Straw mushroom culture medium as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural resource utilization, and particularly relates to a straw mushroom culture medium and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides a preparation method of a straw mushroom culture medium, which comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing Guipao, bamboo reed, chicken manure biogas slurry, lime, wheat bran, waste cotton and bacillus subtilis according to a mass ratio of (35-45): (5-15): (8-13): (2-7): (5-15): (20-30): (1-3), and fermenting to obtain the straw mushroom culture medium. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the cultivation medium is optimized through the Guipao and the bamboo reed, and the segmented fermentation process is adopted, so that the utilization of the straw mushroom to a carbon source and a nitrogen source is improved, the fruiting time is shortened, and the straw mushroom yield is improved. Meanwhile, the invention also provides the volvariella volvacea culture medium prepared by the method and application thereof.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural resource utilization, specifically relating to a straw mushroom cultivation medium, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the cultivation of straw mushrooms mainly relies on conventional agricultural and forestry raw materials such as cottonseed hulls, corn cobs, cotton husks, rice straw, rice husks, wheat bran, wheat straw, and corn stalk powder. These raw materials have low lignin content and insufficient nutrients, resulting in low yields that are difficult to meet the needs of industrialized and large-scale production.

[0003] Both *Arundo donax* and *Arundo donax* are perennial, tall herbaceous plants with robust rhizomes and abundant leaves. From a nutritional perspective, these two plants are quite rich in nutrients, containing not only basic nutrients such as protein, minerals, and vitamins, but also boasting a crude protein content as high as 17.04% and a crude fat content of 5.61%. They are also rich in trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, providing comprehensive nutritional support for the growth of straw mushrooms. Furthermore, the robust, fibrous stems of both *Arundo donax* and *Arundo donax*, after being crushed, can serve as ideal skeletal materials, effectively improving the aeration of the cultivation substrate and creating favorable conditions for the growth of straw mushroom mycelium.

[0004] Furthermore, both *Arundinaria guizhuensis* and *Phragmites australis* grow rapidly and have strong regeneration capabilities. Under suitable environmental conditions, they can be harvested multiple times a year, yielding 12-25 tons per mu (approximately 0.16 acres). This high-yield characteristic allows them to stably provide a large quantity of high-quality straw mushroom cultivation substrate, providing a strong guarantee for the sustainable development of the mushroom industry.

[0005] Currently, *Gnaphalium affine* and *Arundinaria lobata* are widely used as cultivation substrates for straw mushrooms, but significant problems still exist in the fermentation technology. For example, excessively long fermentation times and uncontrollable fermentation temperatures lead to over-fermentation or incomplete fermentation of the substrate. Over-fermentation destroys the organic matter in the substrate, rendering it devoid of nutritional value; while incomplete fermentation fails to fully release nutrients from the substrate, affecting the normal growth of straw mushrooms. These problems directly result in nutrient loss, which in turn affects the growth rate of straw mushroom mycelium and the yield of fruiting bodies.

[0006] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved in this case is: how to increase the yield of straw mushrooms. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned yield problem of high-yield straw mushrooms, this invention provides a method for preparing a straw mushroom cultivation medium. This method achieves deep fermentation of the cultivation medium within two days through segmented fermentation, significantly reducing fermentation time and nutrient preservation, promoting the mycelial growth rate of straw mushrooms, and increasing the yield of straw mushroom cultivation.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for preparing a straw mushroom cultivation medium, the method comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1: Mix Guimu, Luzhu, chicken manure biogas slurry, lime, wheat bran, waste cotton and Bacillus subtilis evenly and ferment to obtain straw mushroom cultivation medium;

[0010] The mass ratio of the following components is 35-45:5-15:8-13:2-7:5-15:20-30:1-3.

[0011] Preferably, the above preparation method further includes the following step:

[0012] S11: Separate the fermented culture medium to obtain fermentation liquid and straw mushroom culture medium.

[0013] Preferably, the specific operation of the above fermentation step is as follows:

[0014] Place the well-mixed mixture from step S1 into a fermentation tank and first ferment at 45-50℃ for 2-4 hours; then raise the temperature to 58-68℃ and ferment for 8-12 hours; finally, lower the temperature to 45-50℃ and ferment for 10-12 hours. Air should be continuously introduced into the fermentation tank throughout the fermentation process.

[0015] Preferably, the Bacillus subtilis is produced by Lizhan (Shandong) Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0016] Preferably, the Guimu grass consists of 0.1-0.3cm Guimu grass powder and 3-5cm Guimu grass segments; the mass ratio of the Guimu grass powder to the Guimu grass segments is 1:2-4.

[0017] Preferably, the reed consists of 0.1-0.3cm reed grass powder and 3-5cm reed pasture segments; the mass ratio of the reed grass powder to the reed grass segments is 1:2-4.

[0018] Preferably, the Guimu is produced by Guangdong Weijing Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0019] Preferably, the reed is produced by Guangdong Weijing Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0020] Preferably, the wheat bran is produced by Foshan Sanshui Fengshun Food Co., Ltd.

[0021] Preferably, the total nitrogen content of the chicken manure biogas slurry is 3000~4000 mg / L, the total phosphorus content is 900~1200 mg / L, and the total potassium content is 2800~3000 mg / L.

[0022] More preferably, the preparation method of the chicken manure biogas slurry is as follows:

[0023] Place chicken manure with a moisture content of 60 - 80% in a sealed fermentation tank. In an environment of 30 - 40 °C, carry out anaerobic fermentation for 15 days, then filter the biogas slurry and biogas residue to obtain chicken manure biogas slurry with a total nitrogen content of 3000 - 4000 mg / L, a total phosphorus content of 900 - 1200 mg / L, and a total potassium content of 2800 - 3000 mg / L.

[0024] Gui Mu has a moderate carbon-nitrogen ratio and can be used as the main component in the cultivation medium to provide a carbon source and a nitrogen source for the growth of Volvariella volvacea. However, Volvariella volvacea requires a relatively high carbon-nitrogen ratio, while Arundo donax has a relatively high carbon-nitrogen ratio. As a regulating component to optimize the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the Volvariella volvacea cultivation medium, it can promote the growth of Volvariella volvacea. Chicken manure biogas slurry, as a quick-acting nitrogen source in the cultivation medium, can provide a nitrogen source for the growth of Volvariella volvacea and promote its growth. Moreover, the phosphorus source in chicken manure biogas slurry promotes the growth of Bacillus subtilis and the decomposition of cellulose by Bacillus subtilis. Through the segmented fermentation process, Bacillus subtilis can efficiently decompose the cellulose and lignin in Arundo donax and Gui Mu, convert complex organic substances into simple sugars that can be directly utilized by Volvariella volvacea, promote the utilization efficiency of the carbon source by Volvariella volvacea, shorten the fruiting time, and increase the yield of Volvariella volvacea.

[0025] Meanwhile, the present invention also discloses a Volvariella volvacea cultivation medium prepared by the above method.

[0026] Meanwhile, the present invention also discloses the application of the above Volvariella volvacea cultivation medium in the production of Volvariella volvacea.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] 1. By regulating the proportion of Arundo donax, Gui Mu, and chicken manure biogas slurry, optimizing the carbon-nitrogen ratio content of the cultivation medium, promoting the growth of Volvariella volvacea, and increasing its yield.

[0029] 2. Through the segmented fermentation process of Bacillus subtilis, realizing the decomposition of cellulose and lignin in the cultivation medium, converting macromolecular carbon sources into soluble sugars that can be absorbed by Volvariella volvacea, promoting the utilization rate of the carbon source by Volvariella volvacea, and increasing the yield of Volvariella volvacea.

[0030] In summary, through the optimization of the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the cultivation medium and the pre-degradation of cellulose and lignin, the present invention greatly promotes the growth of Volvariella volvacea and increases the yield of Volvariella volvacea. Specific Embodiments

[0031] To better illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of the present invention, the following will further explain the present invention in combination with specific experiments.

[0032] Example 1. A Volvariella volvacea cultivation medium and its preparation method

[0033] S1: Place chicken manure with a moisture content of 60% in a sealed fermentation tank and ferment it in an anaerobic environment at 35℃ for 15 days. After filtering the biogas slurry and biogas residue, chicken manure biogas slurry with a total nitrogen content of 4000 mg / L, a total phosphorus content of 1200 mg / L, and a total potassium content of 3000 mg / L is obtained.

[0034] S2: Mix Guimu grass, Luzhu grass, chicken manure biogas slurry prepared in step S1, lime, wheat bran, waste cotton, and Bacillus subtilis (Lizhan (Shandong) Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.) evenly in a mass ratio of 45:15:8:7:15:20:1; wherein, Guimu grass consists of 0.1 cm Guimu grass powder and 5 cm Guimu grass segments, with a mass ratio of Guimu grass powder to Guimu grass segments of 1:2; Luzhu grass consists of 0.3 cm Luzhu grass powder and 3 cm Luzhu grass segments, with a mass ratio of Luzhu grass powder to Luzhu grass segments of 1:4;

[0035] S3: Place the mixture from step S1 into a fermentation tank and first keep it at 45°C for 4 hours; then raise the temperature to 58°C and keep it at 58°C for 8 hours; finally lower the temperature to 45°C and keep it at 48°C for 12 hours; keep air flowing into the fermentation tank throughout the fermentation process.

[0036] S4: Separate the fermented culture medium to obtain fermentation liquid and straw mushroom culture medium.

[0037] Example 2: A straw mushroom cultivation medium and its preparation method

[0038] S1: Place chicken manure with a moisture content of 80% in a sealed fermentation tank and ferment it in an anaerobic environment at 30℃ for 15 days. After filtering the biogas slurry and biogas residue, chicken manure biogas slurry with a total nitrogen content of 3000 mg / L, a total phosphorus content of 1000 mg / L, and a total potassium content of 2900 mg / L is obtained.

[0039] S2: Mix Guimu grass, Luzhu grass, chicken manure biogas slurry prepared in step S1, lime, wheat bran, waste cotton, and Bacillus subtilis (Lizhan (Shandong) Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.) evenly in a mass ratio of 40:10:10:5:10:25:2; wherein, Guimu grass consists of 0.2 cm Guimu grass powder and 3 cm Guimu grass segments, with a mass ratio of Guimu grass powder to Guimu grass segments of 1:3; Luzhu grass consists of 0.2 cm Luzhu grass powder and 5 cm Luzhu grass segments, with a mass ratio of Luzhu grass powder to Luzhu grass segments of 1:3;

[0040] S3: Place the mixture from step S1 into a fermentation tank, first keep it at 50 ℃ for 3 hours; then raise the temperature to 60 ℃ and keep it at 60 ℃ for 10 hours; finally lower the temperature to 50 ℃ and keep it at 50 ℃ for 11 hours; keep air flowing into the fermentation tank throughout the fermentation process.

[0041] S3: Separate the fermented culture medium to obtain fermentation liquid and straw mushroom culture medium.

[0042] Example 3: A straw mushroom cultivation medium and its preparation method

[0043] S1: Place chicken manure with a moisture content of 70% in a sealed fermentation tank and ferment it in an anaerobic environment at 40℃ for 15 days. After filtering the biogas slurry and biogas residue, chicken manure biogas slurry with a total nitrogen content of 3500 mg / L, a total phosphorus content of 1100 mg / L, and a total potassium content of 2950 mg / L is obtained.

[0044] S2: Mix Guimu grass, Luzhu grass, chicken manure biogas slurry prepared in step S1, lime, wheat bran, waste cotton, and Bacillus subtilis (Lizhan (Shandong) Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.) evenly in a mass ratio of 35:5:13:2:5:30:3; wherein, Guimu grass consists of 0.3 cm Guimu grass powder and 4 cm Guimu grass segments, with a mass ratio of Guimu grass powder to Guimu grass segments of 1:4; Luzhu grass consists of 0.1 cm Luzhu grass powder and 4 cm Luzhu grass segments, with a mass ratio of Luzhu grass powder to Luzhu grass segments of 1:2; the total nitrogen content of the chicken manure biogas slurry is 3500 mg / L, the total phosphorus content is 1100 mg / L, and the total potassium content is 2950 mg / L;

[0045] S2: Place the mixture from step S1 into a fermentation tank and first keep it at 47 ℃ for 2 hours; then raise the temperature to 65 ℃ and keep it at 65 ℃ for 12 hours; finally lower the temperature to 45 ℃ and keep it at 45 ℃ for 10 hours; keep air flowing into the fermentation tank throughout the fermentation process.

[0046] S3: Separate the fermented culture medium to obtain fermentation liquid and straw mushroom culture medium.

[0047] Comparative Example 1

[0048] S1: Place chicken manure with a moisture content of 80% in a sealed fermentation tank and ferment it in an anaerobic environment at 30℃ for 15 days. After filtering the biogas slurry and biogas residue, chicken manure biogas slurry with a total nitrogen content of 3000 mg / L, a total phosphorus content of 1000 mg / L, and a total potassium content of 2900 mg / L is obtained.

[0049] S2: Mix Guimu grass, Luzhu grass, chicken manure biogas slurry prepared in step S1, lime, wheat bran, waste cotton, and Bacillus subtilis (Lizhan (Shandong) Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.) evenly in a mass ratio of 40:10:10:5:10:25:2; wherein, Guimu grass consists of 0.2 cm Guimu grass powder and 3 cm Guimu grass segments, with a mass ratio of Guimu grass powder to Guimu grass segments of 1:3; Luzhu grass consists of 0.2 cm Luzhu grass powder and 5 cm Luzhu grass segments, with a mass ratio of Luzhu grass powder to Luzhu grass segments of 1:3; the total nitrogen content of the chicken manure biogas slurry is 3000 mg / L, the total phosphorus content is 1000 mg / L, and the total potassium content is 2900 mg / L;

[0050] S2: Place the mixture from step S1 into a sealed fermentation tank and allow it to ferment naturally for 24 hours.

[0051] S3: Separate the fermented culture medium to obtain fermentation liquid and straw mushroom culture medium.

[0052] Comparative Example 2

[0053] Except for the addition of 0 units of Reed, all other conditions remained the same as in Implementation 2.

[0054] Comparative Example 3

[0055] Except for the addition of Guimu (a type of medicinal herb), the other conditions are consistent with those in Implementation 2.

[0056] Comparative Example 4

[0057] Except for using urea instead of chicken manure biogas slurry, the other conditions remain the same as in Implementation 2.

[0058] Performance testing

[0059] Strawberry mushrooms were cultivated in the strawberry culture media prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3. Each treatment was placed in one frame with three replicates, and the average value was taken.

[0060] The specific cultivation methods are as follows:

[0061] 1. Place the straw mushroom cultivation substrate prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 into a cultivation frame (40cm×60cm×22cm) and make it level with the height of the frame;

[0062] 2. Spread the straw mushroom spawn (Guangdong Weijing Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.) evenly on the surface of the cultivation substrate. The mass ratio of straw mushroom cultivation substrate to straw mushroom spawn is 1:0.02.

[0063] 3. Mycelium management and fruiting management, as detailed below:

[0064] Mycelium management: Temperature 36℃, moisture content of culture medium 70%, ambient humidity 80%, ambient carbon dioxide concentration 2000 ppm, maintained for 6 days;

[0065] Mushroom management: Temperature 33℃, moisture content of cultivation medium 80%, ambient humidity 90%, ambient carbon dioxide concentration 1000 ppm;

[0066] 4. After the mushrooms emerge, harvest continuously for 5 days and record the harvest volume.

[0067] The time from sowing to fruiting was recorded, the average yield was calculated, and the total biological efficiency of straw mushrooms was calculated according to the following formula. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0068]

[0069] Table 1. Fruiting time, daily yield, total yield, and overall biological efficiency

[0070] Time from sowing to mushroom production (days) <![CDATA[First day output (Kg / m 2 )]]> <![CDATA[Second day's output (Kg / m 2 )]]> <![CDATA[The production on the third day (Kg / m 2 )]]> <![CDATA[Fourth day output (Kg / m 2 )]]> <![CDATA[Output on the fifth day (Kg / m 2 )]]> <![CDATA[Total production in five days (Kg / m 2 )]]> Overall biological efficiency (%) Example 1 9 2.1 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.7 5.2 27.1 Example 2 7 2.4 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 6.1 31.3 Example 3 8 2.3 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 5.7 28.9 Comparative Example 1 12 1.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 4.6 17.4 Comparative Example 2 12 1.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 4.8 15.2 Comparative Example 3 11 1.7 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.5 4.4 16.8 Comparative Example 4 15 1.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 4.2 13.5

[0071] Results Analysis

[0072] As shown in Table 1, the time from sowing to fruiting for straw mushrooms using the straw mushroom cultivation medium provided by this invention is 7-9 days, which is significantly shorter than the comparative example. Using the straw mushroom cultivation medium provided by this invention, the average yield of straw mushrooms reaches 5.2-6.1 kg / m³. 2 The overall biological efficiency reached 27.1-31.3%, which significantly increased the average yield of straw mushrooms compared to the control group.

[0073] The results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 show that using Bacillus subtilis as the fermentation strain for staged fermentation of the culture medium can significantly shorten the fruiting time of straw mushrooms and increase their average yield. This is mainly because the cellulose and lignin in the culture medium are decomposed by Bacillus subtilis and converted into soluble sugars that straw mushrooms can absorb, thereby promoting the utilization rate of carbon sources by straw mushrooms, shortening the fruiting time, and increasing the yield of straw mushrooms.

[0074] The results of Experiment 2 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 show that the yield of straw mushrooms drops sharply when Reed or Cinnamomum camphora is absent. This is mainly because the combination of Reed and Cinnamomum camphora optimizes the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the culture medium, making the culture medium more suitable for cultivating straw mushrooms.

[0075] The results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 4 show that when urea is used instead of chicken manure biogas slurry, the fruiting time of straw mushrooms is prolonged and the yield of straw mushrooms is reduced. This may be because when urea is used instead of chicken manure biogas slurry, the growth of Bacillus subtilis is slow during fermentation due to the lack of phosphorus source, resulting in incomplete decomposition of cellulose and low utilization of carbon source by straw mushrooms.

[0076] In summary, this invention optimizes the carbon-nitrogen ratio by combining Reed and Cinnamomum cassia, uses Bacillus subtilis as the fermentation strain, and combines a segmented fermentation process with chicken manure biogas slurry to achieve rapid deep fermentation within 24 hours. This shortens the fermentation time, improves the utilization rate of carbon sources by straw mushrooms, shortens the fruiting time, and increases the yield of straw mushrooms.

[0077] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. Those skilled in the art can make corresponding changes and substitutions based on the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention, and any modifications or substitutions resulting in the same performance or application should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a cultivation substrate for Volvariella volvacea, characterized by, Comprising the following steps: S1: mixing guimu, reed, chicken manure slurry, lime, wheat skin, waste cotton and bacillus subtilis evenly and fermenting to obtain a straw mushroom cultivation base; The mass ratio of the guimu, reed, chicken manure slurry, lime, wheat skin, waste cotton and bacillus subtilis is 35-45:5-15:8-13:2-7:5-15:20-30:1-3.

2. The production method according to claim 1, characterized by, Further comprising the steps of: S11: separating the fermented cultivation base to obtain a fermentation liquor and a straw mushroom cultivation base.

3. The production method according to claim 1, characterized by, The specific operation of the fermentation step is: The mixture after being mixed evenly in step S1 is placed in a fermentation tank, first incubated and fermented at 45-50℃ for 2-4 hours; then incubated and fermented at 58-65℃ for 8-12 hours; finally incubated and fermented at 45-50℃ for 10-12 hours; air is continuously introduced into the fermentation tank during the fermentation process.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The guimu is composed of 0.1-0.3cm guimu grass powder and 3-5cm guimu grass segments; the mass ratio of the guimu grass powder and the guimu grass segments is 1:2-4.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reed is composed of 0.1-0.3cm reed grass powder and 3-5cm reed grass segments; the mass ratio of the reed grass powder and the reed grass segments is 1:2-4.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The total nitrogen content of the chicken manure slurry is 3000-4000mg / L, the total phosphorus content is 900-1200mg / L, and the total potassium content is 2800-3000mg / L.

7. A Volvariella volvacea cultivation substrate, characterised in that, Prepared by using the method of any one of claims 1-6. 8.A use of the straw mushroom cultivation base of claim 7 in straw mushroom production.

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