataset using a unified protocol for transmission on the bus.

[0149] Following step S200, the method continues with step S300, performing unified protocol data encapsulation and encoding. This step is primarily executed collaboratively by the microcontroller unit 132 and the APL communication unit 14 within the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10.

[0150] First, the microcontroller unit 132 uses the structured dataset generated in step S200 as the payload to construct a standard Ethernet data frame. The structure of this data frame includes: destination MAC address and source MAC address fields for network addressing; a type / length field for identifying the upper-layer protocol type; a data payload field carrying the structured data; and a Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field for data integrity verification. Through this encapsulation process, measurement data and diagnostic metadata from different sensors are uniformly formatted into data units that can be recognized and processed by Ethernet devices.

[0151] Subsequently, the microcontroller unit 132 transmits the completed Ethernet data frame to the APL communication unit 14. The APL communication unit 14 integrates a physical layer transceiver conforming to the IEEE 802.3cg (10BASE-T1L) standard. After receiving the bit stream of the Ethernet data frame, the physical layer transceiver performs physical layer encoding operations.

[0152] The physical layer coding operation specifically includes: converting the binary data bitstream into a three-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-3) signal; and integrating a forward error correction (FEC) coding mechanism. This mechanism adds redundant information to the data at the transmitting end, enabling the receiving end to actively detect and correct a certain number of transmission errors. The encoded signal rate is 10 Mbps, and its electrical characteristics are suitable for long-distance transmission over a single pair of twisted-pair cables.

[0153] Finally, the APL communication unit 14 outputs an electrical signal stream conforming to the 10BASE-T1L physical layer standard, which is ready to be sent to the bus medium.

[0154] After completing the unified protocol encapsulation and encoding of the data, the method continues to perform data transmission and power supply to the front-end modules on the bus architecture.

[0155] Following step S300, the method proceeds to step S400, which performs data transmission and power supply based on a hybrid bus architecture. Step S400 utilizes a standardized Type A cable 30 as the physical transmission medium, simultaneously supporting Advanced Physical Layer (APL) communication links and Process Automation (PA) bus communication links.

[0156] For the APL communication link, the 10BASE-T1L signal encoded in step S300 is transmitted to an A-type cable (i.e., the target A-type cable) 30 via the APL communication unit 14 of the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10. Simultaneously, a DC power supply is superimposed onto the same pair of conductors carrying the data signal via the APL field switch 40 or a dedicated power supply device. This DC power supply is transmitted along the A-type cable 30 to the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10. Inside the module, after filtering and voltage regulation by the power management circuit, it provides the necessary power to all electronic units within the module, thus achieving concurrent single-cable transmission of data and power.

[0157] For the PA bus communication link, a traditional PA bus instrument 50 is connected to a fieldbus branch protector 60 via a type A cable 30. Signals generated by the PA bus instrument 50 that conform to protocols such as PROFIBUS PA or Foundation Fieldbus H1 are transmitted within this PA bus segment.

[0158] The data fusion process in this method is executed in the remote I / O module 70. The fieldbus branch protector 60 connects the PA bus segment to the PA bus interface of the remote I / O module 70. Inside the remote I / O module 70, its processor first receives and demodulates the physical layer signals from the PA bus, and then performs protocol decoding to parse and extract the core process measurement values ​​and equipment status information from the PA data frames.

[0159] Next, the processor of the remote I / O module 70 repackages the extracted PA process data into a new data payload. This payload is then packaged into a standard Ethernet data frame, with a format compatible with the APL data frame directly generated by the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10. This newly generated Ethernet data frame is sent out through the APL uplink port of the remote I / O module 70 itself. This process achieves protocol-level conversion and system-level integration of PA bus data to Ethernet data.

[0160] This hybrid transmission is made possible by the physical characteristics of Type A cable 30, including its characteristic impedance, attenuation constant, and shielding effectiveness, all of which are designed to simultaneously meet the requirements of the IEEE 802.3cg standard for 10BASE-T1L cables and the IEC 61158-2 standard for Type A fieldbus cables. This compatibility of physical media allows the system to use a single type of cable to build different bus segments.

[0161] After completing the transmission and protocol conversion of APL and PA data, the method continues to perform the final exchange and upload of the aggregated Ethernet data stream.

[0162] Following step S400, the method finally executes step S500 to aggregate and upload the data. (See appendix.) Figure 1 This step is performed by the APL field switch 40 deployed in the system.

[0163] Ethernet data frames directly generated by the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10, and Ethernet data frames generated after protocol conversion by the remote IO module 70, are both sent through their respective Type A cables 30 and aggregated to multiple input ports of the APL field switch 40. At this stage, process data and diagnostic data from different sources have been unified into a standard Ethernet data frame format.

[0164] As the core switching node of the data link layer, the APL field switch 40 processes every Ethernet data frame received from its input ports. This processing includes reading the destination MAC address contained in the data frame header and, based on its internally dynamically learned and maintained MAC address table, determining the specific output port to which the data frame needs to be forwarded. This switching mechanism avoids data collisions found in traditional bus architectures, ensuring the communication bandwidth of each link.

[0165] One or more uplink ports of the APL field switch 40 are connected to the upper-level fieldbus control system or distributed control system 80. All data frames whose destination addresses point to the control system are selectively forwarded by the switch 40 through its uplink ports, thereby uploading the integrated and fused data streams from the entire front-end acquisition system to the monitoring layer in a unified manner, completing the end-to-end data acquisition and uploading process from field instruments to the control system.

[0166] This concludes the description of the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition method based on a gas-cooled microreactor provided in Embodiment 1 of this application. The system used to execute this method will now be described in detail.

[0167] like Figure 4 As shown, the signal acquisition system provided in this application embodiment can be used to execute the above data transmission method.

[0168] The intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition system may include: one or more intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition modules 10, one or more remote IO modules 70, an APL field switch 40, and one or more fieldbus branch protectors 60. These components together constitute a hybrid bus communication architecture.

[0169] The intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10 is used to directly connect to field sensors such as thermocouples 21 or resistance temperature detectors 22, perform signal acquisition and processing, and encapsulate the final data into an APL Ethernet signal. The remote I / O module 70 is used to connect to sensors or transmitters 23 that output standard current or voltage signals and provides an access point for the PA bus network segment. The fieldbus branch protector 60 is used to connect one or more traditional PA bus instruments 50 and connect their respective bus network segments to the remote I / O module 70.

[0170] The APL field switch 40, as the data aggregation node of the system, is connected to the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10 and the remote IO module 70 through its downlink port, respectively, to receive APL Ethernet data streams, and to upload the aggregated data to the upper-level fieldbus control system or distributed control system 80 through its uplink port.

[0171] All communication links in the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition system are constructed using Type A cables 30 with uniform physical characteristics. These Type A cables 30 also provide power to front-end devices such as the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10.

[0172] In addition, to adapt to the needs of vehicle-mounted mobile deployment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the external electrical interface of the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition system adopts the target physical connection interface 90. This interface integrates the communication lines of multiple Type A cables 30 into a single connector to achieve fast and reliable connection between the system and external field cables.

[0173] See attached document Figure 4 The intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10, such as the intelligent temperature front-end TM58A0, has a specially designed internal hardware architecture to ensure high reliability and long-term stability in the specific operating environment of the gas-cooled microreactor. The hardware architecture of this module may include: a signal conditioning unit 11, a temperature sensor 12, a digitization and processing unit 13, an APL communication unit 14, and an isolated power supply module 15.

[0174] The signal conditioning unit 11 is used to filter, amplify, or attenuate the input raw analog signal. The temperature sensor 12, physically adjacent to the thermocouple terminals, is used to accurately measure the cold junction reference temperature. The digitization and processing unit 13, integrating an analog-to-digital converter 131 and a microcontroller unit 132, is responsible for converting the conditioned analog signal into a digital signal and executing subsequent algorithms. The APL communication unit 14, integrating a physical layer transceiver, is responsible for performing 10BASE-T1L physical layer encoding and signal transmission and reception. The isolated power supply module 15 provides electrically isolated power to the analog and digital circuits within the module.

[0175] The design for the special characteristics of the gas-cooled microreactor environment is reflected in two aspects: component selection and electromagnetic compatibility design.

[0176] In terms of component selection, core semiconductor devices such as the microcontroller unit 132, analog-to-digital converter 131, and APL physical layer transceiver are all industrial-grade or higher models that support a wide operating temperature range of -40℃ to 85℃ to ensure normal operation of the system under extreme climatic conditions encountered during vehicle-mounted mobile deployment. Simultaneously, some key chips were selected with specific radiation tolerance capabilities or ruggedized designs to cope with the radiation environment generated during the operation of the gas-cooled microreactor, ensuring the long-term operational reliability of the module.

[0177] In terms of electromagnetic compatibility design, this module employs a multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB) design, with complete ground and power planes to suppress high-frequency noise and crosstalk. In terms of circuit layout, analog signal areas and digital signal areas are physically isolated, and critical signal traces undergo strict impedance control and grounding treatment. The isolated power supply module 15 internally achieves electrical isolation between the front-end analog circuitry and the back-end digital circuitry, effectively suppressing the conduction of common-mode interference. The entire module is encapsulated in a fully shielded metal housing to resist interference from strong external electromagnetic fields. These designs collectively ensure the module's signal acquisition accuracy and communication stability under strong electromagnetic interference environments such as the start-up and shutdown of large electrical equipment within nuclear power systems.

[0178] The following section will provide a detailed explanation of the signal processing algorithm principles executed within this module.

[0179] The microcontroller unit 132 of the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10 runs a specific signal processing algorithm to convert the digitized raw values ​​into engineering quantity data with clear physical meaning and integrate diagnostic information.

[0180] For the measurement signal from thermocouple 21, microcontroller unit 132 performs nonlinear correction and cold junction compensation calculations. This calculation uses the following formula to determine the measured temperature. :

[0181] (1)

[0182] in, The final calculated measured temperature (i.e., the first temperature value); This is the digital value of the thermocouple electromotive force voltage after conversion by analog-to-digital converter 131; The digital value of the cold junction reference temperature after conversion by analog-to-digital converter 131; This is a nonlinear correction function stored in the memory of the microcontroller unit 132. This function is based on the ITS-90 international temperature scale and converts electromotive force to temperature through table lookup or polynomial fitting.

[0183] For the measurement signal of the RTD 22, the microcontroller unit 132 determines the value of the measured resistance based on the measured resistance value. Solve the Callendar-Van Dusen equation to calculate the actual temperature. When calculated Not less than When the equation to be solved is:

[0184] ;

[0185] When calculated Below When the equation to be solved is:

[0186] ;

[0187] in, The measured resistance value; For this thermal resistor in The nominal resistance value at that time; , , It is a preset characteristic constant of thermal resistance that conforms to international standards.

[0188] For standard analog signals, the microcontroller unit 132 performs a linear scaling operation, converting the original digital value... Convert to engineering quantity value The calculation process is as follows:

[0189] (4);

[0190] in, The original digital values ​​collected; and These are the digital values ​​corresponding to the lower and upper limits of the input signal range; and The lower and upper limits of the set output range for the engineering quantity.

[0191] The algorithm also includes an integrated online diagnostic process. The microcontroller unit 132 executes this process periodically, which includes: monitoring whether the raw signal values ​​of the sensor input channels exceed a preset normal operating range, thereby determining whether there is an open or short circuit fault in the sensor link; and reading auxiliary sensors inside the module to obtain status parameters such as the module's operating temperature and power supply voltage. The microcontroller unit 132 generates these diagnostic results and status parameters into specific device status codes and data quality stamps.

[0192] Finally, the microcontroller unit 132 organizes the calculated engineering quantity data, along with the generated device status code and data quality stamp, into a structured dataset for subsequent protocol encapsulation.

[0193] The hybrid bus communication architecture in this system will be described in detail below.

[0194] The intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition system of this application embodiment adopts a hybrid bus communication architecture. The functions and roles of the network components in this architecture, such as the APL field switch 40, the remote IO module 70, and the fieldbus branch protector 60, are described below.

[0195] The APL field switch 40 is the core of the system's data aggregation and switching. It is configured with multiple downlink APL ports and at least one uplink port. The downlink APL ports are used to connect to the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10 and the remote I / O module 70, respectively, receiving APL Ethernet data frames sent by them. Simultaneously, the APL field switch 40 provides power to the connected devices through the downlink APL ports. The uplink port is used to connect to the upper-level fieldbus control system or distributed control system 80, and uploads the aggregated data uniformly. The APL field switch 40 forwards data based on the destination MAC address in the Ethernet data frame, enabling data exchange between different links.

[0196] The remote I / O module 70, such as the UIO831-S01, serves as the system's protocol conversion and signal access gateway. It is configured with an interface for connecting to the PA bus network segment and an analog input channel for receiving standard current or voltage signals. The core function of the remote I / O module 70 is to receive and decode signals from the PA bus, extract process data and device status information, and then re-encapsulate this information into standard APL Ethernet data frames. This module sends the encapsulated Ethernet data frames to the APL field switch 40 via its own APL uplink, thereby achieving protocol-level conversion and integration of traditional PA bus data into the APL Ethernet architecture.

[0197] The fieldbus branch protector 60, such as the FSP160, is used to construct a physically reliable PA bus segment. It includes a trunk interface and multiple branch interfaces. Branch interfaces connect to one or more PA bus instruments 50. The trunk interface connects to the PA bus interface of the remote I / O module 70. This component provides independent short-circuit protection for each branch interface, automatically isolating the branch when a short-circuit fault occurs in a PA bus instrument 50 or its cable, thus not affecting normal communication between the PA bus trunk and other branches.

[0198] The collaborative work of these network components forms the basis for the system-level integration of the APL and PA buses in the embodiments of this application. The specific principles of this integration will be explained in detail below.

[0199] The system-level integration of APL and PA buses is not achieved by mixing and transmitting the two signals in a single physical channel, but by two core mechanisms: physical medium compatibility and protocol conversion at the system architecture level.

[0200] The physical basis of this convergence principle lies in the fact that all bus cabling within the system uses a uniform specification Type A cable 30. The electrical characteristics of this Type A cable 30, including its characteristic impedance, attenuation constant, and shielding effectiveness, simultaneously meet the design specifications of the IEEE 802.3cg standard for 10BASE-T1L (APL) communication and the IEC 61158-2 standard for Type A fieldbus (PA bus) communication. This physical media compatibility allows a single type of cable to be used to build both high-speed APL Ethernet links and traditional PA bus segments.

[0201] The core of this fusion principle lies in the remote I / O module 70. This module acts as a protocol conversion gateway in the system architecture. Its specific working process is as follows: First, the remote I / O module 70 receives Manchester-encoded physical signals conforming to the IEC 61158-2 standard from the PA bus instrument 50 through its PA bus interface.

[0202] Next, the processor inside the remote I / O module 70 performs complete protocol stack decoding on the received PA bus signal. This process includes physical layer demodulation, data link layer frame parsing, and application layer data extraction. Through this decoding process, the module can accurately extract the core data payloads transmitted by the PA bus instrument 50, such as process measurements, equipment status, and diagnostic information.

[0203] Then, the processor of the remote I / O module 70 repackages the extracted core data payload according to the Ethernet protocol specification. Specifically, the repackaging process involves using the core data payload as a data field and adding the destination MAC address, source MAC address, type field, and frame check sequence to it, thereby constructing a standard Ethernet data frame that is completely consistent with the APL data frame format generated by the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10.

[0204] Ultimately, this newly constructed Ethernet data frame is transmitted to the APL communication unit of the remote IO module 70, encoded via the 10BASE-T1L physical layer, and then sent to the APL field switch 40 through its APL uplink port. In this way, data originating from the PA bus instrument 50 is seamlessly and transparently converted and integrated into the APL Ethernet data stream at the system level.

[0205] The following is an example of a system workflow.

[0206] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 The following uses the temperature measurement signal of thermocouple 21 as an example to illustrate the processing flow and data flow of the APL signal in the system of this application embodiment.

[0207] A thermocouple 21, with its measuring end placed at the process point to be measured, has its terminals connected to the input terminal of an intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10. The thermocouple 21 generates a millivolt-level electromotive force voltage signal based on the temperature difference between its measuring end and the terminal.

[0208] The electromotive force voltage signal first enters the signal conditioning unit 11 inside the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module 10 for filtering and amplification. At the same time, the temperature sensor 12, which is physically adjacent to the terminal, measures the temperature of the terminal as the cold junction reference temperature.

[0209] The conditioned electromotive force voltage signal and the cold junction reference temperature signal are both sent to the digitization and processing unit 13. The analog-to-digital converter 131 in the digitization and processing unit 13 converts these two analog signals into digital values. Subsequently, the microcontroller unit 132 performs the following calculations to determine the final measured temperature. :

[0210] (1)

[0211] in, For the digitized thermocouple electromotive force and voltage; For digital cold junction reference temperature; This is a nonlinear correction function based on the ITS-90 temperature scale stored in the microcontroller unit 132.

[0212] The microcontroller unit 132 calculates the temperature value. Together with the sensor status codes generated by online diagnostics and the module's own health status parameters, these are encapsulated into a structured dataset. This dataset, as the payload, is further encapsulated into a standard Ethernet frame, which contains the destination MAC address, source MAC address, and frame check sequence.

[0213] The Ethernet data frame is then passed to the APL communication unit 14, whose internal physical layer transceiver encodes the data frame into a 10BASE-T1L standard PAM-3 electrical signal and sends it to the Type A cable 30.

[0214] The APL signal carrying the temperature data is transmitted via Type A cable 30 to a downstream port of the APL field switch 40. The APL field switch 40 parses the destination MAC address of the Ethernet data frame and, according to its internal MAC address table, forwards the data frame from its upstream port, ultimately uploading it to the fieldbus control system or distributed control system 80.

[0215] Through the above process, an analog signal originating from a field thermocouple is completely converted into digital information and transparently transmitted to the upper-level monitoring system. The following will use a signal from a PA bus instrument as an example to illustrate its connection to this system.

[0216] Reference Figure 3 The following uses the signal of a PA bus instrument 50 (taking a PA pressure transmitter as an example) as an example to illustrate the process of connecting it to the system of this application embodiment and realizing data fusion.

[0217] A PA pressure transmitter, acting as a PA bus instrument 50, is installed in the field process piping to measure the pressure of the medium. The transmitter performs the pressure measurement itself and encodes the measured value and equipment status information into a digital signal conforming to the PROFIBUS PA or Foundation Fieldbus H1 protocol. This signal is transmitted as a Manchester-encoded electrical signal via a Type A cable 30.

[0218] Type A cable 30 connects the PA pressure transmitter to the branch interface of a fieldbus branch protector 60. The main interface of the fieldbus branch protector 60 is then connected to the PA bus interface of a remote I / O module 70 via another Type A cable 30. The signal from the PA pressure transmitter is transmitted within this PA bus segment.

[0219] The remote I / O module 70 is crucial for protocol conversion and data fusion. Upon receiving the Manchester-encoded signal from the PA bus segment, its internal processor first performs physical layer demodulation, restoring the electrical signal to a digital bitstream. Subsequently, the processor performs complete data link layer and application layer protocol stack decoding on this bitstream, accurately extracting the core data payload, which includes pressure measurement values, units, data quality stamps, and transmitter diagnostic status codes.

[0220] After acquiring the core data payload, the processor of the remote I / O module 70 treats it as application layer data and re-encapsulates it using the Ethernet protocol. This process includes adding upper-layer protocol headers such as TCP / IP or UDP / IP to the data payload, and then constructing an Ethernet data frame. This frame contains the target MAC address pointing to the final control system, its own MAC address as the source address, a type field, and a frame check sequence for verification.

[0221] The newly generated Ethernet data frame, carrying data originating from the PA pressure transmitter, is transmitted to the APL communication unit of the remote IO module 70. This communication unit performs 10BASE-T1L physical layer encoding and sends the generated APL signal to the APL field switch 40 via its APL uplink.

[0222] After receiving the APL Ethernet data frame, the APL field switch 40 forwards the data frame to the upper-level fieldbus control system or distributed control system 80 through its uplink port according to its target MAC address.

[0223] 1. The core of this application's embodiment lies in using a remote I / O module as a protocol conversion gateway. This module can completely decode the signals from traditional PA bus instruments at the protocol stack level and repackage them into standard Ethernet data frames that are completely consistent with the output of the intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition module. This process, combined with the unified use of Type A cables (i.e., the target Type A cable) in the physical medium, allows data streams originating from two different bus technologies to seamlessly converge in the APL field switch. Ultimately, the system utilizes APL technology (10BASE-T1L) to increase the data transmission rate to 10 Mbps, achieving a significant performance increase compared to the traditional PA bus (31.25 kbps), providing ample bandwidth for carrying richer diagnostic and equipment information in the future.

[0224] 2. This embodiment of the application achieves concurrent transmission over a single cable by using Type A cables to simultaneously transmit data and power front-end devices (such as intelligent front-end signal integration and acquisition modules) in the APL link, effectively reducing the number of cables and wiring complexity required on-site. Furthermore, the highly reliable physical connection interface, specifically designed for vehicle-mounted mobile deployment, integrates multiple Type A cables into a single connector, enabling the entire field acquisition system to be used immediately upon connection. This significantly shortens the time required for on-site installation, commissioning, and maintenance, and enhances the system's rapid deployment capability.

[0225] 3. Through multi-level reliability design, signal acquisition accuracy and communication stability are ensured even in harsh nuclear-grade environments. At the hardware level, the intelligent front-end signal integration acquisition module utilizes industrial-grade core chips that support a wide operating temperature range and possess radiation tolerance. It also employs electromagnetic compatibility designs such as a full-metal shielded shell and multi-layered PCB isolation layout to effectively resist strong electromagnetic interference. At the communication protocol level, the forward error correction coding mechanism integrated into the APL communication unit actively corrects transmission errors, ensuring the integrity of the data link. Simultaneously, for the PA bus segment, the independent short-circuit protection function provided by the fieldbus branch protector effectively isolates single-point faults, ensuring the high reliability and robustness of the entire hybrid architecture system.

[0226] Based on the same inventive concept, embodiments of this application provide a signal acquisition device, including a front-end signal acquisition module and a remote I / O module.

[0227] The front-end signal acquisition module is used to acquire a first dataset; the first dataset includes a first temperature value corresponding to a thermocouple sensor and a second temperature value corresponding to a resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor; it is also used to encapsulate the first dataset into a first Ethernet data frame; it is also used to encode the first Ethernet data frame to obtain a first electrical signal stream; it is also used to send the first electrical signal stream to the APL field switch through the target A-type cable, so that the APL field switch sends the first electrical signal stream to the target control system upon receiving the first electrical signal stream;

[0228] The remote input / output (IO) module is used to acquire a second dataset; the second dataset includes measured values ​​from process automation PA bus instruments and engineering values ​​corresponding to target devices with standard current or voltage; the target devices include at least one of sensors or transmitters; it is also used to encapsulate the second dataset into a second Ethernet data frame; it is also used to encode the second Ethernet data frame to obtain a second electrical signal stream; and it is also used to send the second electrical signal stream to the APL field switch via a target Type A cable, so that the APL field switch, upon receiving the second electrical signal stream, sends the second electrical signal stream to the target control system.

[0229] According to the data transmission apparatus provided in the embodiments of this application, a first dataset and a second dataset are first acquired. The first dataset includes a first temperature value corresponding to a thermocouple-type sensor and a second temperature value corresponding to a resistance temperature detector (RTD)-type sensor. The second dataset includes the measured values ​​of a process automation PA bus instrument and the engineering quantity values ​​corresponding to a target device with standard current or voltage. The target device includes at least one of a sensor or a transmitter. Next, the first dataset is encapsulated into a first Ethernet data frame. Then, the second dataset is encapsulated into a second Ethernet data frame. Next, the first Ethernet data frame is encoded to obtain a first electrical signal stream, and the second Ethernet data frame is encoded to obtain a second electrical signal stream. Then, the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream are sent to an APL field switch through a target Type A cable, so that the APL field switch, upon receiving the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream, sends the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream to the target control system. In other words, in this embodiment of the application, by encapsulating the first dataset into a first Ethernet data frame and the second dataset into a second Ethernet data frame, the measurement values ​​of the PA bus instrument are converted and encapsulated according to protocols, so that data from different bus technologies can be processed, exchanged and uploaded in the same Ethernet switching network, thereby solving the integration complexity and performance limitations caused by the coexistence of multiple protocols.

[0230] In some implementations, such as Figure 5 As shown, the target Type A cable has a specific multi-layer structure to ensure that it meets both the PA bus physical layer requirements and the APL Ethernet physical layer transmission performance requirements. Specifically, the target Type A cable 30 includes:

[0231] A pair of twisted-pair annealed tin-plated copper conductors 31;

[0232] The aluminum-plastic tape wrapping shielding layer 32 is wrapped around the outside of a pair of twisted annealed tin-plated copper conductors 31 in an overlapping manner; a drain line 33 is provided on the side of the aluminum-plastic tape wrapping shielding layer 32 near the twisted annealed tin-plated copper conductors 31; the drain line 33 is used to provide a grounding termination path.

[0233] An insulating sheath 34 is wrapped around the outside of the aluminum-plastic tape wrapping shielding layer 32.

[0234] Specifically, the core of the target Type A cable 30 is a pair of twisted, annealed, tin-plated copper conductors 31. The annealing treatment gives the conductors good flexibility, facilitating field wiring; the tin plating provides excellent oxidation and corrosion resistance, and helps to achieve reliable electrical connections. The twisted structure of the two conductors can effectively cancel common-mode noise generated by external low-frequency magnetic field interference.

[0235] Furthermore, an aluminum-plastic tape wrapped shielding layer 32 is provided outside the twisted-pair annealed tin-plated copper conductor 31. This aluminum-plastic tape wrapped shielding layer 32 is wrapped in an overlapping manner to ensure that its shielding coverage of the internal conductor is not less than 100%, thus forming a complete electrostatic shielding layer. This aluminum-plastic tape wrapped shielding layer 32 can effectively couple high-frequency electromagnetic interference to ground, preventing it from interfering with the differential signals transmitted internally. A drain line 33 is also provided in conjunction with the aluminum-plastic tape wrapped shielding layer 32 to provide a low-impedance grounding termination path for the aluminum-plastic tape wrapped shielding layer 32.

[0236] Furthermore, the electrical characteristics of the shielding layer, combined with the wire diameter and conductor spacing of the twisted-pair annealed tin-plated copper conductors 31, ensure that the target Type A cable 30 has a stable characteristic impedance of 100 ohms at a 10MHz operating frequency, and meets the stringent requirements of the IEEE 802.3cg standard for insertion loss and return loss. The outermost layer is an insulating sheath 34, providing mechanical protection and resistance to environmental corrosion for the entire cable.

[0237] It should be noted that the target type A cable structure not only provides a high-quality transmission channel for high-frequency, broadband APL signals, but is also fully compatible with low-frequency PA bus signals, providing a basis for different communication protocols within the system to share the same physical medium.

[0238] In some implementations, the front-end signal acquisition module uses an industrial-grade core chip that supports a preset temperature range and has radiation tolerance.

[0239] For example, the core semiconductor devices in the front-end signal acquisition module are all industrial-grade or higher models that support a wide operating temperature range of -40℃ to 85℃ (i.e., the preset temperature range) to ensure normal operation of the system under extreme climatic conditions encountered during vehicle-mounted mobile deployment. At the same time, some key chips are selected with specific radiation tolerance capabilities or hardened designs to cope with the radiation environment generated during the operation of the gas-cooled microreactor and ensure the long-term operational reliability of the module.

[0240] In some implementations, the front-end signal acquisition module employs a multi-layer printed circuit board design and is encapsulated within a fully metal shielded housing.

[0241] For example, in terms of electromagnetic compatibility design, the front-end signal acquisition module adopts a multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB) design, with complete ground and power planes to suppress high-frequency noise and crosstalk. In terms of circuit layout, analog signal areas and digital signal areas are physically isolated, and critical signal traces undergo strict impedance control and grounding treatment. An isolated power supply module within the front-end signal acquisition module achieves electrical isolation between the front-end analog circuitry and the back-end digital circuitry, effectively suppressing the conduction of common-mode interference. The entire front-end signal acquisition module is encapsulated in a fully shielded metal housing to resist interference from strong external electromagnetic fields. These designs collectively ensure the signal acquisition accuracy and communication stability of the front-end signal acquisition module in environments with strong electromagnetic interference, such as the start-up and shutdown of large electrical equipment in nuclear power systems.

[0242] In other words, in this embodiment, multi-level reliability design ensures signal acquisition accuracy and communication stability under harsh nuclear-grade environments. At the hardware level, the front-end signal acquisition module uses an industrial-grade core chip that supports a wide operating temperature range and has radiation tolerance, and adopts electromagnetic compatibility designs such as a full metal shielded shell and multi-layer PCB isolation layout to effectively resist strong electromagnetic interference.

[0243] In some implementations, the front-end signal acquisition module is specifically used for:

[0244] The second Ethernet data frame is converted into a three-level pulse amplitude modulation signal;

[0245] The first electrical signal stream is generated based on the forward error correction coding mechanism and the three-level pulse amplitude modulation signal.

[0246] In some implementations, the remote I / O module is specifically used for:

[0247] Receive and demodulate the first physical layer signal from the PA bus to obtain the first PA data frame;

[0248] Extract the measured values ​​of the PA bus instruments from the first PA data frame.

[0249] In some implementations, the front-end signal acquisition module is also used for:

[0250] Receive DC power signal via target type A cable;

[0251] The DC power supply signal is filtered and regulated to obtain the processed DC power supply signal.

[0252] The processed DC power signal supplies power to the signal acquisition device.

[0253] The signal acquisition device provided in this application embodiment can be used to execute the data transmission method, that is, it has the beneficial effects and implementation methods of the data transmission device provided in the above-mentioned embodiments. For details, please refer to the specific description of the data transmission device in the above embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0254] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a signal acquisition system. The signal acquisition system includes an APL field switch, a target control system, and the aforementioned signal acquisition device.

[0255] The signal acquisition device is connected to the APL field switch via a target type A cable, and the APL field switch is also connected to the target control system.

[0256] The signal acquisition device is used to determine the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream, and sends the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream to the APL field switch through the target Type A cable;

[0257] The APL field switch is used to send the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream to the target control system upon receiving the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream.

[0258] The target control system is used to receive a first electrical signal stream and a second electrical signal stream.

[0259] In some implementations, the system further includes:

[0260] The fieldbus branch protector includes a main interface and multiple branch interfaces; the main interface connects to the remote I / O module of the signal acquisition device via a target Type A cable; the branch interfaces connect to PA bus instruments via target Type A cables; the fieldbus branch protector provides short-circuit protection for each branch interface.

[0261] Specifically, fieldbus branch protectors, such as the FSP160, are used to construct a physically reliable PA bus segment. They include a trunk interface and multiple branch interfaces. Branch interfaces connect to one or more PA bus instruments. The trunk interface connects to the PA bus interface of remote I / O modules. This component provides independent short-circuit protection for each branch interface, automatically isolating the branch when a short-circuit fault occurs in a PA bus instrument or its cable, thus ensuring uninterrupted communication between the PA bus trunk and other branches.

[0262] In some implementations, to meet the requirements of rapid connection and disconnection in vehicle-mounted mobile deployment scenarios of gas-cooled microreactors, the system also includes:

[0263] The target physical connection interface is used to integrate multiple target Type A cables into a single connector.

[0264] For example, the target physical connection interface can be a high-reliability physical connection interface, which can be used to integrate the physical connection requirements of multiple independent target Type A cables into a single connector with quick plug-in capability.

[0265] For example, the target physical connection interface consists of a socket fixedly mounted on the system rack and a plug that terminates multiple target Type A cables in the field. This design simplifies the previously required multi-cable connection operation into a one-time plug-and-unplug action.

[0266] Furthermore, the internal structural design of the target physical connection interface ensures signal integrity. Inside the plug and socket, the twisted-pair annealed tinned copper conductors and their drain lines of each target Type A cable are terminated to independent, highly conductive contact pins. The arrangement of these pins inside the connector is optimized to maintain the electrical isolation of each signal and ensure the continuity of the shielding layer, thereby minimizing impedance changes and crosstalk when the signal crosses the connection point.

[0267] In some implementations, to ensure the physical reliability of the connection, the target physical connection interface adopts a push-pull or threaded locking mechanism with a self-locking function.

[0268] In this embodiment, the target physical connection interface employs a push-pull or threaded locking mechanism with a self-locking function to prevent connection interruption under vibration or accidental pulling. Its housing is made of metal, providing excellent electromagnetic shielding performance and mechanical strength. The interface has a protection rating of at least IP67, ensuring connection reliability in harsh environments such as dust and humidity.

[0269] In some implementations, the first electrical signal stream includes a first target Media Access Control (MAC) address, and the second electrical signal stream includes a second target MAC address;

[0270] APL field switches are specifically used for:

[0271] Based on the first MAC address table corresponding to the first MAC address, determine the first output port corresponding to the first electrical signal stream;

[0272] Based on the second MAC address table corresponding to the second MAC address, determine the second output port corresponding to the second electrical signal stream;

[0273] The first electrical signal stream is sent to the target control system through the first output port;

[0274] The second electrical signal stream is sent to the target control system through the second output port.

[0275] The signal acquisition system provided in this application includes the signal acquisition device described above, which has the beneficial effects and implementation methods of the signal acquisition device provided in this application. For details, please refer to the specific description of the signal acquisition device in the above embodiments. This embodiment will not repeat the description here.

[0276] It is understood that the various method embodiments mentioned above in this disclosure can be combined with each other to form combined embodiments without violating the principle and logic. Due to space limitations, this disclosure will not elaborate further. Those skilled in the art will understand that in the above methods of specific implementation, the specific execution order of each step should be determined by its function and possible internal logic.

[0277] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of an instruction containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. In some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the blocks may occur in a different order than those shown in the drawings. For example, two consecutive blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowcharts, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or action, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0278] Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and while specific terminology has been used, it is for illustrative purposes only and should be construed as such, and is not intended to be limiting. In some instances, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that features, characteristics, and / or elements described in connection with particular embodiments may be used alone, or in combination with features, characteristics, and / or elements described in connection with other embodiments, unless otherwise expressly indicated. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure as set forth by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A data transmission method, characterized in that, This is applied to a signal acquisition device, which is connected to an Advanced Physical Layer (APL) field switch via a target Type-A cable. The APL field switch is also connected to a target control system. The method includes: Acquire a first dataset and a second dataset; the first dataset includes a first temperature value corresponding to a thermocouple-type sensor and a second temperature value corresponding to a resistance temperature detector (RTD)-type sensor; the second dataset includes measurement values ​​from process automation PA bus instruments and engineering quantity values ​​corresponding to target devices with standard current or voltage; the target device includes at least one of a sensor or a transmitter. Encapsulate the first dataset into a first Ethernet data frame; The second dataset is encapsulated into a second Ethernet data frame; The first Ethernet data frame is encoded to obtain a first electrical signal stream, and the second Ethernet data frame is encoded to obtain a second electrical signal stream; The first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream are sent to the APL field switch via the target type A cable, so that the APL field switch, upon receiving the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream, sends the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream to the target control system.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of encoding the first Ethernet data frame to obtain the first electrical signal stream includes: The first Ethernet data frame is converted into a three-level pulse amplitude modulation signal; A first electrical signal stream is generated based on the forward error correction coding mechanism and the three-level pulse amplitude modulation signal.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of acquiring measured values ​​from process automation PA bus instruments includes: Receive and demodulate the first physical layer signal from the PA bus to obtain the first PA data frame; Extract the measurement values ​​of the PA bus instrument from the first PA data frame.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After encoding the first Ethernet data frame to obtain the first electrical signal stream, the method further includes: Receive DC power signal through the target type A cable; The DC power signal is filtered and regulated to obtain the processed DC power signal; The processed DC power signal supplies power to the signal acquisition device.

5. A signal acquisition device, characterized in that, include: The front-end signal acquisition module is used to acquire the first dataset. The first dataset includes a first temperature value corresponding to a thermocouple-type sensor and a second temperature value corresponding to a resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor. It is also used to encapsulate the first dataset into a first Ethernet data frame; it is also used to encode the first Ethernet data frame to obtain a first electrical signal stream; it is also used to send the first electrical signal stream to the APL field switch through the target Type A cable, so that the APL field switch sends the first electrical signal stream to the target control system upon receiving the first electrical signal stream; A remote input / output (IO) module is used to acquire a second dataset; the second dataset includes measured values ​​from process automation PA bus instruments and engineering values ​​corresponding to target devices with standard current or voltage; the target device includes at least one of a sensor or a transmitter; the module is also used to encapsulate the second dataset into a second Ethernet data frame; to encode the second Ethernet data frame to obtain a second electrical signal stream; and to send the second electrical signal stream to the APL field switch via the target Type A cable, so that the APL field switch, upon receiving the second electrical signal stream, sends the second electrical signal stream to the target control system.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The target Type A cable includes: A pair of twisted-pair annealed tin-plated copper conductors; An aluminum-plastic tape is wrapped around the outside of a pair of twisted-pair annealed tin-plated copper conductors in an overlapping manner; a drain line is provided on the side of the aluminum-plastic tape wrapped around the shielding layer near the twisted-pair annealed tin-plated copper conductors; the drain line is used to provide a grounding termination path; An insulating sheath is wrapped around the outside of the aluminum-plastic tape wrapping shielding layer.

7. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The front-end signal acquisition module uses an industrial-grade core chip that supports a preset temperature range and has radiation tolerance.

8. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The front-end signal acquisition module adopts a multi-layer printed circuit board design and is encapsulated in a full metal shielded shell.

9. A signal acquisition system, characterized in that, Includes an APL field switch, a target control system, and a signal acquisition device as described in any one of claims 5 to 8; The signal acquisition device is connected to the APL field switch via a target type A cable, and the APL field switch is also connected to the target control system. The signal acquisition device is used to determine the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream, and to send the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream to the APL field switch through the target Type A cable; The APL field switch is used to send the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream to the target control system upon receiving the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream. The target control system is used to receive the first electrical signal stream and the second electrical signal stream.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The system also includes: The fieldbus branch protector includes a main interface and multiple branch interfaces; the main interface is connected to the remote I / O module of the signal acquisition device via the target Type A cable; the branch interfaces are connected to PA bus instruments via the target Type A cable; the fieldbus branch protector is used to provide short-circuit protection for each of the branch interfaces.

11. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The system also includes: The target physical connection interface is used to integrate multiple target Type A cables into a single connector.

12. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The target physical connection interface adopts a push-pull or threaded locking mechanism with self-locking function.

13. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first electrical signal stream includes a first target Media Access Control (MAC) address, and the second electrical signal stream includes a second target MAC address; The APL field switch is specifically used for: The first output port corresponding to the first electrical signal stream is determined based on the first MAC address table corresponding to the first MAC address. Based on the second MAC address table corresponding to the second MAC address, determine the second output port corresponding to the second electrical signal stream; The first electrical signal stream is sent to the target control system through the first output port; The second electrical signal stream is sent to the target control system through the second output port.

Images