Sensing method and device based on single sensing signal

Abstract

A method in which a first device performs wireless communication and a device supporting the same are provided. A first device may: transmit a first sensing signal block including M samples; receiving a second sensing signal block reflected from the second device as the first sensing signal; converting the second sensing signal block into a third sensing signal block based on the delay spread; acquiring a fourth sensing signal block by copying the third sensing signal block N times; and performing an N * M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) on the fourth sensing signal block.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The disclosure relates to a wireless communication system. BACKGROUND

[0002] 5G NR is a successor technology of long term evolution (LTE), and is a new and innovative mobile communication system having characteristics such as high performance, low latency, high availability, etc. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, including low frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz, etc.

[0003] 6G (wireless communication) systems have purposes such as (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-less IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligent with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can include four aspects such as intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements shown in Table 1 below. That is, Table 1 shows the requirements of the 6G system.

[0004] [table 1]

[0005] SUMMARY

[0006] TECHNICAL SOLUTION

[0007] Based on the embodiments of the disclosure, a method for performing wireless communication by a first device can be provided. For example, the method can include transmitting a first sensing signal block including M samples, obtaining a second sensing signal block by mixing a received signal in which the first sensing signal block is reflected from a second device with the first sensing signal block, converting the second sensing signal block into a third sensing signal block based on a delay spread, obtaining a fourth sensing signal block by copying the third sensing signal block N times, and performing N*M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) for the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

[0008] Based on embodiments of the disclosure, a first device suitable for performing wireless communication can be provided. For example, the first device can include at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one memory connected with the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, can cause the first device to perform operations including transmitting a first sensing signal block including M samples, obtaining a second sensing signal block by mixing a received signal in which the first sensing signal block is reflected from a second device with the first sensing signal block, converting the second sensing signal block into a third sensing signal block based on a delay spread, obtaining a fourth sensing signal block by copying the third sensing signal block N times, and performing an N*M-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) for the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

[0009] Based on embodiments of the disclosure, a processing device suitable for controlling a first device can be provided. For example, the processing device can include at least one processor and at least one memory connected with the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, can cause the first device to perform operations including transmitting a first sensing signal block including M samples, obtaining a second sensing signal block by mixing a received signal in which the first sensing signal block is reflected from a second device with the first sensing signal block, converting the second sensing signal block into a third sensing signal block based on a delay spread, obtaining a fourth sensing signal block by copying the third sensing signal block N times, and performing an N*M-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) for the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

[0010] Based on embodiments of the disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the first device can be caused to perform operations including transmitting a first sensing signal block including M samples, obtaining a second sensing signal block by mixing a received signal in which the first sensing signal block is reflected from a second device with the first sensing signal block, converting the second sensing signal block into a third sensing signal block based on a delay spread, obtaining a fourth sensing signal block by copying the third sensing signal block N times, and performing an N*M-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) for the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the value of N and the value of M are positive integers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 A communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system based on embodiments of the disclosure is illustrated.

[0012] Figure 2 An electromagnetic spectrum based on embodiments of the disclosure is illustrated.

[0013] Figure 3 An example of a transparent payload based NTN typical scenario based on embodiments of the disclosure is shown.

[0014] Figure 4 An example of a regenerative payload based NTN typical scenario based on embodiments of the disclosure is shown.

[0015] Figure 5 An example of a sensing operation based on embodiments of the disclosure is shown.

[0016] Figure 6 A structure of a slot of a frame based on embodiments of the disclosure is shown.

[0017] Figure 7 An example of a BWP based on embodiments of the disclosure is shown.

[0018] Figure 8 A procedure for a UE to perform V2X or SL communication based on a resource allocation mode based on embodiments of the disclosure is shown.

[0019] Figure 9 An example of an architecture of a 5G system capable of positioning a UE with access to a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) or E-UTRAN based on embodiments of the disclosure is shown.

[0020] Figure 10 An example of a network implementing for measuring a location of a UE based on embodiments of the disclosure is shown.

[0021] Figure 11 An example of a protocol layer used to support LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) messaging between an LMF and a UE based on embodiments of the disclosure is shown.

[0022] Figure 12 An example of a protocol layer used to support NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transfer between an LMF and a NG-RAN node based on embodiments of the disclosure is shown.

[0023] Figure 13 Is a diagram for explaining an OTDOA positioning method based on embodiments of the disclosure.

[0024] Figure 14 A bilateral RTT based on embodiments of the disclosure is shown.

[0025] Figure 15 A radar system in units of chirp signal blocks of M samples length based on embodiments of the disclosure is shown.

[0026] Figure 16A transmitted chirp block waveform based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0027] Figure 17 A channel impulse response of an overall transmit / receive channel based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0028] Figure 18 A received chirp block waveform based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0029] Figure 19 An M-point FFT output signal for a received chirp block based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0030] Figure 20 A reconstructed received single chirp block waveform based on an embodiment of the present disclosure can be shown.

[0031] Figure 21 A copied and reconstructed received N consecutive chirp block waveform based on an embodiment of the present disclosure can be shown.

[0032] Figure 22 A reconstructed backscatter detection radar system based on an embodiment of the present disclosure for N consecutive M-sample sensing signal blocks is shown.

[0033] Figure 23 A reconstructed backscatter detection radar system based on an embodiment of the present disclosure for consecutive N-sample sensing signal blocks is shown.

[0034] Figure 24 A detection signal waveform of a continuous chirp signal based radar system based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0035] Figure 25 A method for a first apparatus to perform wireless communication based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0036] Figure 26 A method for a second apparatus to perform wireless communication based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0037] Figure 27 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0038] Figure 28 A wireless apparatus based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0039] Figure 29 A signal processing circuit for transmitting a signal based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0040] Figure 30Another example of a wireless device based on an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated.

[0041] Figure 31 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated.

[0042] Figure 32 A vehicle or autonomous vehicle based on an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In the disclosure, "A or B" can mean "A only," "B only," or "both A and B." In other words, in the disclosure, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in the disclosure, "A, B, or C" can mean "A only," "B only," "C only," or "any combination of A, B, and C."

[0044] A slash ( / ) or comma used in the disclosure can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Thus, "A / B" can mean "A only," "B only," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0045] In the disclosure, "at least one of A and B" can mean "A only," "B only," or "both A and B." In addition, in the disclosure, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" can be interpreted as "at least one of A and B."

[0046] In addition, in the disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" can mean "A only," "B only," "C only," or "any combination of A, B, and C." In addition, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" can mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0047] In addition, parentheses used in the disclosure can mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," this can mean that "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, the "control information" of the disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDDCH" can be proposed as an example of "control information." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)," this can also mean that "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information."

[0048] In the following description, "when, if, or in the event that" can be replaced with "based on."

[0049] The technical features described in one drawing in the disclosure can be implemented separately, or can be implemented simultaneously.

[0050] In the disclosure, a higher layer parameter can be a parameter configured, preconfigured, or predefined for a UE. For example, a base station or a network can transmit a higher layer parameter to a UE. For example, a higher layer parameter can be transmitted through radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0051] In the disclosure, "configured / being configured or defined / being defined" can be interpreted as being configured or preconfigured for an apparatus through pre-defined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or a network. In the disclosure, "configured / being configured or defined / being defined" can be interpreted as being preconfigured for an apparatus.

[0052] The technology described below can be used in various wireless communication systems such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), etc. The CDMA can be implemented by a radio technology such as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA-2000. The TDMA can be implemented by a radio technology such as global system for mobile communications (GSM) / general packet radio service (GPRS) / enhanced data rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). The OFDMA can be implemented by a radio technology such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), long term evolution (LTE), 5G NR, etc.

[0053] The technology proposed in the disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technology, and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, the 6G system can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0054] Figure 1 A communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. Figure 1 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0055] In 6G, new network characteristics can be as follows.

[0056] - Satellite integrated network

[0057] - Interworking intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative, and wireless evolution can be updated from “interworking things” to “interworking intelligence.” AI can be applied in every step of the communication process (or every signal processing process, which will be described below).

[0058] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer.

[0059] - Ubiquitous hyper-three-dimensional connectivity: Access to network and core network functions for drones and low earth orbit satellites will establish hyper-3D connectivity in 6G ubiquity.

[0060] Among the new network features of 6G, several general requirements are as follows.

[0061] - Small cell network

[0062] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0063] - High-capacity backhaul

[0064] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision positioning through communication (or location-based services) is one of the functions of the 6G wireless communication system. Therefore, a radar system will be integrated with the 6G network.

[0065] - Software and virtualization.

[0066] The core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described below.

[0067] - Artificial intelligence (AI): When AI is introduced into communication, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use countless analyses to determine methods for performing complex target tasks. That is, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delay. Time-consuming operations such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be immediately performed through AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine. In addition, AI can be instant communication in brain-computer interface (BCI). An AI-based communication system can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radio, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0068] Terahertz (THz) communications: Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communications with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO techniques. THz waves are referred to as sub-millimeter radiation, generally indicating a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths in the range of 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band range (sub-THz band) is considered as a main part of the THz band for cellular communications. When the sub-THz band is added to the millimeter-wave band, the 6G cellular communication capacity increases. The 300 GHz to 3 THz of the defined THz band is in the far-infrared (IR) band. The 300 GHz to 3 THz band is part of the optical band but is located at the border of the optical band and immediately after the RF band. Thus, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band has similarities with RF. Figure 2 The electromagnetic spectrum based on embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 2 Embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. The main features of THz communications include (i) bandwidth that can be widely used to support very high data rates; and (ii) high path loss occurs at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). Narrow beam width produced in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a larger number of antenna elements to be integrated with devices and BSs operating in this band. Thus, advanced adaptive arrangement techniques that can overcome range limitations can be used.

[0069] Massive MIMO techniques (large MIMO)

[0070] Holographic beamforming (HBF)

[0071] Optical wireless techniques

[0072] Free space optical (FSO) backhaul networks

[0073] Quantum communications

[0074] Cell-less communications

[0075] Integration of wireless information and power transfer

[0076] Integration of wireless communications and sensing

[0077] Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0078] Big data analytics

[0079] Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0080] Meta universe

[0081] Blockchain

[0082] - Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs or drones will be an important factor in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. A base station (BS) entity is installed inside a UAV to provide cellular connectivity. A UAV can have certain functions that are not found in a fixed BS infrastructure, such as ease of deployment, strong line-of-sight links, and freedom of mobility control. During emergency situations such as natural disasters, it is economically unfeasible to deploy a terrestrial telecommunication infrastructure, and sometimes it is not possible to provide services in a turbulent environment. A UAV is capable of easily handling such situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communications. This technology facilitates the three big basic requirements of wireless networks, such as eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs are also capable of being used for a variety of purposes, such as network connectivity improvement, fire detection, disaster emergency services, safety and monitoring, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0083] - Advanced air mobility (AAM): AAM is a higher-order concept of urban air mobility (UAM), which is air transportation that can be used in urban areas, and can refer to a transportation means that includes movement between urban areas and regional hubs.

[0084] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is a core element for establishing an autonomous driving infrastructure, and can be a technology in which vehicles communicate and share with various elements in the road, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I). In order to maximize the performance of autonomous driving and ensure high safety, high transmission speed and low latency technology is required. In addition, in the future, autonomous driving can need to go beyond delivering warning or guidance messages to drivers, and actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control vehicles in dangerous situations. For this reason, since the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received can be enormous, it is expected that autonomous driving will be maximized in 6G, which has a higher transmission speed and lower latency than 5G.

[0085] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs): NTNs can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources on a satellite (or unmanned aircraft system (UAS) platform). Figure 3 An example of a transparent payload-based NTN typical scenario based on an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. Figure 4 An example of a regenerative payload-based NTN typical scenario based on an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. Figure 3 Or Figure 4 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure. Refer to Figure 3The satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with the UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) can connect to the gateway via a feeder link. The satellite can connect to the data network via the gateway. The beam coverage area refers to the area where the signal transmitted by the satellite can be received. (See reference...) Figure 4 A satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with the UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to the UE can connect to another satellite (or another UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). Another satellite (or another UAS platform) can connect to the gateway via a feeder link. Based on regenerated payloads, a satellite can connect to the data network via a gateway and another satellite. If no ISL exists between satellites, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figure 3 and Figure 4 This is merely an example of an NTN scenario, and NTN can be implemented based on various types of scenarios. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can implement transparent or regenerated (with on-board processing) payloads. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) can generate multiple beams over a designated service area based on its field of view. For example, the satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view can vary depending on the on-board antenna pattern and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload can include RF filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload can remain unchanged. For example, a regenerated payload can include RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decryption, switching and / or routing, and encoding / modulation. For example, a regenerated payload can be substantially equivalent to equipping a satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0086] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology enabler to obtain information about characteristics of an environment and / or objects within the environment, which uses radio frequency to determine distance (range), angle, or instantaneous linear velocity of objects, etc. The radio frequency sensing function can serve as a device-free object positioning, as there is no need for objects to be connected via devices in the network. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can provide a wide range of new functions, such as various object detection, object identification (e.g., vehicles, people, animals, drones), and high-precision positioning, tracking, and activity recognition. For example, wireless sensing services can provide input to different verticals (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicles, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications that provide, for example, intruder detection, assisted car maneuvering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, health and activity monitoring, etc. In some cases, wireless sensing can also use non-3GPP types of sensors (e.g., radar, camera) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of the wireless sensing service (i.e., sensing operation) can rely on the processing of the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Thus, wireless sensing can have the opportunity to enhance traditional systems from a communication network to a wireless communication and sensing network. Figure 5 An example of a sensing operation based on an embodiment of the disclosure is shown. Figure 5 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure. Specifically, Figure 5 (a) of the disclosure shows an example of sensing (e.g., single station sensing) with co-located sensing receivers and sensing transmitters, and Figure 5 (b) of the disclosure shows an example of sensing (e.g., double station sensing) with separated sensing receivers and sensing transmitters.

[0087] The radio interface protocol layers between the UE and the network can be classified as the first layer (L1), the second layer (L2), and the third layer (L3) based on the lower three layers of the open system interconnection (OSI) model commonly known to communication systems. Among them, the physical (PHY) layer belonging to the first layer uses a physical channel to provide an information transfer service to an upper layer, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer located at the third layer controls a radio resource between the UE and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the BS layer.

[0088] The physical layer provides an information transfer service to an upper layer through a physical channel. The physical layer is connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer, which is an upper layer of the physical layer, through a transport channel. Data is transferred through the transport channel between the MAC layer and the physical layer. The transport channel is classified according to how and what characteristics of data are transmitted through a radio interface.

[0089] Data is transferred through a physical channel between different physical layers, i.e., a PHY layer of a transmitter and a PHY layer of a receiver. The physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and uses time and frequency as radio resources.

[0090] A MAC layer provides a service to a radio link control (RLC) layer, which is an upper layer of the MAC layer, via a logical channel. The MAC layer provides a function of mapping multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. The MAC layer also provides a function of logical channel multiplexing by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC layer provides a data transfer service through a logical channel.

[0091] The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of a radio link control service data unit (RLC SDU). In order to ensure different quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three types of operating modes, i.e., a transparent mode (TM), an unacknowledged mode (UM), and an acknowledged mode (AM). The AM RLC provides error correction through an automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0092] A radio resource control (RRC) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is used for controlling the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels associated with RBs. The RB is a logical path provided by the first layer (i.e., the physical layer or PHY layer) and the second layer (i.e., the MAC layer, the RLC layer, the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, and the service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer) for data transmission between the UE and the network.

[0093] The functions of the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) in the user plane include transmission of user data, header compression, and encryption. The functions of the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) in the control plane include transmission and encryption / integrity protection of control plane data.

[0094] The service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. The SDAP layer performs mapping between a quality of service (QoS) flow and a data radio bearer (DRB) and QoS flow ID (QFI) marking in both a DL packet and a UL packet.

[0095] The configuration of the RB means a process for specifying radio protocol layers and channel properties to provide a particular service and for determining corresponding detailed parameters and operation methods. The RB can then be classified into two types, i.e., a signaling radio bearer (SRB) and a data radio bearer (DRB). The SRB is used as a path for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, and the DRB is used as a path for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0096] When an RRC connection is established between an RRC layer of a UE and an RRC layer of an E-UTRAN, the UE is in an RRC connected (RRC_CONNECTED) state, and otherwise, the UE can be in an RRC idle (RRC_IDLE) state. In the case of NR, an RRC inactive (RRC_INACTIVE) state is additionally defined, and a UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain a connection with a core network while releasing its connection with a BS.

[0097] Data is transmitted from the network to the UE through a downlink transport channel. Examples of the downlink transport channel include a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service can be transmitted through the downlink SCH or can be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). In addition, uplink transport channels from the UE to the network include a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages and an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages.

[0098] Examples of a logical channel belonging to a higher layer than the transport channel and mapped to the transport channel can include a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), a multicast traffic channel (MTCH), and the like.

[0099] A radio frame can be used to perform uplink and downlink transmissions. The length of the radio frame is 10 ms, and can be defined as consisting of two half frames (HF). The half frame can include five 1 ms subframes (SF). The subframe (SF) can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within the subframe can be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0100] In the case of using a normal CP, each slot can include 14 symbols. In the case of using an extended CP, each slot can include 12 symbols. Herein, a symbol can include an OFDM symbol (or a CP-OFDM symbol) and a single carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbol (or a discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol).

[0101] Table 2 shown below represents the number of symbols (N slot symb ) of each slot, the number of slots per frame (N frame,μslot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe ,μ slot ).

[0102] [Table 2]

[0103]

[0104] Figure 6 A structure of a slot of an NR frame according to an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. Figure 6 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0105] Referring to Figure 6 , a slot includes a plurality of symbols in a time domain. A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in a frequency domain. A resource block (RB) can be defined as a plurality of consecutive subcarriers (e.g., 12 subcarriers) in the frequency domain. A bandwidth part (BWP) can be defined as a plurality of consecutive (physical) resource blocks ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain, and the BWP can correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N BWPs (e.g., 5 BWPs). Data communication can be performed via an activated BWP. Each element can be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid, and one complex symbol can be mapped to each element.

[0106] A bandwidth part (BWP) can be a consecutive set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) within a given numerology. The PRBs can be selected from a consecutive set of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0107] Figure 7 An example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. Figure 7 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure. It is assumed that in Figure 7 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure. It is assumed that in

[0108] Referring to Figure 7 , a common resource block (CRB) can be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other end thereof. In addition, a PRB can be a resource block numbered within each BWP. Point A can indicate a common reference point of a resource block grid.

[0109] A BWP can be defined by point A, an offset (N start BWP ) with respect to point A, and a bandwidth (N size BWPA point A can be used to configure a BWP. For example, the point A can be an external reference point of PRBs of a carrier, and subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by a network on a corresponding carrier) are aligned in the point A. For example, the offset can be a PRB distance between a lowest subcarrier within a given numerology and the point A. For example, the bandwidth can be a number of PRBs within a given numerology.

[0110] A sidelink synchronization signal (SLSS) can include a primary sidelink synchronization signal (PSSS) and a secondary sidelink synchronization signal (SSSS) as sidelink (SL) specific sequences. The PSSS can be referred to as a sidelink primary synchronization signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS can be referred to as a sidelink secondary synchronization signal (S-SSS). For example, a length-127 M-sequence can be used for the S-PSS, and a length-127 Gold sequence can be used for the S-SSS. For example, a UE can use the S-PSS for initial signal detection and synchronization acquisition. For example, the UE can use the S-PSS and the S-SSS for acquisition of detailed synchronization and for detection of a synchronization signal ID.

[0111] A physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) can be a (broadcast) channel for transmitting default (system) information that a UE must know first before SL signal transmission / reception. For example, the default information can be information related to a SLSS, a duplex mode (DM), a time division duplex (TDD) uplink / downlink (UL / DL) configuration, information related to a resource pool, a type of application related to a SLSS, a subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, for evaluation of PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, a payload size of the PSBCH can be 56 bits including a 24-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC).

[0112] The S-PSS, the S-SSS, and the PSBCH can be included in a block format (e.g., a SL synchronization signal (SS) / PSBCH block, hereinafter, a sidelink synchronization signal block (S-SSB)) that supports periodic transmission. The S-SSB can have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) / physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) in a carrier, and a transmission bandwidth can exist within a (pre-)configured sidelink (SL) BWP. For example, the S-SSB can have a bandwidth of 11 resource blocks (RBs). For example, the PSBCH can exist across 11 RBs. In addition, a frequency location of the S-SSB can be (pre-)configured. Accordingly, a UE does not have to perform hypothesis detection at a frequency to discover the S-SSB in a carrier.

[0113] In the disclosure, the PSCCH can be replaced with a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel related to sidelink, a physical control channel related to sidelink, etc. In the disclosure, the PSSCH can be replaced with a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel related to sidelink, a physical shared channel related to sidelink, etc.

[0114] Figure 8 A procedure of performing V2X or SL communication by a UE based on a resource allocation mode according to an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. Figure 8 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0115] Referring to Figure 8 (a), under the resource allocation mode 1, the base station can schedule SL resources to be used for SL transmission by the UE. For example, in step S800, the base station can transmit information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first UE. For example, the UL resources can include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources can be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0116] For example, the first UE can receive information related to dynamic grant (DG) resources and / or information related to configured grant (CG) resources from the base station. For example, the CG resources can include CG type 1 resources or CG type 2 resources. In the disclosure, the DG resources can be resources configured / allocated to the first UE by the base station through downlink control information (DCI). In the disclosure, the CG resources can be (periodic) resources configured / allocated to the first UE by the base station through DCI and / or RRC message. For example, in the case of CG type 1 resources, the base station can transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE. For example, in the case of CG type 2 resources, the base station can transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resources to the first UE, and the base station can transmit DCI related to activation or release of the CG resources to the first UE.

[0117] In step S810, the first UE can transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or a first-stage SCI) to the second UE based on the resource scheduling. In step S820, the first UE can transmit a PSSCH (e.g., a second-stage SCI, a MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S830, the first UE can receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) can be received from the second UE through the PSFCH. In step S840, the first UE can transmit / report the HARQ feedback information to the base station through a PUCCH or a PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station can be information generated by the first UE based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second UE. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station can be information generated by the first UE based on a preconfigured rule. For example, the DCI can be a DCI for SL scheduling.

[0118] Referring to Figure 8 (b) in the resource allocation mode 2, the UE can determine a SL transmission resource within a SL resource configured by the base station / network or a preconfigured SL resource. For example, the configured SL resource or the preconfigured SL resource can be a resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select or schedule a resource for SL transmission. For example, the UE can perform SL communication by autonomously selecting a resource within the configured resource pool. For example, the UE can autonomously select a resource within a selection window by performing a sensing procedure and a resource (re)selection procedure. For example, the sensing can be performed in units of subchannels. For example, in step S810, the first UE that has selected a resource from the resource pool by itself can transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or a first-stage SCI) to the second UE by using the resource. In step S820, the first UE can transmit a PSSCH (e.g., a second-stage SCI, a MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second UE. In step S830, the first UE can receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second UE.

[0119] Referring to Figure 8of (a) or (b), for example, the first UE can transmit the SCI to the second UE through the PSCCH. Alternatively, for example, the first UE can transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCI) to the second UE through the PSCCH and / or the PSSCH. In this case, the second UE can decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCI) to receive the PSSCH from the first UE. In the present disclosure, the SCI transmitted through the PSCCH can be referred to as a first SCI, a first SCI, a first-stage SCI, or a first-stage SCI format, and the SCI transmitted through the PSSCH can be referred to as a second SCI, a second SCI, a second-stage SCI, or a second-stage SCI format.

[0120] For example, the first-stage SCI format can include SCI format 1-A and / or SCI format 1-B, and the second-stage SCI format can include SCI format 2-A, SCI format 2-B, SCI format 2-C, and / or SCI format 2-D.

[0121] Hereinafter, an example of the SCI format 1-A will be described.

[0122] The SCI format 1-A is used to schedule the PSSCH and the second-stage SCI on the PSSCH.

[0123] The following information is transmitted by means of the SCI format 1-A:

[0124] - Priority - 3 bits

[0125] - Frequency resource assignment - ceiling (log2 (N SL subChannel (N SL subChannel +1) / 2) bits; otherwise, when the value of the higher layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured as 3, ceiling log2 (N SL subChannel (N SL subChannel +1) (2N SL subChannel +1) / 6) bits.

[0126] - Time resource assignment - 5 bits when the value of the higher layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured as 2; otherwise, 9 bits when the value of the higher layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is configured as 3

[0127] - Resource reservation period - ceiling (log2N rsv_period ) bits, where N rsv_period is the number of entries in the higher layer parameter sl-ResourceReservePeriodList; otherwise, 0 bits

[0128] - DMRS pattern - ceiling (log2N pattern ) bits, where N pattern is the number of DMRS patterns configured by the higher layer parameter sl-PSSCH-DMRS-TimePatternList

[0129] - 2nd SCI format - 2 bits

[0130] - Beta_offset indicator - 2 bits as provided by the higher layer parameter sl-BetaOffsets2ndSCI

[0131] - Number of DMRS ports - 1 bit

[0132] - Modulation and coding scheme - 5 bits

[0133] - Additional MCS table indicator - 1 bit if one MCS table is configured by the higher layer parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; 2 bits if two MCS tables are configured by the higher layer parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; otherwise, 0 bit

[0134] - PSFCH overhead indication - 1 bit if the higher layer parameter sl-PSFCH-Period = 2 or 4; otherwise, 0 bit

[0135] - Reserved - number of bits determined by the higher layer parameter sl-NumReservedBits, the value of which is set to zero.

[0136] An example of SCI format 2-A will be described below.

[0137] SCI format 2-A is used for the decoding of PSSCH, where HARQ-ACK information includes ACK or NACK, where HARQ-ACK information includes only NACK, or where there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information, using HARQ operation.

[0138] The following information is transmitted by SCI format 2-A:

[0139] - HARQ process number - 4 bits

[0140] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0141] -Redundant version-2 bits

[0142] -Source ID-8 digits

[0143] -Destination ID- 16 digits

[0144] -HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator-1 bit

[0145] - Broadcast type indicator - 2 bits, as defined in Table 3

[0146] -CSI Request-1 bit

[0147] [Table 3]

[0148]

[0149] The following describes an example of SCI format 2-B.

[0150] SCI format 2-B is used for PSSCH decoding. HARQ operation is used when the HARQ-ACK information only includes NACK or when there is no HARQ-ACK feedback.

[0151] The following information should be sent using SCI format 2-B:

[0152] -HARQ process number-4 digits

[0153] -New data indicator-1 bit

[0154] -Redundant version-2 bits

[0155] -Source ID-8 digits

[0156] -Destination ID- 16 digits

[0157] -HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator-1 bit

[0158] -Region ID-12 digits

[0159] -Communication range requirement-4 bits determined by the higher-level parameter sl-ZoneConfigMCR-Index

[0160] Reference Figure 8 In step (a) or (b), the first UE may receive the PSFCH in step S830. For example, the first UE and the second UE may determine the PSFCH resource, and the second UE may use the PSFCH resource to send HARQ feedback to the first UE.

[0161] Reference Figure 8of (a), in step S840, the first UE can transmit the SL HARQ feedback to the base station through a PUCCH and / or a PUSCH.

[0162] In the following, positioning will be described.

[0163] Figure 9 An example of an architecture in a 5G system capable of positioning a UE accessing a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) or an E-UTRAN is shown according to embodiments of the disclosure. Figure 9 Embodiments of (a) can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0164] Referring to Figure 9 , the AMF can receive a request for a location service related to a specific target UE from a different entity such as a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) or can determine to initiate a location service in the AMF itself rather than the specific target UE. Then, the AMF can transmit a location service request to a Location Management Function (LMF). Upon receiving the location service request, the LMF can process the location service request and return a processing request including an estimated location of the UE or the like to the AMF. Meanwhile, if the location service request is received from a different entity such as the GMLC other than the AMF, the AMF can transfer the processing request received from the LMF to the different entity.

[0165] A New Generation evolved NB (ng-eNB) and a gNB are network elements of the NG-RAN capable of providing measurement results for a location estimation, and can measure radio signals with respect to a target UE, and can transfer a result value to the LMF. In addition, the ng-eNB can control several transmission points (TPs) such as a remote radio head or a PRS dedicated TP supporting a beacon system based on a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for E-UTRA.

[0166] The LMF can be connected to an Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC) and the E-SMLC can allow the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC can allow the LMF to support Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) by using downlink measurement results obtained by a target UE through signals transmitted from gNBs and / or PRS dedicated TPs in the E-UTRAN, which is one of the positioning methods of the E-UTRAN.

[0167] Meanwhile, the LMF can be connected to a SUPL Location Platform (SLP). The LMF can support and manage different location determination services for respective target UEs. The LMF can interact with a serving ng-eNB or a serving gNB for a target UE to obtain location measurement results of the UE. For positioning of the target UE, the LMF can determine a positioning method based on a location service (LCS) client type, a requested quality of service (QoS), a UE positioning capability, a gNB positioning capability, and an ng-eNB positioning capability, etc., and can apply such a positioning method to the serving gNB and / or the serving ng-eNB. In addition, the LMF can determine additional information such as a location estimate value of the target UE and an accuracy of the location estimate and a velocity. The SLP is a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) entity responsible for user plane positioning.

[0168] The UE can measure downlink signals through the NG-RAN, the E-UTRAN, and / or other sources such as different global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and terrestrial beacon systems (TBS), wireless local access network (WLAN) access points, Bluetooth beacons, a UE barometric sensor, etc. The UE can include an LCS application. The UE can communicate with a network accessible by the UE, or can access the LCS application through another application included in the UE. The LCS application can include measurement and calculation functions required to determine a location of the UE. For example, the UE can include an independent positioning function such as a global positioning system (GPS), and can report a location of the UE independent of NG-RAN transmission. Positioning information thus independently obtained can be used as assistance information for positioning information obtained from the network.

[0169] Figure 10 An example of a network for measuring a location of a UE based on an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. Figure 10 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0170] When the UE is in a connection management (CM)-idle state, if the AMF receives a location service request, the AMF can establish a signaling connection with the UE and can request a network trigger service to allocate a specific serving gNB or ng-eNB. In Figure 10 Such an operation procedure is omitted in Figure 10 In

[0171] Reference will be made to Figure 10A network operation procedure for measuring a location of a UE is described in detail. In step a1, a 5GC entity such as a GMLC can request a serving AMF to provide a location service for measuring a location of a target UE. However, even if the GMLC does not request the location service, the serving AMF can determine that the location service for measuring the location of the target UE is needed based on step 1b. For example, in order to measure a location of a UE for an emergency call, the serving AMF can determine to directly perform the location service.

[0172] Thereafter, the AMF can transmit a location service request to the LMF based on step 2, and the LMF can initiate a location procedure to obtain location measurement data or location measurement assistance data together with the serving ng-eNB and the serving gNB. In addition, based on step 3b, the LMF can initiate a location procedure for downlink positioning together with the UE. For example, the LMF can transmit assistance data defined in 3GPP TS 36.355, or can obtain a location estimate or a location measurement. Meanwhile, step 3b can be additionally performed after step 3a is performed, or can be performed instead of step 3a.

[0173] In step 4, the LMF can provide a location service response to the AMF. In addition, the location service response can include information on whether a location estimate of the UE is successful and a location estimate value of the UE. Thereafter, if the procedure initiated by step a1 Figure 10 , the AMF can transfer the location service response to a 5GC entity such as a GMLC, and if the procedure initiated by step 1b Figure 10 , the AMF can use the location service response to provide a location service related to an emergency call or the like.

[0174] Figure 11 An example of a protocol layer for supporting LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message transfer between an LMF and a UE based on an embodiment of the disclosure is shown. Figure 11 An embodiment of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0175] An LPP PDU can be transmitted between an AMF and a UE through a NAS PDU. Referring to Figure 11 , LPP can be terminated between a target device (e.g., a UE in a control plane or a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) enabled terminal (SET) in a user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF in a control plane and an SLP in a user plane). LPP messages can be delivered in the form of a transparent PDU through an intermediate network interface by using a suitable protocol such as a Next Generation Application Protocol (NGAP) through an NG- Control Plane (NG-C) interface and a NAS / RRC through an NR-Uu interface, etc. The LPP protocol can enable positioning for NR and LTE by using various positioning methods.

[0176] For example, based on the LPP protocol, the target device and the location server can exchange mutual capability information, assistance data for positioning, and / or location information. In addition, the LPP message can be used for the exchange of error information and / or interruption of the LPP procedure.

[0177] Figure 12 An example of a protocol layer for supporting NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between an LMF and an NG-RAN node based on embodiments of the disclosure is shown. Figure 12 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0178] NRPPa can be used for information exchange between an NG-RAN node and an LMF. Specifically, NRPPa can exchange an enhanced cell ID (E-CID) for measurement, data for supporting an OTDOA positioning method, and a cell ID, a cell location ID, etc. for an NR cell ID positioning method, which are transmitted from an ng-eNB to an LMF. Even without information about an associated NRPPa transaction, an AMF can route an NRPPa PDU based on a routing ID of an associated LMR through an NG-C interface.

[0179] Procedures of the NRPPa protocol for position and data collection can be classified into two types. The first type is a UE-related procedure for delivering information about a specific UE (e.g., location measurement information, etc.), and the second type is a non-UE-related procedure for delivering information applicable to an NG-RAN node and related TPs (e.g., gNB / ng-eNB / TP timing information, etc.). Both types of procedures can be supported independently or can be supported simultaneously.

[0180] Meanwhile, examples of positioning methods supported in the NG-RAN can include GNSS, OTDOA, enhanced cell ID (E-CID), barometric sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning, and terrestrial beacon system (TBS), uplink time difference of arrival (UTDOA), etc.

[0181] (1) OTDOA (Observed Time Difference of Arrival)

[0182] Figure 13 is a diagram for explaining an OTDOA positioning method based on embodiments of the disclosure. Figure 13 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0183] The OTDOA positioning method uses the measured timing of downlink signals received by a UE from eNBs, ng-eNBs, and multiple TPs including PRS dedicated TPs. The UE measures the timing of the received downlink signals by using the location assistance data received from a location server. In addition, the location of the UE can be determined based on such measurement results and geometric coordinates of neighboring TPs.

[0184] A UE connected to a gNB can request a measurement gap for OTDOA measurements from a TP. If the UE cannot recognize a single frequency network (SFN) of at least one TP in the OTDOA assistance data, the UE can obtain the SFN of the OTDOA reference cell using an autonomous gap before requesting a measurement gap to perform a reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurement.

[0185] In this context, the RSTD can be defined based on the minimum relative time difference between the boundaries of two subframes received from a reference cell and a measurement cell, respectively. That is, the RSTD can be calculated based on the relative time difference between the start time of a subframe received from a measurement unit and the start time of a subframe of a reference unit closest to the start time of the subframe received from the measurement unit. Meanwhile, the reference cell can be selected by the UE.

[0186] For correct OTDOA measurements, it can be necessary to measure the time of arrival (TOA) of signals received from three or more TPs or BSs geographically distributed. For example, the TOA can be measured for each of TPs 1, 2, and 3, and the RSTD of TPs 1-2, 2-3, and 3-1 can be calculated for the three TOAs. Based on this, geometric hyperbolas can be determined, and the point at which these hyperbolas intersect can be estimated as the location of the UE. In this case, since there can be an accuracy and / or uncertainty of each TOA measurement, the estimated location of the UE can be referred to as a certain range based on measurement uncertainty.

[0187] For example, the RSTD of these two TPs can be calculated based on Equation 1.

[0188] [Equation 1]

[0189]

[0190] In this context, c can be the speed of light, {x t , y t} can be the (unknown) coordinates of the target UE, {x i , y i} can be the coordinates of the (known) TPs, and {x1, y1} can be the coordinates of a reference TP (or another TP). In this context, (T i- T1) called "Real Time Difference (RTD)" as a transmission time offset between two TPs, and n i , n1 can represent a value related to a UE TOA measurement error.

[0191] (2) E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

[0192] In a Cell ID (CID) positioning method, a location of a UE can be measured by geographic information of a serving ng-eNB, a serving gNB, and / or a serving cell of the UE. For example, the geographic information of the serving ng-eNB, the serving gNB, and / or the serving cell can be obtained by paging, registration, etc.

[0193] Meanwhile, in addition to the CID positioning method, an E-CID positioning method can use additional UE measurements and / or NG-RAN radio resources, etc. to improve a UE location estimate. In the E-CID positioning method, although some measurement methods can be used which are the same as those used in a measurement control system of an RRC protocol, generally, additional measurements are not performed only for location measurement of a UE. In other words, a measurement configuration or a measurement control message can not be additionally provided to measure a location of a UE. In addition, a UE can not expect an additional measurement operation requested only for location measurement, and can report a measurement value obtained by a measurement method that the UE can perform in a general manner.

[0194] For example, a serving gNB can implement an E-CID positioning method using E-UTRA measurement values provided from a UE.

[0195] Examples of measurement elements that can be used for E-CID positioning can be as follows.

[0196] - UE measurements: E-UTRA Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), E-UTRA Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx time difference, GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) / WLAN Reference Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), UTRAN Common Pilot Channel (CPICH) Received Signal Code Power (RSCP), UTRAN CPICH Ec / Io

[0197] - E-UTRAN measurements: ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference, Timing Advance (TADV), Angle of Arrival (AoA).

[0198] In this document, TADV can be classified into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

[0199] TADV Type 1 = (ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference) + (UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx time difference)

[0200] TADV Type 2 = ng-eNB Rx-Tx time difference

[0201] Meanwhile, AoA can be used to measure the direction of the UE. The AoA can be defined as an estimated angle from the BS / TP in a counterclockwise direction with respect to the position of the UE. In this case, the geographical reference direction can be north. The BS / TP can use an uplink signal such as a sounding reference signal (SRS) and / or a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for AoA measurement. In addition, the larger the arrangement of the antenna array, the higher the measurement accuracy of the AoA. When the element antenna array is arranged at the same interval, the signals received from adjacent antennas can have a constant phase rotation.

[0202] (3) UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival)

[0203] UTDOA is a method of determining the position of the UE by estimating the arrival time of the SRS. When the estimated SRS arrival time is calculated, the position of the UE can be estimated by using a serving cell as a reference cell via the time difference of arrival with respect to another cell (or BS / TP). In order to implement the UTDOA, the E-SMLC can instruct the serving cell of the target UE to instruct the SRS transmission to the target UE. In addition, the E-SMLC can provide configurations such as whether the SRS is periodic / non-periodic, bandwidth, frequency / group / sequence hopping, etc.

[0204] (4) Round Trip Time (RTT)

[0205] RTT is a positioning technology that can measure the distance between two entities even if the times of the target entity and the server entity are not synchronized. If the RTT is performed with a plurality of server entities, the distance with each server entity can be measured individually. In addition, by drawing a circle using the distance measured from each server entity, absolute positioning of the target entity can be performed through the intersection of the circles.

[0206] The RTT between two entities is performed by the following method. Entity #1 can transmit PRS #1 at t1, and entity #2 can receive PRS #1 at t2. After entity #2 receives PRS #1, entity #2 can transmit PRS #2 at t3, and entity #1 can receive PRS #2 at t4. In this case, the distance D between the two entities can be obtained as follows.

[0207] [Equation 2]

[0208] (where c is the speed of light)

[0209] For the RTT between the UE and the gNB, the distance between the UE and the gNB can be obtained based on Equation 2 above using the UE Rx-Tx time difference and the gNB BRx-Tx time difference in the table below.

[0210] (5) Bilateral RTT

[0211] Two-sided RTT is a positioning technology that can measure the distance between two entities even if there is a sampling clock frequency offset between the target entity and the server entity.

[0212] The method for performing a two-sided RTT between two entities is as follows.

[0213] Figure 14 A two-sided RTT based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 14 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0214] Bilateral RTT is widely used in ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning and can reduce the impact of clock errors. (See reference...) Figure 14 It can be measured by two measurements (i.e., T) round1 T round2 T reply1 T reply2 The propagation delay T can be estimated using Equation 3.

[0215] [Formula 3]

[0216]

[0217] In addition, it can be obtained based on Equation 4. .

[0218] [Formula 4]

[0219]

[0220] in

[0221]

[0222] Therefore, the propagation delay T can be estimated as shown in Equation 5.

[0223] [Formula 5]

[0224]

[0225] In this case, the error in the propagation delay estimation due to clock error can be obtained based on Equation 6.

[0226] [Formula 6]

[0227] Error =

[0228] Here, e UE1 and e UE2 may be a clock offset of UE1 and UE2, and may be an estimated propagation delay between UE1 and UE2.

[0229] Meanwhile, an existing backscatter-based radar system can transmit a single sensing signal block for sensing, and can perform an operation of detecting a backscatter based on a signal reflected from the single sensing signal block by the backscatter. However, the radar system has a problem in that detection performance of the backscatter is degraded because a signal reflected by a clutter around the backscatter to be detected causes great interference to a signal reflected by the backscatter. To solve this problem, N continuous single sensing signal blocks can be transmitted on a time axis, and the backscatter can modulate an incident sensing signal by a constant frequency offset and then reflect it. In this case, since a receiving radar can detect a signal reflected by the backscatter and received, and an interference signal reflected by the clutter and received at different frequencies, a problem of degradation of detection performance caused by mutual interference can be solved.

[0230] In the disclosure, a method and an apparatus supporting the method are proposed, which do not transmit N continuous single sensing signal blocks, but obtain improved radar detection performance that can be obtained by transmitting N continuous single sensing signal blocks, by transmitting one single sensing signal block.

[0231] In the disclosure, the following terms can be used.

[0232] -LMF: Location Management Function

[0233] -UE triggered SL positioning: SideLink (SL) positioning of a procedure triggered by a UE

[0234] -Base station / LMF triggered SL positioning: SL positioning of a procedure triggered by a base station / LMF

[0235] -UE controlled SL positioning: SL positioning in which a SL positioning group is created by a UE

[0236] -Base station controlled SL positioning: SL positioning in which a SL positioning group is created by a base station

[0237] -UE based SL positioning: SL positioning in which a UE position is calculated by a UE

[0238] -UE assisted SL positioning: SL positioning in which a UE position is calculated by a base station / LMF

[0239] -SL positioning group: UE participating in SL positioning

[0240] - Target UE (T-UE): UE whose position is computed

[0241] - Server UE (S-UE): UE assisting SL positioning of T-UE

[0242] - Anchor UE: UE assisting T-UE positioning

[0243] - MG: Measurement Gap allowing only SL PRS transmission

[0244] - MW: Measurement Window enabling multiplexing of SL data and SL PRS

[0245] - SL PRS: SL PRS

[0246] - CCH: Control Channel

[0247] - Inter-UE Coordination (IUC) message: Message received by a TX UE from other UEs including RX UEs, including information on a set of resources (preferred resources) suitable for transmission and / or information on a set of resources (non-preferred resources) unsuitable for transmission by the TX UE to the RX UE

[0248] - JCAS: Joint Communication and Sensing

[0249] - RIS: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface

[0250] For example, a SL PRS transmission resource can include a SL PRS resource set including the following information.

[0251] - SL PRS resource set ID

[0252] - SL PRS resource ID list: List of SL PRS resource IDs in the SL PRS resource set

[0253] - SL PRS resource type: Able to be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand

[0254] - Alpha for SL PRS power control

[0255] - P0 for SL PRS power control

[0256] - Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: Able to be set to SL SSB or DL PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc. for positioning.

[0257] For example, a SL PRS resource set can include SL PRS resources including the following information.

[0258] - SL PRS resource ID

[0259] - SL PRS comb size: spacing between REs used for SL PRS transmission within a symbol

[0260] - SL PRS comb offset: index of the first RE where SL PRS is transmitted within a first SL PRS symbol

[0261] - SL PRS comb cyclic shift: cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that makes up the SL PRS

[0262] - SL PRS starting position: index of the first symbol within a slot where SL PRS is transmitted

[0263] - SL PRS number of symbols: number of symbols configured for SL PRS within a slot

[0264] - Frequency domain shift: lowest frequency location (index) in the frequency domain where SL PRS is transmitted

[0265] - SL PRS BW: frequency bandwidth used to transmit SL PRS

[0266] - SL PRS resource type: can be set to periodic, aperiodic, semi-persistent, or on-demand

[0267] - SL PRS periodicity: time-domain periodicity between SL PRS resources, in units of physical slots or logical slots in the resource pool where SL PRS is transmitted

[0268] - SL PRS offset: offset in time domain from the start of the first SL PRS resource relative to a reference timing, in units of physical slots or logical slots in the resource pool where SL PRS is transmitted. The reference timing can be SFN=0 or DFN=0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of an RRC / MAC-CE / DCI / SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

[0269] - SL PRS sequence ID

[0270] - SL PRS spatial relation: can be set to SL SSB or DL PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc. used for positioning.

[0271] - SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. It can signal SL PRS resource configuration information, resource location, etc.

[0272] Generally, when the radar receives the signal reflected by the object, which is the signal transmitted by the radar itself, the power level of the received signal has a characteristic of proportional decay to the fourth power of the distance to the object to be detected. This characteristic can be derived from equation 7.

[0273] [Equation 7]

[0274]

[0275] Here, P t may be the transmit power [W], P r may be the receive power [W], G t may be the transmit antenna gain, G r may be the receive antenna gain, may be the radar cross section, may be the effective aperture area of the receive antenna.

[0276] At the same time, considering the interference to the communication signaling, the radar / sensing signal for object detection transmitted using the ISAC system needs to limit its transmit power. Therefore, unlike typical radar transmit signals, the radar / sensing signal for object detection transmitted using the ISAC system cannot transmit high signal power, making them unsuitable for sensing distant objects. In addition, since only part of the signal incident to the object is reflected and received, the received signal power is further attenuated, further leading to a decline in reception performance.

[0277] To solve the above problems, in the bistatic radar technology, the signal transmitted by the transmitting radar is reflected from the object and received by the receiving radar separated from the transmitting radar to sense the object, and the signal power received by the receiving radar has a characteristic of proportional decay to the nth power of the product of the distance between the transmitting radar and the object and the distance between the receiving radar and the object (for example, n=2 in free space). Therefore, if the distance between the receiving radar and the object is relatively short, it has the advantage of improving the detection performance of the object. This characteristic can be derived based on equation 8.

[0278] [Equation 8]

[0279]

[0280] Here, P TX may be the transmit signal power, P RX may be the receive signal power, R TX may be the distance from the transmitter to the target, R RXG can be the distance from the receiver to the target. TX For the transmit antenna gain, G RX This can be used for the receiving antenna gain. It can be the wavelength, and RCS can be the radar cross section.

[0281] Figure 15 A radar system based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, using linear frequency modulated signal blocks of length M as units. Figure 15 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0282] For example, a system that transmits a single block of sensing signal (e.g., a linear frequency modulated (chirp) sequence) and detects a backscatterer based on the signal reflected by the backscatterer can be configured as follows: Figure 15 This is achieved as shown.

[0283] Reference Figure 15 An M-sample length linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal block generated by an M-sample LFM signal generator can be converted into an analog signal by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), modulated and amplified to the RF frequency by an up-converter, and finally transmitted via a TX antenna. For example, the transmitted LFM signal block can be reflected by a backscatterer and received by an RX antenna. Furthermore, the received signal can be demodulated into a baseband signal by a down-converter, and then multiplied by the transmitted M-sample length LFM signal block via a mixer. Afterward, this signal is converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and an M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the same length as the LFM signal block can be performed. The signal energy can then be detected at frequency positions proportional to the distance to the backscatterer, and finally, the distance and velocity are estimated based on the backscatterer using a range and Doppler estimation block.

[0284] Figure 16 The waveform of a transmitted linear frequency modulated signal block is shown based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 17 The channel impulse response of the overall transmit / receive channel based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 18 The waveform of a received linear frequency modulated signal block is shown based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 19 The diagram shows an M-point FFT output signal for a received linear frequency modulated signal block based on an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 16 to Figure 19 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0285] For example, through Figure 15 The signal waveform of the M-sample linear frequency modulated signal output by the DAC block can be as follows: Figure 16 As shown.

[0286] For example, assuming it comes from Figure 15The channel impulse response of the channel of the TX antenna, reflected by the backscatters and received by the RX antenna, has a delay spread as shown in Figure 17 The value, the reflected backscatter and received by the RX antenna, can be a signal as shown in Figure 18 , in which the length of the delay spread of the channel having the characteristics of Figure 18 Figure 17 The value, the reflected backscatter and received by the RX antenna, can be a signal as shown in

[0287] For example, Figure 15 The waveform of the M-point FFT output signal of Figure 19 , in which the signal indicated by the thin vertical line can represent a signal reflected by clutter, and the signal indicated by the thick short vertical line can represent a signal reflected by backscatter. As Figure 19 , it can be seen that the detection performance of the backscatter is severely degraded because the magnitude of the signal reflected by the backscatter is smaller than the magnitude of the signal reflected by the clutter. Figure 19

[0288] The present disclosure relates to a method for implementing the operation of a radar system that transmits N consecutive sensing signal blocks by using radar system hardware based on transmitting a single sensing signal block (e.g., a chirp signal) described above.

[0289] For example, a radar receiver that receives a reflected sensing signal block of Figure 18 , can virtually recover a signal reflected and received when N consecutive sensing signal blocks are transmitted and received by copying and concatenating the reflected sensing signal block N times on a time axis. In this case, an extended received signal portion (e.g., a slant-shaded portion of Figure 17 ) caused by the channel impulse response of the overall transmission / reception channel of Figure 18 , can be added to the initial portion of the received sensing signal block of Figure 18 . By this operation, when the received sensing signal block is copied and concatenated N times on the time axis, a received signal similar to when N consecutive sensing signal blocks are transmitted and received can be virtually recovered. For example, the waveform in which the extended portion caused by the transmission channel is added to the initial portion of the received signal block can be as shown in Figure 20 , and the final waveform after being copied and concatenated N times in the above-described manner can be as shown in Figure 21 .

[0290] Figure 20 A reconstructed received single chirp signal block waveform based on an embodiment of the present disclosure can be shown. Figure 21 ​​​A replicated and reconstructed received N consecutive chirp signal block waveform based on embodiments of the present disclosure can be shown. Figure 20 and Figure 21 Embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0291] Figure 22 A reconstructed backscatter detection radar system based on embodiments of the present disclosure for N consecutive M-sample sensing signal blocks is shown. Figure 22 Embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0292] For example, referring to Figure 22 the received signal for N consecutive sensing signal blocks can be virtually reconstructed by using the output signal of the ADC in Figure 15 By this operation, the detection performance for backscatterers can be improved. In Figure 22 the M-sample chirp signal reconstruction block can reconstruct the M-sample chirp received signal by adding the prolonged received signal portion (diagonally shaded portion) caused by the transmission channel in Figure 18 to the start portion of the received signal block (as shown in Figure 20 ), and the M-sample chirp signal reconstruction block can virtually reconstruct the received signal for consecutive N sensing signal blocks (as shown in Figure 21 ) by copying the reconstructed M-sample chirp signal N times on the time axis and concatenating the N copies, which corresponds to N replicated blocks of the M-sample chirp signal. The N*M-point FFT block can distinguish the signals reflected by clutter and the signals reflected by backscatterers into different spectral components by performing FFT on the received signal of the reconstructed N consecutive sensing signal blocks. Based on this, the enhanced range and Doppler estimation block can detect backscatterers based on the signals removed by clutter interference.

[0293] Figure 23 A reconstructed backscatter detection radar system based on embodiments of the present disclosure for consecutive N sample sensing signal blocks is shown. Figure 23 Embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0294] For example, referring to Figure 23 if the ADC output signal cannot be used in the system shown in Figure 15 , the radar system can detect backscatterers based on the M-point FFT output signal based on the reconstructed consecutive N sample sensing signal blocks described above. In Figure 23 the ADC output signal can be recovered by performing M-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) again on the M-point FFT output. Thereafter, the signal processing block can be combined with Figure 22The signal processing block performed based on the ADC output is the same.

[0295] Figure 24 A detection signal waveform of a continuous chirp signal-based radar system based on an embodiment of the disclosure is shown. Figure 24 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0296] Figure 22 and Figure 23 The waveform of the N*M-point FFT output signal in the embodiment can be as shown in Figure 24 . Figure 24 For the case of N=3, and compared to when performing M-point FFT, the position resolution of the detection object in the frequency domain can be improved by three times. In Figure 24 , the signal indicated by the solid line can represent a signal reflected by clutter, and the signal indicated by the dashed line can represent a signal reflected by a backscatter. As Figure 24 shown, the clutter-reflected signal indicated by the solid line and the backscatter-reflected signal can be separated into different frequency components. Through this operation, the problem of interference caused by the clutter-reflected signal in backscatter detection can be solved.

[0297] For example, in the above operation, the number of times (i.e., the N value) that the received sensing signal block received in the receiving radar system is repeatedly concatenated on the time axis and / or the number of samples (i.e., the M value) of a single sensing signal block can be (pre)configured (per resource pool). For example, the N value and / or the M value can be reported to the backscatter, which can modulate the signal incident to the backscatter before reflecting it based on the N value and / or the M value. For example, if the transmitting radar transmits a sensing signal block (e.g., a chirp signal) including M samples, the backscatter can modulate the incident signal by , and the receiving radar can detect the backscatter by reconstructing the backscatter-reflected sensing signal block into N consecutive M-sample sensing signal blocks as shown in Figure 21 . For example, the k value can be an integer that is not 0 and not a multiple of N, and is less than the N*M value. For example, the k value can be configured such that the backscatter appears in a frequency domain portion other than the portion (the solid line position in Figure 24 ) in which the clutter-reflected signal appears as shown in Figure 24 . For example, the sensing signal block transmitted by the transmitting radar can indicate the N value and / or the M value. For example, the N value and / or the M value can be indicated based on a specific sequence type of the sensing signal.

[0298] Examples of the disclosure are not only applicable to a radar system based on a chirp signal block, but also to a general sensing signal-based radar system similar to the chirp signal block, which can be used to detect an object that reflects a transmitted signal.

[0299] For example, whether to apply the rule and / or parameter values related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a service type. For example, whether to apply the rule and / or parameter values related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a (LCH or service) priority. For example, whether to apply the rule and / or parameter values related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a QoS requirement (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range). For example, whether to apply the rule and / or parameter values related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a PQI parameter. For example, whether to apply the rule and / or parameter values related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an LCH / MAC PDU (transmission) with SL HARQ feedback enabled. For example, whether to apply the rule and / or parameter values related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an LCH / MAC PDU (transmission) with SL HARQ feedback disabled. For example, whether to apply the rule and / or parameter values related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a CBR measurement value of a resource pool. For example, whether to apply the rule and / or parameter values related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a SL broadcast type (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast). For example, whether to apply the rule and / or parameter values related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a SL groupcast HARQ feedback option (e.g., NACK only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback, NACK only based on TX-RX distance feedback). For example, whether to apply the rule and / or parameter values related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a SL mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 or SL CG type 2). For example, whether to apply the rule and / or parameter values related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 or mode 2). For example, whether to apply the rule and / or parameter values related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a resource pool. For example, whether to apply the rule and / or parameter values related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for whether a PSFCH resource is configured in the resource pool. For example, whether to apply the rule and / or parameter values related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a source (L2) ID.For example, whether to apply the rule and / or the parameter value related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for the destination (L2) ID. For example, whether to apply the rule and / or the parameter value related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for the PC5 RRC connection link. For example, whether to apply the rule and / or the parameter value related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for the SL link. For example, whether to apply the rule and / or the parameter value related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for the connection state (with the base station) (e.g., RRC connected state, idle state, inactive state). For example, whether to apply the rule and / or the parameter value related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for the SL HARQ process (ID). For example, whether to apply the rule and / or the parameter value related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for whether the SL DRX operation is performed (TX UE or RX UE). For example, whether to apply the rule and / or the parameter value related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for whether the UE is a power saving (TX or RX) UE. For example, whether to apply the rule and / or the parameter value related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for the case of PSFCH TX and PSFCH RX (and / or multiple PSFCH TX (exceeding the UE capability)) overlapping (and / or the case of skipping PSFCH TX (and / or PSFCH RX)) (from the perspective of a specific UE). For example, whether to apply the rule and / or the parameter value related to the proposed method / rule can be configured / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for the case that the RX UE actually (successfully) receives the (re-)transmission of PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) from the TX UE.

[0300] For example, in the present disclosure, the term “configured / configuring (or designated / designating)” can be extended / interpreted to that the base station informs the UE through a pre-defined (physical layer or higher layer) channel / signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or is provided by pre-configuration and / or the UE informs other UEs through a pre-defined (physical layer or higher layer) channel / signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)).

[0301] For example, in the present disclosure, the term “PSFCH” can be extended to / interpreted as a (NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or a (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or a (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or a UL channel / signal)). Moreover, the methods proposed in the present disclosure can be used in combination with each other (as a new type of way).

[0302] For example, in the present disclosure, a specific threshold value can refer to a threshold value predefined or (pre-)configured by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network, a base station, or a UE. For example, in the present disclosure, a specific configuration value can refer to a value predefined or (pre-)configured by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network, a base station, or a UE. For example, a network / base station configured operation can refer to an operation that a base station (pre-)configures to a UE through a higher layer RRC signaling or that a base station configures / signals to a UE through a MAC CE or that a base station signals to a UE through a DCI.

[0303] Figure 25 A method of a first device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown to perform wireless communication. Figure 25 Embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0304] Referring to Figure 25 In step S2510, the first device can transmit a first sensing signal block including M samples. In step S2520, the first device can obtain a second sensing signal block by mixing a signal received from the second device reflecting the first sensing signal block with the first sensing signal block. In step S2530, the first device can convert the second sensing signal block into a third sensing signal block based on a delay spread. In step S2540, the first device can obtain a fourth sensing signal block by copying the third sensing signal block N times. In step S2550, the first device can perform N*M-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) for the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

[0305] For example, the second device can be detected based on the N*M-point FFT for the fourth sensing signal block.

[0306] For example, the second sensing signal block can be converted into the third sensing signal block by adding a signal related to the delay spread on the time domain to a starting portion of the second sensing signal block.

[0307] For example, the fourth sensing signal block can be obtained by copying the third sensing signal block N times and by concatenating the N copies of the third sensing signal block consecutively.

[0308] For example, based on an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) output signal related to the second sensing signal block being available, the second sensing signal block is converted to the third sensing signal block based on an M-sample reconstruction for the ADC output signal.

[0309] For example, based on an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) output signal related to the second sensing signal block being unavailable, the second sensing signal block is converted to the third sensing signal block based on an M-sample reconstruction for a signal obtained by an M-point FFT and an M-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) for the ADC output signal.

[0310] For example, at least one of the value of N and the value of M can be configured for the first device or the second device.

[0311] For example, at least one of the value of N and the value of M can be configured for a resource pool from which the first sensing signal block is transmitted.

[0312] For example, at least one of the value of N and the value of M can be reported from the first device to the second device.

[0313] For example, at least one of the value of N and the value of M can be represented by the first sensing signal block.

[0314] For example, at least one of the value of N and the value of M can be represented based on a sequence type sensing signal.

[0315] For example, the second sensing signal block can be obtained by frequency modulating the first sensing signal block based on at least one of the value of N and the value of M.

[0316] For example, the second sensing signal block can be obtained by frequency modulating the first sensing signal block such that a signal reflected from the second device appears in a part other than a part in which a signal reflected from clutter appears in a frequency domain.

[0317] The proposed method can be applied to a device based on various embodiments of the disclosure. First, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can control the transceiver 106 to transmit a first sensing signal block including M samples. Also, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can obtain a second sensing signal block by mixing a signal received by reflecting the first sensing signal block from the second device with the first sensing signal block. Also, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can convert the second sensing signal block to a third sensing signal block based on a delay spread. Also, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can obtain a fourth sensing signal block by copying the third sensing signal block N times. Also, the processor 102 of the first device 100 can perform an N*M-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) for the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

[0318] Based on embodiments of the disclosure, a first device adapted to perform wireless communication can be provided. For example, the first device can include at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one memory connected with the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, can cause the first device to perform operations including transmitting a first sensing signal block including M samples, obtaining a second sensing signal block by mixing a received signal in which the first sensing signal block is reflected from a second device with the first sensing signal block, converting the second sensing signal block into a third sensing signal block based on a delay spread, obtaining a fourth sensing signal block by copying the third sensing signal block N times, and performing an N*M-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) with respect to the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

[0319] Based on embodiments of the disclosure, a processing device adapted to control a first device can be provided. For example, the processing device can include at least one processor and at least one memory connected with the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, can cause the first device to perform operations including transmitting a first sensing signal block including M samples, obtaining a second sensing signal block by mixing a received signal in which the first sensing signal block is reflected from a second device with the first sensing signal block, converting the second sensing signal block into a third sensing signal block based on a delay spread, obtaining a fourth sensing signal block by copying the third sensing signal block N times, and performing an N*M-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) with respect to the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

[0320] Based on embodiments of the disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, can cause a first device to perform operations including transmitting a first sensing signal block including M samples, obtaining a second sensing signal block by mixing a received signal in which the first sensing signal block is reflected from a second device with the first sensing signal block, converting the second sensing signal block into a third sensing signal block based on a delay spread, obtaining a fourth sensing signal block by copying the third sensing signal block N times, and performing an N*M-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) with respect to the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

[0321] Figure 26 A method of a second device performing wireless communication based on embodiments of the disclosure is illustrated. Figure 26 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0322] Reference is made to Figure 26In step S2610, the second device can receive, from the first device, a first sensing signal block including M samples. In step S2620, the second device can transmit a signal to the first device by reflecting the first sensing signal block. For example, a second sensing signal block can be obtained by mixing a signal reflected from the second device with the first sensing signal block. For example, the second sensing signal block can be converted into a third sensing signal block based on a delay spread. For example, a fourth sensing signal block can be obtained by copying the third sensing signal block N times. For example, an N*M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) can be performed for the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

[0323] For example, the second device can be detected based on the N*M point fast Fourier transform (FFT) for the fourth sensing signal block.

[0324] For example, the second sensing signal block can be converted into the third sensing signal block by adding a signal related to the delay spread on the time domain to a start portion of the second sensing signal block.

[0325] For example, the fourth sensing signal block can be obtained by copying the third sensing signal block N times and by consecutively concatenating the N copies of the third sensing signal block.

[0326] For example, based on an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) output signal related to the second sensing signal block being available, the second sensing signal block can be converted into the third sensing signal block based on an M sample reconstruction for the ADC output signal.

[0327] For example, based on an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) output signal related to the second sensing signal block being unavailable, the second sensing signal block can be converted into the third sensing signal block based on an M sample reconstruction for a signal obtained by an M point FFT and an M point inverse FFT (IFFT) for the ADC output signal.

[0328] For example, at least one of the value of N and the value of M can be configured for the first device or the second device.

[0329] For example, at least one of the value of N and the value of M can be configured for a resource pool in which the first sensing signal block is transmitted.

[0330] For example, at least one of the value of N and the value of M can be reported from the first device to the second device.

[0331] For example, at least one of the value of N and the value of M can be represented by the first sensing signal block.

[0332] For example, at least one of the value of N and the value of M can be represented based on a sequence type sensing signal.

[0333] For example, the second sensing signal block can be obtained by frequency modulating the first sensing signal block based on at least one of a value of N and a value of M.

[0334] For example, the second sensing signal block can be obtained by frequency modulating the first sensing signal block such that a signal reflected from the second device appears in a part other than a part in which a signal reflected from the clutter appears in a frequency domain.

[0335] The proposed method can be applied to a device based on various embodiments of the disclosure. First, the processor 202 of the second device 200 can receive a first sensing signal block including M samples from a first device. In addition, the processor 202 of the second device 200 can transmit a signal to the first device by reflecting the first sensing signal block. For example, a second sensing signal block can be obtained by mixing a signal reflected from the second device with the first sensing signal block. For example, the second sensing signal block can be converted into a third sensing signal block based on a delay spread. For example, a fourth sensing signal block can be obtained by copying the third sensing signal block N times. For example, an N*M-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) can be performed for the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

[0336] Based on embodiments of the disclosure, a second device suitable for performing wireless communication can be provided. For example, the second device can include at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one memory connected with the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, can cause the second device to receive a first sensing signal block including M samples from a first device, and transmit a signal to the first device by reflecting the first sensing signal block. For example, a second sensing signal block can be obtained by mixing a signal reflected from the second device with the first sensing signal block. For example, the second sensing signal block can be converted into a third sensing signal block based on a delay spread. For example, a fourth sensing signal block can be obtained by copying the third sensing signal block N times. For example, an N*M-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) can be performed for the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

[0337] Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, a processing device adapted to control a second device can be provided. For example, the processing device can include at least one processor, and at least one memory connected with the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, can cause the second device to perform operations of: receiving, from a first device, a first sensing signal block including M samples; and transmitting a signal to the first device by reflecting the first sensing signal block. For example, a second sensing signal block can be obtained by mixing a signal reflected from the second device with the first sensing signal block. For example, the second sensing signal block can be converted into a third sensing signal block based on a delay spread. For example, a fourth sensing signal block can be obtained by copying the third sensing signal block N times. For example, an N*M-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) can be performed for the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

[0338] Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the second device can perform operations of: receiving, from a first device, a first sensing signal block including M samples; and transmitting a signal to the first device by reflecting the first sensing signal block. For example, a second sensing signal block can be obtained by mixing a signal reflected from the second device with the first sensing signal block. For example, the second sensing signal block can be converted into a third sensing signal block based on a delay spread. For example, a fourth sensing signal block can be obtained by copying the third sensing signal block N times. For example, an N*M-point fast Fourier transform (FFT) can be performed for the fourth sensing signal block. For example, the value of N and the value of M are positive integers.

[0339] Based on various embodiments of the present disclosure, in a radar system that detects a backscattering object based on a single sensing signal block transmission, by copying the single sensing signal block reflected from the backscattering object and received N times, and by concatenating the N copies of the single sensing signal block on a time axis, it can be virtually reconstructed in a manner that N consecutive sensing signal blocks are received. In this way, the detection performance for the backscattering object can be improved. Furthermore, based on a frequency offset generated by a radio frequency identification (RFID) attached to the backscattering object, since an interference component caused by a clutter reflection can be removed, the detection performance can be improved.

[0340] Various embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined with each other.

[0341] Hereinafter, a device to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied will be described.

[0342] Various descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows of the present disclosure described herein can be applied to, but not limited to, various fields requiring wireless communication / connection between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0343] Hereinafter, a description will be given in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings / description, the same reference numerals can denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks unless otherwise described.

[0344] Figure 27 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 27 Embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0345] Referring to Figure 27 The communication system 1 to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes wireless devices, base stations (BSs), and networks. Herein, a wireless device denotes a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G new RAT (NR) or long term evolution (LTE)) and can be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. The wireless device can include, without being limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2), an extended reality (XR) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an Internet of Things (IoT) device 100f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device / server 400. For example, the vehicle can include a vehicle having a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication. Herein, the vehicle can include an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an aerial vehicle (AV) (e.g., an advanced air mobility (AAM)). The XR device can include an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) device and can be implemented in the form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) mounted in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The handheld device can include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., a notebook). The home appliance can include a TV, a refrigerator, and a washing machine. The IoT device can include a sensor and a smartmeter. For example, the BS and the network can be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device 200a can operate as a BS / network node with respect to other wireless devices.

[0346] Here, in addition to LTE, NR, and 6G, a wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of the present disclosure can also include a narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. In this case, for example, an NB-IoT technology can be an example of a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology, and can be implemented as a standard such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, without being limited to the above names. Additionally or alternatively, a wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of the present disclosure can perform communication based on an LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, the LTE-M technology can be an example of a LPWAN, and can be referred to by various names including enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) or the like. For example, the LTE-M technology can be implemented as at least any of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, without being limited to the above names. Additionally or alternatively, a wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of the present disclosure can include at least one of Bluetooth, a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN), and ZigBee considering low-power communication, without being limited to the above names. As an example, a ZigBee technology can generate a personal area network (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards including IEEE 802.15.4 or the like, and can be referred to by various names.

[0347] The wireless devices 100a to 100f can be connected to the network 300 via the BS 200. An AI technology can be applied to the wireless devices 100a to 100f, and the wireless devices 100a to 100f can be connected to the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although the wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other through the BS 200 / network 300, the wireless devices 100a to 100f can perform direct communication (e.g., sidelink communication) between each other without passing through the BS / network. For example, the vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0348] The wireless communication / connection 150a, 150b, or 150c can be established between the wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS 200 or the BS 200 / BS 200. Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, integrated access backhaul (IAB)). The wireless devices and the BS / wireless devices can transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other through the wireless communication / connection 150a and 150b. For example, the wireless communication / connection 150a and 150b can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least a part of various configuration information configuration procedures for transmitting / receiving radio signals, various signal processing procedures (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation procedures can be performed based on various proposals of the disclosure.

[0349] Figure 28 A wireless device based on the embodiments of the disclosure is illustrated. Figure 28 The embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0350] Referring to Figure 28 , the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit radio signals through various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). Herein, {the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200} can correspond to {the wireless device 100x and the BS 200} and / or {the wireless device 100x and the wireless device 100x} in the disclosure. Figure 27

[0351] ​The first wireless device 100 can include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and can additionally include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor(s) 102 can control the memory(ies) 104 and / or the transceiver(s) 106, and can be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flows disclosed in the present document. For example, the processor(s) 102 can process information in the memory(ies) 104 to generate first information / signals, and then transmit radio signals including the first information / signals through the transceiver(s) 106. The processor(s) 102 can receive radio signals including second information / signals through the transceiver(s) 106, and then store information obtained by processing the second information / signals in the memory(ies) 104. The memory(ies) 104 can be connected to the processor(s) 102, and can store various information related to the operation of the processor(s) 102. For example, the memory(ies) 104 can store software code including commands for executing a part or the whole of processes controlled by the processor(s) 102 or for executing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flows disclosed in the present document. Here, the processor(s) 102 and the memory(ies) 104 can be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 106 can be connected to the processor(s) 102, and transmit and / or receive radio signals through the antenna(s) 108. Each transceiver 106 can include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 106 can be used interchangeably with Radio Frequency (RF) units. In the present disclosure, a wireless device can represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0352] The second wireless device 200 can include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and can additionally include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor(s) 202 can control the memory(ies) 204 and / or the transceiver(s) 206, and can be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flows disclosed in the present document. For example, the processor(s) 202 can process information in the memory(ies) 204 to generate third information / signals, and then transmit radio signals including the third information / signals through the transceiver(s) 206. The processor(s) 202 can receive radio signals including fourth information / signals through the transceiver(s) 106, and then store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signals in the memory(ies) 204. The memory(ies) 204 can be connected to the processor(s) 202, and can store various information related to the operation of the processor(s) 202. For example, the memory(ies) 204 can store software code including commands for executing a part or the whole of processes controlled by the processor(s) 202 or for executing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flows disclosed in the present document. Here, the processor(s) 202 and the memory(ies) 204 can be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver(s) 206 can be connected to the processor(s) 202, and transmit and / or receive radio signals through the antenna(s) 208. Each transceiver 206 can include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver(s) 206 can be used interchangeably with RF unit(s). In the present disclosure, a wireless device can represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0353] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail. One or more protocol layers can be implemented by, but are not limited to, one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 can implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed in the present document. One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed in the present document. One or more processors 102 and 202 can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed in the present document, and provide the generated signals to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206, and acquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed in the present document.

[0354] One or more processors 102 and 202 can be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 can be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or combinations thereof. For example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed in the present document can be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software can be configured to include modules, procedures, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed in the present document can be included in one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204 so as to be driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flows disclosed in the present document can be implemented using software or firmware in the form of codes, commands, and / or command sets.

[0355] The one or more memories 104 and 204 can be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 and can store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions and / or commands. The one or more memories 104 and 204 can be comprised of read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, a hard drive, registers, a cash memory, a computer-readable storage medium and / or a combination thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 can be located internal and / or external to the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 can be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 by various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0356] The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the methods and / or operational flows of the present document, to one or more other apparatuses. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functionalities, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in the present document, from one or more other apparatuses. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202, and can transmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 can perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other apparatuses. The one or more processors 102 and 202 can perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other apparatuses. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can be connected to the one or more antennas 108 and 208, and the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functionalities, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flows disclosed in the present document, through the one or more antennas 108 and 208. In the present document, the one or more antennas can be a plurality of physical antennas or a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can convert received radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals, in order to process received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., using the one or more processors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can convert user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202, from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 can include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0357] Figure 29 A signal processing circuit for transmitting a signal based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 29 Embodiments of the present disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0358] Referring to Figure 29 The signal processing circuit 1000 can include a scrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a precoder 1040, a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. Operations / functions of the signal processing circuit 1000 can be performed without being limited to Figure 29 Figure 28 ​The processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) can be used. Figure 28 Implemented by processors (102, 202) and / or transceivers (106, 206) Figure 29 Hardware components. For example, it can be achieved through... Figure 28 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1060. Alternatively, they can be implemented using... Figure 28 The processors (102, 202) implement boxes 1010 to 1050, and can be used to... Figure 28 The transceivers (106, 206) are used to implement the 1060 box.

[0359] Can be via Figure 29 The signal processing circuit 1000 converts codewords into radio signals. In this document, a codeword is a sequence of encoded bits for an information block. An information block may include a transport block (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). Radio signals can be transmitted via various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH and PDSCH).

[0360] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by scrambler 1010. The scrambling sequence used for scrambling can be generated based on an initial value, which may include the ID information of the wireless device. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by modulator 1020. The modulation scheme may include pi / 2-binary phase shift keying (pi / 2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), and m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM). The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by layer mapper 1030. The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped (pre-coded) to (one or more) corresponding antenna ports by pre-encoder 1040. The output z of pre-encoder 1040 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of layer mapper 1030 by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Pre-encoder 1040 can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) for the complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0361] The resource mapper 1050 can map the modulation symbols for each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator 1060 can generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signals can be transmitted to other apparatuses through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator 1060 can include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an up-converter.

[0362] The signal processing procedure for a signal received in a wireless apparatus can be configured in a manner opposite to that of the signal processing procedure (1010~1060) of Figure 29 Figure 28 The 100, 200) can receive a radio signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received radio signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Next, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource demapping procedure, a post-encoding procedure, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling procedure. The codeword can be restored into an original information block through decoding. Accordingly, the signal processing circuit (not shown) for receiving a signal can include a signal restorer, a resource demapper, a post-encoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

[0363] Figure 30 Another example of a wireless apparatus based on an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. The wireless apparatus (refer to Figure 27 ). Figure 30 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0364] Referring to Figure 30 , the wireless apparatus (100, 200) can correspond to the wireless apparatus (100, 200) of Figure 28 , and can be configured through various elements, components, units / portions, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless apparatus (100, 200) can include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, and additional components 140. The communication unit can include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver(s) 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 can include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of Figure 28 . For example, the transceiver(s) 114 can include one or more transmitters 116 and one or more receivers 118 of Figure 28 ​one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208). The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the storage unit 130, and the additional component 140, and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 can control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs / codes / commands / information stored in the storage unit 130. The control unit 120 can transmit information stored in the storage unit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) through the communication unit 110 via a wireless / wired interface, or store in the storage unit 130 information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) through the communication unit 110 via a wireless / wired interface.

[0365] The additional component 140 can be variously configured according to the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional component 140 can include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device can be implemented in the form of, without limitation, a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1 and 100b-2), an XR device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT device (100f), a digital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a financial technology device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (400), a BS (200), a network node, etc. According to a use case / service, the wireless device can be used in a mobile or fixed place. Figure 27 Figure 27 Figure 27 Figure 27 Figure 27 Figure 27 Figure 27 Figure 27

[0366] In Figure 30 ​​​​​​​​In the wireless device (100, 200), various elements, components, units / portions, and / or modules can all be connected to each other through a wired interface, or at least part of them can be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example, in each of the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 can be connected through a wired connection, and the control unit 120 and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) can be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / portion, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) can further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 can be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control unit 120 can be configured by a set of communication control processor, application processor, electronic control unit (ECU), graphic processing units, and memory control processor. As another example, the memory 130 can be configured by a set of random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read only memory (ROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0367] Hereinafter, examples of implementing the above-described Figure 30 will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0368] Figure 31 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. The handheld device can include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a notebook). The handheld device can be referred to as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wireless terminal (WT). Figure 31 Embodiments of the above-described

[0369] Referring to Figure 31 , the handheld device 100 can include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an I / O unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 can be configured as a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of the above-described Figure 30 , respectively.

[0370] The communication unit 110 can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or a BS. The control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling the constituent elements of the handheld device 100. The control unit 120 can include an application processor (AP). The storage unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to drive the handheld device 100. The storage unit 130 can store input / output data / information. The power supply unit 140a can supply power to the handheld device 100 and include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit 140b can support connection of the handheld device 100 to other external devices. The interface unit 140b can include various ports (e.g., audio I / O ports and video I / O ports) for connection with external devices. The I / O unit 140c can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user. The I / O unit 140c can include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit 140d, a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0371] For example, in the case of data communication, the I / O unit 140c can acquire information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, or video) input by a user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the storage unit 130. The communication unit 110 can convert the information / signals stored in the storage unit 130 into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals directly to other wireless devices or to a BS. The communication unit 110 can receive radio signals from other wireless devices or a BS, and then restore the received radio signals to original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the storage unit 130 and can be output as various types (e.g., text, voice, image, video, or haptic) through the I / O unit 140.

[0372] Figure 32 A vehicle or autonomous vehicle based on embodiments of the disclosure is illustrated. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle can be implemented by a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc. Figure 32 Embodiments of the disclosure can be combined with various embodiments of the disclosure.

[0373] Referring to Figure 32 The vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 can include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a driving unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 can be configured as a part of the communication unit 110. The blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to the blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of Figure 30 ​

[0374] The communication unit 110 can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BSs (e.g., gNBs and road side units), and servers. The control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100. The control unit 120 can include an electronic control unit (ECU). The driving unit 140a can cause the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to travel on a road. The driving unit 140a can include an engine, a motor, a transmission system, a wheel, a brake, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit 140b can supply power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100, and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle states, external environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c can include an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, a slope sensor, a weight sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illumination sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d can implement a technology for maintaining a lane in which the vehicle travels, a technology for automatically adjusting a speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), a technology for autonomously driving along a determined path, a technology for driving by automatically setting a path when a destination is set, etc.

[0375] For example, the communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d can generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan from the acquired data. The control unit 120 can control the driving unit 140a so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 can move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). In the middle of autonomous driving, the communication unit 110 can acquire recent traffic information data from an external server aperiodically / periodically, and surrounding traffic information data from a neighboring vehicle. In the middle of autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle states and / or surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving path and the driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. The communication unit 110 can deliver information about a vehicle position, an autonomous driving path, and / or a driving plan to an external server. The external server can predict traffic information data using an AI technology, etc. based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0376] The claims in the specification can be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features in the method claims of the specification can be combined to be implemented or executed in an apparatus, and the technical features in the apparatus claims can be combined to be implemented or executed in a method. In addition, the technical features in the method claim(s) and the technical features in the apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or executed in an apparatus. In addition, the technical features in the method claim(s) and the technical features in the apparatus claim(s) can be combined to be implemented or executed in a method.

Claims

1. A method for performing wireless communication by a first device, the method comprising the steps of: Send a first sensing signal block comprising M samples; The second sensing signal block is obtained by mixing the received signal, which is reflected from the second device by the first sensing signal block, with the first sensing signal block. Based on delay spread, the second sensing signal block is converted into a third sensing signal block; The fourth sensing signal block is obtained by copying the third sensing signal block N times; as well as Perform an N*M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the fourth sensing signal block. The values ​​of N and M are positive integers.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The second device is detected based on the N*M point FFT for the fourth sensing signal block.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The second sensing signal block is converted into the third sensing signal block by adding a signal that is related to the delay spread in the time domain to the beginning portion of the second sensing signal block.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The fourth sensing signal block is obtained by copying the third sensing signal block N times and by continuously cascading the N copies of the third sensing signal block.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Since the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) output signal associated with the second sensing signal block is available, the second sensing signal block is converted into the third sensing signal block based on M-sample reconstruction of the ADC output signal.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Since the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) output signal associated with the second sensing signal block is unavailable, the second sensing signal block is converted into the third sensing signal block based on M-sample reconstruction of the signal obtained by M-point FFT and M-point inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) of the ADC output signal.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the values ​​of N or M is configured for the first device or the second device.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the values ​​of N or M is configured for the resource pool that sends the first sensing signal block.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the values ​​of N or M is reported from the first device to the second device.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the values ​​of N or M is represented by the first sensing signal block.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The value of N or the value of M is represented based on a sequence-type sensing signal.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The second sensing signal block is obtained by frequency modulation of the first sensing signal block based on at least one of the values ​​of N or M.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The second sensing signal block is obtained by frequency modulation of the first sensing signal block such that the signal reflected from the second device appears in the frequency domain in a portion other than the portion where the signal reflected from clutter appears.

14. A first means adapted to perform wireless communication, the first means comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, which, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform an operation, the operation including: Send a first sensing signal block comprising M samples; The second sensing signal block is obtained by mixing the received signal, which is reflected from the second device by the first sensing signal block, with the first sensing signal block. Based on delay spread, the second sensing signal block is converted into a third sensing signal block; A fourth sensing signal block is obtained by copying the third sensing signal block N times; and Perform an N*M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the fourth sensing signal block. The values ​​of N and M are positive integers.

15. A processing apparatus suitable for controlling a first device, the processing apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, which, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to perform an operation, the operation including: Send a first sensing signal block comprising M samples; The second sensing signal block is obtained by mixing the received signal, which is reflected from the second device by the first sensing signal block, with the first sensing signal block. Based on delay spread, the second sensing signal block is converted into a third sensing signal block; A fourth sensing signal block is obtained by copying the third sensing signal block N times; and Perform an N*M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the fourth sensing signal block. The values ​​of N and M are positive integers.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, which, when executed, cause a first means to perform an operation, the operation comprising: Send a first sensing signal block comprising M samples; The second sensing signal block is obtained by mixing the received signal, which is reflected from the second device by the first sensing signal block, with the first sensing signal block. Based on delay spread, the second sensing signal block is converted into a third sensing signal block; The fourth sensing signal block is obtained by copying the third sensing signal block N times; as well as Perform an N*M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the fourth sensing signal block. The values ​​of N and M are positive integers.

17. A method for performing wireless communication by a second device, the method comprising the steps of: Receive a first sensing signal block comprising M samples from the first device; as well as The signal is sent to the first device by reflecting the first sensing signal block. Specifically, the second sensing signal block is obtained by mixing the signal reflected from the second device by the first sensing signal block with the first sensing signal block. Specifically, based on delay spread, the second sensing signal block is converted into a third sensing signal block. Specifically, the fourth sensing signal block is obtained by copying the third sensing signal block N times. Specifically, an N*M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is performed on the fourth sensing signal block, and The values ​​of N and M are positive integers.

18. A second means adapted to perform wireless communication, the second means comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform an operation, the operation including: Receives a first sensing signal block comprising M samples from the first device; and The signal is sent to the first device by reflecting the first sensing signal block. Specifically, the second sensing signal block is obtained by mixing the signal reflected from the second device by the first sensing signal block with the first sensing signal block. Specifically, based on delay spread, the second sensing signal block is converted into a third sensing signal block. Specifically, the fourth sensing signal block is obtained by copying the third sensing signal block N times. Specifically, an N*M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is performed on the fourth sensing signal block, and The values ​​of N and M are positive integers.

19. A processing apparatus suitable for controlling a second device, the processing apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to perform an operation, the operation including: Receives a first sensing signal block comprising M samples from the first device; and The signal is sent to the first device by reflecting the first sensing signal block. Specifically, the second sensing signal block is obtained by mixing the signal reflected from the second device by the first sensing signal block with the first sensing signal block. Specifically, based on delay spread, the second sensing signal block is converted into a third sensing signal block. Specifically, the fourth sensing signal block is obtained by copying the third sensing signal block N times. Specifically, an N*M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is performed on the fourth sensing signal block, and The values ​​of N and M are positive integers.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, which, when executed, cause a second means to perform an operation, the operation comprising: Receive a first sensing signal block comprising M samples from the first device; as well as The signal is sent to the first device by reflecting the first sensing signal block. Specifically, the second sensing signal block is obtained by mixing the signal reflected from the second device by the first sensing signal block with the first sensing signal block. Specifically, based on delay spread, the second sensing signal block is converted into a third sensing signal block. Specifically, the fourth sensing signal block is obtained by copying the third sensing signal block N times. Specifically, an N*M-point Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is performed on the fourth sensing signal block, and The values ​​of N and M are positive integers.

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