Guniting device suitable for long vertical shaft

Abstract

The invention relates to a guniting device suitable for a long vertical shaft, which comprises a guniting material pumping mechanism, a multi-stage detection feeding pipeline, a guniting stabilizing mechanism and a guniting actuator, and the guniting material pumping mechanism is arranged on the ground and is connected with the guniting actuator through the multi-stage detection feeding pipeline; the guniting stabilizing mechanism is pulled by a steel wire rope to ascend and descend, and a telescopic umbrella supporting structure is arranged in the guniting stabilizing mechanism and used for stable supporting in the well wall. The guniting actuator is a multi-degree-of-freedom joint type mechanism, and accurate and uniform guniting is achieved. By means of the multi-stage concrete pump and the speed-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing pipelines arranged in a segmented mode, separation and pipe blocking of guniting materials in the long-distance downward conveying process are effectively prevented; and through the intelligently controlled umbrella support structure and the multi-degree-of-freedom guniting actuator, the stability of high-altitude operation and the guniting quality are ensured. According to the system, full-automatic remote operation can be achieved, manual well descending is not needed, and construction safety and operation efficiency are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to mechanical equipment for coal mine shaft lining construction, specifically to a shotcrete device suitable for long shafts. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of coal mine shaft lining projects, mechanical rock breaking technologies (such as raise boring machines and shaft tunneling machines) have gradually replaced the traditional drill and blast methods, realizing the mechanization and unmanned operation of the excavation process and greatly improving construction safety. However, the supporting construction, especially the shotcrete (grouting) operation, still heavily relies on manual labor to go down into the mine. This is not only inefficient, but also faces huge safety risks such as falling rocks from the shaft wall and falls from heights.

[0003] Currently, existing shotcrete equipment, both domestically and internationally, is mainly designed for tunnels and inclined shafts, making it difficult to adapt to the unique environment of long vertical shafts. During the concrete lining construction of long vertical shafts, shotcrete operations still typically rely on manual labor, which presents the following three problems in deep vertical shaft construction: 1. Segregation and pipe blockage are prone to occur when shotcrete materials are pumped down long distances. Due to the large depth of the shaft and the vertical arrangement of the pipeline, the shotcrete material falls faster under the action of gravity, causing the aggregate and slurry to separate, resulting in a decrease in shotcrete quality and pipeline blockage, making it difficult to achieve stable and continuous pumping.

[0004] 2. Shotcrete equipment struggles to maintain a stable posture at high altitudes in vertical shafts. Traditional shotcrete equipment is primarily designed for horizontal tunnels or inclined shafts and cannot be autonomously positioned or stably supported in vertical shafts, easily leading to problems such as uneven shotcrete distribution and inconsistent thickness.

[0005] 3. Construction safety and efficiency are difficult to guarantee. Current shotcrete operations still require personnel to go down into the well, which not only poses significant safety hazards such as falling objects from the well wall, falls from heights, and gas stagnation, but also results in low efficiency, high labor intensity, and work quality that is significantly affected by human factors, making it difficult to meet the needs of continuous and high-quality construction of deep vertical shafts. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention discloses a shotcrete device suitable for long vertical shafts. This device can avoid the segregation and blockage of shotcrete materials when pumped down long distances, and can achieve stable support and precise shotcrete when the device is operating at height in the vertical shaft.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A shotcrete device suitable for long vertical shafts includes a shotcrete material pumping mechanism, a feeding pipe, a shotcrete stabilizing mechanism, and a shotcrete actuator. The outlet of the shotcrete material pumping mechanism is connected to the inlet of the feeding pipe, and the outlet of the feeding pipe is connected to the inlet of the shotcrete actuator. The shotcrete actuator is installed at the bottom of the shotcrete stabilizing mechanism. The feeding pipe passes through the shotcrete stabilizing mechanism. The shotcrete stabilizing mechanism is provided with a support mechanism for supporting itself on the wall of the long vertical shaft. The support mechanism can be adjusted radially along the long vertical shaft. The shotcrete stabilizing mechanism is connected to a lifting control mechanism, and the shotcrete stabilizing mechanism can be raised and lowered along the long vertical shaft. The feeding pipeline is provided with a ground horizontal pipe, a first vertical pipe, a first speed-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing bend, a second vertical pipe, a second speed-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing bend, and a flexible pipe connected in sequence from the inlet end to the outlet end. The flexible pipe passes through the shotcrete stabilization mechanism. The shotcrete material pumping mechanism includes a batching mechanism and a multi-stage concrete pump. The batching mechanism is connected to the inlet of the multi-stage concrete pump. The multi-stage concrete pump includes multiple pump trucks connected in parallel. The multiple pump trucks connected in parallel convey in sections by controlling their piston rods.

[0008] Furthermore, the lifting control mechanism includes a wire rope and a drive mechanism, with one end of the wire rope connected to the drive mechanism and the other end of the wire rope connected to the shotcrete stabilization mechanism.

[0009] Furthermore, both the first and second speed-stabilizing and voltage-stabilizing bends are composed of multiple turns of coiled bends.

[0010] Furthermore, a flow meter and a pressure gauge are installed on the ground horizontal pipe, valves are installed on both the first and second vertical pipes, and a flow meter and a pressure gauge are installed on both the first and second speed-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing bends.

[0011] Furthermore, the shotcrete stabilizing mechanism includes an upper end cover, a lower end cover, a side end plate, a bearing platform, a guide rod, a lead screw, a transmission motor, and multiple support mechanisms. The upper end cover, the side end plate, and the lower end cover are connected to each other to form a hollow rectangular body. A long through groove is vertically opened on the side end plate. The interior of the rectangular body is provided with a vertically arranged guide rod and a lead screw. The lead screw is driven to rotate by the transmission motor. The bearing platform passes through the lead screw and the guide rod and can slide up and down along the guide rod. The lead screw drives the bearing platform to rise and fall. Multiple support mechanisms are arranged circumferentially on the side of the bearing platform. One end of the support mechanism is hinged to the bearing platform. The support mechanism can be retracted along the hinge point to be parallel to the lead screw. The support mechanism flips downward along the hinge point and extends out from the long through groove.

[0012] Furthermore, the support mechanism includes a support hydraulic cylinder, a supporting hydraulic cylinder, and a support plate. The side wall of the bearing platform is provided with an ear plate. One end of the support hydraulic cylinder body is hinged to the ear plate, and the other end of the support hydraulic cylinder body is provided with a support hydraulic rod. The outer end of the support hydraulic rod is connected to the support plate. One end of the supporting hydraulic cylinder body is also hinged to the ear plate, and the other end of the supporting hydraulic cylinder body is provided with a supporting hydraulic rod. The outer end of the supporting hydraulic rod is hinged to the support hydraulic cylinder body.

[0013] Furthermore, four support mechanisms are spaced apart.

[0014] Furthermore, the shotcrete actuator has a multi-degree-of-freedom joint mechanism.

[0015] This invention provides a fully intelligent shotcrete device suitable for long vertical shafts, offering solutions to problems such as easy segregation and pipe blockage of shotcrete materials, unstable equipment posture, and low safety and efficiency of manual construction. The device employs a multi-stage concrete pump and a multi-stage detection and feeding pipeline to achieve segmented, stable pressure and speed delivery, preventing segregation and blockage of the shotcrete material during long-distance descent. The shotcrete stabilization mechanism uses an umbrella-type telescopic mechanism driven by a screw motor, automatically deploying support according to the shaft wall to ensure stability during high-altitude operations. The multi-degree-of-freedom shotcrete actuator can automatically adjust the spray angle and posture to achieve uniform shotcrete. The entire device can be raised and lowered via steel wire rope traction, and a smart control system enables remote raising, lowering, and automatic intelligent spraying control, eliminating the need for manual entry into the shaft, significantly improving construction safety and operational efficiency, and ensuring stable and reliable shotcrete quality. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the state of the shotcrete device in the long vertical shaft in the embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the shotcrete device in the embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the shotcrete material pumping mechanism in the embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding pipe in the embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the shotcrete stabilization mechanism in the embodiment; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the shotcrete stabilization mechanism after the side end plates have been removed in the embodiment; Figure 7 This is an assembly diagram of the carrying platform and support mechanism in the embodiment; Figure 8 This is a partial schematic diagram of the assembly of the shotcrete stabilization mechanism and the shotcrete actuator in the embodiment; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the shotcrete actuator in the embodiment; Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of the other side of the shotcrete actuator in the embodiment.

[0017] Figure label: 1. Shotcrete material pumping mechanism; 11. Batching mechanism; 12. Multi-stage concrete pump; 13. Discharge port; 2. Feeding pipe; 21. Ground horizontal pipe; 22. First vertical pipe; 23. First speed-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing bend; 24. Second vertical pipe; 25. Second speed-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing bend; 26. Flexible pipe; 3. Shotcrete stabilizing mechanism; 31. Upper end cover; 32. Lower end cover; 33. Side end plate; 34. Drive motor; 35. Long through groove; 36. Guide rod; 37. Screw; 38. Bearing platform; 39. Support mechanism; 391. Support hydraulic cylinder body; 392. Support hydraulic rod; 393. Support plate; 394. Support hydraulic cylinder body; 395. Support hydraulic rod; 4. Shotcrete actuator; 5. Long vertical shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] This embodiment discloses a shotcrete device suitable for long vertical shafts, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the shotcrete device mainly includes a shotcrete material pumping mechanism 1, a feeding pipe 2, a shotcrete stabilizing mechanism 3, and a shotcrete actuator 4. The outlet 13 of the shotcrete material pumping mechanism 1 is connected to the inlet end of the feeding pipe 2, and the outlet end of the feeding pipe 2 is connected to the inlet 41 of the shotcrete actuator 4. The shotcrete actuator 4 is installed at the bottom of the shotcrete stabilizing mechanism 3. The feeding pipe 2 passes through the shotcrete stabilizing mechanism 3. The shotcrete stabilizing mechanism 3 is equipped with a support mechanism 39 for supporting itself on the wall of the long vertical shaft 5. The support mechanism 39 can be adjusted radially along the long vertical shaft 5. The shotcrete stabilizing mechanism 3 is connected to a lifting control mechanism, and the shotcrete stabilizing mechanism 3 can be raised and lowered along the long vertical shaft 5. The following is a detailed description of each mechanism in conjunction with the specific attached drawings.

[0020] like Figure 3 As shown, the shotcrete material pumping mechanism 1 in this embodiment includes a batching mechanism 11 and a multi-stage concrete pump 12. The batching mechanism 11 is connected to the inlet of the multi-stage concrete pump 12. The multi-stage concrete pump 12 includes multiple pump trucks connected in parallel. The multiple pump trucks connected in parallel pump trucks pump shotcrete material by coordinating the pushing action of their piston rods.

[0021] like Figure 4As shown, in this embodiment, the feeding pipe 2 is provided with a ground horizontal pipe 21, a first vertical pipe 22, a first speed-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing bend 23, a second vertical pipe 24, a second speed-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing bend 25, and a flexible pipe 26 connected sequentially from the inlet end to the outlet end. The ground horizontal pipe 21 is connected to the outlet 13 of the shotcrete material pumping mechanism 1, and the flexible pipe 26 passes through the shotcrete stabilizing mechanism 3. In order to prevent segregation and blockage of the shotcrete material during long-distance descent, the lower end of each vertical pipe is connected to a speed-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing bend composed of multiple coiled bends, which helps to stabilize the flow rate of the slurry and avoid segregation. To facilitate automatic control of the flow rate and volume of the slurry in each pipe section, a flow meter and a pressure gauge are installed on the ground horizontal pipe 21 in this embodiment, valves are installed on the first vertical pipe 22 and the second vertical pipe 24, and a flow meter and a pressure gauge are installed on the first speed-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing bend 23 and the second speed-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing bend 25.

[0022] like Figures 5 to 8 As shown, the shotcrete stabilizing mechanism 3 in this embodiment includes an upper end cover 31, a lower end cover 32, side end plates 33, a bearing platform 38, a guide rod 36, a lead screw 37, a drive motor 34, and four support mechanisms 39. The upper end cover 31 and lower end cover 32 are arranged vertically opposite each other, and are connected by four side end plates 33, forming a hollow rectangular body. To facilitate the vertical rotation of the support mechanisms 39, each side end plate 33 in this embodiment has a long through groove 35 along its vertical edge, allowing each support mechanism 39 to rotate upwards and retract into the rectangular body, or rotate downwards and extend out from the long through groove 35 and be fixed radially. Figure 6 As shown, the rectangular body contains four guide rods 36 and one lead screw 37. Both the guide rods 36 and the lead screw 37 are vertically oriented. The four guide rods 36 are spaced apart around the lead screw 37. The guide rods 36 are smooth rods. The top end of each guide rod 36 is fixed to the bottom of the upper end cover 31, and the bottom end of each guide rod 36 is fixed to the top of the lower end cover 32. A drive motor 34 is installed at the bottom of the lower end cover 32, and the lead screw 37 is driven to rotate by the drive motor 34.

[0023] The shotcrete stabilizing mechanism 3 will continue to be explained as follows: Figure 7As shown, the support platform 38 is a horizontally arranged disc. A threaded hole is opened at the center of the support platform 38, and smooth holes are opened around the threaded hole. Each guide rod 36 passes through the smooth holes on the support platform 38, and the lead screw 37 passes through the threaded hole on the support platform 38. Four support mechanisms 39 are arranged circumferentially on the side of the support platform 38. In this embodiment, the support mechanism 39 includes a support hydraulic cylinder, a supporting hydraulic cylinder, and a support plate 393. The side wall of the support platform 38 is provided with an ear plate. One end of the support hydraulic cylinder body 391 is hinged to the ear plate, and the other end of the support hydraulic cylinder body 391 is provided with a support hydraulic rod 392. The outer end of the support hydraulic rod 392 is connected to the support plate 393. One end of the supporting hydraulic cylinder body 394 is also hinged to the ear plate, and the other end of the supporting hydraulic cylinder body 394 is provided with a supporting hydraulic rod 395. The outer end of the supporting hydraulic rod 395 is hinged to the support hydraulic cylinder body 391.

[0024] In this embodiment, a steel wire rope is fixedly connected to the upper end cover 31, and the other end of the steel wire rope is connected to the drive mechanism. When the drive mechanism pulls the steel wire rope, the entire shotcrete stabilizing mechanism 3 can move up and down along the long vertical shaft 5. When the drive motor 34 drives the lead screw 37 to rotate, the bearing platform 38 can move up and down along the lead screw 37, adjusting the support mechanism 39 to a suitable position for support and fixation. When the support mechanism 39 is not needed, each support mechanism 39 can be flipped upward along the hinge point with the bearing platform 38 until the support mechanism 39 is parallel to the lead screw 37. Similarly, when the support mechanism 39 needs to be supported on the shaft wall of the long vertical shaft 5, the support mechanism 39 is flipped downward until it is horizontal, and the extension and retraction length of the hydraulic rods of the support hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic cylinder is controlled to make the support plate 393 fit tightly against the shaft wall.

[0025] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the shotcrete actuator 4 in this embodiment includes an inlet 41 and a shotcrete outlet 42, with the inlet 41 connected to the outlet end of the flexible tube 26. The shotcrete actuator 4 in this embodiment has a multi-degree-of-freedom joint mechanism, facilitating the adjustment of the shotcrete position. Commercially available products can be used for the shotcrete actuator 4, which is directly fixed to the bottom surface of the lower end cover 32. To prevent the shotcrete stabilizing mechanism 3 from pulling on the feeding pipe 2 when moving up and down, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the flexible tube 26, which passes through the rectangular body, bypasses the support platform 38 and extends out from the long through groove 35. Then, the flexible tube 26 is connected to the feed port 41 of the shotcrete actuator 4.

[0026] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A shotcrete device suitable for long vertical shafts, characterized in that: The system includes a shotcrete material pumping mechanism, a feeding pipe, a shotcrete stabilizing mechanism, and a shotcrete actuator. The outlet of the shotcrete material pumping mechanism is connected to the inlet of the feeding pipe, and the outlet of the feeding pipe is connected to the inlet of the shotcrete actuator. The shotcrete actuator is installed at the bottom of the shotcrete stabilizing mechanism. The feeding pipe passes through the shotcrete stabilizing mechanism. The shotcrete stabilizing mechanism is equipped with a support mechanism for supporting itself on the wall of the long vertical shaft. The support mechanism can be adjusted radially along the long vertical shaft. The shotcrete stabilizing mechanism is connected to a lifting control mechanism, and the shotcrete stabilizing mechanism can be raised and lowered along the long vertical shaft. The feeding pipeline is provided with a ground horizontal pipe, a first vertical pipe, a first speed-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing bend, a second vertical pipe, a second speed-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing bend, and a flexible pipe connected in sequence from the inlet end to the outlet end. The flexible pipe passes through the shotcrete stabilization mechanism. The shotcrete material pumping mechanism includes a batching mechanism and a multi-stage concrete pump. The batching mechanism is connected to the inlet of the multi-stage concrete pump. The multi-stage concrete pump includes multiple pump trucks connected in parallel. The multiple pump trucks connected in parallel convey in sections by controlling their piston rods.

2. The shotcrete device suitable for long vertical shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting control mechanism includes a wire rope and a drive mechanism. One end of the wire rope is connected to the drive mechanism, and the other end of the wire rope is connected to the shotcrete stabilization mechanism.

3. A shotcrete device suitable for long vertical shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first and second speed-stabilizing and voltage-stabilizing bends are composed of multiple turns of coiled bends.

4. A shotcrete device suitable for long vertical shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: A flow meter and a pressure gauge are installed on the horizontal pipe on the ground. Valves are installed on both the first and second vertical pipes. A flow meter and a pressure gauge are installed on both the first and second speed-stabilizing and pressure-stabilizing bends.

5. A shotcrete device suitable for long vertical shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shotcrete stabilizing mechanism includes an upper end cover, a lower end cover, side end plates, a bearing platform, guide rods, lead screws, a drive motor, and multiple support mechanisms. The upper end cover, side end plates, and lower end cover are connected to form a hollow rectangular body. A long through groove is vertically opened on the side end plates. The interior of the rectangular body is equipped with vertically arranged guide rods and lead screws. The lead screws are driven to rotate by the drive motor. The bearing platform passes through the lead screws and guide rods and can slide up and down along the guide rods. The lead screws drive the bearing platform to rise and fall. Multiple support mechanisms are arranged circumferentially on the side of the bearing platform. One end of the support mechanism is hinged to the bearing platform. The support mechanism can be retracted along the hinge point to be parallel to the lead screw. The support mechanism can also be flipped downward along the hinge point and extended out from the long through groove.

6. A shotcrete device suitable for long vertical shafts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support mechanism includes a support hydraulic cylinder, a supporting hydraulic cylinder, and a support plate. The side wall of the bearing platform is provided with an ear plate. One end of the support hydraulic cylinder body is hinged to the ear plate, and the other end of the support hydraulic cylinder body is provided with a support hydraulic rod. The outer end of the support hydraulic rod is connected to the support plate. One end of the supporting hydraulic cylinder body is also hinged to the ear plate, and the other end of the supporting hydraulic cylinder body is provided with a supporting hydraulic rod. The outer end of the supporting hydraulic rod is hinged to the support hydraulic cylinder body.

7. A shotcrete device suitable for long vertical shafts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support mechanism is arranged in four intervals.

8. A shotcrete device suitable for long vertical shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shotcrete actuator has a multi-degree-of-freedom joint mechanism.

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