Battery charging and discharging method and device, computer equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery charging and discharging method and device, computer equipment and a storage medium. The battery charging and discharging method comprises the following steps: acquiring charging and discharging parameters and a battery performance reference table of a current battery; the charging and discharging parameters comprise real-time current, direct-current internal resistance and real-time voltage; determining a battery performance threshold value of the current battery based on the real-time current and a battery performance reference table; the battery performance reference table comprises a mapping relation between a battery performance threshold value and a current threshold value; calculating a voltage threshold value of the current battery based on the battery performance threshold value, the DC internal resistance and the real-time current; and based on the real-time voltage and the voltage threshold, adjusting the charging and discharging current limiting value of the current battery.

Description

Battery charging and discharging methods, apparatus, computer equipment, and storage media Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery management technology, and in particular to a battery charging and discharging method, apparatus, computer equipment, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of human society, batteries, as a key energy storage method, have been applied to all aspects of people's lives, such as portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and energy storage power stations. To further improve battery utilization efficiency, the Battery Management System (BMS), as an important component of battery management, can realize dynamic management of batteries, including estimating the current state of charge of the battery, detecting the operating status, and equalizing the charging of multiple individual cells.

[0003] In existing technologies, during battery charging and discharging, battery management systems typically limit the charging and discharging current based on the battery's instantaneous and continuous charging and discharging capabilities. This can be achieved by setting uniform current limits to protect the battery from over-discharge and over-charge. However, this current limiting method cannot address individual battery performance differences by adjusting for specific battery conditions. This can easily lead to shortened battery life due to improper charging and discharging management, resulting in battery and energy loss.

[0004] This shows that existing technologies still suffer from problems such as improper charging and discharging management and significant battery degradation.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] According to various embodiments of this application, a battery charging and discharging method, apparatus, computer device, and storage medium are provided.

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a battery charging and discharging method, applied during the charging process, discharging process, or charge-discharge process of a battery, the battery charging and discharging method comprising:

[0008] Obtain the current battery's charge / discharge parameters and battery performance reference table; the charge / discharge parameters include real-time current, DC internal resistance, and real-time voltage;

[0009] Based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table, the current battery performance threshold is determined; the battery performance reference table includes the mapping relationship between the battery performance threshold and the current threshold.

[0010] Based on the battery performance threshold, DC internal resistance, and real-time current, calculate the voltage threshold of the current battery; and

[0011] Based on the real-time voltage and the voltage threshold, the charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery is adjusted.

[0012] In one embodiment, obtaining the DC internal resistance includes the following steps:

[0013] Obtain the DC internal resistance reference table of the current battery; the DC internal resistance reference table includes the mapping relationship between DC internal resistance and state of charge, battery health status and battery temperature;

[0014] The current DC internal resistance of the battery is determined based on the state of charge, the battery health status, the battery temperature, and the DC internal resistance reference table.

[0015] In one embodiment, obtaining the current battery performance reference table includes the following steps:

[0016] Obtain the current charge / discharge state of the battery; the charge / discharge state includes charging state and discharging state; and

[0017] Based on the charge / discharge states, a battery performance reference table is obtained; the battery performance reference table includes a battery performance reference table corresponding to the charging state and a battery performance reference table corresponding to the discharging state.

[0018] In one embodiment, the battery performance threshold includes a lower performance threshold and a higher performance threshold.

[0019] In one embodiment, the battery performance reference table includes a threshold reduction reference table, which includes a mapping relationship between the performance lower limit threshold and the current threshold.

[0020] Determining the current battery performance lower limit threshold based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table includes the following steps:

[0021] Based on the real-time current, the lower limit threshold of the current battery performance is determined by searching the threshold reduction reference table.

[0022] In one embodiment, the battery performance reference table further includes a threshold adjustment reference table, which includes a mapping relationship between the performance upper limit threshold and the current threshold.

[0023] Determining the current battery's performance upper limit threshold based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table includes the following steps:

[0024] The current battery performance upper limit threshold is determined by looking up the threshold in the threshold adjustment reference table based on the real-time current.

[0025] In one embodiment, calculating the current battery voltage threshold based on the battery performance threshold, DC internal resistance, and real-time current includes the following steps:

[0026] Obtain the open-circuit voltage of the current battery;

[0027] Based on the battery performance threshold, the DC internal resistance, and the real-time current, determine the current battery polarization voltage threshold; and

[0028] The voltage threshold of the current battery is obtained by calculating the difference between the open-circuit voltage and the polarization voltage threshold.

[0029] In one embodiment, determining the polarization voltage threshold of the current battery based on the battery performance threshold, the DC internal resistance, and the real-time current includes the following steps:

[0030] The polarization voltage threshold of the current battery is obtained by calculating the product of the battery performance threshold, the DC internal resistance, and the real-time current.

[0031] In one embodiment, the voltage threshold includes a voltage lower limit threshold calculated based on the performance lower limit threshold. Adjusting the charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery based on the real-time voltage and the voltage lower limit threshold includes the following steps:

[0032] Compare the real-time voltage with the lower voltage threshold; and

[0033] When the real-time voltage is less than the lower voltage threshold, the current threshold in the reference table is adjusted based on the threshold to reduce the current limit value for charging and discharging of the current battery.

[0034] In one embodiment, the threshold reduction reference table includes a first charge / discharge current limit value and a second charge / discharge current limit value; the second charge / discharge current limit value is less than the first charge / discharge current limit value.

[0035] When the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery is the first charge / discharge current limit value, and the real-time voltage is less than the lower voltage threshold, reducing the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery based on the current threshold value in the reference table includes the following steps:

[0036] Switch the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery to the second charge / discharge current limit value.

[0037] In one embodiment, the voltage threshold includes a voltage upper limit threshold calculated based on the performance upper limit threshold. Adjusting the charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery based on the real-time voltage and the voltage upper limit threshold includes the following steps:

[0038] Compare the real-time voltage with the upper voltage threshold;

[0039] When the real-time voltage is greater than the upper voltage threshold, the current threshold in the reference table is adjusted upward based on the threshold to increase the charge and discharge current limit value of the current battery.

[0040] In one embodiment, the threshold adjustment reference table includes a third charge / discharge current limit value and a fourth charge / discharge current limit value; the fourth charge / discharge current limit value is less than the third charge / discharge current limit value.

[0041] When the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery is the fourth charge / discharge current limit value, and the real-time voltage is greater than the upper voltage threshold, the current threshold value of the reference table is adjusted upward based on the threshold value. Reducing the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery includes the following steps:

[0042] Switch the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery to the third charge / discharge current limit value.

[0043] Secondly, this application provides a battery charging and discharging device, the battery charging and discharging device comprising:

[0044] The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the current battery's charge and discharge parameters and battery performance reference table; the charge and discharge parameters include real-time current and real-time voltage.

[0045] A performance determination module is used to determine the current battery performance threshold based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table; the battery performance reference table includes a mapping relationship between the battery performance threshold and the current threshold.

[0046] A threshold calculation module is used to calculate the voltage threshold of the current battery based on the battery performance threshold and the real-time current; and

[0047] The current limiting adjustment module is used to adjust the charge and discharge current limiting value of the current battery based on the real-time voltage and the voltage threshold.

[0048] Thirdly, this application provides a computer device including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the method described above.

[0049] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method described above.

[0050] Details of one or more embodiments of this application are set forth in the following drawings and description. Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become apparent from the specification, drawings, and claims. Attached Figure Description

[0051] To better describe and illustrate embodiments and / or examples of the inventions disclosed herein, reference may be made to one or more accompanying drawings. Additional details or examples used to describe the drawings should not be considered as limiting the scope of any of the disclosed inventions, the currently described embodiments and / or examples, or the best mode of these inventions as currently understood.

[0052] Figure 1 is an application environment diagram of a battery charging and discharging method in one embodiment;

[0053] Figure 2 shows the application environment of the battery charging and discharging method in another embodiment;

[0054] Figure 3 is a schematic flowchart of a battery charging and discharging method in one embodiment;

[0055] Figure 4 is a schematic flowchart of a battery charging and discharging method in another embodiment;

[0056] Figure 5 is a structural block diagram of a battery charging and discharging device in one embodiment;

[0057] Figure 6 is an internal structure diagram of a computer device in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0058] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0059] The battery charging and discharging method provided in this application embodiment can be applied to the application environment shown in Figure 1. The terminal 102 communicates with the battery 104 via a communication network. A data storage system can store the data that the terminal 102 needs to process. The data storage system can be integrated on the battery 104 or placed in the cloud or on another network server. The terminal 102 obtains the current battery charging and discharging parameters and a battery performance reference table by communicating with the data storage system. The charging and discharging parameters include real-time current, DC internal resistance, and real-time voltage. Based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table, the terminal 102 determines the current battery performance threshold. The battery performance reference table includes a mapping relationship between the battery performance threshold and the current threshold. Based on the battery performance threshold, DC internal resistance, and real-time current, the terminal 102 calculates the current battery voltage threshold. Based on the real-time voltage and the voltage threshold, the terminal 102 adjusts the current limiting value for charging and discharging the current battery. The terminal 102 can be, but is not limited to, various personal computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, IoT devices, and portable wearable devices. IoT devices can include smart speakers, smart TVs, smart air conditioners, etc. Portable wearable devices can include smartwatches, smart bracelets, head-mounted devices, etc.

[0060] The battery charging and discharging method provided in this application embodiment can also be applied to the application environment shown in Figure 2. In this method, terminal 202 communicates with intelligent vehicle-mounted device 204 via a communication network. Intelligent vehicle-mounted device 204 includes a data storage system for storing data that terminal 202 needs to process. Terminal 202 can be embedded in intelligent vehicle-mounted device 204 or its location can be set based on actual needs. Terminal 202 obtains the current battery charging and discharging parameters and a battery performance reference table by communicating with intelligent vehicle-mounted device 204. The charging and discharging parameters include real-time current, DC internal resistance, and real-time voltage. Based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table, a battery performance threshold is determined for the current battery. The battery performance threshold is the ratio of the battery polarization voltage (open-circuit voltage - real-time voltage) to the product of the battery DC internal resistance and real-time current. The battery performance reference table includes a mapping relationship between the battery performance threshold and the current threshold. Based on the battery performance threshold, DC internal resistance, and real-time current, the voltage threshold of the current battery is calculated. Finally, based on the real-time voltage and the voltage threshold, the charging and discharging current limit value of the current battery is adjusted. Among them, terminal 202 may be, but is not limited to, various personal computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, IoT devices and portable wearable devices, and portable wearable devices may be smartwatches, smart bracelets, head-mounted devices, etc.

[0061] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG3, a battery charging and discharging method is provided, which is applied to the charging process, discharging process, or charging and discharging process of a battery. Taking the application of this method to terminal 102 in FIG1 as an example, the method includes the following steps:

[0062] Step S100: Obtain the current battery charging and discharging parameters and battery performance reference table.

[0063] The battery charging and discharging method in this embodiment can be applied to any one of lithium-ion batteries, lithium polymer batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lead-acid batteries, solid-state batteries, and sodium-ion batteries, or other batteries that can be charged and discharged using battery management technology. This embodiment does not limit the application of any particular battery.

[0064] The battery charging and discharging method of this embodiment can be used only for adjusting the current limit value during the charging process, or only for adjusting the current limit value during the discharging process, or for adjusting the current limit value during both the charging and discharging processes.

[0065] Charge and discharge parameters include real-time current, DC internal resistance, and real-time voltage. Real-time current and voltage can be obtained by measuring the current battery in real time. DC internal resistance is obtained by looking up the DC internal resistance reference table using the state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and battery temperature.

[0066] A battery performance reference table is a table that records the key performance parameters of the current battery. In this embodiment, the battery performance reference table includes a mapping relationship between battery performance thresholds and current thresholds. The battery performance thresholds can be set by the operator based on prior knowledge, or they can be calculated using relevant parameters of the current battery.

[0067] Step S200: Based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table, determine the current battery performance threshold.

[0068] The battery performance reference table includes the mapping relationship between battery performance thresholds and current thresholds. Therefore, based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table, the battery performance threshold of the current battery can be determined by looking up the battery performance reference table according to the real-time current, thereby determining the current threshold that matches the real-time current, and thus obtaining the battery performance threshold corresponding to the current threshold.

[0069] Step S300: Calculate the voltage threshold of the current battery based on the battery performance threshold, DC internal resistance, and real-time current.

[0070] It should be understood that different batteries have different polarization voltages under the same charging and discharging current because their states of charge and health are different.

[0071] For example, changes in the state of charge of a battery will cause changes in the distribution of active materials in the electrode material, resulting in different lengths of charge transfer paths. Consequently, the DC internal resistance of the battery will also be different, leading to different polarization voltages. Furthermore, the degree of electrochemical polarization inside the battery varies under different states of charge, and the degree of polarization is particularly pronounced when the state of charge is low.

[0072] For example, the deterioration of battery health is often accompanied by problems such as electrode material aging and electrode pore blockage. Electrode material aging leads to more severe electrochemical polarization under the same charge and discharge conditions, manifested as an increase in polarization voltage; electrode pore blockage hinders the penetration of electrolyte into the motor and the effective transport of ions, thereby exacerbating concentration polarization and causing an increase in polarization voltage.

[0073] It is evident that batteries with different states of charge and different battery health conditions will have different polarization voltages under the same charge and discharge conditions.

[0074] The voltage threshold of the current battery can be calculated by calculating the polarization voltage threshold of the current battery. The basic voltage threshold can be obtained by calculating the DC internal resistance and real-time current, and then the voltage threshold of the current battery can be obtained by adjusting the battery performance threshold.

[0075] Step S400: Adjust the charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery based on the real-time voltage and the voltage threshold.

[0076] Adjusting the charge / discharge current limit of the current battery based on real-time voltage and voltage threshold can be achieved by comparing the real-time voltage with the voltage threshold to determine whether the real-time voltage exceeds or falls below the voltage threshold, and thus determining whether the charge / discharge current limit needs to be adjusted.

[0077] In this embodiment, the voltage threshold can be the minimum voltage threshold, used to determine whether the charge / discharge current limit needs to be increased; the voltage threshold can also be the maximum voltage threshold, used to determine whether the charge / discharge current limit needs to be decreased.

[0078] Adjusting the current charging and discharging limit value of the current battery can be done linearly or non-linearly. The current limit value can be selected by looking up a preset current limit value table and switching between current limit values ​​step by step or skipping levels, or by calculating the current threshold of the current battery based on the voltage threshold and DC internal resistance, and then limiting the current according to the calculated current threshold.

[0079] This embodiment provides a battery charging and discharging method applied to the charging, discharging, or charge-discharge process of a battery. It obtains the current battery's charging and discharging parameters and a battery performance reference table. The charging and discharging parameters include real-time current, DC internal resistance, and real-time voltage. Based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table, a battery performance threshold is determined. The battery performance reference table includes a mapping relationship between battery performance thresholds and current thresholds. Based on the battery performance thresholds, DC internal resistance, and real-time current, the voltage threshold of the current battery is calculated. Based on the real-time voltage and the voltage threshold, the charge-discharge current limit value of the current battery is adjusted. Since factors such as state of charge, battery health, and battery temperature affect DC internal resistance and battery polarization, the battery performance threshold in the battery performance reference table is obtained based on the real-time current, and then the voltage threshold of the current battery is calculated. This allows for targeted adjustment of the current limit value based on the characteristics of different batteries, thereby optimizing charge-discharge management, reducing battery loss, and ultimately extending battery life.

[0080] In one embodiment, obtaining the DC internal resistance includes the following steps:

[0081] Obtain the DC internal resistance reference table of the current battery; and

[0082] The current DC internal resistance of the battery is determined based on the state of charge, the battery health status, the battery temperature, and the DC internal resistance reference table.

[0083] The DC internal resistance reference table includes the mapping relationship between DC internal resistance and state of charge, battery health status, and battery temperature. In this embodiment, the DC internal resistance reference table can be preset by the operator based on prior knowledge, or it can be obtained by fitting collected battery-related data or training a machine learning model. The battery-related data can include associated DC internal resistance, state of charge, battery health status, and battery temperature.

[0084] For example, parameters from multiple batteries can be collected to obtain a battery-related dataset. Each set of battery-related data can include DC internal resistance values, as well as battery health status, temperature values, and state of charge (SOH) associated with the DC internal resistance value. The battery health status, temperature values, and SOH are used as input features, and the DC internal resistance value is used as the output feature to train a machine learning model. This allows the machine learning model to establish a mapping relationship between SOH, battery health status, temperature values, and DC internal resistance values ​​through model parameter adjustments. When generating the DC internal resistance meter, based on the battery's SOC, DC internal resistance tests are performed on cells at different battery temperatures corresponding to different SOH conditions. Repeated tests are then performed using cells at different SOH conditions to obtain the battery DC internal resistance meter for the entire cell's lifespan. An example is illustrated below:

[0085] When the battery is in discharge mode and the state of health (SOH) is 100%, the internal resistance values ​​after 10 seconds of discharge are shown in Table 1:

[0086] Table 1

[0087] When the battery is in discharge mode and the state of health (SOH) is 90%, the internal resistance values ​​after 10 seconds of discharge are shown in Table 2.

[0088] Table 2

[0089] When the battery is in discharge mode and the state of health (SOH) is 80%, the internal resistance after 10 seconds of discharge is as follows:

[0090] Table 3

[0091] As shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3 above, the actual resistance value of the battery during discharge was obtained by testing under different battery temperatures, state of health (SOH), and state of charge (SOC) conditions, thus obtaining a battery DC internal resistance table for different life cycles. When using the battery DC internal resistance table, a data model was built by three-dimensional table lookup, and the parameters were linearized to obtain the linear relationship between battery temperature, battery state of health (SOH), state of charge (SOC), and DC internal resistance.

[0092] During battery discharge, the real-time battery temperature, state of health (SOH), and state of charge (SOC) are collected, and the corresponding DC internal resistance is obtained by looking up a table.

[0093] When the battery is in charging mode and the state of health (SOH) is 100%, the internal resistance values ​​after 10 seconds of discharge are shown in Table 4:

[0094] Table 4

[0095] When the battery is in charging mode and the state of health (SOH) is 90%, the internal resistance values ​​after 10 seconds of discharge are shown in Table 5:

[0096] Table 5

[0097] When the battery is in charging mode and the state of health (SOH) is 80%, the internal resistance values ​​after 10 seconds of discharge are shown in Table 6:

[0098] Table 6

[0099] As shown in Tables 4, 5, and 6 above, the actual resistance value of the battery during charging was obtained by testing under different battery temperatures, state of health (SOH), and state of charge (SOC) conditions, thus obtaining a battery DC internal resistance table for different life cycles of the battery cell. When using the battery DC internal resistance table, a data model was built by three-dimensional table lookup, and the parameters were linearized to obtain the linear relationship between battery temperature, battery state of health (SOH), state of charge (SOC), and DC internal resistance.

[0100] During the charging process, the battery temperature, state of health (SOH), and state of charge (SOC) are collected in real time, and the corresponding DC internal resistance is obtained by looking up a table.

[0101] This embodiment provides a battery charging and discharging method that obtains the current battery's DC internal resistance by looking up a DC internal resistance reference table based on the state of charge, battery health status, and battery temperature. This method is based on the principle that different batteries have different characteristics, and can obtain the current battery's DC internal resistance. This makes the final voltage threshold calculation more flexible and more in line with the characteristics of the battery itself, and further makes the adjustment of the current limiting value more accurate.

[0102] In one embodiment, obtaining the current battery performance reference table includes the following steps:

[0103] Obtain the current charge / discharge state of the battery; and

[0104] Based on the charge / discharge states, a battery performance reference table is obtained; the battery performance reference table includes a battery performance reference table corresponding to the charging state and a battery performance reference table corresponding to the discharging state.

[0105] The charge / discharge states include charging and discharging states. It is understood that the current limit value of the battery can differ between the charging and discharging states, thus creating a battery performance reference table with different parameters for each state.

[0106] For example, under the same conditions, the current limit value during charging can be lower than the current limit value during discharging, with stricter adjustment requirements, to prevent the polarization voltage from exceeding a certain level during charging and causing damage to the current battery. The current limit value during discharging can also be set lower than the current limit value during charging, depending on actual needs; this embodiment does not limit this.

[0107] This embodiment provides a battery charging and discharging method that, by setting two battery performance reference tables for charging and discharging states, enables targeted adjustment of the current limit value based on the charging and discharging conditions. This improves the flexibility of voltage threshold calculation and the accuracy of current limit value adjustment.

[0108] In one embodiment, the battery performance threshold includes a lower performance threshold and a higher performance threshold.

[0109] Among them, the performance lower limit threshold is the lower limit of battery performance corresponding to the magnitude of real-time current, and the performance upper limit threshold is the upper limit of battery performance corresponding to the magnitude of real-time current. By calculating the voltage threshold of the current battery based on the performance lower limit threshold or the performance upper limit threshold, combined with the DC internal resistance and real-time current, the upper and lower voltage limits corresponding to the current real-time current can be obtained to adjust the current limiting value.

[0110] This embodiment provides a battery charging and discharging method that uses a battery performance threshold composed of a lower performance threshold and a higher performance threshold to obtain the corresponding upper and lower voltage limits based on the current magnitude, thereby improving the accuracy of current limiting value adjustment.

[0111] In one embodiment, the battery performance reference table includes a threshold reduction reference table, which includes a mapping relationship between the performance lower limit threshold and the current threshold.

[0112] Determining the current battery performance lower limit threshold based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table includes the following steps:

[0113] Based on the real-time current, the lower limit threshold of the current battery performance is determined by searching the threshold reduction reference table.

[0114] The threshold reduction reference table can include multiple pairs of mapping relationships between performance lower limit thresholds and current thresholds. In the threshold reduction reference table, multiple current thresholds can be sorted in descending order; correspondingly, during the table lookup process, the current thresholds can be read sequentially in descending order.

[0115] For example, in the mapping relationship between multiple performance lower limit thresholds and current thresholds, multiple current thresholds can form at least one current range. Looking up a table based on the real-time current can determine which current range the real-time current falls into, and the performance lower limit threshold corresponding to the lower limit value of the current range can be used as the current battery's performance lower limit threshold. In a specific embodiment, the current thresholds include 500A, 350A, and 250A, and the formed current ranges can include 350A to 500A and 250A to 350A. When the real-time current is 400A, it falls into the current range of 350A to 500A, so the performance lower limit threshold corresponding to the lower limit value of the current range, 350A, can be used as the current battery's performance lower limit threshold.

[0116] This embodiment provides a battery charging and discharging method that determines the current battery performance lower limit threshold based on the real-time current and the threshold adjustment reference table. This allows for the selection of the corresponding performance lower limit threshold according to the current magnitude, thereby obtaining a voltage threshold adapted to the real-time current. This improves the flexibility of voltage threshold calculation and the accuracy of current limit value adjustment.

[0117] In one embodiment, the battery performance reference table further includes a threshold adjustment reference table, which includes a mapping relationship between the performance upper limit threshold and the current threshold.

[0118] Determining the current battery's performance upper limit threshold based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table includes the following steps:

[0119] The current battery performance upper limit threshold is determined by looking up the threshold in the threshold adjustment reference table based on the real-time current.

[0120] The threshold adjustment reference table can include multiple mapping relationships between performance upper limit thresholds and current thresholds. Furthermore, in the threshold adjustment reference table, multiple current thresholds can be sorted in ascending order; correspondingly, during the table lookup process, the current thresholds can be read sequentially in ascending order.

[0121] For example, in a mapping relationship between multiple performance upper limit thresholds and current thresholds, multiple current thresholds can form at least one current range. Looking up a table based on the real-time current can determine which current range the real-time current falls into, and the performance upper limit threshold corresponding to the upper limit of the current range can be used as the current battery's performance upper limit threshold. In a specific embodiment, the current thresholds include 200A, 300A, and 400A, and the formed current ranges can include 200A to 300A and 300A to 400A. When the real-time current is 250A, it falls into the 200A to 300A current range, so the performance upper limit threshold corresponding to the upper limit of the current range, 300A, can be used as the current battery's performance upper limit threshold.

[0122] This embodiment provides a battery charging and discharging method that determines the current battery performance upper limit threshold based on the real-time current and the threshold adjustment reference table. This allows for the selection of the corresponding performance upper limit threshold according to the current magnitude, thereby obtaining a voltage threshold adapted to the real-time current. This improves the flexibility of voltage threshold calculation and the accuracy of current limit adjustment.

[0123] In one embodiment, calculating the current battery voltage threshold based on the battery performance threshold, DC internal resistance, and real-time current includes the following steps:

[0124] Obtain the open-circuit voltage of the current battery;

[0125] Based on the battery performance threshold, the DC internal resistance, and the real-time current, determine the current battery polarization voltage threshold; and

[0126] The voltage threshold of the current battery is obtained by calculating the difference between the open-circuit voltage and the polarization voltage threshold.

[0127] The open-circuit voltage can be stored in the battery management system, obtained through communication with the battery management system, or obtained through real-time monitoring.

[0128] The polarization voltage threshold of the current battery can be determined based on the battery performance threshold, the DC internal resistance, and the real-time current. This can be achieved by calculating the basic voltage threshold using the DC internal resistance and the real-time current, and then adjusting the basic voltage threshold using the battery performance threshold to obtain the polarization voltage threshold of the current battery.

[0129] The difference between the open-circuit voltage and the polarization voltage threshold is calculated, and this difference can be used as the voltage threshold of the current battery.

[0130] Furthermore, if the current battery has multiple cells, when determining whether a single cell has an excessively high polarization voltage, the polarization voltage threshold of the current battery can be obtained by dividing it by the number of cells in the current battery to obtain the polarization voltage threshold of a single cell. Then, the difference between the open-circuit voltage and the polarization voltage threshold of the cell can be calculated to obtain the voltage threshold of the cell.

[0131] In one embodiment, determining the polarization voltage threshold of the current battery based on the battery performance threshold, the DC internal resistance, and the real-time current includes the following steps:

[0132] The polarization voltage threshold of the current battery is obtained by calculating the product of the battery performance threshold, the DC internal resistance, and the real-time current.

[0133] In one specific embodiment, the current battery comprises ten individual cells, and the voltage threshold of a single cell is the open-circuit voltage minus the polarization voltage threshold. The polarization voltage threshold is one-tenth of the product of the battery performance threshold, the DC internal resistance, and the real-time current.

[0134] In one embodiment, the voltage threshold includes a voltage lower limit threshold calculated based on the performance lower limit threshold. Adjusting the charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery based on the real-time voltage and the voltage threshold includes the following steps:

[0135] Compare the real-time voltage with the lower voltage threshold; and

[0136] When the real-time voltage is less than the lower voltage threshold, the current threshold in the reference table is adjusted based on the threshold to reduce the current limit value for charging and discharging of the current battery.

[0137] Specifically, when the real-time voltage is less than the lower voltage threshold, it indicates that the polarization voltage of the current battery is too high, and the charging or discharging current needs to be limited. In this embodiment, reducing the current limit value for charging and discharging of the current battery can be achieved by selecting a smaller current threshold value from the current thresholds in the threshold reduction reference table as the current limit value.

[0138] In one specific embodiment, the current thresholds in the threshold reduction reference table are arranged in descending order. Accordingly, when the real-time voltage is less than the lower voltage threshold, if the real-time current is greater than all current thresholds, the largest current threshold can be used as the current limiting value; if the real-time current is between two current thresholds, the smaller current threshold between the two current thresholds can be used as the current limiting value.

[0139] This embodiment provides a battery charging and discharging method that compares the real-time voltage with a voltage lower limit threshold. When the real-time voltage is less than the voltage lower limit threshold, the current threshold in the reference table is adjusted based on the threshold to reduce the current limit value of the current battery charging and discharging. This can achieve current limit value adjustment based on voltage lower limit threshold comparison.

[0140] In one embodiment, the threshold reduction reference table includes a first charge / discharge current limit value and a second charge / discharge current limit value; the second charge / discharge current limit value is less than the first charge / discharge current limit value.

[0141] When the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery is the first charge / discharge current limit value, and the real-time voltage is less than the lower voltage threshold, reducing the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery based on the current threshold value in the reference table includes the following steps:

[0142] Switch the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery to the second charge / discharge current limit value.

[0143] It is understandable that the first and second charge / discharge current limits can be set to different current limits in the charging and discharging states to meet the charging and discharging protection requirements under different states.

[0144] In this embodiment, the current limit value can be adjusted sequentially based on current thresholds. For example, during the adjustment of the current limit value, the current limit value can be adjusted sequentially from large to small based on multiple current thresholds in the battery performance reference table. After each adjustment, the current battery charging and discharging parameters are re-acquired, and the corresponding battery performance threshold and real-time voltage threshold are determined to determine whether further adjustment is needed.

[0145] This embodiment provides a battery charging and discharging method that, by adjusting the current limiting value by decreasing it step by step, can obtain the maximum operating current while ensuring that the current polarization voltage of the battery does not exceed the expected threshold, thereby achieving the effect of improving battery charging and discharging efficiency while extending battery life.

[0146] In one embodiment, the voltage threshold includes a voltage upper limit threshold calculated based on the performance upper limit threshold. Adjusting the charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery based on the real-time voltage and the voltage threshold includes the following steps:

[0147] Compare the real-time voltage with the upper voltage threshold;

[0148] When the real-time voltage is greater than the upper voltage threshold, the current threshold in the reference table is adjusted upward based on the threshold to increase the charge and discharge current limit value of the current battery.

[0149] When the real-time voltage is greater than the upper voltage threshold, it indicates that the polarization voltage of the current battery is relatively low, and the charging or discharging current can be relaxed. In this embodiment, increasing the charging and discharging current limit value of the current battery can be achieved by selecting a larger current threshold value from the current thresholds in the threshold adjustment reference table as the current limit value.

[0150] In one specific embodiment, the current thresholds in the threshold adjustment reference table are arranged in ascending order. Accordingly, when the real-time voltage is greater than the upper voltage threshold, if the real-time current is less than all current thresholds, the second current threshold can be used as the current limiting value; if the real-time current is between the two current thresholds, the larger current threshold can be used as the current limiting value.

[0151] This embodiment provides a battery charging and discharging method that compares the real-time voltage with the upper voltage threshold. When the real-time voltage is greater than the upper voltage threshold, the current threshold in the reference table is adjusted upward based on the threshold to increase the current limit value of the current battery charging and discharging. This can achieve current limit value adjustment based on the comparison of the upper voltage threshold.

[0152] In one embodiment, the threshold adjustment reference table includes a third charge / discharge current limit value and a fourth charge / discharge current limit value; the fourth charge / discharge current limit value is less than the third charge / discharge current limit value.

[0153] When the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery is the fourth charge / discharge current limit value, and the real-time voltage is greater than the upper voltage threshold, the current threshold value of the reference table is adjusted upward based on the threshold value. Reducing the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery includes the following steps:

[0154] Switch the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery to the third charge / discharge current limit value.

[0155] It is understandable that the third and fourth charge / discharge current limits can be set to different current limits in the charging and discharging states to meet the charging and discharging protection requirements under different states.

[0156] In this embodiment, the current limit value can be adjusted sequentially based on current thresholds. For example, during the adjustment of the current limit value, the current limit value can be adjusted sequentially from small to large according to multiple current thresholds in the battery performance reference table. After each adjustment, the current battery charging and discharging parameters are re-acquired, and the corresponding battery performance threshold and real-time voltage threshold are determined to determine whether further adjustment is needed.

[0157] This embodiment provides a battery charging and discharging method that, by adjusting the current limiting value incrementally, can obtain the maximum operating current while ensuring that the current battery polarization voltage does not exceed the desired threshold, thereby improving the battery charging and discharging efficiency while extending battery life.

[0158] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, a detailed embodiment is also provided.

[0159] In one embodiment, a battery charging and discharging method is provided, applied to the charging process, discharging process, or charge-discharge process of a battery, the method comprising the following steps:

[0160] Obtain the current charge / discharge state and charge / discharge parameters of the battery; the charge / discharge state includes charging state and discharging state; the charge / discharge parameters include real-time current, DC internal resistance, real-time voltage, state of charge, battery health status, battery temperature, and state of charge.

[0161] The process of obtaining the current battery's charge / discharge state and charge / discharge parameters includes: obtaining a DC internal resistance reference table for the current battery; the DC internal resistance reference table includes a mapping relationship between DC internal resistance and state of charge, battery health state, and battery temperature; and determining the DC internal resistance of the current battery based on the state of charge, battery health state, battery temperature, and the DC internal resistance reference table.

[0162] Based on the charge / discharge state, the battery performance reference table is determined;

[0163] The battery performance reference table includes a battery performance reference table corresponding to the charging state and a battery performance reference table corresponding to the discharging state. In this embodiment, the battery performance reference table is obtained by arranging the batteries in order of their maximum charge / discharge capacity from shortest to longest in the battery charge / discharge market, based on their performance characteristics.

[0164] The battery performance reference tables include a charging down-adjustment reference table, a charging up-adjustment reference table, a discharging down-adjustment reference table, and a discharging up-adjustment reference table. The charging down-adjustment and charging up-adjustment reference tables correspond to the battery performance reference tables for the aforementioned charging states; the discharging down-adjustment and discharging up-adjustment reference tables correspond to the battery performance reference tables for the aforementioned discharging states. The charging down-adjustment and discharging up-adjustment reference tables also correspond to the aforementioned threshold down-adjustment reference tables, each including the mapping relationship between the performance lower limit threshold and the current threshold; the charging up-adjustment and discharging up-adjustment reference tables also correspond to the aforementioned threshold up-adjustment reference tables, each including the mapping relationship between the performance upper limit threshold and the current threshold. In this embodiment, the charging down-adjustment, charging up-adjustment, discharging down-adjustment, and discharging up-adjustment reference tables can be executed independently.

[0165] In some embodiments, when the charging / discharging state is the charging state, the battery performance threshold of the current battery is determined based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table, including: determining the lower limit threshold of the current battery performance based on the real-time current and the charging down-adjustment reference table; and determining the upper limit threshold of the current battery performance based on the real-time current and the threshold up-adjustment reference table.

[0166] In some embodiments, when the charge / discharge state is the discharge state, the battery performance threshold of the current battery is determined based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table, including: determining the lower limit threshold of the current battery performance based on the real-time current and the discharge down-adjustment reference table; and determining the upper limit threshold of the current battery performance based on the real-time current and the discharge up-adjustment reference table.

[0167] For each vehicle's operating cycle, the first battery performance threshold can be obtained from the battery performance parameter table for calculation.

[0168] In this embodiment, the battery performance thresholds recorded in the battery performance reference table represent the current battery's charge and discharge capacity requirements. Since the current battery's DC internal resistance may be affected by the state of charge, battery health, and battery temperature, the charge and discharge capacity requirements themselves cannot be accurately used to adjust the current limit value. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the DC internal resistance, real-time current, and open-circuit voltage to estimate the battery performance threshold upwards or downwards. Ultimately, this is reflected in the comparison between the real-time voltage and the voltage threshold to determine whether the current limit value needs to be adjusted.

[0169] Based on the battery performance threshold, DC internal resistance, and real-time current, the voltage threshold of the current battery is calculated, including: obtaining the open-circuit voltage of the current battery; calculating the product of the battery performance threshold, the DC internal resistance, and the real-time current to obtain the polarization voltage threshold of the current battery; and calculating the difference between the open-circuit voltage and the polarization voltage threshold to obtain the voltage threshold of the current battery.

[0170] Adjusting the charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery based on the real-time voltage and the voltage threshold includes: comparing the real-time voltage with the lower voltage threshold; when the real-time voltage is less than the lower voltage threshold, lowering the current threshold in the reference table based on the threshold to reduce the charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery; and comparing the real-time voltage with the upper voltage threshold; when the real-time voltage is greater than the upper voltage threshold, raising the current threshold in the reference table based on the threshold to increase the charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery.

[0171] Please refer to Table 7, which is a reference table for battery performance corresponding to the discharge state, including a discharge down-adjustment reference table and a discharge up-adjustment reference table.

[0172] Table 7

[0173] Please refer to Table 8. Table 8 is a reference table for battery performance corresponding to the charging state, including a charging-down reference table and a charging-up reference table respectively.

[0174] Table 8

[0175] Referring to the above battery performance reference table, in a specific embodiment, when the battery is in a discharging state and the real-time current of the current battery is between the minimum current threshold and the maximum current threshold, the polarization voltage of the battery gradually increases, and there may be a situation where the polarization voltage is too large. Then, it is necessary to determine the upper limit VDNn of the battery polarization voltage allowed in real time. The calculation formula for the upper limit VDNn of the battery polarization voltage is VDNn = DNn × R × I, where DNn is the performance lower limit threshold DN1 corresponding to the real-time current I in the discharging-down reference table, and R is the DC internal resistance. When the actual voltage Vmin of the battery < OCV - VDN1, where OCV is the open-circuit voltage, it means that the polarization voltage of the battery is too large, and it is necessary to limit the discharging current and gradually select a smaller current threshold as the current limiting value.

[0176] In a specific embodiment, when the battery is in a discharging state and the real-time current of the current battery is less than the minimum current threshold, the polarization voltage of the battery gradually decreases, and there may be a situation where the polarization is alleviated. Then, it is necessary to determine the lower limit VDPn of the battery polarization voltage allowed in real time. The calculation formula for the lower limit VDPn of the battery polarization voltage is VDPn = DPn × R × I, where DPn is the performance upper limit threshold DPn corresponding to the real-time current I in the discharging-up reference table, and R is the DC internal resistance. When the actual voltage Vmin of the battery > OCV - VDPn, where OCV is the open-circuit voltage, it means that the polarization voltage of the battery is alleviated, and it is possible to increase the discharging current and gradually select a larger current threshold as the current limiting value.

[0177] In a specific embodiment, when the battery is in a charging state and the real-time current of the current battery is between the minimum current threshold and the maximum current threshold, the polarization voltage of the battery gradually increases, and there may be a situation where the polarization voltage is too large. Then, it is necessary to determine the upper limit VCNn of the battery polarization voltage allowed in real time. The calculation formula for the upper limit VCNn of the battery polarization voltage is VCNn = CNn × R × I, where CNn is the performance lower limit threshold CN1 corresponding to the real-time current I in the charging-down reference table, and R is the DC internal resistance. When the actual voltage Vmax of the battery < OCV - VCN1, where OCV is the open-circuit voltage, it means that the polarization voltage of the battery is too large, and it is necessary to limit the charging current and gradually select a smaller current threshold as the current limiting value.

[0178] In one specific embodiment, when the battery is charging and the current real-time current is less than the minimum current threshold, the battery polarization voltage gradually decreases, which may lead to polarization mitigation. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the real-time allowable lower limit of battery polarization voltage, VCPn. The formula for calculating the lower limit of battery polarization voltage VCPn is VCPn = CPn × R × I, where CPn is the upper performance limit threshold corresponding to the real-time current I in the charging adjustment reference table, and R is the DC internal resistance. When the actual battery voltage Vmax > OCV - VCPn, where OCV is the open-circuit voltage, it indicates that the battery polarization voltage has been mitigated, and the charging current can be increased, with larger current thresholds selected as current limiting values ​​in stages.

[0179] During the charging and discharging process of a battery, if the real-time current is less than the minimum current threshold, it is not necessary to perform a downward estimation of battery performance. Conversely, if the real-time current is greater than the minimum current threshold, it is not necessary to perform an upward estimation of battery performance.

[0180] During battery charging and discharging, if the real-time current remains below the minimum current threshold, the charging and discharging process will not accelerate battery aging. If the real-time current directly exceeds the maximum current threshold, the battery is in a state of overcurrent discharge or overcurrent charge. After a preset time has elapsed in the current overcurrent state, the fault can be reported.

[0181] In one specific embodiment, the method of this embodiment is executed by the Battery Management System (BMS), as shown in Figure 4. Taking the discharge state as an example, the execution content may include:

[0182] The Battery Management System (BMS) sends the first mapping relationship, which can be the first set of mapping relationships in the discharge up-adjustment reference table and the discharge down-adjustment reference table.

[0183] Determine if the real-time current is greater than the minimum current threshold. If so, look up the current DC internal resistance of the battery by using the state of charge (SOC), state of battery health (SOH), and battery temperature.

[0184] If the lowest single-cell voltage is less than the lowest single-cell SOC (open-circuit voltage OCV obtained from the table) - performance lower limit threshold DNn × DC internal resistance R × real-time current I, then determine whether it has reached the minimum current threshold.

[0185] If the current threshold is already the minimum current threshold, the step of checking if the real-time current is greater than the minimum current threshold is executed again; if it is not the minimum current threshold, the BMS sends a down-adjustment mapping relationship, which can be the next set of mapping relationships in the discharge down-adjustment reference table.

[0186] When determining whether the real-time current is greater than the minimum current threshold, if not, then determine whether the real-time current is less than the minimum current threshold.

[0187] If the current current is not less than the minimum current threshold, then the step of determining whether the real-time current is greater than the minimum current threshold is executed again.

[0188] If the current is less than the minimum current threshold, the current DC internal resistance of the battery is obtained by looking up a table using the state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and battery temperature. Further, it is determined that the minimum single-cell voltage is greater than the open-circuit voltage OCV obtained from the minimum single-cell SOC lookup table minus the performance upper limit threshold DPn × DC internal resistance R × real-time current I. If not, the step of determining whether the real-time current is less than the minimum current threshold is repeated. If so, it is determined whether the maximum current threshold has been reached.

[0189] If the current threshold is already at its maximum, the process of determining whether the real-time current is less than the minimum current threshold is repeated. If the current threshold is not reached, the BMS sends an upward adjustment mapping relationship and re-executes the process of determining whether the real-time current is less than the minimum current threshold. The upward adjustment mapping relationship can be the next set of mapping relationships in the discharge upward adjustment reference table.

[0190] When the battery is charging, the discharge down-adjustment reference table and discharge up-adjustment reference table in the above steps need to be replaced with the charging down-adjustment reference table and charging up-adjustment reference table. Correspondingly, the performance lower limit threshold DNn and performance upper limit threshold DPn should be replaced with the performance lower limit threshold CNn and performance upper limit threshold CPn. This will not be elaborated on here.

[0191] In one specific embodiment, taking the current battery state of charge as 50%, open circuit voltage OCV as 3.7V, battery temperature T as 25℃, and the current battery as a 10-cell parallel system as an example, the battery performance reference table for the charging state shows current thresholds of 500A, 350A, and 250A, respectively, and the battery performance reference table for the discharging state shows current thresholds of 400A, 300A, and 200A, respectively. At this time, the DC internal resistance is 1.5mΩ in the discharging state and 1.6mΩ in the charging state.

[0192] After the Battery Management System (BMS) is initialized, the BMS sends the first mapping relationship, in which the current limit value in the discharge state is 500A and the current limit value in the charging state is 400A.

[0193] When the battery is charging and the real-time current is 400A, if the real-time current is greater than 350A, then it is determined whether the minimum single cell voltage is less than the voltage threshold. The voltage threshold = open circuit voltage - performance lower limit threshold DN1 × DC internal resistance R × current I / number of single cells, i.e. 3.7 - DN1 × 0.0015 × 400 / 10. If this state lasts for 1 second, then the current limit value is adjusted to 350A and the mapping relationship is lowered.

[0194] Then, when the real-time battery current is still 300A, which is greater than 250A, it is determined whether the minimum single cell voltage is less than the voltage threshold. The voltage threshold = open circuit voltage - performance lower limit threshold DN1 × DC internal resistance R × current I / number of single cells, i.e. 3.7 - DN2 × 0.0015 × 300 / 10. If this state lasts for 1 second, the current limit value is adjusted to 250A, and the mapping relationship is adjusted downward to the final mapping relationship. At this time, the final mapping relationship includes the minimum current threshold.

[0195] When the real-time battery current is 100A, which is less than 250A, it is determined whether the minimum single cell voltage is greater than the voltage threshold. The voltage threshold is calculated as: open circuit voltage - performance upper limit threshold DP2 × DC internal resistance R × current I / number of single cells, i.e., 3.7 - DP2 × 0.0015 × 100 / 10. If this state lasts for 1 second, the current limit value is adjusted to 350A, and the mapping relationship is adjusted upward to the second mapping relationship.

[0196] When the battery is in the second mapping relationship, the current limit value can be switched up or down based on the current magnitude, without interfering with each other.

[0197] Similarly, when the battery is in a discharging state and the real-time current is 350A, if the real-time current is greater than 300A, then it is determined whether the lowest single cell voltage is less than the voltage threshold. The voltage threshold = open circuit voltage - performance lower limit threshold CN1 × DC internal resistance R × current I / number of single cells, i.e. 3.7 - CN1 × 0.0016 × 350 / 10. If this state lasts for 1 second, then the current limit value is adjusted to 300A, and the mapping relationship is lowered.

[0198] Then, when the real-time battery current is still 250A, which is greater than 200A, it is determined whether the minimum single cell voltage is less than the voltage threshold. The voltage threshold = open circuit voltage - performance lower limit threshold CN1 × DC internal resistance R × current I / number of single cells, i.e. 3.7 - CN2 × 0.0016 × 250 / 10. If this state lasts for 1 second, the current limit value is adjusted to 200A, and the mapping relationship is adjusted downward to the final mapping relationship. At this time, the final mapping relationship includes the minimum current threshold.

[0199] When the real-time battery current is 100A, which is less than 200A, it is determined whether the lowest single cell voltage of a single cell is greater than the voltage threshold. The voltage threshold is calculated as: open circuit voltage - performance upper limit threshold CP2 × DC internal resistance R × current I / number of single cells, i.e., 3.7 - CP2 × 0.0016 × 100 / 10. If this state lasts for 1 second, the current limit value is adjusted to 200A, and the mapping relationship is adjusted upward to the second mapping relationship.

[0200] When the battery is in the second mapping relationship, the current limit value can be switched up or down based on the current magnitude, without interfering with each other.

[0201] This embodiment provides a battery charging and discharging method that calculates the current battery voltage threshold by obtaining battery performance thresholds from a battery performance reference table based on real-time current. This allows for adjustment of the charging and discharging current limit value, enabling targeted current limit adjustments based on the characteristics of different batteries. This optimizes charging and discharging management, reduces battery wear, and ultimately extends battery life. By looking up the DC internal resistance reference table based on the state of charge, battery health, and battery temperature, the DC internal resistance of the current battery is obtained. This leverages the principle that different batteries have different characteristics, making the final voltage threshold calculation more flexible and more consistent with the battery's inherent characteristics, further improving the accuracy of current limit adjustments. By setting two battery performance reference tables for charging and discharging states, targeted current limit adjustments can be made based on the charging and discharging conditions, thereby improving the flexibility of voltage threshold calculation and the accuracy of current limit adjustments. By determining the lower performance threshold of the current battery based on the real-time current and the threshold adjustment reference table, the corresponding lower performance threshold can be selected according to the current magnitude to obtain a voltage threshold adapted to the real-time current, thus improving the flexibility of voltage threshold calculation and the accuracy of current limit adjustment. Similarly, by determining the upper performance threshold of the current battery based on the real-time current and the threshold adjustment reference table, the corresponding upper performance threshold can be selected according to the current magnitude to obtain a voltage threshold adapted to the real-time current, again improving the flexibility of voltage threshold calculation and the accuracy of current limit adjustment. By comparing the real-time voltage with the upper and lower voltage thresholds, and thereby increasing or decreasing the current limit value of the current battery, current limit adjustment based on the comparison of the upper and lower voltage thresholds can be achieved. By adjusting the current limit value by successive decreases and increases, the maximum operating current can be obtained while ensuring that the polarization voltage of the current battery does not exceed the desired threshold, thus improving battery charging and discharging efficiency while extending battery life.

[0202] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the steps or stages of other steps.

[0203] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a battery charging and discharging device for implementing the battery charging and discharging method described above. The solution provided by this device is similar to the solution described in the above method; therefore, the specific limitations in one or more battery charging and discharging device embodiments provided below can be found in the limitations of the battery charging and discharging method described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0204] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG5, a battery charging and discharging device is provided, applied to the charging process, discharging process, or charge-discharge process of a battery. The device includes: a parameter acquisition module 100, a performance determination module 200, a threshold calculation module 300, and a current limiting adjustment module 400, wherein:

[0205] The parameter acquisition module 100 is used to acquire the current battery's charging and discharging parameters and battery performance reference table; the charging and discharging parameters include real-time current, DC internal resistance and real-time voltage;

[0206] The performance determination module 200 is used to determine the battery performance threshold of the current battery based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table; the battery performance reference table includes the mapping relationship between the battery performance threshold and the current threshold.

[0207] Threshold calculation module 300 is used to calculate the voltage threshold of the current battery based on the battery performance threshold, DC internal resistance, and real-time current; and

[0208] The current limiting adjustment module 400 is used to adjust the charge and discharge current limiting value of the current battery based on the real-time voltage and the voltage threshold.

[0209] The parameter acquisition module 100 is also used for:

[0210] Obtain the current battery's DC internal resistance reference table; the DC internal resistance reference table includes the mapping relationship between DC internal resistance and state of charge, battery health state, and battery temperature; and

[0211] The current DC internal resistance of the battery is determined based on the state of charge, the battery health status, the battery temperature, and the DC internal resistance reference table.

[0212] In one embodiment, the parameter acquisition module 100 is further configured to:

[0213] Obtain the current charge / discharge state of the battery; the charge / discharge state includes charging state and discharging state; and

[0214] Based on the charge / discharge states, a battery performance reference table is obtained; the battery performance reference table includes a battery performance reference table corresponding to the charging state and a battery performance reference table corresponding to the discharging state.

[0215] In one embodiment, the parameter acquisition module 100 is further configured to:

[0216] In one embodiment, the battery performance threshold includes a lower performance threshold and a higher performance threshold.

[0217] In one embodiment, the battery performance reference table includes a threshold reduction reference table, which includes a mapping relationship between the performance lower limit threshold and the current threshold.

[0218] The performance determination module 200 is also used for:

[0219] Based on the real-time current, the lower limit threshold of the current battery performance is determined by searching the threshold reduction reference table.

[0220] In one embodiment, the battery performance reference table further includes a threshold adjustment reference table, which includes a mapping relationship between the performance upper limit threshold and the current threshold.

[0221] The performance determination module 200 is also used for:

[0222] The current battery performance upper limit threshold is determined by looking up the threshold in the threshold adjustment reference table based on the real-time current.

[0223] In one embodiment, the threshold calculation module 300 is further configured to:

[0224] Obtain the open-circuit voltage of the current battery;

[0225] Based on the battery performance threshold, the DC internal resistance, and the real-time current, determine the current battery polarization voltage threshold; and

[0226] The voltage threshold of the current battery is obtained by calculating the difference between the open-circuit voltage and the polarization voltage threshold.

[0227] In one embodiment, the threshold calculation module 300 is further configured to:

[0228] The polarization voltage threshold of the current battery is obtained by calculating the product of the battery performance threshold, the DC internal resistance, and the real-time current.

[0229] In one embodiment, the voltage threshold includes a lower voltage limit threshold calculated based on the performance lower limit threshold, and the current limiting adjustment module 400 is further configured to:

[0230] Compare the real-time voltage with the lower voltage threshold; and

[0231] When the real-time voltage is less than the lower voltage threshold, the current threshold in the reference table is adjusted based on the threshold to reduce the current limit value for charging and discharging of the current battery.

[0232] In one embodiment, the threshold reduction reference table includes a first charge / discharge current limit value and a second charge / discharge current limit value; the second charge / discharge current limit value is less than the first charge / discharge current limit value.

[0233] When the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery is the first charge / discharge current limit value, and the real-time voltage is less than the lower voltage threshold, the current limit adjustment module 400 is further configured to:

[0234] Switch the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery to the second charge / discharge current limit value.

[0235] In one embodiment, the voltage threshold includes a voltage upper limit threshold calculated based on the performance upper limit threshold, and the current limiting adjustment module 400 is further configured to:

[0236] Compare the real-time voltage with the upper voltage threshold;

[0237] When the real-time voltage is greater than the upper voltage threshold, the current threshold in the reference table is adjusted upward based on the threshold to increase the charge and discharge current limit value of the current battery.

[0238] In one embodiment, the threshold adjustment reference table includes a third charge / discharge current limit value and a fourth charge / discharge current limit value; the fourth charge / discharge current limit value is less than the third charge / discharge current limit value.

[0239] When the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery is the fourth charge / discharge current limit value, and the real-time voltage is greater than the upper voltage threshold, the current limit adjustment module 400 is further configured to:

[0240] Switch the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery to the third charge / discharge current limit value.

[0241] Each module in the aforementioned battery charging and discharging device can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in a computer device, or stored in the memory of a computer device as software, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0242] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as shown in Figure 6. The computer device includes a processor, memory, communication interface, display screen, and input device connected via a system bus. The processor of the computer device provides computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The communication interface of the computer device is used for wired or wireless communication with external terminals. Wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, mobile cellular networks, NFC (Near Field Communication), or other technologies. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a battery charging and discharging method. The display screen of the computer device may be a liquid crystal display (LCD) or an e-ink display. The input device of the computer device may be a touch layer covering the display screen, or buttons, a trackball, or a touchpad located on the casing of the computer device, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse, etc.

[0243] Those skilled in the art will understand that the structure shown in Figure 6 is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0244] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the battery charging and discharging method of any of the above embodiments:

[0245] Obtain the current battery's charge / discharge parameters and battery performance reference table; the charge / discharge parameters include real-time current, DC internal resistance, and real-time voltage;

[0246] Based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table, the current battery performance threshold is determined; the battery performance reference table includes the mapping relationship between the battery performance threshold and the current threshold.

[0247] Based on the battery performance threshold, DC internal resistance, and real-time current, calculate the voltage threshold of the current battery; and

[0248] Based on the real-time voltage and the voltage threshold, the charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery is adjusted.

[0249] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the battery charging and discharging method of any of the above embodiments:

[0250] Obtain the current battery's charge / discharge parameters and battery performance reference table; the charge / discharge parameters include real-time current, DC internal resistance, and real-time voltage;

[0251] Based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table, the current battery performance threshold is determined; the battery performance reference table includes the mapping relationship between the battery performance threshold and the current threshold.

[0252] Based on the battery performance threshold, DC internal resistance, and real-time current, calculate the voltage threshold of the current battery; and

[0253] Based on the real-time voltage and the voltage threshold, the charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery is adjusted.

[0254] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties.

[0255] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM). The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0256] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0257] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery charging and discharging method, characterized in that, The battery charging and discharging method, applicable to the charging, discharging, or charge-discharge process of a battery, includes the following steps: Obtain the current battery's charge / discharge parameters and battery performance reference table; the charge / discharge parameters include real-time current, DC internal resistance, and real-time voltage; Based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table, the current battery performance threshold is determined; the battery performance reference table includes the mapping relationship between the battery performance threshold and the current threshold. Based on the battery performance threshold, DC internal resistance, and real-time current, calculate the voltage threshold of the current battery; and Based on the real-time voltage and the voltage threshold, the charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery is adjusted.

2. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 1, wherein, Obtaining the DC internal resistance includes the following steps: Obtain the DC internal resistance reference table of the current battery; the DC internal resistance reference table includes the mapping relationship between DC internal resistance and state of charge, battery health status and battery temperature; The current DC internal resistance of the battery is determined based on the state of charge, the battery health status, the battery temperature, and the DC internal resistance reference table.

3. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 1, wherein, The battery performance thresholds include a lower performance threshold and an upper performance threshold.

4. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 3, wherein, Calculating the voltage threshold of the current battery based on the battery performance threshold, DC internal resistance, and real-time current includes the following steps: Obtain the open-circuit voltage of the current battery; Based on the battery performance threshold, the DC internal resistance, and the real-time current, determine the current battery polarization voltage threshold; and The voltage threshold of the current battery is obtained by calculating the difference between the open-circuit voltage and the polarization voltage threshold.

5. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 4, wherein, Determining the polarization voltage threshold of the current battery based on the battery performance threshold, the DC internal resistance, and the real-time current includes the following steps: The polarization voltage threshold of the current battery is obtained by calculating the product of the battery performance threshold, the DC internal resistance, and the real-time current.

6. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 3, wherein, The battery performance reference table includes a threshold reduction reference table, which includes the mapping relationship between the performance lower limit threshold and the current threshold. Determining the current battery performance lower limit threshold based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table includes the following steps: Based on the real-time current, the lower limit threshold of the current battery performance is determined by searching the threshold reduction reference table.

7. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 6, wherein, The voltage threshold includes a lower voltage limit calculated based on the performance lower limit threshold. Adjusting the charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery based on the real-time voltage and the lower voltage limit threshold includes the following steps: Compare the real-time voltage with the lower voltage threshold; and When the real-time voltage is less than the lower voltage threshold, the current threshold in the reference table is adjusted based on the threshold to reduce the current limit value for charging and discharging of the current battery.

8. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 7, wherein, The threshold reduction reference table includes a first charge / discharge current limit value and a second charge / discharge current limit value; the second charge / discharge current limit value is less than the first charge / discharge current limit value. When the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery is the first charge / discharge current limit value, and the real-time voltage is less than the lower voltage threshold, reducing the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery based on the current threshold value in the reference table includes the following steps: Switch the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery to the second charge / discharge current limit value.

9. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 3, wherein, The battery performance reference table also includes a threshold adjustment reference table, which includes the mapping relationship between the performance upper limit threshold and the current threshold. Determining the current battery's performance upper limit threshold based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table includes the following steps: Suddenly: The current battery performance upper limit threshold is determined by looking up the threshold in the threshold adjustment reference table based on the real-time current.

10. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 9, wherein, The voltage threshold includes a voltage upper limit threshold calculated based on the performance upper limit threshold. Adjusting the charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery based on the real-time voltage and the voltage upper limit threshold includes the following steps: Compare the real-time voltage with the upper voltage threshold; When the real-time voltage is greater than the upper voltage threshold, the current threshold in the reference table is adjusted upward based on the threshold to increase the charge and discharge current limit value of the current battery.

11. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 10, wherein, The threshold adjustment reference table includes a third charge / discharge current limit value and a fourth charge / discharge current limit value; the fourth charge / discharge current limit value is less than the third charge / discharge current limit value. When the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery is the fourth charge / discharge current limit value, and the real-time voltage is greater than the upper voltage threshold, the current threshold value of the reference table is adjusted upward based on the threshold value. Reducing the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery includes the following steps: Switch the current charge / discharge current limit value of the current battery to the third charge / discharge current limit value.

12. A battery charging and discharging device, characterized in that, The battery charging and discharging device includes: The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire the current battery's charge and discharge parameters and battery performance reference table; the charge and discharge parameters include real-time current and real-time voltage. A performance determination module is used to determine the current battery performance threshold based on the real-time current and the battery performance reference table; the battery performance reference table includes a mapping relationship between the battery performance threshold and the current threshold. A threshold calculation module is used to calculate the voltage threshold of the current battery based on the battery performance threshold and the real-time current; and The current limiting adjustment module is used to adjust the charge and discharge current limiting value of the current battery based on the real-time voltage and the voltage threshold.

13. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 11.

14. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 11.

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