Ecological restoration method and system used along power transmission and transformation project in stony mountainous area

Abstract

The invention provides an ecological restoration method and system along a transmission and transformation project in a stony mountainous area, and the method comprises the steps: dividing a target region into a core protection region, a slope disturbance region and a restoration region along the project based on unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and ground actual measurement results, thereby providing a zoning basis for the targeted reinforcement of soil and the determination of vegetation types, and improving the reliability of the ecological restoration of the transmission and transformation project along the stony mountainous area. A soil strengthening strategy is determined based on area characteristics of a core protection area, a side slope disturbance area and a restoration area along a project, physicochemical properties of stone mountainous area soil can be remarkably improved, an adaptive environment is provided for follow-up vegetation rooting and growth, and after soil strengthening is completed, on the basis of monitoring data of a target area and in combination with a project line, a soil strengthening strategy is established. A directional planting strategy for the vegetation type of the target area is determined, the planting strategy is designed clearly in combination with engineering line requirements, the vegetation height and the root depth can be controlled in a targeted mode, and the core contradiction between ecological restoration and power transmission and transformation safety is solved from the source.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration method and system for a power transmission and transformation project along a rocky mountain area. BACKGROUND

[0002] The rocky mountain area has a complex terrain, thin soil layer, high rock exposure rate, poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, and a fragile ecological system. During the construction of a power transmission and transformation project, operations such as tower foundation excavation, construction road paving, and slope trimming will further disturb the surface, destroy the original vegetation and soil structure, intensify soil erosion, accelerate rock weathering, and even trigger landslides, collapses, and other geological disasters, which seriously affect the regional ecological balance.

[0003] Currently, the ecological restoration method for a power transmission and transformation project along a rocky mountain area mainly adopts the conventional mode of guest soil backfilling and tree and grass planting, which has many technical defects: first, the transportation cost of guest soil is high, and the compatibility with the local rock slope surface is poor, which is easy to be washed away by rain; second, the substrate improvement effect is poor, and there is a lack of targeted soil strengthening measures, resulting in low plant survival rate; third, the plant configuration is single, and the synergistic effect between species and the adaptability to the rocky mountain environment are not considered, resulting in poor stability of the restored ecological system; fourth, the electromagnetic environmental impact of the power transmission and transformation project and the safety operation and maintenance requirements are not taken into account, and the vegetation growth may affect the safety of the line; fifth, the post-maintenance relies on manual operation, which is low in efficiency and high in cost, and it is difficult to achieve dynamic regulation and control. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an ecological restoration method for a power transmission and transformation project along a rocky mountain area, which is highly targeted, creative, and stable in ecological effect. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides an ecological restoration method and system for a power transmission and transformation project along a rocky mountain area to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0005] An ecological restoration method for a power transmission and transformation project along a rocky mountain area, comprising: S1: obtaining detection data of a target area along the power transmission and transformation project based on unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and ground measurement, and dividing the target area into a core protection zone, a slope disturbance zone, and an engineering line repair zone based on the detection data; S2: determining a soil strengthening strategy based on the regional characteristics of the core protection zone, the slope disturbance zone, and the engineering line repair zone, and performing construction on the target area according to the soil strengthening strategy; S3: after completing the soil strengthening, determining a directional planting strategy of the vegetation type of the target area based on the monitoring data of the target area and in combination with the engineering line; S4: establishing an ecological restoration trend under the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy, and monitoring and adjusting the real-time ecological information under the directional planting strategy based on the ecological restoration trend.

[0006] Preferably, in S1, detection data of a target area along a power transmission and transformation project is obtained based on unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and ground measurement, including: Based on the target area, a flight route and a flight height are set, and based on the flight route and the flight height, a scanning device carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle is used to scan the target area to obtain aerial survey data; The target area is grid-dotted, and a measurement point is set, and a measurement device is used to monitor the target area at the measurement point to obtain measurement data; The aerial survey data and the measurement data are fused to obtain the detection data.

[0007] Preferably, in the step of fusing the aerial survey data and the measurement data to obtain the detection data, the method comprises: After the aerial survey data and the measurement data are cleaned and standardized, the aerial survey data and the measurement data are converted based on the same coordinate reference to obtain aerial survey coordinate data and measurement coordinate data; The position of the measurement point and the corresponding measurement value thereof are obtained from the measurement coordinate data, the aerial survey value corresponding to the position of the measurement point is obtained from the aerial survey coordinate data, and the residual distribution characteristics between the measurement value and the aerial survey value are established based on the distribution characteristics of the measurement points; The measurement coordinate points and residual values are obtained by extracting the residual distribution characteristics, and the residual value variance between adjacent measurement coordinate points is calculated, and the distribution of the residual value variance in the target area is overall fitted to obtain an error distribution field of the residual value variance; Based on the error-compensation mapping relationship, a compensation distribution field corresponding to the error distribution field is generated, and the aerial survey value is compensated based on the compensation distribution field to obtain a corrected aerial survey value; Based on the measurement points and based on the numerical type, the measurement value and the corrected aerial survey value are matched to obtain first measurement-corrected aerial survey values of a quantitative type and second measurement-corrected aerial survey values of an attribute type; For the first measurement-corrected aerial survey values, the measurement value is taken as a reference, the corrected aerial survey value provides continuous detail characteristics, and a digital quantitative type model is generated; For the second measurement-corrected aerial survey values, the measurement value is taken as a standard, the corrected aerial survey value is taken as an explanatory variable, a machine regression model is established, and attribute distribution data graphs are generated based on the machine regression model; Data characteristics in the digital quantitative type model and the attribute distribution data graphs are extracted as the final detection data.

[0008] Preferably, in S2, a soil strengthening strategy is determined based on the regional characteristics of the core protection area, the slope disturbance area, and the engineering along-line repair area, comprising: generate soil strengthening targets for the corresponding regions based on the regional characteristics of the core protection zone, the slope disturbance zone, and the repair zone along the project line, and generate an initial soil strengthening strategy based on the soil strengthening targets and in combination with a preset strengthening method; respectively acquire soil attribute value distributions of the core protection zone, the slope disturbance zone, and the repair zone along the project line, divide the core protection zone, the slope disturbance zone, and the repair zone along the project line into easy repair zones, medium repair zones, and difficult repair zones based on differences between the soil attribute value distributions and the soil strengthening targets; configure corresponding repair weights for the easy repair zones, the medium repair zones, and the difficult repair zones, and perform weighted processing on the initial soil strengthening strategy based on the repair weights to obtain a final soil strengthening strategy.

[0009] Preferably, in S3, after completing soil strengthening, a directional planting strategy for a vegetation type of the target region is determined based on monitoring data of the target region and in combination with the project line, including: divide the detection data of the target region based on ecological functions to obtain soil monitoring data, project line data, terrain and microenvironment data, and ecological substrate data, and perform multi-layer superposition on the soil monitoring data, the project line data, the terrain and microenvironment data, and the ecological substrate data based on a longitudinal direction to obtain multi-level data; perform cluster analysis on the multi-level data based on preset ecological function characteristics to obtain a plurality of ecological function units, and define an ecological service priority of each ecological function unit; acquire plant names, structural traits, and ecological function traits of plant types, combine to obtain plant characteristics, match the plant characteristics with the ecological service priority of each ecological function unit to obtain an initial plant type combination of each ecological function unit; set a corresponding planting strategy for each ecological function unit, evaluate the initial plant type combination based on the planting strategy to obtain an evaluation result; optimize the initial plant type combination based on the evaluation result to obtain a target plant type combination; generate the directional planting strategy for the vegetation type of the target region based on the target plant type combination.

[0010] Preferably, the target plant type combination is obtained by optimizing the initial plant type combination based on the evaluation result, including: determine safe abnormal results and ecological abnormal results from the evaluation result; replace the safe abnormal results with dwarf vegetation types and replace the ecological abnormal results with stress-tolerant vegetation types; obtain the target plant type combination based on the replacement result.

[0011] Preferably, in the S4, the ecological restoration trend based on the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy includes: Obtaining soil strengthening parameters, directional planting species characteristics and regional characteristics to obtain basic data; Obtaining growth standards, and based on the basic data and the growth standards, obtaining the ecological restoration trend under the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy.

[0012] Preferably, in the S4, the real-time ecological information under the directional planting strategy is monitored and adjusted based on the ecological restoration trend, including: Comparing the real-time ecological information under the directional planting strategy with the ecological restoration trend, and screening deviations exceeding a threshold value; Reason localization is performed on the deviations to obtain a reason type; Based on the reason type, an adjustment method is determined.

[0013] An ecological restoration system for a power transmission and transformation project along a mountainous area includes: A data acquisition and analysis module is configured to obtain detection data of a target region along a power transmission and transformation project based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial surveying and ground surveying, and divide the target region into a core protection zone, a slope disturbance zone and a project line repair zone based on the detection data; A soil strategy determination module is configured to determine a soil strengthening strategy based on the regional characteristics of the core protection zone, the slope disturbance zone and the project line repair zone, and perform construction on the target region according to the soil strengthening strategy; A planting strategy determination module is configured to determine a directional planting strategy of a vegetation type of the target region based on monitoring data of the target region and in combination with the project line after soil strengthening; A monitoring and adjustment module is configured to establish an ecological restoration trend based on the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy, and monitor and adjust real-time ecological information under the directional planting strategy based on the ecological restoration trend.

[0014] Preferably, the data acquisition and analysis module includes: An aerial survey data acquisition unit is configured to set a flight route and a flight height based on the target region, scan the target region by using a scanning device carried by a UAV based on the flight route and the flight height, and obtain aerial survey data; A field survey data acquisition unit is configured to grid points of the target region, set a field survey point, monitor the target region by using a field surveying device at the field survey point, and obtain field survey data; A data fusion unit is configured to fuse the aerial survey data and the field survey data to obtain detection data.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: Based on unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and ground measurement, detection data of the target area along the power transmission and transformation project is obtained, the ecological damage characteristics and engineering constraints of different regions can be accurately captured, the partition is more in line with the actual scene, the target area is divided into core protection area, slope disturbance area and engineering along the line repair area, which provides partition basis for soil targeted strengthening and determination of vegetation type, based on the regional characteristics of the core protection area, the slope disturbance area and the engineering along the line repair area, the soil strengthening strategy is determined, and the target area is constructed according to the soil strengthening strategy, which can significantly improve the physicochemical properties of the soil in the rocky mountain area, provide an adaptive environment for the subsequent vegetation rooting and growth, and fundamentally improve the vegetation survival rate. After the soil strengthening is completed, based on the monitoring data of the target area, the directional planting strategy of the vegetation type of the target area is determined combined with the engineering line, the planting strategy is designed in combination with the engineering line requirement, the vegetation height and root depth can be controlled in a targeted manner, the core contradiction between ecological restoration and power transmission safety is resolved from the source, the safety hidden danger caused by excessive growth of vegetation in the later period is avoided, and adaptive species are configured according to the functional requirements of each region, the ecological function and engineering safety are considered, the comprehensive nature of the restoration system is improved, finally, the ecological restoration trend under the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy is established, the real-time ecological information under the directional planting strategy is monitored and adjusted based on the ecological restoration trend, the monitoring and adjustment are more forward-looking, the risks such as abnormal vegetation growth and soil fertility degradation can be predicted in advance, intervention measures are taken in time, the restoration strategy is dynamically adjusted based on the real-time ecological information, the characteristics of the rocky mountain area that the extreme weather is more and the ecological environment is fragile are adapted, and the restoration effect is improved.

[0016] Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description, or can be learned by practice of the application. The objects and other advantages of the present application will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof.

[0017] The technical solutions of the present application will be further described in detail below with the help of the drawings and examples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present application, and constitute a part of the specification, together with the embodiments of the present application, to explain the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the present application. In the drawings: Figure 1 A flow chart of an ecological restoration method for a power transmission and transformation project along a rocky mountain area in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A flow chart of obtaining detection data in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A structural diagram of an ecological restoration system for a power transmission and transformation project along a rocky mountain area in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which it is understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are merely intended to illustrate and explain the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0020] Embodiment 1: The embodiment of the present application provides an ecological restoration method for a power transmission and transformation project in a rocky mountainous area, as shown in the following figure, comprising: Figure 1 S1: Based on unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and ground measurement, detection data of a target area along the power transmission and transformation project is obtained, and based on the detection data, the target area is divided into a core protection zone, a slope disturbance zone and a repair zone along the project line; S2: Based on the regional characteristics of the core protection zone, the slope disturbance zone and the repair zone along the project line, a soil strengthening strategy is determined, and the target area is constructed according to the soil strengthening strategy; S3: After completing the soil strengthening, based on the monitoring data of the target area, combined with the project line, a directional planting strategy of the vegetation type of the target area is determined; S4: Establish an ecological restoration trend under the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy, and monitor and adjust the real-time ecological information under the directional planting strategy based on the ecological restoration trend.

[0021] In this embodiment, the detection data includes slope, slope direction and rock exposure index, soil properties include soil thickness, organic matter content and permeability, local species diversity and coverage, etc.

[0022] In this embodiment, the core protection zone is characterized by being 0-3m away from the outer edge of the tower foundation base, with the highest safety control level, and the root depth needs to be limited, the slope disturbance zone is characterized by the construction disturbance slope with a slope of ≥25°, with serious ecological damage and prone to landslides, and needs to consider reinforcement and ecological restoration, and the repair zone along the project line is characterized by being within the safety clearance distance below and on both sides of the line, and needs to control the vegetation height.

[0023] ​The beneficial effects of the above design scheme are: based on unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and ground measurement, detection data of the target region along the power transmission and transformation project are obtained, the ecological damage characteristics and engineering constraints of different regions can be accurately captured, the partition is more in line with the actual scene, the target region is divided into a core protection area, a slope disturbance area and a repair area along the project, a partition basis is provided for the determination of soil targeted strengthening and vegetation type, based on the regional characteristics of the core protection area, the slope disturbance area and the repair area along the project, a soil strengthening strategy is determined, and the target region is constructed according to the soil strengthening strategy, which can significantly improve the physicochemical properties of the soil in the rocky mountainous area, provide an adaptive environment for the subsequent vegetation rooting and growth, and fundamentally improve the vegetation survival rate; after the soil strengthening is completed, based on the monitoring data of the target region and in combination with the engineering route, a directional planting strategy of the vegetation type of the target region is determined, the planting strategy is designed in combination with the engineering route requirement, the vegetation height and root depth can be targeted controlled, the core contradiction between ecological restoration and power transmission safety is resolved from the source, the safety hidden danger caused by excessive growth of the vegetation in the later period is avoided, and adaptive species are configured according to the functional requirements of each region, the ecological function and engineering safety are considered, the comprehensive nature of the restoration system is improved, finally, the ecological restoration trend under the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy is established, real-time ecological information under the directional planting strategy is monitored and adjusted based on the ecological restoration trend, the monitoring and adjustment are more forward-looking, risks such as abnormal vegetation growth and soil fertility degradation can be predicted in advance, intervention measures are taken in time, the restoration strategy is dynamically adjusted based on the real-time ecological information, the characteristics of the rocky mountainous area that the extreme weather is much and the ecological environment is fragile are adapted to, and the restoration effect is improved.

[0024] In the embodiment 2, based on the basis of the embodiment 1, an ecological restoration method for a power transmission and transformation project along a rocky mountainous area is provided, as shown in the figure. Figure 2 In S1, based on unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and ground measurement, detection data of the target region along the power transmission and transformation project are obtained, including: Based on the target region, a flight route and a flight height are set, based on the flight route and the flight height, a scanning device carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle is used to scan the target region, and aerial survey data are obtained; The target region is grid-dotted, and a measurement point is set, the target region is monitored by using a measurement equipment at the measurement point, and measurement data are obtained; The aerial survey data and the measurement data are fused, and detection data are obtained.

[0025] In this embodiment, the scanning device includes a visible light camera, a multispectral camera and a laser radar.

[0026] In this embodiment, the measurement equipment is, for example, a slope meter, a soil sampling drill and the like.

[0027] In this embodiment, according to the characteristics of the target area, differential grid points are arranged instead of uniform grid points. The grid points are arranged densely in areas with large terrain undulations or key areas.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the above design scheme are as follows: the target area is scanned by the scanning device carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle based on the flight route and the flight height, the aerial survey data is obtained, the target area is grid-pointed, the measured points are set, the target area is monitored by the measuring equipment at the measured points, the measured data is obtained, the aerial survey data and the measured data are fused, and the detection data is obtained, so that the ecological damage features and engineering constraints of different areas can be accurately captured, and the partition is more in line with the actual scene.

[0029] In this embodiment, the error-compensation mapping relationship is obtained based on historical data in advance. After the aerial survey data and the measured data are cleaned and standardized, the aerial survey data and the measured data are converted based on the same coordinate reference to obtain aerial survey coordinate data and measured coordinate data; The measured point positions and corresponding measured values are obtained from the measured coordinate data, the aerial survey values corresponding to the measured point positions are obtained from the aerial survey coordinate data, the residual distribution characteristics between the measured values and the aerial survey values are established based on the measured point distribution characteristics; The measured coordinate points and residual values are obtained by extracting the residual distribution characteristics, the residual value variances between adjacent measured coordinate points are calculated, and the distribution of the residual value variances in the target area is overall fitted to obtain an error distribution field of the residual value variances; Based on the error-compensation mapping relationship, a compensation distribution field corresponding to the error distribution field is generated, and the aerial survey values are compensated based on the compensation distribution field to obtain corrected aerial survey values; Based on the measured points and based on the numerical types, the measured values and the corrected aerial survey values are matched to obtain first measured-corrected aerial survey values of a quantitative type and second measured-corrected aerial survey values of an attribute type; For the first measured-corrected aerial survey values, the measured values are taken as the reference, the corrected aerial survey values provide continuous detailed features, and a digital quantitative type model is generated; For the second measured-corrected aerial survey values, the measured values are taken as the standard, the corrected aerial survey values are taken as the explanatory variables, a machine regression model is established, and attribute distribution data graphs are generated based on the machine regression model; The data features in the digital quantitative type model and the attribute distribution data graphs are extracted as the final detection data.

[0030] In this embodiment, the error-compensation mapping relationship is obtained based on historical data in advance.

[0031] In this embodiment, the residual distribution feature is the distribution feature of the difference between the measured value and the aerial survey value.

[0032] In this embodiment, the quantitative type is, for example, elevation, slope, etc., and the attribute type is, for example, rock exposure rate / vegetation coverage, etc.

[0033] In this embodiment, the attribute distribution data map is, for example, a full-coverage vegetation coverage distribution map with measured accuracy.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the above design scheme are: after cleaning and standardizing the aerial survey data and the measured data, the aerial survey data and the measured data are converted based on the same coordinate reference to obtain aerial survey coordinate data and measured coordinate data, the cleaning process removes outliers and noise, the standardization process eliminates the differences in data format and unit, and the unified coordinate reference avoids fusion errors caused by mismatching of the spatial reference system, lays a reliable foundation for subsequent fusion, improves the overall data quality, reduces systematic bias, makes the fusion result more repeatable and interpretable, secondly, the measured point position and the corresponding measured value are obtained from the measured coordinate data, the measured value corresponding to the measured point position is obtained from the aerial survey coordinate data, the residual distribution characteristics between the measured value and the aerial survey value are established based on the measured point distribution characteristics, not only the absolute value of the error is identified, but also the distribution characteristics are captured, thereby revealing the potential correlation between the error and the environmental factors, which helps to understand the error source and provides key input for subsequent modeling, avoids the limitations of simple average error compensation, and improves the scientificity and adaptability of the error model, then, the measured coordinate points and residual values are obtained by extracting the residual distribution characteristics, the residual value variance between adjacent measured coordinate points is calculated, the overall fitting of the residual value variance distribution in the target area is performed, the error distribution field of the residual value variance is obtained, and a continuous probabilistic error field is constructed instead of a single point error, which reflects the uncertainty and variability of the error distribution in the entire region, so that the error model not only considers the mean deviation, but also considers the local volatility, the dynamic error field enhances the robustness of compensation and reduces the risk of overfitting, and then based on the error-compensation mapping relationship, the compensation distribution field corresponding to the error distribution field is generated, the aerial survey value is compensated based on the compensation distribution field, the corrected aerial survey value is obtained, the error field is converted into the compensation field, and the compensation field generates customized compensation values for each position, thereby performing spatial adaptive correction on the aerial survey data, significantly improving the absolute accuracy of the aerial survey data and making it closer to the true value, while retaining the continuity and high resolution characteristics of the aerial survey data, the compensation process has high automation degree, reduces manual intervention, and improves processing efficiency, the measured value and the corrected aerial survey value are matched based on the measured points and based on the numerical type to obtain the first measured-corrected aerial survey value of the quantitative type and the second measured-corrected aerial survey value of the attribute type, the quantitative data (such as elevation, temperature) and the attribute data (such as vegetation type, soil category) are distinguished, the quantitative data focuses on numerical accuracy, and the attribute data focuses on classification consistency, which improves the relevance and reliability of the fusion result and ensures the applicability of the output data in their respective fields, and the first measured-corrected aerial survey value is generated based on the measured value as the reference and the continuous detailed features of the corrected aerial survey value, a digital quantitative type model is generated, which can combine the accuracy of the measured points and the continuity of the aerial survey data to output an accurate and delicate surface model.The method overcomes the shortcomings of relying on aerial survey or field survey alone, realizes point and surface combination, and is especially suitable for fine expression of complex topography in rocky mountainous areas. The machine learning model can capture nonlinear relationships and automatically learn the complex mapping between environmental characteristics and attributes, greatly improving the accuracy and efficiency of attribute mapping and reducing the subjectivity of traditional interpolation methods. By extracting data features from the digital quantitative type model and the attribute distribution data graph as the final detection data, not only the original data is provided, but also advanced features that can be used for direct analysis are derived, providing ready-to-use information products for ecological restoration monitoring. This feature extraction enhances the interpretability and practicality of the data, supports rapid decision-making and in-depth analysis. The final detection data product integrates geometric and semantic information, providing a scientific basis for ecological restoration planning, monitoring and evaluation along the power transmission and transformation project line, and supporting sustainable development.

[0035] In the embodiment 4, based on the embodiment 1, an ecological restoration method for rocky mountainous power transmission and transformation project line is provided. In S2, based on the regional characteristics of the core protection area, the slope disturbance area and the repair area along the project line, the soil strengthening strategy is determined, including: Based on the regional characteristics of the core protection area, the slope disturbance area and the repair area along the project line, the soil strengthening target of the corresponding area is generated, and based on the soil strengthening target, the initial soil strengthening strategy is generated in combination with the preset strengthening mode; The soil attribute value distribution of the core protection area, the slope disturbance area and the repair area along the project line is obtained respectively, and based on the difference between the soil attribute value distribution and the soil strengthening target, the core protection area, the slope disturbance area and the repair area along the project line are divided into easy repair area, medium repair area and difficult repair area; The corresponding repair weight is configured for the easy repair area, the medium repair area and the difficult repair area, and the initial soil strengthening strategy is weighted based on the repair weight to obtain the final soil strengthening strategy.

[0036] In this embodiment, the soil strengthening target is, for example, minimally invasive improvement and micro-ecological construction in the core protection area, without damaging the tower foundation, quickly forming a stable growth microenvironment, reinforcement-improvement integration in the slope disturbance area to improve the substrate bearing capacity and fertility, and prevent instability and erosion, and rapid construction of adaptive substrate in the repair area along the project line, considering ecological restoration efficiency and power transmission safety.

[0037] In this embodiment, the soil strengthening strategy of the core protection area is directional micro-injury micro-fracture construction, microorganism-mineral synergistic weathering system, slow-release nutrient package implantation, the soil strengthening strategy of the slope disturbance area is ecological lattice precise layout, porous composite substrate preparation and filling and rhizosphere growth promoting system construction, the soil strengthening strategy of the repair area along the project is rock surface layer precise activation, humus directional migration-composite and mycorrhizal symbiosis-safe compatible system construction, and the specific strengthening value is determined according to the repair weight on the basis of the basic value.

[0038] In this embodiment, the repair weights of the easy repair area, the medium repair area and the difficult repair area increase in turn.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the above design scheme are: by dividing the target area into the core protection area, the slope disturbance area and the repair area along the project, a partition basis is provided for targeted soil strengthening and determination of vegetation types, secondly, the generated initial soil strengthening strategy is in line with the core characteristics and strengthening target of the area, avoiding the extensive nature of the unified scheme, the initial strategy is targeted, laying a precise foundation for subsequent optimization, by dividing the repair difficulty level, the differences between soil properties and strengthening targets are accurately identified, the repair difficulty of each area is clear, avoiding resource mismatch, providing a basis for priority allocation, and finally the final strategy is obtained by weighted processing, the resources are tilted according to the repair weight, the difficult repair area is intensively strengthened, the easy repair area is simplified, the resource allocation is optimized, and the overall repair efficiency and compliance rate are improved.

[0040] In the embodiment 5 based on the embodiment 1, an ecological restoration method for a stone mountain area power transmission project along a line is provided, and in S3, after the soil strengthening is completed, based on the monitoring data of the target area, a directional planting strategy of the vegetation type of the target area is determined combined with the project line, including: Based on the ecological function, the detection data of the target area is divided to obtain soil monitoring data, project line data, terrain and microenvironment data and ecological base data, and based on the longitudinal direction, the soil monitoring data, the project line data, the terrain and microenvironment data and the ecological base data are multi-layered to obtain multi-level data; Based on the preset ecological function characteristics, the multi-level data is subjected to cluster analysis to obtain a plurality of ecological function units, and the ecological service priority of each ecological function unit is defined; The plant name, structural property and ecological function property of the plant type are obtained, and the plant characteristics are combined to obtain the initial plant type combination of each ecological function unit; Each ecological function unit is set with a corresponding planting strategy, and based on the planting strategy, the initial plant type combination is evaluated to obtain an evaluation result; Based on the evaluation result, the initial plant type combination is optimized to obtain a target plant type combination; Based on the target plant type combination, a directional planting strategy for the vegetation type of the target region is generated.

[0041] In this embodiment, the ecological service priority is, for example, low > shallow root > drought tolerance.

[0042] In this embodiment, the soil monitoring data includes soil physicochemical properties (pH, N / P / K content, organic matter), water dynamics, microbial activity; engineering route data includes tower foundation coordinates, cable corridor width, inspection road, safety distance (such as discharge distance); terrain and microenvironment data includes high-precision DEM (slope, slope direction, catchment area), wind speed field simulation, light distribution map; ecological base data includes surrounding native vegetation community type, wild animal migration path.

[0043] In this embodiment, the ecological function unit includes a tower foundation strong unit: centered on the tower foundation, affected by electromagnetic and thermal fields, plants that are extremely low and do not damage the foundation with root systems; a corridor fireproof-biological passage unit: under the cable, both fireproof and providing a corridor for small animals; a slope shallow reinforcement unit: divided into steep slope reinforcement area and gentle slope water retention area according to slope and soil thickness; a water and soil purification unit: located at the end of the catchment line or drainage ditch; a biodiversity hotspot unit: adjacent to the core protection area, serving as a bridgehead for species source diffusion.

[0044] In this embodiment, the structural traits: mature height, crown width, root depth and configuration (taproot type, fibrous root type); physiological traits: water use efficiency, tolerance to barrenness, shade tolerance, fire tolerance; ecological functional traits: nitrogen fixation ability, nectar source / berry (attracting pollinators / birds), root shear strength.

[0045] In this embodiment, the planting strategy for the tower foundation strong unit is to select plants that are always lower than the safety distance in height, have stems and leaves that are not easy to burn, and have fibrous root systems that do not drill deep; the planting strategy for the corridor fireproof-biological passage unit is to design a strip community composed of fireproof tree species and animal-friendly shrubs; the planting strategy for the slope shallow reinforcement unit is to configure deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plants according to soil thickness, and inoculate special mycorrhizal fungi The beneficial effects of the above design scheme are: based on ecological function, the detection data of the target area is divided, the structuring and functionalization of data management are realized, a unified, accurate and multi-dimensional data basement is provided for subsequent analysis, it is ensured that the decision is based on comprehensive information rather than one-sided experience, the decision deviation caused by data loss or fragmentation is avoided from the source, based on the preset ecological function characteristics, the multi-level data is clustered and analyzed to obtain multiple ecological function units, the refinement and differentiation of spatial management are realized, by defining the ecological service priority of each ecological function unit, the species selection process is changed from a fuzzy and subjective decision to a clear and optimized multi-objective decision problem, which greatly improves the efficiency of resource allocation, the plant characteristics are matched with the ecological service priority of each ecological function unit to obtain an initial plant type combination, the standardization and automation of species screening are realized, the consistency of screening standards is ensured under different projects and different engineer operations, then a corresponding planting strategy is set for each ecological function unit, the initial plant type combination is evaluated and optimized based on the planting strategy, the feasibility of the theoretical combination in the actual planting process is evaluated, and the final plant combination is optimized according to the evaluation result, so that the final plant combination not only matches the function, but also is stable in community ecology and feasible in construction operation, a more robust and sustainable final scheme is generated, a directional planting strategy is generated based on the target plant type combination, which can significantly improve the vegetation survival rate, accelerate community succession, reduce long-term maintenance cost, and finally form a high-level ecological system that can self-maintain and harmonize with the power transmission and transformation project, and finally, the scientific and technological content, success rate and long-term benefit of the ecological restoration project of the rocky mountain power transmission and transformation project are greatly improved.

[0046] In the embodiment 6 based on the embodiment 5, an ecological restoration method for the rocky mountain power transmission and transformation project is provided, the initial plant type combination is optimized based on the evaluation result to obtain a target plant type combination, including: determining a safety abnormal result and an ecological abnormal result from the evaluation result; replacing the safety abnormal result with a dwarf vegetation type and replacing the ecological abnormal result with a stress-tolerant vegetation type; obtaining a target plant type combination based on the replacement result.

[0047] The beneficial effects of the above design scheme are: by determining a safety abnormal result and an ecological abnormal result from the evaluation result; replacing the safety abnormal result with a dwarf vegetation type and replacing the ecological abnormal result with a stress-tolerant vegetation type, the final plant combination not only matches the function, but also is stable in community ecology and feasible in construction operation, and a more robust and sustainable final scheme is generated.

[0048] In the embodiment 7, the ecological restoration trend based on the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy comprises: Obtaining the soil strengthening parameters, the directional plant species characteristics and the regional characteristics to obtain the basic data; Obtaining the growth standard, and obtaining the ecological restoration trend under the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy based on the basic data and the growth standard.

[0049] The beneficial effects of the above design scheme are that the ecological restoration trend based on the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy is established, the real-time ecological information under the directional planting strategy is monitored and adjusted based on the ecological restoration trend, the monitoring and adjustment are more forward-looking, the risks such as abnormal vegetation growth and soil fertility degradation can be predicted in advance, the intervention measures can be taken in time, the restoration strategy is dynamically adjusted based on the real-time ecological information, the restoration strategy is adapted to the characteristics of the extreme weather and the fragile ecological environment in the rocky mountainous area, and the restoration effect is improved.

[0050] In the embodiment 8, the real-time ecological information under the directional planting strategy is compared with the ecological restoration trend, and the deviation exceeding the threshold is screened out. The cause of the deviation is located to obtain the cause type. Based on the cause type, the adjustment mode is determined. In this embodiment, the cause type is classified according to the safety risk type (such as excessive height), the ecological adaptation type (such as low survival rate), and the environmental impact type (such as growth stagnation caused by drought), and the deviation source (such as excessive height due to rapid growth of the species, and low survival rate due to insufficient soil water retention) is determined.

[0051] In this embodiment, the safety deviation is adjusted preferentially: when the vegetation height / net distance exceeds the standard, the minimally invasive intervention (spraying biological height control agent and local pruning) is preferentially adopted, and in the extreme case, the short alternative species is replaced to ensure that the safety standard reaches 100%. In this embodiment, the ecological deviation is adjusted in a targeted manner: the low survival rate is compensated by planting the stress-tolerant pioneer species, the insufficient coverage is compensated by planting the creeping herb species, and the poor soil adaptability is compensated by optimizing the rhizosphere bacteria agent supplement scheme.

[0052]

[0053] ​The beneficial effects of the above design scheme are: the ecological restoration trend based on the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy, monitoring and adjusting the real-time ecological information under the directional planting strategy based on the ecological restoration trend, making the monitoring and adjustment more forward-looking, being able to predict risks such as abnormal vegetation growth and soil fertility degradation in advance, taking intervention measures in time, dynamically adjusting the restoration strategy based on real-time ecological information, making the restoration strategy adapt to the characteristics of extreme weather and fragile ecological environment in rocky mountainous areas, and improving the restoration effect.

[0054] In an embodiment of the present application, an ecological restoration system for a power transmission and transformation project in a rocky mountainous area is provided, as shown in the accompanying drawings, comprising: Figure 3 A data collection and analysis module is configured to obtain detection data of a target area along the power transmission and transformation project based on unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and ground measurement, and divide the target area into a core protection zone, a slope disturbance zone and a repair zone along the project line based on the detection data. A soil strategy determination module is configured to determine a soil strengthening strategy based on the characteristics of the core protection zone, the slope disturbance zone and the repair zone along the project line, and to construct the target area according to the soil strengthening strategy. A planting strategy determination module is configured to determine a directional planting strategy for the vegetation type of the target area based on the monitoring data of the target area after the soil strengthening, in combination with the project line. A monitoring and adjustment module is configured to establish an ecological restoration trend based on the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy, and to monitor and adjust real-time ecological information under the directional planting strategy based on the ecological restoration trend.

[0055] In this embodiment, the detection data includes slope, slope direction and rock exposure index, the soil properties include soil thickness, organic matter content and permeability, local species diversity and coverage, etc.

[0056] In this embodiment, the core protection zone is characterized by being 0-3m away from the outer edge of the tower foundation base, having the highest safety control level, and needing to limit root depth, the slope disturbance zone is characterized by being a construction disturbance slope with a slope of ≥25°, having serious ecological damage and being prone to landslides, and needing to consider reinforcement and ecological restoration, and the repair zone along the project line is characterized by being within the safety clearance distance below and on both sides of the line, and needing to control vegetation height.

[0057] ​The beneficial effects of the above design scheme are: based on unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey and ground measurement, detection data of the target region along the power transmission and transformation project are obtained, the ecological damage characteristics and engineering constraints of different regions can be accurately captured, the partition is more in line with the actual scene, the target region is divided into a core protection area, a slope disturbance area and a repair area along the project, a partition basis is provided for the determination of soil targeted strengthening and vegetation type, based on the regional characteristics of the core protection area, the slope disturbance area and the repair area along the project, a soil strengthening strategy is determined, and the target region is constructed according to the soil strengthening strategy, which can significantly improve the physicochemical properties of the soil in the rocky mountainous area, provide an adaptive environment for the subsequent vegetation rooting and growth, and fundamentally improve the vegetation survival rate; after the soil strengthening is completed, based on the monitoring data of the target region and in combination with the engineering route, a directional planting strategy of the vegetation type of the target region is determined, the planting strategy is designed in combination with the engineering route requirement, the vegetation height and root depth can be targeted controlled, the core contradiction between ecological restoration and power transmission safety is resolved from the source, the safety hidden danger caused by excessive growth of the vegetation in the later period is avoided, and adaptive species are configured according to the functional requirements of each region, the ecological function and engineering safety are considered, the comprehensiveness of the restoration system is improved, finally, the ecological restoration trend under the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy is established, the real-time ecological information under the directional planting strategy is monitored and adjusted based on the ecological restoration trend, the monitoring and adjustment are more forward-looking, risks such as abnormal vegetation growth and soil fertility degradation can be predicted in advance, intervention measures are taken in time, the restoration strategy is dynamically adjusted based on the real-time ecological information, the characteristics of the rocky mountainous area that the extreme weather is much and the ecological environment is fragile are adapted to, and the restoration effect is improved.

[0058] In the embodiment 10, based on the basis of the embodiment 9, the application provides an ecological restoration system for a power transmission and transformation project along a rocky mountainous area, and the data acquisition and analysis module comprises: An aerial survey data acquisition unit is configured to set a flight route and a flight height based on the target region, and scan the target region by using a scanning device carried by a drone based on the flight route and the flight height to obtain aerial survey data. A field measurement data acquisition unit is configured to grid the target region, set a field measurement point, and monitor the target region by using a field measurement device at the field measurement point to obtain field measurement data. A data fusion unit is configured to fuse the aerial survey data and the field measurement data to obtain detection data.

[0059] In this embodiment, the scanning device comprises a visible light camera, a multispectral camera and a laser radar.

[0060] In this embodiment, the field measurement device is, for example, a slope meter or a soil sampling drill.

[0061] In the embodiment, according to the target area characteristics, differential grid points are arranged instead of uniform arrangement. In the terrain with large undulations or key areas, the grid points are arranged densely.

[0062] The beneficial effects of the above design scheme are: based on the target area, the flight route and the flight height are set, based on the flight route and the flight height, the target area is scanned by using the scanning device carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle to obtain aerial survey data, the target area is grid arranged, the measured points are set, the target area is monitored by using the measuring equipment at the measured points to obtain measured data, the aerial survey data and the measured data are fused to obtain detection data, and different regional ecological damage features and engineering constraints can be accurately captured, and the partition is more in line with the actual scene.

[0063] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present application belong to the scope of the present application and its equivalent technologies, the present application also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration method for a power transmission project along a rocky mountainous area, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1: Based on unmanned aerial survey and ground measurement, obtain detection data of the target area along the power transmission and transformation project, and based on the detection data, divide the target area into core protection area, slope disturbance area and engineering along the line repair area; S2: Based on the regional characteristics of the core protection area, the slope disturbance area and the engineering along the line repair area, determine the soil strengthening strategy, and carry out construction on the target area according to the soil strengthening strategy; S3: After completing the soil strengthening, based on the monitoring data of the target area, combined with the engineering line, determine the directional planting strategy of the vegetation type of the target area; S4: Establish the ecological restoration trend under the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy, and monitor and adjust the real-time ecological information under the directional planting strategy based on the ecological restoration trend.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, In S1, based on unmanned aerial survey and ground measurement, the detection data of the target area along the power transmission and transformation project is obtained, which comprises: Based on the target area, set the flight route and flight height, and based on the flight route and flight height, use the scanning device carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle to scan the target area to obtain the aerial survey data; Grid points are set on the target area, and measurement points are set. The target area is monitored by using measurement equipment at the measurement points to obtain measurement data; Fuse the aerial survey data and the measurement data to obtain the detection data.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, In the process of fusing the aerial survey data and the measurement data to obtain the detection data, the following steps are included: After cleaning and standardizing the aerial survey data and the measurement data, the aerial survey data and the measurement data are converted based on the same coordinate reference to obtain aerial survey coordinate data and measurement coordinate data; The position of the measurement point and its corresponding measurement value are obtained from the measurement coordinate data, and the aerial survey value corresponding to the position of the measurement point is obtained from the aerial survey coordinate data. Based on the distribution characteristics of the measurement points, the residual distribution characteristics between the measurement value and the aerial survey value are established; The measurement coordinate points and residual values are obtained by extracting the residual distribution characteristics, and the residual value variance between adjacent measurement coordinate points is calculated. The overall fitting of the distribution of the residual value variance in the target area is performed to obtain the error distribution field of the residual value variance; Based on the error-compensation mapping relationship, the compensation distribution field corresponding to the error distribution field is generated, and the aerial survey value is compensated based on the compensation distribution field to obtain the corrected aerial survey value; Based on the measurement points and based on the numerical type, the measurement value and the corrected aerial survey value are matched to obtain the first measurement-corrected aerial survey value of the quantitative type and the second measurement-corrected aerial survey value of the attribute type; For the first measurement-corrected aerial survey value, the measurement value is taken as the reference, and the corrected aerial survey value provides continuous detail characteristics to generate a digital quantitative type model; For the second measurement-corrected aerial survey value, the measurement value is taken as the standard, and the corrected aerial survey value is taken as the explanatory variable to establish a machine regression model. Based on the machine regression model, an attribute distribution data graph is generated; The data characteristics in the digital quantitative type model and the attribute distribution data graph are extracted as the final detection data.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, In S2, based on the regional characteristics of the core protection area, the slope disturbance area and the engineering along the line repair area, the soil strengthening strategy is determined, which comprises: The soil strengthening target of the corresponding region is generated based on the regional characteristics of the core protection zone, the slope disturbance zone and the repair zone along the project line, and the initial soil strengthening strategy is generated based on the soil strengthening target and in combination with the preset strengthening mode; The soil attribute value distribution of the core protection zone, the slope disturbance zone and the repair zone along the project line is obtained respectively, and the core protection zone, the slope disturbance zone and the repair zone along the project line are divided into easy repair zones, medium repair zones and difficult repair zones based on the difference between the soil attribute value distribution and the soil strengthening target; The corresponding repair weight is configured for the easy repair zone, the medium repair zone and the difficult repair zone, and the initial soil strengthening strategy is weighted to obtain the final soil strengthening strategy.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, In S3, after the soil is strengthened, the monitoring data of the target region is obtained, and the directional planting strategy of the vegetation type of the target region is determined based on the monitoring data and in combination with the project line, including: The detection data of the target region is divided based on the ecological function to obtain soil monitoring data, project line data, terrain and microenvironment data and ecological base data, and the soil monitoring data, the project line data, the terrain and the microenvironment data and the ecological base data are superimposed in multiple layers based on the longitudinal direction to obtain multi-level data; Based on the preset ecological function characteristics, the multi-level data is subjected to cluster analysis to obtain a plurality of ecological function units, and the ecological service priority of each ecological function unit is defined; The plant name, structural property and ecological function property of the plant type are obtained, and the plant characteristics are combined to obtain the plant characteristics, and the plant characteristics are matched with the ecological service priority of each ecological function unit to obtain the initial plant type combination of each ecological function unit; A corresponding planting strategy is set for each ecological function unit, and the initial plant type combination is evaluated based on the planting strategy to obtain an evaluation result; The initial plant type combination is optimized based on the evaluation result to obtain a target plant type combination; Based on the target plant type combination, a directional planting strategy of the vegetation type of the target region is generated.

6. The ecological restoration method for the power transmission project in the rocky mountain area according to claim 5, characterized in that, The initial plant type combination is optimized based on the evaluation result to obtain a target plant type combination, including: The safe abnormal result and the ecological abnormal result are determined from the evaluation result; The dwarf vegetation type is replaced for the safe abnormal result, and the stress-tolerant vegetation type is replaced for the ecological abnormal result; The target plant type combination is obtained based on the replacement result.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, In S4, the ecological restoration trend under the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy is established, including: The soil strengthening parameters, the directional plant species characteristics and the regional characteristics are integrated to obtain basic data; The growth standard is obtained, and the ecological restoration trend under the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy is obtained based on the basic data and the growth standard.

8. The ecological restoration method for the power transmission project in the rocky mountain area according to claim 7, characterized in that, In S4, the real-time ecological information under the directional planting strategy is monitored and adjusted based on the ecological restoration trend, including: The real-time ecological information under the directional planting strategy is compared with the ecological restoration trend, and deviations exceeding a threshold are screened out; The cause type is obtained by locating the cause of the deviation; The adjustment mode is determined based on the cause type.

9. An ecological restoration system for use in a rock mountain power transmission and transformation project, for implementing the method of ecological restoration for use in a rock mountain power transmission and transformation project according to claim 1, characterized in that, ​ The data collection and analysis module is configured to acquire detection data of a target region along a power transmission and transformation project based on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial survey and ground survey, and divide the target region into a core protection zone, a slope disturbance zone and a repair zone along the project based on the detection data. The soil strategy determination module is configured to determine a soil strengthening strategy based on the characteristics of the core protection zone, the slope disturbance zone and the repair zone along the project, and perform construction on the target region according to the soil strengthening strategy. The planting strategy determination module is configured to determine a directional planting strategy of a vegetation type for the target region based on monitoring data of the target region after soil strengthening and in combination with the project route. The monitoring and adjustment module is configured to establish an ecological restoration trend under the soil strengthening strategy and the directional planting strategy, and monitor and adjust real-time ecological information under the directional planting strategy based on the ecological restoration trend.

10. The ecological restoration system for the power transmission project in the rocky mountain area according to claim 9, characterized in that, The data collection and analysis module includes: The aerial survey data collection unit is configured to set a flight route and a flight height based on the target region, scan the target region by using a scanning device carried by a UAV based on the flight route and the flight height, and obtain aerial survey data. The field survey data collection unit is configured to perform grid point distribution on the target region, set a field survey point, monitor the target region by using a field survey device at the field survey point, and obtain field survey data. The data fusion unit is configured to fuse the aerial survey data and the field survey data, and obtain detection data.

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