Vehicle-mounted intelligent power distribution method and power distribution box

Abstract

The application provides a kind of vehicle-mounted intelligent power distribution method and power distribution box, it is related to automobile electronic power distribution technical field, the method comprises: when vehicle power is powered on, MCU is according to the load type of each power channel of vehicle, and individualized configuration parameters are issued to high-side switch controller by SPI bus;MCU controls Efuse component to turn on each power channel, and the electrical energy output by vehicle power is distributed to corresponding load;At the same time, the current, voltage and temperature data returned are analyzed in real time, and if it is judged that there is overcurrent, overtemperature and / or overvoltage fault, control Efuse component to cut off the corresponding fault power channel;After fault removal, control Efuse component to re-conduct corresponding power channel, restore normal power distribution.The application solves the problem that the prior art is difficult to configure monitoring parameters for fault monitoring according to different load types, and is difficult to automatically restore power distribution through monitoring data after fault recovery, resulting in low power distribution efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive electronic power distribution technology, and in particular to an in-vehicle intelligent power distribution method and power distribution box. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous improvement of automotive electronics and intelligence, the types and number of on-board electrical loads have increased significantly, covering various power levels and operating characteristics of electrical units such as power control systems, in-vehicle entertainment equipment, and driver assistance modules. This places higher demands on the reliability, flexibility, and intelligence level of on-board power distribution systems.

[0003] However, existing vehicle power distribution solutions mostly employ traditional fuses or fixed-parameter power distribution protection structures. Due to significant differences in current requirements, temperature tolerance, and fault response characteristics among different loads, traditional solutions struggle to dynamically adjust monitoring thresholds and protection action parameters for overcurrent, overtemperature, and overvoltage based on load type, resulting in insufficient protection accuracy. Furthermore, after overcurrent or overtemperature faults occur and the corresponding channels are disconnected, most solutions require manual fault diagnosis and reset to restore power distribution, failing to achieve automatic power restoration based on monitoring data after fault resolution. This not only reduces the continuity and efficiency of vehicle power distribution but may also affect the normal operation of critical equipment during vehicle operation due to the inability to promptly restore faulty channels, potentially posing a risk to driving safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an in-vehicle intelligent power distribution method and power distribution box, which aims to solve the problem that the existing technology is difficult to configure monitoring parameters according to different load types for fault monitoring, and is difficult to automatically restore power distribution through monitoring data after fault recovery, resulting in low power distribution efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an in-vehicle intelligent power distribution method, applied to a power distribution box including an SBC power management chip, an MCU, and an Efuse component, comprising the following steps: When the vehicle power is turned on, the SBC power management chip first starts up and completes self-test, and supplies power to the MCU and vehicle electrical components. At the same time, the MCU initializes and establishes a communication connection with the high-side switch controller of the Efuse component through the SPI bus. The MCU sends personalized configuration parameters to the high-side switch controller via the SPI bus according to the load type of each power channel of the vehicle. The personalized configuration parameters include current protection threshold, fuse time parameter and / or temperature protection threshold, to complete the power distribution rule setting for each channel. The MCU controls the Efuse component to turn on each power channel, distributing the electrical energy output from the vehicle power supply to the corresponding load; at the same time, the Efuse component collects the current data of each channel and the temperature data of its own external MOSFET in real time, and the SBC power management chip monitors the total power supply voltage status in sync, and all monitoring data is transmitted back to the MCU in real time. The MCU performs real-time analysis of the returned data. If an overvoltage fault is detected, it sends a command via the SPI bus to control the Efuse component to cut off the corresponding faulty power supply channel. The high-side switch controller detects overcurrent and / or overtemperature fault events through the MCU's preset personalized configuration parameters and automatically shuts off the corresponding faulty power supply channel. After the fault is cleared, the MCU detects that the monitoring data has returned to normal, automatically clears the fault flag, controls the Efuse component to reconnect the corresponding power channel, and restores normal power distribution.

[0006] Furthermore, when the MCU malfunctions and cannot function properly, the SBC power management chip triggers the LimpHome mode, driving the high-side switch controller to maintain power supply to the predetermined critical load.

[0007] Furthermore, the load includes the load of transient overcurrent scenarios and the load of continuous overcurrent scenarios.

[0008] Furthermore, the overcurrent determination includes: for a load in a transient overcurrent scenario, when the current in the load channel exceeds a predetermined first current threshold and the duration exceeds a predetermined first duration threshold, or when the current exceeds a predetermined second current threshold, an overcurrent fault is determined; for a load in a continuous overcurrent scenario, when the current in the load channel exceeds a predetermined first current threshold and the duration exceeds a predetermined second duration threshold, an overcurrent fault is determined; wherein the first current threshold is less than the second current threshold, and the first duration threshold is greater than the second duration threshold.

[0009] Furthermore, regarding the overvoltage, when the high-side switch controller or SBC power management chip detects that the voltage exceeds a preset threshold, the MCU selects to cut off the channel based on the importance of the load.

[0010] Furthermore, when the load channel is determined to be over-temperature, the Efuse component is instructed to shut down the output stage and bypass switch, cutting off the corresponding channel until the temperature drops below the preset temperature threshold.

[0011] Furthermore, the MCU prioritizes channels according to a predetermined load importance level, and disconnects the load channels in order of priority from low to high when an overvoltage fault occurs.

[0012] Furthermore, the personalized configuration parameters are generated through a gradient boosting tree adaptive algorithm. Specifically, the MCU uses load type, vehicle operating status, ambient temperature and remaining battery power as input features, and calls a pre-trained gradient boosting tree model to output the optimal current protection threshold and fuse time constant in real time.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention provides a power distribution box, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores at least one program, which is executed by the processor to implement the vehicle-mounted intelligent power distribution method as described above.

[0014] The above technical solution has the following technical effects: When the vehicle power supply is turned on, the MCU sends personalized configuration parameters to the high-side switch controller via the SPI bus according to the load type of each power channel. The MCU controls the Efuse component to turn on each power channel, distributing the power output from the vehicle power supply to the corresponding load. Simultaneously, it analyzes the returned current, voltage, and temperature data in real time. If an overcurrent, overtemperature, or / or overvoltage fault is detected, the MCU controls the Efuse component to cut off the corresponding faulty power channel. After the fault is cleared, the MCU controls the Efuse component to turn on the corresponding power channel again, restoring normal power distribution. This invention solves the problems of existing technologies, such as the difficulty in configuring monitoring parameters according to different load types for fault monitoring and the difficulty in automatically restoring power distribution based on monitoring data after a fault is cleared, leading to low power distribution efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the vehicle-mounted intelligent power distribution method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a power distribution box according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram illustrating the interaction between the components of a power distribution box according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a power distribution box according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To further illustrate the various embodiments, the present invention provides accompanying drawings. These drawings are part of the disclosure of the present invention, primarily used to illustrate the embodiments and to explain the operating principles of the embodiments in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification. With reference to these drawings, those skilled in the art should be able to understand other possible implementations and the advantages of the present invention. Components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are generally used to represent similar components.

[0019] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0020] Example 1: like Figures 1-4 As shown, one embodiment of the present invention provides an in-vehicle intelligent power distribution method, applied to a power distribution box including an SBC power management chip, an MCU, and an Efuse component. In one specific implementation, the MCU serves as the core control unit of the system. The MCU is responsible for system initialization, power mode configuration, power channel on / off control, real-time acquisition and aggregation of diagnostic information such as current and temperature of each power channel, and storage and reporting of diagnostic data, achieving comprehensive monitoring and intelligent management of the power distribution system. The Efuse, an intelligent power component composed of a high-side switch controller and an external MOSFET, is responsible for real-time acquisition of key parameters such as current of the power channel and MOSFET temperature. It features soft-start functionality, enabling pre-charging of capacitive loads and effectively suppressing inrush current. It also integrates an electronic fuse protection mechanism (I2T fuse protection mechanism) to provide fast and accurate overcurrent and overtemperature protection, improving system safety and reliability. The SBC power management chip provides stable power to the MCU and other chips in the system, and integrates a watchdog function to monitor the MCU's operating status in real time, ensuring the system can enter a safe mode under abnormal conditions, improving overall operational reliability and safety. This method includes the following steps: When the vehicle power is turned on, the SBC power management chip first starts up and completes self-test, providing power to the MCU and vehicle electrical components. At the same time, the MCU initializes and establishes a communication connection with the high-side switch controller of the Efuse component through the SPI bus. Based on the load type of each power channel in the vehicle, the MCU sends personalized configuration parameters to the high-side switch controller via the SPI bus. In one specific implementation, the personalized configuration parameters include current protection threshold, fuse time parameter and / or temperature protection threshold to complete the power distribution rule setting for each channel. In another specific implementation, the load type includes loads in transient overcurrent scenarios and loads in continuous overcurrent scenarios.

[0021] In one specific implementation, personalized configuration parameters are generated through a gradient boosting tree adaptive algorithm. Specifically, the MCU takes load type, vehicle operating status, ambient temperature and remaining battery power as input features, and calls a pre-trained gradient boosting tree model to output the optimal current protection threshold and fuse time constant in real time.

[0022] In this embodiment, the current protection parameters are obtained through a gradient boosting tree algorithm, allowing the MCU to dynamically output an appropriate protection threshold and fuse time based on real-time operating conditions. Specifically, the following features are first acquired: load type (e.g., headlights, air conditioning, etc.), vehicle operating status (e.g., driving, idling, charging, etc.), ambient temperature, and remaining battery charge. These features reflect the actual operating scenario of the current circuit. The MCU acts as the control core, calling a pre-trained gradient boosting tree model. This algorithm excels at handling multi-feature nonlinear relationships and can learn the optimal protection rules under different operating conditions through a large amount of historical data. Finally, the optimal current protection threshold (the maximum safe current allowed to pass through the circuit) and fuse time constant (the delay setting for triggering fuse after exceeding the threshold) are output in real time, avoiding the problem of overly strict protection (frequent power outages) or insufficient protection (circuit overload) in complex scenarios with fixed parameters.

[0023] The MCU controls the Efuse component to turn on each power channel, distributing the electrical energy output from the vehicle power supply to the corresponding load; at the same time, the Efuse component collects the current data of each channel and the temperature data of its own external MOSFET in real time, and the SBC power management chip monitors the total power supply voltage status in sync, and all monitoring data is transmitted back to the MCU in real time. The MCU performs real-time analysis of the returned data. If an overvoltage fault is detected, it sends a command via the SPI bus to control the Efuse component to cut off the corresponding faulty power supply channel. The high-side switch controller detects overcurrent and / or overtemperature fault events through the MCU's preset personalized configuration parameters and automatically shuts off the corresponding faulty power supply channel. In one specific implementation, the overcurrent determination includes: for a load in a transient overcurrent scenario, when the current in the load channel exceeds a predetermined first current threshold and the duration exceeds a predetermined first duration threshold, or when the current exceeds a predetermined second current threshold, an overcurrent fault is determined; for a load in a continuous overcurrent scenario, when the current in the load channel exceeds a predetermined first current threshold and the duration exceeds a predetermined second duration threshold, an overcurrent fault is determined; in one specific implementation, the first current threshold is less than the second current threshold, and the first duration threshold is greater than the second duration threshold.

[0024] In this embodiment, the overcurrent protection aims to avoid excessive sensitivity to short-term transient overcurrents such as surge currents and capacitor charging (these are transients during normal circuit operation and should not trigger fuses), while also ensuring timely fuse tripping in the event of continuous overcurrent to protect PCB traces, connectors, etc., from overheating damage. Specifically, the first current threshold VOC_thrs (threshold corresponding to the maximum continuous current) and the first current threshold VHS_C_thrs (threshold corresponding to the hard short-circuit current) determine the interval division of "normal operation - graded protection - immediate fuse tripping in hard short circuit".

[0025] In addition, the tolerance of the load type in different scenarios to the overcurrent duration is different, and the time parameter Tnor needs to be set针对性.

[0026] For scenarios of transient overcurrent, such as circuits containing transient processes like large capacitor charging and motor startup: it is necessary to make the eFuse have a longer fusing time for transient overcurrents in the short-time small overcurrent range (VOC_thrs < Vsense < VHS_C_thrs), and make the fusing time of each level of the step curve longer at the corresponding current, ensuring that the eFuse does not fuse before the transient overcurrent ends and guaranteeing the adaptability of the circuit to transients.

[0027] For scenarios of continuous overcurrent, such as precision power supplies and signal links, overcurrent is likely to cause damage to core devices: it is necessary to make the eFuse have a shorter fusing time for continuous overcurrent, make the fusing time of each level of the step curve shorter at the corresponding current, accelerate the fusing speed during overcurrent, and reduce the damage to the circuit caused by overcurrent.

[0028] In a specific implementation, for overvoltage, when the high-side switch controller or SBC power management chip detects that the voltage exceeds the preset voltage threshold, the MCU selects to cut off the channel according to the importance of the load.

[0029] In a specific implementation, the MCU divides the channel priorities according to the predetermined load importance levels. When an overvoltage fault occurs, the load channels are cut off in ascending order of priority.

[0030] In this embodiment, as the core control unit, the MCU will pre-store the rules for dividing the load importance levels corresponding to each power channel of the vehicle. This level is clearly defined based on the impact of the load on vehicle driving safety and the operation of core functions, such as the priority logic of safety system > driving assistance system > core control module > entertainment and comfort system > non-essential auxiliary functions. For example, safety-related load channels such as brake control and airbags have the highest priority, and in-vehicle navigation and ambient lights have medium and low priorities. When the Efuse component and the SBC power management chip collect fault signals such as overvoltage and transmit them back to the MCU, the MCU immediately starts the fault emergency handling process. The core action is to execute a differential cut-off strategy based on the preset channel priorities: first disconnect the power supply of the low-priority load channels, quickly cut off the power supply of non-essential loads through the high-side switch controller of the Efuse component, reduce the total power consumption or avoid the risk of fault spread; at the same time, continuously ensure the stable power supply of the high-priority load channels, ensure that core functions such as vehicle braking, steering, and safety monitoring are not affected, and avoid paralysis of key functions of the entire vehicle due to faults.

[0031] In a specific implementation, when the load channel is determined to be overheated, the instruction is sent to the Efuse component to turn off the output stage and the bypass switch, cut off the corresponding channel until the temperature drops below the preset temperature threshold. In one specific implementation, the temperature of the external power MOSFET is detected by an NTC thermistor. One terminal of the thermistor is connected to the drain of the MOSFET to achieve a reasonable device layout. The thermistor is positioned close to the MOSFET to monitor its effective temperature. Figure 3 As shown, the automatic voltage biasing module inside the high-side controller chip ensures that the voltage V of the two pins I_SN and NTC_M is maintained. BG The voltage is kept constant at 1.2V, with the voltage divider reference resistor R. REF The resistance value is selected as 10KΩ, and the voltage V of the NTC pin is... NTC It can be calculated using the following formula: V NTC =V BG ×R NTC / (R) REF +R NTC ), V, which reflects temperature, is converted using a dedicated ADC. NTC The voltage is converted into a digital signal, and the conversion result is stored in a status register, which can be read via SPI. The system can obtain MOSFET temperature-related information in real time.

[0032] When V NTC When the temperature drops below a preset threshold, the MOSFET is determined to be overheating and is triggered to shut down. Since the NTC resistance decreases with increasing temperature, V... NTC The rise corresponds to the temperature increasing to the temperature threshold.

[0033] The temperature threshold can be set in 5°C increments within the range of 100°C to 150°C via SPI, allowing the protection trigger temperature to be adjusted according to different application scenarios such as MOSFET temperature resistance and system thermal design.

[0034] When an over-temperature shutdown is triggered, both the output stage and the bypass switch will shut down, cutting off the circuit path and preventing the MOSFET from being damaged by continuous overheating. The MCU can clear the latched fault flag bit via SPI and then restart the MOSFET and bypass switch, allowing the system to return to normal operation after the fault is cleared.

[0035] After the fault is cleared, the MCU detects that the monitoring data has returned to normal, automatically clears the fault flag, controls the Efuse component to reconnect the corresponding power channel, and restores normal power distribution.

[0036] In one specific implementation, when the MCU malfunctions and cannot function properly, the SBC power management chip triggers LimpHome mode, driving the high-side switch controller to maintain power supply to the critical load. In another specific implementation, the critical load is the top three loads in the channel priority order.

[0037] In one specific implementation, the SBC monitors the MCU's watchdog signal. When the system's MCU control module malfunctions (software crash, hardware failure, etc.) and the watchdog signal is lost, the system is triggered to enter LimpHome mode. The SBC can directly drive the high-side controller output through hardware I / O to maintain stable power supply to critical components and ensure safe driving functions.

[0038] Example 2: Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cold-rolled strip shearing control device according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the device includes a processor 401, a memory 402, a bus 403, and a computer program stored in the memory 402 and executable on the processor 401. The processor 401 includes one or more processing cores. The memory 402 is connected to the processor 401 via the bus 403. The memory 402 is used to store program instructions. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps in the above-described method embodiment of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Furthermore, as an executable solution, the power distribution box can be a computer unit, which can be a desktop computer, laptop, handheld computer, or cloud server, etc. The computer unit may include, but is not limited to, a processor and memory. Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described structure of the computer unit is merely an example and does not constitute a limitation on the computer unit. It may include more or fewer components, or combine certain components, or use different components. For example, the computer unit may also include input / output devices, network access devices, buses, etc., and this embodiment of the invention does not limit this.

[0040] Furthermore, as an executable solution, the processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc. The processor is the control center of the computer unit, connecting various parts of the entire computer unit via various interfaces and lines.

[0041] The memory can be used to store the computer programs and / or modules. The processor implements various functions of the computer unit by running or executing the computer programs and / or modules stored in the memory and by calling data stored in the memory. The memory may mainly include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and at least one application program required for a function; the data storage area may store data created based on the use of the mobile phone, etc. In addition, the memory may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as hard disk, RAM, plug-in hard disk, smart media card (SMC), secure digital card (SD card), flash card, at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other volatile solid-state storage device.

[0042] Although the invention has been specifically shown and described in conjunction with preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes in form and detail may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims, all of which shall be within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted intelligent power distribution method, characterized in that, For use in power distribution boxes containing SBC power management chips, MCUs, and Efuse components, the following steps are included: When the vehicle power is turned on, the SBC power management chip first starts up and completes self-test, and supplies power to the MCU and vehicle electrical components. At the same time, the MCU initializes and establishes a communication connection with the high-side switch controller of the Efuse component through the SPI bus. The MCU sends personalized configuration parameters to the high-side switch controller via the SPI bus according to the load type of each power channel in the vehicle. The personalized configuration parameters include current protection threshold, fuse time parameter and / or temperature protection threshold, to complete the power distribution rule setting for each power channel. The MCU controls the Efuse component to turn on each power channel, distributing the electrical energy output from the vehicle power supply to the corresponding load; at the same time, the Efuse component collects the current data of each channel and the temperature data of its own external MOSFET in real time, and the SBC power management chip monitors the total power supply voltage status in sync, and all monitoring data is transmitted back to the MCU in real time. The MCU performs real-time analysis of the returned data. If an overvoltage fault is detected, it sends a command via the SPI bus to control the Efuse component to cut off the corresponding faulty power channel. The high-side switch controller detects overcurrent and / or overtemperature fault events through the MCU's preset personalized configuration parameters and automatically shuts off the corresponding faulty power channel. The personalized configuration parameters are generated through a gradient boosting tree adaptive algorithm. Specifically, the MCU uses load type, vehicle operating status, ambient temperature, and remaining battery power as input features and calls a pre-trained gradient boosting tree model to output the optimal current protection threshold and fuse time parameters in real time. After the fault is cleared, the MCU detects that the monitoring data has returned to normal, automatically clears the fault flag, controls the Efuse component to reconnect the corresponding power channel, and restores normal power distribution.

2. The vehicle-mounted intelligent power distribution method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the MCU malfunctions and cannot function properly, the SBC power management chip triggers the LimpHome mode, driving the high-side switch controller to maintain power supply to the predetermined critical load.

3. The vehicle-mounted intelligent power distribution method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load includes the load of transient overcurrent scenarios and the load of continuous overcurrent scenarios.

4. The vehicle-mounted intelligent power distribution method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The overcurrent determination includes: for a load in a transient overcurrent scenario, when the current in the power supply channel exceeds a predetermined first current threshold and the duration exceeds a predetermined first duration threshold; for a load in a continuous overcurrent scenario, when the current in the power supply channel exceeds a predetermined first current threshold and the duration exceeds a predetermined second duration threshold, an overcurrent fault is determined; wherein the first duration threshold is greater than the second duration threshold.

5. The vehicle-mounted intelligent power distribution method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the power channel is determined to be over-temperature, the Efuse component is instructed to shut down the output stage and bypass switch, cutting off the corresponding power channel until the temperature drops below the preset temperature threshold.

6. The vehicle-mounted intelligent power distribution method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The MCU prioritizes channels according to a predetermined load importance level, and cuts off power channels in order of priority from low to high when an overvoltage fault occurs.

7. A power distribution box, characterized in that, It includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing at least one program, the at least one program being executed by the processor to implement the vehicle-mounted intelligent power distribution method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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