Micro-droplet assisted organic waste gas purification device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of waste gas treatment equipment, in particular to a micro-droplet-assisted organic waste gas purification device which comprises a treatment shell, a positive electricity preparation unit, a negative electricity preparation unit and a spraying unit. The positive electricity preparation unit is used for generating positive charges and allowing gas to pass through, the negative electricity preparation unit is arranged on the left side of the treatment shell and used for generating negative charges and treating fluid reacting with the positive charges on the negative charges through the positive electricity preparation unit, and the spraying unit is arranged on the right side of the treatment shell. The spraying unit is used for purifying fluid and separating gas and liquid in the fluid, macromolecular organic matters which are insoluble in water are converted into micromolecular matters which are soluble in water in situ by preparing charged micro-droplets and combining gas-phase free radical chain reaction triggered by micro discharge, and deep purification of organic waste gas from physical adsorption to chemical conversion is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste gas treatment equipment technology, and in particular to a micro-droplet-assisted organic waste gas purification device. Background Technology

[0002] Volatile organic gases (VOCs) are among the major air pollutants generated in industrial production. These gases, directly released into the atmosphere, not only exacerbate photochemical smog and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), severely polluting the atmosphere, but also pose a direct threat to human health. For example, benzene compounds, as common volatile solvents, can enter the human body through skin contact or the respiratory system, leading to chronic or acute poisoning and damaging the nervous system and hematopoietic function. Therefore, effective control of VOC emissions is an urgent need in the fields of environmental protection and public health.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for treating organic waste gas include adsorption, combustion, photocatalysis, and low-temperature plasma methods. However, these methods have their own limitations in practical applications: adsorption methods suffer from problems such as easy saturation of adsorbents, the need for frequent replacement and regeneration, and the potential generation of secondary solid waste; combustion methods (such as RTO and RCO) have high energy consumption, are suitable for high-concentration waste gases, and pose a risk of secondary pollution from nitrogen oxides (NOx); the treatment efficiency of photocatalysis is greatly affected by light conditions and catalyst deactivation; although the reaction speed of low-temperature plasma methods is fast, it has high energy consumption and requires high equipment corrosion resistance. Existing technologies generally suffer from a contradiction between treatment efficiency and operating costs, and between energy consumption and secondary pollution, urgently requiring a new purification technology that is efficient, low-consumption, and environmentally friendly. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the contradiction between processing efficiency and operating cost, energy consumption and secondary pollution in the prior art, and to provide a micro-droplet-assisted organic waste gas purification device.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a micro-droplet-assisted organic waste gas purification device, including a treatment shell, a positive charge preparation unit, a negative charge preparation unit, and a spray unit. The positive charge preparation unit is arranged in the middle of the treatment shell and is used to generate positive charges and allow gas to pass through. The negative charge preparation unit is arranged on the left side of the treatment shell and is used to generate negative charges and react with the positively charged fluid after being treated by the positive charge preparation unit. The spray unit is arranged on the right side of the treatment shell and is used to purify the fluid and separate the gas and liquid in the fluid. By preparing charged micro-droplets and combining them with the gas-phase free radical chain reaction initiated by micro-discharge, large organic molecules that are difficult to dissolve in water are converted in situ into small molecules that are easily soluble in water (such as alcohols, aldehydes, and acids). This achieves deep purification of organic waste gas from physical adsorption to chemical transformation, breaking through the limitations of traditional single physical methods (such as adsorption) or chemical methods (such as combustion), and has high treatment efficiency.

[0006] To address the challenge of providing a simple, reliable, and external high-voltage power source for a stable positive charge contact to trigger micro-discharge in a liquid stream, a positive charge preparation unit is further included, comprising a throat, a movable component, a contact, a connecting tube, and a conductive mesh. The throat has a preparation cavity, and a flow chamber at its center for fluid passage. An air inlet communicating with the preparation cavity is located on the throat. Both the contact and the movable component are arranged within the preparation cavity. The movable component is driven by the fluid to contact the contact, resulting in the movable component acquiring a negative charge and the contact acquiring a positive charge. The conductive mesh is located within the flow chamber and is connected to the contact. One end of the connecting tube communicates with the preparation cavity, and the other end communicates with the left-side cavity of the processing housing.

[0007] To address the challenge of selecting triboelectric material pairs to efficiently and stably generate the required charge (positively charged contacts), the method further includes using spherical polytetrafluoroethylene for the moving part and aluminum for the contacts.

[0008] To address the issue that moving parts may accumulate excessive negative charges during continuous friction, affecting their ability to generate electricity through friction with contact parts, a positive charge preparation unit is further included, comprising a charge-removing component. The charge-removing component is grounded, arranged within the preparation cavity, and is used to contact the moving parts.

[0009] To address the challenge of efficiently preparing a large number of micron-sized, negatively charged droplets to increase the probability of contact and adsorption with organic matter in waste gas, a negative charge preparation unit is further included. This unit comprises an aerosol tube, an ultrasonic atomizing head, a metal inner wall, and a discharge wire arranged within the aerosol tube. The aerosol tube is fixedly connected to the left side of the treatment housing. The ultrasonic atomizing head is arranged on the bottom surface of the aerosol tube. The metal inner wall is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the aerosol tube, and the discharge wire is located at the center of the metal inner wall.

[0010] To address the challenge of reducing the corona initiation voltage of the discharge line and enhancing discharge stability in order to achieve efficient droplet charging at relatively low voltages, a further step is to incorporate burrs on the discharge line.

[0011] To address the issue of effectively capturing water-soluble substances generated after micro-discharge reactions and achieving efficient separation of aerosol droplets in the exhaust air to prevent water discharge, a further solution is provided: a spray unit comprising a spray pipe, a spray head, packing material, and a separation shell. The spray pipe and the preparation shell are fixedly connected. The spray pipe has a connection port and a drain port. The packing material is arranged inside the spray pipe. The spray head and the preparation shell are fixedly connected, with the spray head located above the packing material and the connection port located below the packing material. The separation shell and the spray pipe are fixedly connected, forming a separation chamber. The connection port communicates with the lower part of the separation chamber. The separation shell has an exhaust port that communicates with the upper part of the separation chamber.

[0012] To address the challenge of effectively guiding airflow rotation within a confined space to generate sufficient centrifugal force for the separation of minute droplets, a further step is to arrange spiral-shaped guide grooves on the inner wall of the separation shell.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The micro-droplet-assisted organic waste gas purification device provided by the present invention forms a complete purification chain of charge adsorption, micro-discharge chemical conversion and spray collection by setting a series combination of a positive charge preparation unit, a negative charge preparation unit and a spray unit, thereby achieving efficient, low-consumption and environmentally friendly deep treatment of organic waste gas. By preparing charged microdroplets and combining them with gas-phase free radical chain reactions initiated by micro-discharge, large organic molecules that are difficult to dissolve in water are converted in situ into small molecules that are easily soluble in water (such as alcohols, aldehydes, and acids). This achieves deep purification of organic waste gas from physical adsorption to chemical transformation, breaking through the limitations of traditional single physical methods (such as adsorption) or chemical methods (such as combustion), and has high treatment efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Processing shell; 2. Positive charge preparation unit; 21. Throat; 211. Preparation cavity; 212. Flow cavity; 213. Air inlet; 22. Moving part; 23. Contact part; 24. Connecting pipe; 25. Conductive mesh; 26. Electricity removal part; 3. Negative charge preparation unit; 31. Aerosol pipe; 32. Ultrasonic atomizing head; 33. Metal inner wall; 34. Discharge wire; 341. Burr; 4. Spray unit; 41. Spray pipe; 411. Connecting port; 412. Drain outlet; 42. Spray head; 43. Packing material; 44. Separation shell; 441. Separation cavity; 442. Exhaust port; 443. Guide channel. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the invention.

[0018] like Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention. A micro-droplet-assisted organic waste gas purification device includes a treatment shell 1, a positive charge preparation unit 2, a negative charge preparation unit 3, and a spray unit 4. The positive charge preparation unit 2 is arranged in the middle of the treatment shell 1 and is used to generate positive charges and allow gas to pass through. The negative charge preparation unit 3 is arranged on the left side of the treatment shell 1 and is used to generate negative charges and react with the positively charged fluid after being treated by the positive charge preparation unit 2. The spray unit 4 is arranged on the right side of the treatment shell 1 and is used to purify the fluid and separate the gas and liquid in the fluid. By setting the positive charge preparation unit, the negative charge preparation unit, and the spray unit in series, a complete purification chain of charge adsorption, micro-discharge chemical conversion, and spray capture is formed, realizing efficient, low-consumption, and environmentally friendly deep treatment of organic waste gas.

[0019] The positive charge preparation unit 2 includes a throat 21, a movable component 22, a contact component 23, a connecting pipe 24, and a conductive mesh 25. The throat 21 has a preparation cavity 211 inside, and a flow chamber 212 for fluid passage at the center of the throat 21. The throat 21 has an air inlet 213 communicating with the preparation cavity 211. The contact component 23 and the movable component 22 are both arranged in the preparation cavity 211. The movable component 22 can be driven by the fluid to contact the contact component 23, so that the movable component 22 becomes negatively charged and the contact component 23 becomes positively charged. The conductive mesh 25 is located in the flow cavity 212 and is connected to the contact 23. One end of the connecting pipe 24 is connected to the preparation cavity 211, and the other end is connected to the left end cavity of the processing shell 1. The moving part 22 driven by organic waste gas collides with the contact 23, generating and maintaining the positive charge on the surface of the conductive mesh 25 in situ within the preparation cavity 211. The structure is ingenious and has extremely low energy consumption, providing the necessary conditions for micro-discharge reaction. The conductive mesh 25 is made of metal, such as aluminum or copper.

[0020] The moving part 22 is a spherical polytetrafluoroethylene, and the contact part 23 is made of aluminum. The use of polytetrafluoroethylene (which readily acquires negative charge) as the moving part 22 and aluminum (which readily acquires positive charge) as the contact part 23 forms a highly efficient triboelectric pair, ensuring that the contact part 23 and the connected conductive mesh 25 can continuously and stably acquire positive charge, thus guaranteeing the reliability of the device operation.

[0021] The positive charge preparation unit 2 includes a charge removal component 26, which is grounded and arranged in the preparation cavity 211. The charge removal component 26 is used to contact the moving part 22. The charge removal component 26 can be made of iron sheet or other conductive materials. By setting the grounded charge removal component 26, the excess negative charge accumulated on the moving part 22 can be periodically or continuously conducted away, maintaining its good triboelectric performance and ensuring the long-term stable operation of the positive charge preparation unit.

[0022] The negative charge preparation unit 3 includes an aerosol tube 31, an ultrasonic atomizing head 32, a metal inner wall 33, and a discharge line 34 arranged inside the aerosol tube 31. The aerosol tube 31 has a water inlet. The aerosol tube 31 is fixedly connected to the left side of the processing housing 1. The ultrasonic atomizing head 32 is arranged on the bottom surface of the aerosol tube 31. The metal inner wall 33 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the aerosol tube 31. The metal inner wall 33 can be made of metals such as copper or iron. The discharge line 34 is located at the center of the metal inner wall 33. The ultrasonic atomizing head 32 generates ultrafine water mist. Combined with the non-uniform electric field corona discharge formed by the metal inner wall 33 and the central discharge line 34, the droplets are efficiently charged, which can generate negatively charged microdroplets with high charge-to-mass ratio and uniform distribution, providing a high-quality medium for subsequent adsorption and reaction.

[0023] The discharge line 34 has burrs 341. By utilizing the tip effect of the burrs 341, a stronger local electric field is formed at the burrs 341, making corona discharge easier to occur and more stable, improving the droplet charging efficiency, and helping to reduce system energy consumption.

[0024] The spray unit 4 includes a spray pipe 41, a spray head 42, a packing material 43, and a separation shell 44. The spray pipe 41 and the preparation shell are fixedly connected. The spray pipe 41 has a connection port 411 and a drain port 412. The packing material 43 is arranged inside the spray pipe 41. The spray head 42 is fixedly connected to the preparation shell and is located above the packing material 43. The connection port 411 is located below the packing material 43. The separation shell 44 is fixedly connected to the spray pipe 41. The separation shell 44 and the spray pipe 41 enclose a separation chamber 441. The connection port 411 and the separation chamber 44 are connected. The lower part of 41 is connected, and an exhaust port 442 is provided on the separation shell 44. The exhaust port 442 is connected to the upper part of the separation chamber 441. Through the combined design of the spray head 42, the packing 43 and the separation shell 44, the packing 43 is first used to enhance the spray absorption effect, and then the separation chamber 441 is used for rotational centrifugal separation. This achieves efficient dissolution and removal of pollutants and deep dehumidification of exhaust gas, ensuring that the exhaust gas is clean and dry. The packing 43 is made of plastic. The packing 43 is hydrophobic and non-conductive, allowing electrons to combine with organic matter instead of being conducted away by metals or other conductive materials.

[0025] The inner wall of the separator 44 is provided with a spiral guide groove 443. The spiral guide groove 443 on the inner wall of the separator 44 can guide the airflow to move smoothly and forcibly in a spiral upward motion with a simple structure, which can significantly improve the centrifugal separation efficiency, ensure the gas-liquid separation effect, and the structure is reliable with no moving parts.

[0026] Working process: At startup, water is injected into the aerosol tube 31 of the negative charge preparation unit 3 until it submerges the ultrasonic atomizing head 32. The power supply of the ultrasonic atomizing head 32 is turned on, and the water is atomized into micron-sized fine droplets. At the same time, the high voltage power supply (3000-5000V) is connected to the discharge line 34. When the droplets pass through the area near the discharge line 34 during their ascent, they acquire a negative charge and form negatively charged micro-droplets. After the organic waste gas to be treated enters the treatment shell 1, it is fully mixed with these negatively charged micro-droplets. The negative charge on the surface of the droplets generates a strong electrostatic adsorption effect on the organic molecules in the waste gas, causing them to accumulate on the surface of the droplets. A mixed gas flow carrying negatively charged droplets and organic matter flows through the throat 21 of the positively charged preparation unit. Through the triboelectric effect in the throat 21, the conductive mesh 25 becomes positively charged. When the negatively charged droplets approach the positively charged conductive mesh 25, a strong electric field is generated, and a micro-discharge phenomenon occurs, breaking down the gas between the droplets. This process generates high-energy electrons, ozone, hydroxyl radicals and other active substances, which trigger the electrolysis of organic molecules and rapid degradation through chain reactions, generating substances that are more soluble in water, such as alcohols, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. After undergoing the micro-discharge reaction, the airflow enters the spray unit 4. The spray water flow from top to bottom and the airflow from bottom to top come into countercurrent contact at the packing 43. The packing 43 increases the gas-liquid contact area. The reaction products (water-soluble organic matter) and any residual charged droplets carried in the airflow are quickly dissolved or captured in the spray water. The water containing dissolved pollutants is discharged from the drain outlet 412 and enters the subsequent treatment unit. After being sprayed and washed, the humid airflow enters the separation chamber 441 of the separation shell 44. Guided by the spiral guide groove 443, the airflow rotates and uses centrifugal force to throw the residual tiny water droplets carried in the airflow onto the wall of the separation chamber 441 and collect and fall down, achieving efficient gas-liquid separation. Finally, the dry and clean gas is discharged from the exhaust port 442 at the top in compliance with standards.

[0027] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the inventive concept. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A microdroplet-assisted organic waste gas purification device, characterized in that, The system includes a processing housing (1), a positive charge preparation unit (2), a negative charge preparation unit (3), and a spray unit (4). The positive charge preparation unit (2) is located in the middle of the processing housing (1) and is used to generate positive charges and allow gas to pass through. The negative charge preparation unit (3) is located on the left side of the processing housing (1) and is used to generate negative charges and react with the positively charged fluid after passing through the positive charge preparation unit (2). The spray unit (4) is located on the right side of the processing housing (1) and is used to purify the fluid and separate the gas and liquid in the fluid.

2. The microdroplet-assisted organic waste gas purification device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The positive charge preparation unit (2) includes a throat (21), a movable part (22), a contact (23), a connecting pipe (24), and a conductive mesh (25). The throat (21) has a preparation cavity (211) inside. The center of the throat (21) has a flow cavity (212) for fluid to pass through. The throat (21) has an air inlet (213) that communicates with the preparation cavity (211). The contact (23) and the movable part (22) are both arranged in the preparation cavity (211). The movable part (22) can be driven by the fluid to contact the contact (23), so that the movable part (22) is negatively charged and the contact (23) is positively charged. The conductive mesh (25) is located in the flow cavity (212). The conductive mesh (25) is connected to the contact (23). One end of the connecting pipe (24) is connected to the preparation cavity (211), and the other end is connected to the left end cavity of the processing housing (1).

3. The microdroplet-assisted organic waste gas purification device as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The movable part (22) is spherical polytetrafluoroethylene, and the contact part (23) is made of aluminum.

4. The microdroplet-assisted organic waste gas purification device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The positive charge preparation unit (2) includes a charge removal component (26), which is grounded and arranged in the preparation cavity (211). The charge removal component (26) is used to contact the moving part (22).

5. The microdroplet-assisted organic waste gas purification device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The negative charge preparation unit (3) includes an aerosol tube (31), an ultrasonic atomizing head (32), a metal inner wall (33), and a discharge line (34) arranged inside the aerosol tube (31). The aerosol tube (31) is fixedly connected to the left side of the processing housing (1). The ultrasonic atomizing head (32) is arranged on the bottom surface inside the aerosol tube (31). The metal inner wall (33) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the aerosol tube (31). The discharge line (34) is located at the center of the metal inner wall (33).

6. The microdroplet-assisted organic waste gas purification device as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The discharge line (34) has burrs (341).

7. The microdroplet-assisted organic waste gas purification device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The spray unit (4) includes a spray pipe (41), a spray head (42), a packing material (43), and a separation shell (44). The spray pipe (41) and the preparation shell are fixedly connected. The spray pipe (41) has a connection port (411) and a drain port (412). The packing material (43) is arranged inside the spray pipe (41). The spray head (42) and the preparation shell are fixedly connected. The spray head (42) is located above the packing material (43). The connection port (411) is located below the packing material (43). The separation shell (44) and the spray pipe (41) are fixedly connected. The separation shell (44) and the spray pipe (41) enclose a separation chamber (441). The connection port (411) is connected to the lower part of the separation chamber (441). The separation shell (44) has an exhaust port (442) and the exhaust port (442) is connected to the upper part of the separation chamber (441).

8. The microdroplet-assisted organic waste gas purification device as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The inner wall of the separation shell (44) is provided with spiral-shaped guide grooves (443).

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