An ultra-low orbit adsorption type air-breathing supercharging system

Abstract

The application discloses an ultra-low orbit adsorption type air-breathing pressurization system, which is used for an ultra-low orbit electric propulsion system and comprises an adsorption pressurizer on one side and a gas storage on the other side; the adsorption pressurizer is used for adsorbing rare thin gas molecules under low-temperature conditions and releasing the gas molecules under high-temperature conditions, and generates a pressurization effect; and the gas storage is used for storing the pressurized gas molecules and releasing the gas molecules on demand. The application discards the traditional mechanical compression mode and innovatively adopts an adsorption type pressurization principle. Through integrated design of a rotating staggered valve and an adsorption plate group, gas guiding, flow channel switching and adsorption pressurization functions are integrated into one, forming a highly compact overall structure. The application discards the traditional mechanical compression mode and innovatively adopts the adsorption type pressurization principle. The problems of a complex structure, a large size, extremely high power consumption and prominent energy contradiction of the prior art ultra-low orbit electric propulsion system are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ultra-low orbit (50-250km) satellite technology, and particularly relates to an ultra-low orbit adsorption-type air intake pressurization system. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demand for space applications such as Earth observation and high-speed communication, satellite platforms operating in ultra-low Earth orbits (ULOs) of 50-250 kilometers are showing enormous potential. Compared to traditional orbit satellites, ULE satellites have irreplaceable advantages such as significantly higher Earth observation resolution and shorter data communication latency, providing an ideal platform for achieving time-efficient and high-precision space missions.

[0003] However, long-term operation of ultra-low Earth orbit (ULE) satellites faces a fundamental challenge: the extremely thin atmosphere still exists at this orbital altitude. Atmospheric drag causes a continuous decrease in satellite altitude, and without effective compensation, the satellite's lifespan will be extremely short, severely restricting its commercialization and application value. Therefore, how to efficiently and continuously compensate for atmospheric drag to maintain the orbit has become the core bottleneck in the development of ULE satellite technology.

[0004] To address the aforementioned challenges in maintaining orbit, air-breathing electric propulsion technology has emerged and is highly anticipated. Its core idea is ingenious: directly collecting the thin atmosphere surrounding the satellite and using it as the working propellant for the electric propulsion system. Theoretically, this could not only achieve real-time drag compensation and precise attitude control, but also completely eliminate the satellite's dependence on onboard propellant, thus potentially significantly extending its on-orbit lifespan and greatly enhancing its payload capacity. It is an "ideal solution" for ultra-low Earth orbit (UEO) satellites to achieve long-term orbital operation.

[0005] The Implementation Path and Inherent Bottlenecks of Existing Air-breathing Electric Propulsion Technology: Research in this field mainly revolves around how to efficiently achieve the "capture-pressurization-supply" process. Specific technical approaches typically involve using a combination of molecular pumps and mechanical or dynamic pumps, such as gas pumps, to perform multi-stage compression of the captured extremely low-pressure gas to increase its pressure. Although the above research has made some progress, existing technical solutions have revealed a series of interconnected and insurmountable systemic bottlenecks in engineering applications:

[0006] 1. Complex system structure, large size and weight: To achieve effective gas capture and compression, existing air intake and multi-stage pump systems are usually large and complex, occupying valuable platform space of the satellite, which is contrary to the development trend of miniaturization and low cost of ultra-low orbit satellites.

[0007] 2. Extremely high power consumption and prominent energy contradiction: The molecular pump, gas pump and other mechanical pressurization equipment are themselves high-power components. Under the condition that the satellite's energy supply (solar energy) is already limited, in order to maintain the continuous operation of this pressurization system, a huge amount of electrical energy is required, resulting in low overall satellite energy efficiency and seriously squeezing the energy budget of the payload.

[0008] In summary, while existing air-breathing electric propulsion technology is conceptually advanced, its bulky system architecture, high power consumption costs, and low energy efficiency constitute the main obstacles to its practical engineering application. Therefore, the industry urgently needs a new air-breathing propulsion technology solution that is more compact, consumes less power, and is more energy efficient, in order to truly unleash the enormous application potential of ultra-low Earth orbit satellites. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention addresses the problems of existing technologies by proposing an ultra-low orbit adsorption-type air intake and pressurization system. The aim is to solve the problems of existing ultra-low orbit electric propulsion systems, such as complex structure, large size, extremely high power consumption, and prominent energy contradictions.

[0010] An ultra-low orbit (ULO) adsorption-type gas intake boosting system is disclosed. This boosting system is used in ULE electric propulsion systems and is characterized by comprising an adsorption booster on one side and a gas storage device on the other side. The adsorption booster is used to adsorb rarefied gas molecules under low-temperature conditions and release gas molecules under high-temperature conditions, thereby generating a boosting effect. The gas storage device is used to store the boosted gas molecules and release them as needed.

[0011] Furthermore, the adsorption booster comprises a rotary staggered valve, an adsorption plate assembly, an adsorption chamber, and adsorption material. The rotary staggered valve and the adsorption plate assembly are embedded within the adsorption chamber, and the adsorption plate assembly and the adsorption chamber are fixedly connected. The rotary staggered valve rotates relative to the adsorption plate assembly and the adsorption chamber. The rotary staggered valve is used to switch between the adsorption and release processes of the booster system. After the rotary staggered valve switching process, the adsorption plate assembly first converts the voltage polarity within each sector of the adsorption plate assembly, and then cools or heats the adsorption material according to the current voltage polarity of each sector. If the previous moment of the current sector was in the adsorption zone and the current moment is in the booster zone, then after the voltage polarity conversion, the current sector is heated from -100℃ to 100℃. If the previous moment of the current sector was in the booster zone and the current moment is in the adsorption zone, then after the voltage polarity conversion, the current sector is cooled from 100℃ to 100℃. The heating or cooling process takes half an hour to one hour.

[0012] Furthermore, the rotary staggered valve includes a flow guide, valves, and a booster drive motor; the flow guide consists of three equally angled flow guides with beveled feet, three equally angled valve plates, the booster drive motor, and a main shaft; the adsorption plate assembly consists of six equally angled adsorption booster plates, six equally angled hot and cold plates, and a central connecting member that connects them axially; wherein the six hot and cold plates are respectively embedded in the six adsorption booster plates; the three flow guides and the three valves are at a 60° angle to each other. The six equally spaced adsorption and pressurization plates are arranged at opposite ends of the axial direction at a 30° angle. Three flow guides are arranged at the gas inlet end of the six equally spaced adsorption and pressurization plates, and three valves are arranged at the gas outlet end of the six equally spaced adsorption and pressurization plates. The three flow guides, three valves, and six adsorption and pressurization plates form six fan-shaped holes that penetrate both ends of the adsorption plate group. When the adsorption motor drives the flow guides and valves to rotate, the six fan-shaped holes alternately present three adsorption zones and three pressurization zones in the adsorption chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, when the adsorption motor drives the flow guide and valve to rotate, the six fan-shaped holes alternately present three adsorption zones and three pressurization zones within the adsorption chamber. Specifically, when the pressurization drive motor drives the flow guide and valve to rotate, the three areas of the adsorption plate assembly that are blocked by the flow guide are the pressurization zones, and the three areas of the adsorption plate assembly that are not blocked by the flow guide are the adsorption zones.

[0014] Furthermore, the three areas of the adsorption plate assembly that are blocked by the flow guide are called pressurization zones, and the three areas of the adsorption plate assembly that are not blocked by the flow guide are called adsorption zones. This means that: when the adsorption plate assembly is blocked by the flow guide, the temperature of the hot and cold plate surfaces in its three pressurization zones is 0-100℃ on the high-temperature surface. At this time, the gas inlet end of the adsorption plate assembly is blocked by the flow guide while the outlet end is not blocked. Gas molecules under high-temperature conditions are discharged through the gas outlet end of the adsorption plate assembly, forming three pressurization zones; when the adsorption plate assembly is not blocked by the three flow guides, the temperature of the hot and cold plate surfaces in its three adsorption zones is -100-0℃ on the low-temperature surface. Since the gas inlet end of the adsorption plate assembly is not blocked by the flow guide while the gas outlet end is blocked by the flow guide, gas molecules under low-temperature conditions are absorbed through the gas inlet end of the adsorption plate assembly, forming three adsorption zones.

[0015] Furthermore, the adsorption chamber is composed of a front frame, a rear frame, and a shell. Both the front and rear frame have a structure containing six identical fan-shaped holes, and the diameter of each fan-shaped hole matches the diameter of the fan-shaped holes of the drainage component and the valve.

[0016] Furthermore, the hot and cold plate is preferably a multi-stage semiconductor cooler, which achieves the conversion between the low-temperature and high-temperature sides of the two sides of the hot and cold plate by changing the positive and negative terminals of the cooler's power supply.

[0017] Furthermore, all adsorption zones and the booster are equipped with adsorption materials, preferably functionally modified adsorption materials with N2 and O2 adsorption sites.

[0018] Furthermore, the gas storage device consists of a container chamber and a rotary switch valve. The container chamber is composed of a front fixed frame, a rear fixed frame, a central mounting component, and a shell. The front fixed frame has the same structure as the front frame component, and the fixed frame is basically the same as the front fixed frame. The difference is that the rear fixed frame has three identical fan-shaped holes for connecting to the valve.

[0019] Furthermore, the rotary switch valve includes three valve plates distributed at equal angles, a switch motor, and a main shaft; the size of the valve plates matches the fan-shaped holes on the rear fixed frame, and the rotation of the valve plates is controlled by the switch motor to realize the gas release from the gas storage device. To prevent the motor from contacting the gas, the interior of the central mounting part is a circular hole, in which a booster drive motor and a switch motor are installed.

[0020] Advantages and effects of the invention

[0021] 1. Highly integrated compact structure, significantly reducing size and weight: This invention abandons the traditional mechanical compression method and innovatively adopts the adsorption pressurization principle. Through the integrated design of rotary staggered valves and adsorption plate groups, gas diversion, flow channel switching, and adsorption pressurization functions are integrated into one, forming a highly compact overall structure. This design eliminates the complex air intake and multi-stage pump group in traditional systems, thereby greatly reducing the system's size and weight, and better meeting the development requirements of ultra-low orbit satellite platforms for miniaturization, lightweighting, and low cost.

[0022] 2. Energy efficiency optimization based on physical adsorption, significantly reducing power consumption: The pressurization process of this invention is based on the principle of physical adsorption, utilizing the adsorption and desorption characteristics of gas molecules by the adsorbent material at different temperatures to achieve pressurization, fundamentally avoiding the use of high-power mechanical pumps. By employing a semiconductor cooler, the conversion between adsorption-cooling and desorption-heating states can be efficiently achieved simply by switching the polarity of the power supply electrode. This device has the advantage of small size, significantly reducing energy loss in the pressurization cycle, improving the energy utilization efficiency of ultra-low orbit satellites, effectively alleviating the energy contradiction of ultra-low orbit platforms, and reserving more sufficient energy budget for the payload.

[0023] 3. Simplified motion and control logic by omitting key elements, improving system reliability: The system can control the switching of adsorption and release states of all adsorption units through a single rotational motion. This design simplifies the complex multi-valve coordinated timing control in traditional schemes to the control of a single rotating mechanism, greatly reducing the complexity of the control system and the difficulty of software development, thereby significantly improving the operational reliability and long-term on-orbit stability of the entire booster system.

[0024] 4. Optimized thermal management strategy ensures efficient pressurization: After the system completes the flow channel switching with the rotary interleaved valve, it performs programmed heating (e.g., from -100°C to 100°C) or cooling (e.g., from 100°C to -100°C) operations on the corresponding sector adsorption area. This process is set to last for half an hour to one hour, ensuring sufficient adsorption of the adsorbent material and full release of high-pressure gas, thereby improving the pressurization efficiency and gas throughput of a single cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1a This is a schematic diagram of an existing ultra-low orbit electric propulsion system based on a binary molecular pump.

[0026] Figure 1b This is a rendering of the adsorption pressurization system of the present invention applied to an ultra-low orbit electric propulsion system;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ultra-low rail adsorption-type air intake booster system of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3a This is a structural diagram of the adsorption pressurization system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3b This is a perspective view of the adsorption pressurization system of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the adsorption booster of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the gas storage device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a cycle control diagram for the adsorption booster of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] 1. Innovation of this invention

[0034] The core innovation of this invention lies in its revolutionary approach to traditional mechanical compression, proposing a novel all-new pressurization scheme based on adsorption principles. Through a series of ingenious integrated designs, it solves the technical challenge of efficiently collecting and pressurizing gas in the extremely thin atmosphere of ultra-low Earth orbit. Specifically:

[0035] ① Innovative pressurization principle: A gas intake pressurization system based on the principle of physical adsorption was proposed and implemented. This system utilizes the characteristics of specific adsorbent materials to efficiently adsorb rarefied gas molecules at low temperatures and rapidly release gas molecules at high temperatures to complete gas collection and pressurization, providing a novel, non-mechanical working fluid replenishment solution for ultra-low orbit electric propulsion systems.

[0036] ② A pioneering design of an adsorption booster controlled by a rotary staggered valve. This design achieves dynamic, alternating cycles between the adsorption and booster zones by periodically switching the operating states (adsorption / release) of multiple adsorption units through a single rotary motion. It simplifies complex multi-valve timing control to the control of a single rotary motion, resulting in simple logic and high reliability. The ingenious use of the rotary structure allows the adsorbent to alternately pass through cooling and heating zones in physical space, achieving periodic cooling (adsorption) and heating (release) of the adsorbent without the need for complex fluid piping and on / off valve arrays. Compact structure: Integrating the flow guide, valve functions, and adsorption plate assembly results in an extremely compact overall structure, significantly reducing system size and weight.

[0037] ③ A pioneering rapid temperature control system based on a semiconductor cooler was designed. A hot and cold plate (preferably a multi-stage semiconductor cooler, TEC) is used as the temperature control actuator for the adsorption material. The semiconductor cooler is small in size and has low thermal inertia, enabling rapid temperature switching, thereby significantly improving the frequency and efficiency of the booster cycle. Control is simple: switching between cooling and heating functions on the same plate can be achieved simply by changing the polarity of the cooler's power supply. This ingenious design greatly reduces the complexity of the thermal management system.

[0038] In summary, this invention successfully constructs a complete ultra-low orbit (ULO) air intake and pressurization solution through the deep integration of "principle innovation (adsorption pressurization), structural innovation (rotary valve), and control innovation (TEC temperature control)." This system is not only compact and has simple control logic, but also boasts significant advantages such as high pressurization efficiency and reliable operation. It provides a highly promising technical path for extending the on-orbit lifespan of ULE vehicles and promoting the development of ULE electric propulsion technology.

[0039] 2. Design Principles of the Invention

[0040] 1. Design principle of "gas intake" in the adsorption zone: The rotary valve is turned to a certain position, exposing the three sector-shaped zones of the adsorption plate assembly (not blocked by the flow guide 111). At this time, the hot and cold plates in these zones are cooled to -100~0°C, and simultaneously, the gas inlet opens and the outlet closes. Gas intake process: Rare gas molecules (mainly N2 and O2) from the ultra-low orbit are drawn into this low-temperature zone through the inlet. When the gas molecules collide with the cold adsorption material surface, they are firmly "captured" (physical adsorption). This process continues, constantly accumulating gas molecules on the material surface.

[0041] 2. Design principle of the transition zone: As the rotary valve continues to rotate, the inlet guide 111 and the outlet valve 112, arranged at a 60° angle to each other, close the inlet and open the outlet of the sector-shaped zone that has just completed adsorption. At this time, the system begins to change the electrode polarity for this region, preparing for the next step.

[0042] 3. Design principle of the pressurized zone "exhalation": The guide component 111 is moved to another position, so that the other three fan-shaped areas of the adsorption plate assembly 12 are blocked by the guide component 111, forming a closed pressurized zone. At this time, the hot and cold plates in these areas are heated to 0~100°C. At the same time, the gas inlet is closed and the outlet is opened. After the adsorption material is heated, its ability to capture gas molecules decreases sharply. A large number of previously adsorbed gas molecules gain energy and are quickly released from the material surface. Since these molecules are released simultaneously in a closed small space (pressurized zone), the gas density and pressure will increase significantly, achieving the "pressurization" effect.

[0043] 4. Design Principle of the Gas Storage Unit: The gas storage unit's role is to store gas and supply it as needed. Container 21 is a simple gas tank used to accumulate pressurized gas from the adsorption booster. Pressurized gas is continuously fed into container 21 from the adsorption booster 1 and stored, with the pressure gradually increasing. When the satellite's electric propulsion system requires working fluid, ground commands or onboard computer control the rotary valve 22 to open, releasing the stored high-pressure gas to the thrusters at the required flow rate.

[0044] Based on the above principles, this invention designs an ultra-low orbit adsorption-type air intake booster system. This booster system is used in ultra-low orbit electric propulsion systems, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the system is characterized by the following features: the pressurization system includes an adsorption pressurizer 1 on one side and a gas storage device 2 on the other side; the adsorption pressurizer 1 is used to adsorb rare gas molecules under low temperature conditions and release gas molecules under high temperature conditions, thereby generating a pressurization effect; the gas storage device 2 is used to store the pressurized gas molecules and release them as needed.

[0045] like Figure 3a , Figure 3b , Figure 4 As shown, the adsorption booster 1 consists of a rotary cross-flow valve 11, an adsorption plate assembly 12, an adsorption chamber (13), and adsorption material; wherein, the rotary cross-flow valve 11 and the adsorption plate assembly 12 are embedded in the adsorption chamber 13, the adsorption plate assembly 12 and the adsorption chamber 13 are fixedly connected, and the rotary cross-flow valve 11 rotates relative to the adsorption plate assembly 12 and the adsorption chamber 13; the rotary cross-flow valve 11 is used to switch the adsorption and release processes of the booster system; as Figure 4As shown, after the switching process of the rotary interleaving valve 11, the adsorption plate group 12 is used to first switch the voltage polarity of each sector hole in the adsorption plate group 12, and then cool or heat the adsorption material according to the current voltage polarity of each sector hole; if the previous moment of the current sector hole was the adsorption zone and the current moment is the pressurization zone, then after the voltage polarity is switched, the current sector hole is heated from -100℃ to 100℃; if the previous moment of the current sector hole was the pressurization zone and the current moment is the adsorption zone, then after the voltage polarity is switched, the current sector hole is cooled from 100℃ to 100℃; the heating or cooling process takes half an hour to 1 hour.

[0046] Supplementary Note 1

[0047] like Figure 6 As shown, if the previous sector-shaped orifice was in gas desorption and pressurization (heating) mode, after rotating the alternating valve 60 degrees, the positive and negative electrodes of the hot and cold plates switch. After the switch, the hot and cold surfaces of the adsorption zone are at low temperatures, and the temperature drops from 100℃ to -100℃. When the temperature drops to 0℃ to -100℃, gas adsorption occurs, and the closer the temperature is to -100℃, the greater the adsorption. Rotating the alternating valve another 60 degrees, the positive and negative electrodes of the hot and cold plates switch again. After the switch, the pressurization zone becomes high-temperature, and the temperature rises from -100℃ to 100℃. When the temperature rises to 0℃ to 100℃, gas desorption and pressurization occur, and the closer the temperature is to 100℃, the greater the pressurization.

[0048] like Figure 4 As shown, the rotary staggered valve 11 includes a flow guide 111, valves 112, and a booster drive motor 113. The flow guide 111 consists of three equally angled flow guides 111 with beveled feet, three equally angled valve plates 112, the booster drive motor 113, and a main shaft. The adsorption plate assembly 12 consists of six equally angled adsorption booster plates 121, six equally angled hot and cold plates 122, and a central connecting member 123 that connects them axially. The six hot and cold plates 122 are respectively embedded in the six adsorption booster plates 121. The three flow guides 111 and three valves 112 are staggered at 60° angles to each other at both ends of the axial direction of the six equally angled adsorption booster plates 121. Figure 3b As shown, three diversion elements 111 are arranged at the gas inlet end of six equally angled adsorption pressurization plates 121, and three valves 112 are arranged at the gas outlet end of the six equally angled adsorption pressurization plates 121. The three diversion elements 111, the three valve plates 112, and the six adsorption pressurization plates 121 constitute six fan-shaped holes penetrating both ends of the adsorption plate group 12 axially. When the adsorption motor 113 drives the diversion elements 111 and the valves 112 to rotate, the six fan-shaped holes alternately present three adsorption zones and three pressurization zones in the adsorption chamber 13.

[0049] like Figure 3bAs shown, when the adsorption motor 113 drives the flow guide 111 and valve 112 to rotate, the six fan-shaped holes alternately present three adsorption zones and three pressurization zones in the adsorption chamber 13. Specifically, when the pressurization drive motor 113 drives the flow guide 111 and valve 112 to rotate, the three areas of the adsorption plate assembly 12 that are blocked by the flow guide 111 are the pressurization zones, and the three areas of the adsorption plate assembly 12 that are not blocked by the flow guide 111 are the adsorption zones.

[0050] like Figure 3b As shown, the three areas of the adsorption plate assembly 12 that are blocked by the flow guide 111 are the pressurization zones, and the three areas of the adsorption plate assembly 12 that are not blocked by the flow guide 111 are the adsorption zones. This means that when the adsorption plate assembly 12 is blocked by the flow guide 111, the surface temperature of the hot and cold plates 122 in its three pressurization zones is 0-100℃, at which time the gas inlet end of the adsorption plate assembly 12 is blocked by the flow guide 111 while the outlet end is not blocked by the flow guide 111, and gas molecules under high temperature conditions pass through... The gas outlet end of the adsorption plate group 12 is discharged, forming 3 pressurization zones. When the adsorption plate group 12 is not blocked by the 3 flow guides 111, the surface temperature of the hot and cold plates 122 in its 3 adsorption zones is -100 to 0℃. Since the gas inlet end of the adsorption plate group 12 is not blocked by the flow guides 111 while the gas outlet end is blocked by the flow guides 111, gas molecules under low temperature conditions are absorbed through the gas inlet end of the adsorption plate group 12, forming 3 adsorption zones.

[0051] like Figure 4 As shown, the adsorption chamber 13 is composed of a front frame 131, a rear frame 132 and a shell. The front frame 131 and the rear frame 132 each contain six identical fan-shaped holes. The diameter of each fan-shaped hole matches the diameter of the fan-shaped holes of the drainage component 111 and the valve 112.

[0052] The hot and cold plate 122 preferably uses a multi-stage semiconductor cooler, which achieves the conversion between the low-temperature and high-temperature surfaces of the two sides of the hot and cold plate 122 by changing the positive and negative terminals of the cooler's power supply.

[0053] All adsorption zones and the booster are equipped with adsorption materials, preferably functionally modified adsorption materials with N2 and O2 adsorption sites.

[0054] like Figure 5 As shown, the gas storage device 2 consists of a container chamber 21 and a rotary switch valve 22. The container chamber 21 consists of a front fixed frame 211, a rear fixed frame 212, a central mounting component 213, and a shell 214. The front fixed frame 211 has the same structure as the front frame component 131, and the rear fixed frame 212 is basically the same as the front fixed frame 211. The difference is that the rear fixed frame 212 has three identical fan-shaped holes for connecting to the valve 111.

[0055] like Figure 5 As shown, the rotary switch valve 22 includes three valve plates 221 distributed at equal angles, a switch motor 222, and a main shaft. The size of the valve plates 221 matches the fan-shaped holes on the rear fixed frame 212. The rotation of the valve plates 221 is controlled by the switch motor 222, thereby realizing the gas release of the gas storage device 2. To prevent the booster drive motor 113 and the switch motor 222 from contacting the gas, the interior of the central mounting part 213 is a circular hole, in which the booster drive motor 113 and the switch motor 222 are installed. Example 1

[0056] The components of the intake booster system are shown in the figure. Figure 2 , Figure 2 Including left and right views, it includes an adsorption booster 1 and a gas storage device 2, with the following functions: the adsorption booster 1 is used to adsorb rare gas molecules under low temperature conditions, release gas molecules under high temperature conditions, and generate a boosting effect; the gas storage device 2 is used to store the boosted gas molecules and release them as needed.

[0057] The detailed components of the adsorption booster 1 consist of a rotary cross valve 11, an adsorption plate assembly 12, and an adsorption chamber 13, as shown in the figure. Figure 3a (Including left and right views), see detailed component drawings. Figure 4 The rotary staggered valve 11 consists of three equally angled, beveled entry elements (to guide gas molecules into the adsorption zone and reduce molecular collision rebound) 111, three equally angled valves 112, a booster drive motor 113, and a main shaft. The adsorption plate assembly 12 consists of six equally angled adsorption booster plates 121 (with hot and cold plates 122 on them) and a central connector 123. The adsorption chamber 13 consists of a front frame 131, a rear frame 132, and a shell (not shown). Each frame contains six identical fan-shaped holes, the diameter of which matches the entry elements 111 and valves 112. The entry elements 111 and valves 112 are staggered at 60°. The adsorption plate assembly 12 is fixedly connected to the adsorption chamber 13. When the booster drive motor 113, entry elements 111, and valves 112 rotate, the adsorption plate assembly 12 can alternately display three adsorption zones and three booster zones simultaneously. The hot and cold plate 122 preferably uses a multi-stage semiconductor cooler, which achieves the conversion between the low-temperature and high-temperature surfaces of the two sides of the hot and cold plate by changing the positive and negative terminals of the cooler's power supply. The hot and cold plate surface temperature in the adsorption zone is the low-temperature surface (-100~0℃), and the hot and cold plate surface temperature in the pressurization zone is the high-temperature surface (0~100℃). All adsorption zones and the pressurizer are equipped with adsorption material (preferably a functionally modified adsorption material with N2 and O2 adsorption sites). The circulation control process is as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0058] It should be emphasized that the above specific embodiments are merely explanations of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to the above embodiments without contributing any inventive step, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by patent law.

Claims

1. A supercharged air-breathing system for ultra-low orbit (ULE) electric propulsion systems, characterized in that: The pressurization system includes an adsorption pressurizer (1) on one side and a gas storage device (2) on the other side; the adsorption pressurizer (1) is used to adsorb rare gas molecules under low temperature conditions and release gas molecules under high temperature conditions, thereby producing a pressurization effect; the gas storage device (2) is used to store pressurized gas molecules and release them as needed; The adsorption booster (1) consists of a rotary cross valve (11), an adsorption plate assembly (12), an adsorption chamber (13), and adsorption material; wherein, the rotary cross valve (11) and the adsorption plate assembly (12) are embedded in the adsorption chamber (13), the adsorption plate assembly (12) and the adsorption chamber (13) are fixedly connected, and the rotary cross valve (11) rotates relative to the adsorption plate assembly (12) and the adsorption chamber (13); the rotary cross valve (11) is used to switch the adsorption and release processes of the booster system; the adsorption plate assembly (12) is used to switch the adsorption and release processes of the rotary cross valve (11) during the switching process. Then, the voltage polarity of each sector hole in the adsorption plate group (12) is first converted, and the adsorption material is cooled or heated according to the current voltage polarity of each sector hole; if the previous moment of the current sector hole is the adsorption zone and the current moment is the pressurization zone, then after the voltage polarity is converted, the current sector hole is heated from -100℃ to 100℃; if the previous moment of the current sector hole is the pressurization zone and the current moment is the adsorption zone, then after the voltage polarity is converted, the current sector hole is cooled from 100℃ to -100℃; the heating or cooling process takes half an hour to 1 hour.

2. The ultra-low rail adsorption-type air intake booster system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary staggered valve (11) is provided with a flow guide (111), valves (112), and a booster drive motor (113). The flow guide (111) consists of three equally angled flow guides (111) with beveled feet, three equally angled valves (112), a booster drive motor (113), and a main shaft. The adsorption plate assembly (12) consists of six equally angled adsorption booster plates (121), six equally angled hot and cold plates (122), and a central connecting member (123) that connects them together along the axial direction. The six hot and cold plates (122) are respectively embedded in the six adsorption booster plates (121). The three flow guides (111) and the three valves (112) are connected together. The six equally spaced adsorption pressurizing plates (121) are arranged at 60° angles to each other at both ends of the axial direction. Three flow guides (111) are arranged at the gas inlet end of the six equally spaced adsorption pressurizing plates (121), and three valves (112) are arranged at the gas outlet end of the six equally spaced adsorption pressurizing plates (121). The three flow guides (111), three valves (112), and six adsorption pressurizing plates (121) constitute six fan-shaped holes that penetrate the two ends of the adsorption plate group (12) axially. When the pressurizing drive motor (113) drives the flow guides (111) and valves (112) to rotate, the six fan-shaped holes alternately present three adsorption zones and three pressurizing zones in the adsorption chamber (13).

3. The ultra-low rail adsorption-type air intake booster system according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the booster drive motor (113) drives the diverter (111) and valve (112) to rotate, the six fan-shaped holes alternately present three adsorption zones and three booster zones in the adsorption chamber (13). Specifically, when the booster drive motor (113) drives the diverter (111) and valve (112) to rotate, the three areas of the adsorption plate group (12) that are blocked by the diverter (111) are the booster zones, and the three areas of the adsorption plate group (12) that are not blocked by the diverter (111) are the adsorption zones.

4. The ultra-low rail adsorption-type air intake booster system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The three regions of the adsorption plate assembly (12) that are blocked by the flow guide (111) are the pressurization zones, and the three regions of the adsorption plate assembly (12) that are not blocked by the flow guide (111) are the adsorption zones. This means that when the adsorption plate assembly (12) is blocked by the flow guide (111), the surface temperature of the hot and cold plates (122) in its three pressurization zones is 0-100℃, and at this time the gas inlet end of the adsorption plate assembly (12) is blocked by the flow guide (111) while the outlet end is not blocked by the flow guide (111), and the gas molecules under high temperature conditions pass through... The gas is discharged through the gas outlet end of the adsorption plate group (12), forming three pressurization zones. When the adsorption plate group (12) is not blocked by the three guide elements (111), the surface temperature of the hot and cold plates (122) in its three adsorption zones is low temperature -100-0℃. Since the gas inlet end of the adsorption plate group (12) is not blocked by the guide element (111) and the gas outlet end is blocked by the guide element (111), the gas molecules under low temperature conditions are absorbed through the gas inlet end of the adsorption plate group (12), forming three adsorption zones.

5. The ultra-low rail adsorption-type air intake booster system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adsorption chamber (13) is composed of a front frame (131), a rear frame (132) and a shell. The front frame (131) and the rear frame (132) each contain six identical fan-shaped holes. The diameter of each fan-shaped hole matches the diameter of the fan-shaped hole of the drainage component (111) and the valve (112).

6. The ultra-low rail adsorption-type air intake booster system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hot and cold plate (122) is a multi-stage semiconductor cooler, which achieves the conversion between the low temperature and high temperature surfaces of the two sides of the hot and cold plate (122) by changing the positive and negative terminals of the power supply to the cooler.

7. The ultra-low rail adsorption-type air intake booster system according to claim 2, characterized in that: All adsorption zones and pressurization zones are equipped with adsorption materials, which are functionally modified adsorption materials with N2 and O2 adsorption sites.

8. The ultra-low rail adsorption-type air intake booster system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas storage device (2) consists of a container chamber (21) and a rotary switch valve (22). The container chamber (21) consists of a front fixed frame (211), a rear fixed frame (212), a central mounting component (213), and a shell (214). The front fixed frame (211) has the same structure as the front frame component (131), and the rear fixed frame (212) is basically the same as the front fixed frame (211). The difference is that the rear fixed frame (212) has three identical fan-shaped holes for connecting with the valve plate (221).

9. The ultra-low rail adsorption-type air intake booster system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The rotary switch valve (22) includes three valve plates (221) distributed at equal angles, a switch motor (222) and a main shaft; the size of the valve plate (221) matches the fan-shaped hole on the rear fixed frame (212). The rotation of the valve plate (221) is controlled by the switch motor (222) to realize the gas release of the gas storage device (2). To prevent the motor from contacting the gas, the interior of the central mounting part (213) is a round hole, in which the booster drive motor (113) and the switch motor (222) are installed.

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