Floating power chuck

Abstract

A floating power chuck comprises a chuck body, a plurality of clamping jaws are arranged on the chuck body, at least two sets of clamping jaws are arranged in pairs, the floating power chuck further comprises a rear plate arranged on the chuck body in a covering mode, sliding grooves are formed in the chuck body in the radial direction, the clamping jaws are arranged in the sliding grooves in a sliding mode, hinge grooves are formed in the rear end faces of the clamping jaws, and movable grooves for containing the L-shaped connecting arms are formed in the rear ends of the sliding grooves of the chuck body. A sliding cavity is formed in the middle of the chuck, a floating seat is arranged in the sliding cavity, a pull rod is connected to the middle of the floating seat, the floating seat can be pulled by the pull rod to move in the axial direction of the chuck, a floating bridge is embedded in the side face of the floating seat, and the middle of the floating bridge is hinged to the floating seat and can swing. The two ends of the floating bridge are in linkage with the sliding grooves of the clamping jaws through L-shaped connecting arms respectively. According to the floating design, the force transmission efficiency and the system stability are improved. The overall moving part moves in the axial direction, the layout design is reasonable, and chuck gravity center shift caused by the floating effect is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to machining equipment accessories, particularly workpiece clamps. Background Technology

[0002] Powered chucks are used to clamp workpieces on machine tools for machining operations such as turning and milling. However, traditional powered chucks, lacking effective floating compensation, are prone to uneven clamping force distribution, workpiece deformation, or reduced machining accuracy when clamping workpieces with irregular surfaces or installation errors. While existing floating chucks can provide some compensation, they are complex in structure, expensive to manufacture, and difficult to maintain, making them unsuitable for high-speed, high-precision machining requirements. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a floating powered chuck with excellent floating performance, a simple and reliable structure, and easy maintenance to improve workpiece clamping stability and machining efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a floating dynamic chuck that employs an innovative floating compensation structure. This structure effectively compensates for workpiece surface irregularities and installation errors, ensuring uniform distribution of clamping force and reducing workpiece deformation. Simultaneously, the overall structure is simple and reliable, with low manufacturing costs and convenient maintenance. It is suitable for high-speed, high-precision machining environments, significantly improving workpiece clamping stability and machining efficiency.

[0004] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: a floating power chuck, including a chuck, a plurality of jaws on the chuck, the jaws being arranged in pairs of at least two sets, a rear plate covering the chuck, a radial groove for sliding the jaws on the chuck, a hinge groove on the rear end face of the jaws, and an L-shaped connecting arm. The rear end of the groove of the chuck has a movable groove for accommodating the L-shaped connecting arm, the L-shaped connecting arm is hinged in the middle, a sliding cavity is provided in the middle of the chuck, a floating seat is provided in the sliding cavity, a connecting rod is provided in the middle of the floating seat and can be pulled along the axial direction of the chuck by the connecting rod, a floating bridge is embedded in the side of the floating seat, the floating bridge is hinged in the middle of the floating seat and can be swung, and the two ends of the floating bridge are respectively linked to the groove of the jaws through the L-shaped connecting arm.

[0005] As a further definition of the floating power chuck, the floating seat has a first fixing hole for fixing the tie rod in the middle, a groove on the side of the floating seat, and a fixing plate. The fixing plate has a second fixing hole for fixing the other end of the hinge shaft in the middle. The fixing plate is fixedly installed with the floating seat, and the floating bridge passes through the hinge shaft in the middle and is limited to the side of the floating seat by the fixing plate.

[0006] As a further limitation of the floating dynamic chuck, the slot is provided on both sides and at the rear end of the chuck, and a fixing block is provided in the fixing block. The fixing block is clamped and fixed to the rear plate through the slot of the chuck.

[0007] As a further definition of the floating power chuck, the front end face of the chuck is symmetrically provided with sliding grooves along the central circumference, the center of the chuck is embedded with a floating seat, the rear end face of the center of the chuck extends rearward to form an extension, the middle of the extension forms a sliding cavity for the floating seat to slide, and the extension is embedded in the middle of the rear plate. The center of the chuck is provided with an opening for a pull rod to pass through, and the pull rod passes through the opening. It also includes a cover plate covering the front end face of the chuck, and the cover plate seals the sliding cavity.

[0008] As a further definition of the floating dynamic chuck, the gripper includes a clamping part and a sliding part slidably disposed on the slide groove, the hinge groove is disposed on the sliding part, and the clamping part and the sliding part are fixedly disposed.

[0009] As a further definition of the floating power chuck, the rear plate has a first oil injection hole on its side, the extension has a second oil injection hole that communicates with the first oil injection hole on its side, the second oil injection hole is connected to the sliding cavity, and the front end face of the rear plate has an oil injection channel that communicates with the movable cavity.

[0010] As a further limitation of the floating dynamic chuck, since the swing arms at both ends of the floating bridge need to swing, the L-shaped connecting arms usually need to be set as ball joint adapters. The ball joint design reduces the arm diameter of the L-shaped connecting arms. The floating bridge has circular openings at both ends, and adapters are installed in the openings. The rear end of the adapter is rotatably fixed in the circular opening of the floating bridge. The front end of the adapter extends with limiting plates at the top and bottom, respectively. The outer wall of the limiting plates fits into the circular opening, and the inner wall of the limiting plates is a plane that fits into one end of the L-shaped connecting arm.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The floating bridge is hinged to the floating seat at its center and can swing within its side groove. Combined with the linkage design between the floating bridge and the grippers via L-shaped connecting arms at both ends, the floating bridge can adaptively generate a slight swing when there are installation errors or surface irregularities in the workpiece. This swing is transmitted to the paired grippers through the L-shaped connecting arms, causing the grippers to make fine adjustments within the chuck groove, thereby effectively compensating for errors, ensuring uniform distribution of clamping force on the workpiece by multiple grippers, significantly reducing workpiece deformation, and improving clamping stability and machining accuracy. The first oil injection hole on the side of the rear plate and the second oil injection hole on the side of the extension are interconnected, ultimately introducing lubricating oil into the sliding cavity and the moving cavity. This provides continuous and effective lubrication for the axial movement of the floating seat in the sliding cavity, the swing of the floating bridge, and the movement of the L-shaped connecting arms in the moving groove, reducing wear and ensuring the smoothness and long service life of the floating mechanism under high-speed operation. The fit between the rear plate and the chuck step, the convex ring, and the cover plate also provide a good sealing foundation, preventing external impurities from entering the core moving area. The paired multiple grippers, coupled with a precise floating linkage mechanism, can adapt to a wider range of workpiece shapes and clamping requirements. The design of the chuck's central extension embedded in the center of the rear plate enhances the overall structural rigidity and coaxiality. The floating bridge's ends utilize adapters with limit plates that fit flush with the L-shaped connecting arms, eliminating the need for ball joints at the L-shaped connecting arm ends and increasing end strength. This improves force transmission efficiency and system stability. The entire moving part moves axially, and the rational layout design minimizes chuck center of gravity shift caused by the floating effect. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention.

[0013] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the invention from another perspective.

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the floating seat structure of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the floating seat and L-shaped connecting arm structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rear plate of the present invention.

[0018] The components are: 1. Chuck; 2. Gripper; 3. Rear plate; 4. L-shaped connecting arm; 5. Floating seat; 6. Tie rod; 7. Floating bridge; 8. Hinge shaft; 9. Fixing plate; 10. Cover plate; 11. Slide groove; 12. Sliding cavity; 13. Movable groove; 14. Step; 15. Extension; 16. Insert groove; 17. Fixing block; 21. Clamping part; 22. Sliding part; 23. Hinge groove; 31. Protruding ring; 32. First oil injection hole; 33. Oil injection channel; 51. First fixing hole; 71. Adapter; 72. Limiting piece; 91. Second fixing hole; 151. Second oil injection hole. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] like Figures 1 to 6As shown: A floating dynamic chuck 1 includes a chuck 1 with six jaws 2 arranged in pairs. A rear plate 3 seals the rear end of the chuck 1. The front surface of the chuck 1 has radially arranged grooves 11 for sliding the jaws 2. The rear end face of the jaws 2 has a hinge groove 23. The rear end of the grooves 11 of the chuck 1 has a movable groove 13 for accommodating an L-shaped connecting arm 4. The L-shaped connecting arm 4 is hinged in the middle. A sliding cavity 12 is provided in the middle of the chuck 1, and a floating seat 5 is provided inside the sliding cavity 12. A pull rod 6 is connected to the middle of the floating seat 5, allowing it to move axially along the chuck 1 by being pulled by the pull rod 6. A floating bridge 7 is embedded on the side of the floating seat 5 and can swing. The two ends of the floating bridge 7 are linked to the grooves 11 of the jaws 2 via the L-shaped connecting arms 4. The floating seat 5 has a first fixing hole 51 in the middle for fixing the tie rod 6, and a groove on the side of the floating seat 5. It also includes a fixing plate 9, and a second fixing hole 91 in the middle for fixing the other end of the hinge shaft 8. The fixing plate 9 is fixedly installed with the floating seat 5. The floating bridge 7 passes through the hinge shaft 8 in the middle and is limited to the side of the floating seat 5 by the fixing plate 9. The slots 16 are provided on both sides of the slot and at the rear end face of the chuck 1. The fixing blocks 17 are provided in the slots 16 and are clamped and fixed to the rear plate 3 by the slots 16 of the chuck 1. The chuck 1 has symmetrically arranged grooves 11 along its central circumference on its front end face. A floating seat 5 is embedded in the center of the chuck 1. The rear end of the chuck 1 has an extension 15, with a sliding cavity 12 formed in the middle of the extension 15 for the floating seat 5 to slide. The extension 15 is also embedded in the middle of the rear plate 3. The chuck 1 has an opening in the middle for a pull rod 6 to pass through. The extension 6 also includes a cover plate 10 covering the front end face of the chuck 1, which seals the sliding cavity 12. The claw includes a clamping part 21 and a sliding part 22 that slides on the groove 11. A hinge groove 23 is provided on the sliding part 22, and the clamping part 21 and the sliding part 22 are fixedly disposed. The side of the rear plate 3 has a first oil injection hole 32, and the side of the extension 15 has a second oil injection hole 151 that communicates with the first oil injection hole 32. The second oil injection hole 151 communicates with the sliding cavity 12. The front end face of the rear plate 3 has an oil injection channel 33 that communicates with the movable cavity. The rear plate 3 has a protruding ring 31 on its edge, and the rear end face of the chuck 1 has a step 14 around which the protruding ring 31 is engaged. The floating bridge 7 has circular openings at both ends, and an adapter 71 is provided in the opening. The rear end of the adapter 71 is rotatably fixed in the circular opening of the floating bridge 7. The front end of the adapter 71 extends with limiting pieces 72 at the top and bottom respectively. The outer wall of the limiting piece 72 fits with the circular opening, and the inner wall of the limiting piece 72 is a plane that fits with one end of the L-shaped connecting arm 4.

[0021] In this embodiment, when the pull rod 6 is subjected to axial tension, it drives the floating seat 5 to move backward along the chuck axis within the sliding cavity 12. The movement of the floating seat 5 transmits power through the centrally hinged floating bridge 7. The central part of the floating bridge 7 is hinged to the floating seat 5, and its two ends can generate a slight oscillation within the grooves on the side of the floating seat 5. This oscillation is transmitted to the corresponding L-shaped connecting arm 4 through the adapters 71 at both ends of the floating bridge 7. Specifically, one end of the L-shaped connecting arm 4 is flat against the inner wall of the limiting piece 72 of the adapter 71, and the other end extends into the hinge groove 23 at the rear end of the sliding part 22 of the gripper 2. Therefore, the oscillation of the floating bridge 7 forces the L-shaped connecting arm 4 to perform lever movement with its central hinge point as the fulcrum. The lever movement of the L-shaped connecting arm 4 converts its oscillation within the movable groove 13 into a force on the sliding part 22 of the gripper 2, driving the gripper 2 to slide synchronously inward in the clamping direction or outward in the releasing direction within the radial groove 11 of the chuck 1. When clamping workpieces with installation errors or irregular surfaces, the reaction force of the workpiece on the jaws 2 varies. This difference in force is fed back to both ends of the floating bridge 7 through the L-shaped connecting arm 4. The floating bridge 7 can adaptively generate a small angle swing around its central hinge point, thereby automatically adjusting the clamping force transmitted to each jaw 2, ensuring that the clamping force applied to the workpiece by the paired jaws 2 is evenly distributed. This floating compensation mechanism effectively avoids deformation or displacement of the workpiece due to uneven force, significantly improving clamping stability and machining accuracy. Lubricating oil can be injected through the first oil injection hole 32 on the side of the rear plate 3, flowing into the sliding cavity 12 through the second oil injection hole 151 to lubricate the moving interface of the floating seat 5, and simultaneously entering the movable cavity through the oil injection channel 33 to lubricate the movement of the L-shaped connecting arm 4 in the movable groove 13 and the hinge point. The mating structure of the cover plate 10 and the rear plate 3 with the chuck 1 ensures the sealing of the internal moving parts.

[0022] During use, since the two adjacent sets of grippers 2 are linked by the floating bridge 7, the pull rod 6 moves backward, causing the floating seat 5 to pull backward, which in turn causes the L-shaped connecting arm 4 to rotate, thereby causing the grippers 2 to slide and clamp the workpiece. When the other gripper 2 in the same group contacts the workpiece surface, the sliding part 22 of the gripper 2 also stops moving. At this time, if there is a height difference or installation eccentricity between the workpiece surfaces contacted by the two grippers 2, the floating bridge 7 will oscillate adaptively around its central hinge point. Specifically, the L-shaped connecting arm 4 on the side with greater contact resistance will apply a reverse force to the corresponding end of the floating bridge 7, causing the floating bridge 7 to deflect slightly in the groove on the side of the floating seat 5. This deflection motion is transmitted through the L-shaped connecting arm 4 on the other side to the gripper 2 in the same group with less contact resistance, pushing the gripper 2 to continue to slide slightly in the slide groove 11 until the gripper 2 also fully contacts the workpiece surface and achieves sufficient clamping force. By swinging the floating bridge 7, the two grippers 2 in the same group can independently adapt to the irregularities of the local surface of the workpiece, automatically adjusting their respective clamping stroke and final position to ensure that the clamping force is evenly applied to the contact surfaces on both sides of the workpiece, effectively avoiding workpiece deformation or slippage caused by excessive force at a single point. After the floating bridge 7 completes the swing compensation, the floating seat 5 finally reaches the set position under the continuous pulling force of the pull rod 6, and all grippers 2 obtain stable and balanced clamping force through the linkage mechanism formed by the floating bridge 7 and the L-shaped connecting arm 4.

Claims

1. A floating power chuck (1) comprising a chuck (1) provided with a number of jaws (2), characterized in that: The jaw (2) is arranged in pairs and at least two groups, further comprising a back plate (3) arranged on the chuck (1), the chuck (1) is radially provided with a sliding groove (11) for sliding the jaw (2), the rear end surface of the jaw (2) is provided with a hinge groove (23), further comprising an L-shaped connecting arm (4), the rear end of the sliding groove (11) of the chuck (1) is provided with a movable groove (13) for accommodating the L-shaped connecting arm (4), the middle part of the L-shaped connecting arm (4) is hingedly arranged, the middle part of the chuck (1) is provided with a sliding cavity (12), the sliding cavity (12) is provided with a floating seat (5), the middle part of the floating seat (5) is connected with a pull rod (6), the pull rod (6) can be pulled to move along the axial direction of the chuck (1), the side surface of the floating seat (5) is embedded with a floating bridge (7), the middle part of the floating bridge (7) is hingedly arranged in the floating seat (5) and can be swingably arranged, and the two ends of the floating bridge (7) are respectively connected with the sliding groove (11) of the jaw (2) through the L-shaped connecting arm (4).

2. The floating power chuck (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The middle part of the floating seat (5) is provided with a first fixing hole (51) for fixing the pull rod (6), the side surface of the floating seat (5) is provided with a groove, further comprising a fixed plate (9), the middle part of the fixed plate (9) is provided with a second fixing hole (91) for fixing the other end of the hinge shaft (8), the fixed plate (9) is fixedly arranged with the floating seat (5), and the middle part of the floating bridge (7) is arranged on the hinge shaft (8) and is limited on the side surface of the floating seat (5) through the fixed plate (9).

3. The floating power chuck (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The both sides of the groove and the rear end surface of the chuck (1) are provided with an embedded groove (16), the embedded groove (16) is provided with a fixed block (17), and the fixed block (17) is clamped and fixed with the back plate (3) through the embedded groove (16) of the chuck (1).

4. The floating power chuck (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end surface of the chuck (1) is symmetrically provided with a sliding groove (11) along the center, the chuck (1) is embedded with a floating seat (5) at the center, the rear end surface of the chuck (1) is extended to form an extension (15), the middle part of the extension (15) forms a sliding cavity (12) for sliding of the floating seat (5), and the extension (15) is embedded in the middle part of the back plate (3), the middle part of the chuck (1) is provided with an opening for penetrating the pull rod (6), the pull rod (6) is penetrated in the opening, further comprising a cover plate (10) arranged on the front end surface of the chuck (1), and the cover plate (10) seals the sliding cavity (12).

5. The floating power chuck (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jaw (2) comprises a clamping part (21) and a sliding part (22) sliding in the sliding groove (11), the hinge groove (23) is arranged on the sliding part (22), and the clamping part (21) and the sliding part (22) are fixedly arranged.

6. The floating power chuck (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side surface of the back plate (3) is provided with a first oil injection hole (32), the side surface of the extension (15) is provided with a second oil injection hole (151) penetrating the first oil injection hole (32), the second oil injection hole (151) is communicated with the sliding cavity (12), the front end surface of the back plate (3) is provided with an oil injection channel (33), and the oil injection channel (33) is communicated with the movable cavity.

7. The floating power chuck (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge of the back plate (3) is protrudingly provided with a convex ring (31), and the rear end surface of the chuck (1) is provided with a step (14) for clamping the convex ring (31).

8. The floating power chuck (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The floating bridge (7) is provided with a circular opening at both ends, the adapter (71) is rotatably fixed in the circular opening at the rear end of the floating bridge (7), the front end of the adapter (71) extends upward and downward to be provided with a limiting sheet (72), the outer wall of the limiting sheet (72) is attached to the circular opening, and the inner wall of the limiting sheet (72) is a plane attached to one end of the L-shaped connecting arm (4).

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