Analysis and decision-making method for channel selection of double-channel closed-loop supply chain
By constructing a multi-strategy game model for a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain, the complexity of manufacturers choosing between trade-in and re-exchange services in their self-operated online channels and traditional retail channels is solved. This provides a scientific method for channel strategy selection, improving the scientific nature of enterprise decision-making and market adaptability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511709552.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing research has failed to systematically explore how leading manufacturers choose service delivery channels for trade-in and re-exchange programs when they operate through a dual-channel system consisting of their own online channels and traditional retail channels, and how this affects pricing, demand, and profits for all parties in the supply chain.
We construct a multi-strategy game model for a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain. By systematically comparing and analyzing the equilibrium results of each strategy, we reveal the impact of key market parameters on profits and optimal channel strategies, providing scientific and quantitative decision-making basis.
It provides a systematic decision-making framework, enhances the scientific nature and accuracy of decision-making, identifies the core driving factors affecting channel strategy selection, achieves a balance between individual and systemic benefits, and improves the adaptability and competitiveness of enterprises in complex market environments.
Smart Images
Figure CN121544246A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of supply chain management technology and relates to an analysis and decision-making method for dual-channel closed-loop supply chain channel selection for the coexistence of trade-in and re-exchange programs. Background Technology
[0002] Against the backdrop of global advocacy for sustainable development and a circular economy, closed-loop supply chains have received widespread attention as a key pathway to achieve resource recycling and minimize environmental impact. Among them, "trade-old-for-new" (TON) and "trade-old-for-remanufactured" (TOR) are two core reverse logistics incentive mechanisms.
[0003] The academic community has conducted in-depth research on TON and TOR strategies. For example, Cao et al. and Yan Bo et al. explored the TON strategy in dual-channel distribution. Han Xiaohua et al. and Li Yan et al. studied pricing and coordination issues under the TOR model. Some scholars, such as Ma et al. and Miao et al., have begun to study supply chain decisions when TON and TOR coexist.
[0004] However, existing research still has significant gaps. Few studies systematically explore how to choose the delivery channel for TON / TOR services when a leading manufacturer operates both TON and TOR businesses through a dual-channel system consisting of its own online network and traditional retail channels, and the recycled products are also available to all consumers. The real dilemma facing companies is: should manufacturers handle recycling independently online, outsource it entirely to offline retailers, or should both operate recycling through their respective channels? Different channel strategies will directly impact pricing, demand, and profits for all parties in the supply chain. Existing literature lacks analytical methods for systematically weighing performance and providing decision-making guidance on this issue.
[0005] Therefore, providing a method that can quantitatively evaluate and optimize different recycling channel strategies based on key market characteristics (such as consumer preferences) has significant theoretical value and practical guiding significance. Summary of the Invention
[0006] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide an analysis and decision-making method for channel selection in a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain where trade-in and TOR (Total Return on Investment) coexist, addressing the complexity of channel strategy selection faced by leading manufacturers operating both "TON" (Trade-in on Delivery) and "TOR" (Total Return on Investment) businesses simultaneously. This method, through systematic comparative analysis of the equilibrium results of various strategies, reveals the decisive impact of key market parameters—namely, consumer acceptance of recycled products and acceptance of channel shifting—on the profits of all parties and the optimal strategy selection. Based on the specific levels of these parameters, this method provides manufacturers with a scientific and quantitative basis for selecting the optimal channel strategy that balances individual profits and overall system benefits, effectively enhancing the adaptability and competitiveness of enterprises in complex market environments.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: An analytical and decision-making method for selecting channels in a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain, which combines trade-in and re-exchange programs, specifically includes the following steps: S1: Multiple strategies for building a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain; The dual-channel closed-loop supply chain includes a dominant manufacturer as the game leader and a single retailer as a follower; the multi-strategy includes the following three parallel business channel strategies: Manufacturer Direct Sales Channel Strategy (M Strategy): The manufacturer provides trade-in (TON) and trade-to-recycle (TOR) services solely through its online direct sales channel; Retailer Channel Strategy (R Strategy): The manufacturer entrusts a single retailer to provide TON and TOR recycling services solely through traditional retail channels; Dual-Channel Strategy (D Strategy): The manufacturer provides TON and TOR recycling services jointly through its online direct sales channel and the entrusted retailer through traditional retail channels.
[0008] S2: Construct a multi-strategy game model and solve it; Constructing a multi-strategy game model specifically includes: First, based on the principle of maximizing consumer net utility, deriving demand functions for new and replacement consumers under different channels for new and recycled products; this process fully considers consumers' perceived value of recycled products (derived from acceptance). (reflected) and the ease of transfer between different channels (as reflected in acceptance) (Implication). Secondly, based on the demand function, profit functions are constructed for manufacturers and retailers under three strategies; Finally, the model is solved using backward induction, starting from the retailer's optimal response decision and working backward to the manufacturer's optimal decision, to obtain the equilibrium decisions (including equilibrium price, quantity demanded, and profit) for both the manufacturer and the retailer under each strategy.
[0009] S3: Based on the equilibrium decision obtained in step S2, calculate and compare the sales demand for new products and recycled products, the replacement demand for TON and TOR, and the total profit performance of manufacturers, retailers and supply chain systems under the three strategies for each channel.
[0010] S4: Based on the comparative analysis results of step S3, and combined with the preset or calculated key market parameters, namely consumer acceptance of recycled products and consumer acceptance of channel shifts, select the optimal business channel strategy for the manufacturer.
[0011] Furthermore, in step S2, in deriving the demand function, the consumer's net utility depends on the consumer's willingness to pay for the product, the actual price paid, the perceived value of holding the old product, and the replacement discount obtained, etc.
[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, in deriving the demand function, the consumer's willingness to pay for recycled products is a combination of their willingness to pay for new products and their acceptance of recycled products. The product of the product; under the M and R strategies, consumers who need to participate in the replacement across channels have their willingness to pay for new or recycled products multiplied by their channel switching acceptance. Adjustments were made, including .
[0013] Furthermore, in step S2, the derivation process of the demand function under the traditional retail channel (d) is as follows: First, let's analyze the needs of new consumers, expressed as:
[0014]
[0015] in, This represents the demand for new products from new consumers in traditional retail channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from new consumers in traditional retail channels. , For retailers' new product retail prices, Retail price of reprocessed goods for retailers; The proportion of new consumers in the offline market. ; Consumers' willingness to pay for new products ); Secondly, let's analyze the replacement demand of replacement consumers, expressed as:
[0016]
[0017] in, This replaces consumer demand for new products in traditional retail channels. This replaces consumer demand for recycled products in traditional retail channels; , Discounts for retailers For product durability factor, ; For channel transfer and replacement needs, under strategy R, the analysis process is the same as for normal replacement needs, and the assumptions are as follows: The demand function after channel transfer:
[0018]
[0019] in, This refers to replacing the demand for new products from consumers who have switched channels in traditional retail channels. This refers to replacing the demand for recycled products from consumers who have shifted their spending through traditional retail channels. In order to replace consumer acceptance of channel shifts, ; Under strategy M, the various demand functions of the online direct sales channel and the corresponding channel transfer and replacement needs Similarly, it can be deduced that only specific parameters of traditional retail channels need to be considered. Replace with parameters for online direct sales channels ,in, These represent the demand for new products from new consumers in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from new consumers in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for new products from consumers replacing their old ones in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from consumers in online direct sales channels. This refers to the demand for new products shifted among replacement consumers in online direct sales channels. This refers to the demand for recycled products transferred by replacement consumers in online direct sales channels. For manufacturers' new product online direct sales prices, For manufacturers of recycled products, online direct sales prices. Discounts for manufacturers The proportion of new consumers in the online market. .
[0020] Furthermore, in step S2, the manufacturer's profit function consists of direct sales revenue from new and recycled products, wholesale revenue, and remanufacturing cost savings from recycling old products, minus production costs, replacement discounts paid to consumers, and recycling transfer payments paid to retailers; the retailer's profit function consists of retail revenue from new and recycled products and recycling transfer payments received from the manufacturer, minus product wholesale costs and replacement discounts paid to consumers.
[0021] Furthermore, in step S2, under strategy D, the profit functions for the manufacturer and the retailer are respectively:
[0022]
[0023] in, For the manufacturer's profit under strategy D, Retailer profits under Strategy D; This refers to the wholesale price of new products from manufacturers to retailers. The wholesale price of recycled products from manufacturers to retailers; The unit production cost of the new product The unit production cost of recycled products. ; The residual value of a unit of used product recycling ; For manufacturers' new product online direct sales prices, For manufacturers of recycled products, online direct sales prices. Transfer pricing for old product recycling For retailers' new product retail prices, Retail price of reprocessed goods for retailers; Discounts for manufacturers Discounts are offered to retailers; This represents the demand for new products from new consumers in traditional retail channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from new consumers in traditional retail channels. This refers to the demand for new products from new consumers in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from new consumers in online direct sales channels. This replaces consumer demand for new products in traditional retail channels. This replaces consumer demand for recycled products in traditional retail channels. This represents the demand for new products from consumers replacing their old ones in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from replacement consumers in online direct sales channels.
[0024] Furthermore, in step S2, under strategy M, the profit functions for the manufacturer and the retailer are respectively:
[0025]
[0026] in, For the manufacturer's profit under strategy M, Retailer profits under strategy M; This refers to the wholesale price of new products from manufacturers to retailers. The wholesale price of recycled products from manufacturers to retailers; The unit production cost of the new product The unit production cost of recycled products. ; The residual value of a unit of used product recycling ; For manufacturers' new product online direct sales prices, For manufacturers of recycled products, online direct sales prices. For retailers' new product retail prices, Retail price of reprocessed goods for retailers; Manufacturer replacement discount; This represents the demand for new products from new consumers in traditional retail channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from new consumers in traditional retail channels. This refers to the demand for new products from new consumers in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from new consumers in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for new products from consumers replacing their old ones in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from consumers in online direct sales channels. This refers to replacing the demand for new products from consumers who have switched channels in traditional retail channels. This refers to the demand for recycled products from consumers who have shifted their focus through traditional retail channels.
[0027] Furthermore, in step S2, under strategy R, the profit functions for the manufacturer and the retailer are respectively:
[0028]
[0029] in, For the manufacturer's profit under strategy R, Retailer profits under strategy R; This refers to the wholesale price of new products from manufacturers to retailers. The wholesale price of recycled products from manufacturers to retailers; The unit production cost of the new product The unit production cost of recycled products. ; The residual value of a unit of used product recycling ; For manufacturers' new product online direct sales prices, For manufacturers of recycled products, online direct sales prices. Transfer pricing for old product recycling For retailers' new product retail prices, Retail price of reprocessed goods for retailers; Discounts for manufacturers Discounts are offered to retailers; This represents the demand for new products from new consumers in traditional retail channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from new consumers in traditional retail channels. This refers to the demand for new products from new consumers in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from new consumers in online direct sales channels. This replaces consumer demand for new products in traditional retail channels. This replaces consumer demand for recycled products in traditional retail channels. This represents the demand for new products from consumers replacing their old ones in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from replacement consumers in online direct sales channels.
[0030] Furthermore, in step S3, the comparative analysis specifically includes: In terms of price: compared to the D strategy, under the M strategy, manufacturers will lower the direct sales price and increase the online trade-in discount; under the R strategy, manufacturers will lower the wholesale price, while retailers will lower the retail price and increase the offline trade-in discount; In terms of demand: compared to the D strategy, the M and R strategies can significantly increase the demand for trade-in to TOR in their respective advantageous channels through stronger recycling incentives.
[0031] Furthermore, in step S4, the optimal business channel strategy selection is based on the following criteria: From the perspective of total supply chain system profit: when consumer acceptance of channel switching is low, the dual-channel (D) strategy is optimal; when consumer acceptance of channel switching is high, the system profit of the manufacturer direct sales channel (M) strategy may be better; From the perspective of individual profit: the manufacturer's profit is maximized under the M strategy, while the retailer's profit is maximized under the R strategy.
[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1) Provides a systematic decision-making framework: This invention decomposes the complex channel selection problem into four clear steps: modeling, solving, comparison, and decision-making, providing enterprises with a complete and operable set of analytical tools.
[0033] 2) Enhanced scientific rigor and precision in decision-making: By introducing game theory and consumer behavior theory for quantitative analysis, this method can accurately reveal the inherent economic logic of different strategies, making decisions no longer dependent on intuition or experience, but based on data and models.
[0034] 3) Key influencing factors were identified: This invention identified and verified that [the key factors] are the core driving factors influencing channel strategy selection, guiding companies to focus market research and resource investment on the most critical consumer behavior characteristics.
[0035] 4) It achieves a trade-off between individual and system benefits: This method not only analyzes which strategies are most beneficial to individual manufacturers or retailers, but also provides the optimal solution from the perspective of total system profit, which helps companies make decisions that are conducive to the sustainable development of the entire supply chain while pursuing their own interests.
[0036] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description
[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain structure that simultaneously includes TON and TOR businesses; Figure 2 The diagram shows the consumer utility curve used to derive the demand function, divided into two cases: (a) new consumers and (b) replacement consumers. Figure 3 For numerical analysis, key parameters under each model and A schematic diagram of the common feasible region; Figure 4 In numerical analysis, new consumer demand follows and Trend chart of changes; Figure 5 In numerical analysis, the demand for trade-in (TON) varies. and Trend chart of changes; Figure 6 In numerical analysis, the demand for trade-in to replacement (TOR) varies. and Trend chart of changes; Figure 7 In the numerical analysis, the profits of each party vary with the acceptance of recycled products. Trend chart of changes; Figure 8 In numerical analysis, the acceptance of profit shifting by each party through distribution channels. Trend chart of changes; Figure 9 This is a comparison chart of the profits of various entities in the supply chain under different strategies in numerical analysis. Detailed Implementation
[0038] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.
[0039] Please see Figures 1-9 This embodiment provides an analysis and decision-making method for selecting dual-channel closed-loop supply chain channels where trade-in and re-exchange coexist, specifically including the following steps: Step S1: Build a multi-strategy dual-channel closed-loop supply chain.
[0040] This embodiment first defines a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain system consisting of a single dominant manufacturer M and a single retailer R, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, manufacturers sell new and recycled products through online direct sales channels (o) and traditional retail channels (d). Simultaneously, manufacturers recycle old products for remanufacturing by implementing TON and TOR operations.
[0041] The core of this step is to establish game models under three different recycling channel strategies: manufacturer direct sales channel strategy (M strategy), retailer channel strategy (R strategy), and dual-channel strategy (D strategy).
[0042] Model parameters and assumptions: To build the model, we first define the relevant parameters and decision variables: Decision variables: The wholesale price of a new product from the manufacturer to the retailer; The wholesale price of recycled products from manufacturers to retailers; For manufacturers' new product online direct sales prices; For manufacturers of recycled products, online direct sales prices; Manufacturer trade-in discounts (online); Transfer pricing for recycled old products; Retail price of new products for retailers (offline); Retail price of re-products for retailers (offline); Discounts for retailers (offline); Other parameters: Consumer acceptance of recycled products ); Product durability factor ( ); The residual value of a unit of used product ( ); To replace consumer acceptance of channel shifts ( ); Unit production cost for new products; Unit production cost of recycled products ( ); Consumers' willingness to pay for new products ); The proportion of new consumers in the offline market ( ); The proportion of new consumers in the online market ( ); For the manufacturer's profit; For retailer profits; This represents the total profit of the supply chain system.
[0043] The basic assumptions are as follows: (1) The unit production costs of new and recycled products are respectively ( Both have similar functions and quality, but the price of the new product is higher than that of the recycled product in the same channel (e.g., , ).
[0044] (2) Single-product, single-cycle decision-making. Consumers hold only one product at a time. Old products are homogeneous (with fixed residual value). Both used and recycled materials can be remanufactured, and one unit of used material produces one unit of recycled material (therefore, the output of recycled materials equals the amount of used materials recycled). The market is mature, and the supply of used materials is sufficient.
[0045] (3) The market is divided into online (online direct sales channels) and offline (traditional retail channels), each with a potential scale of 1. Each includes two types of consumers: new buyers and replacement buyers. New buyers have no old products and can directly purchase; replacement buyers have old products and can only participate in TON / TOR. The percentages of new consumers are calculated separately for offline and online channels.
[0046] (4) Consumers' willingness to pay for new products (1 represents the highest valuation). Willingness to pay for recycled products is... , Acceptability of recycled products.
[0047] (5) Set the valuation of the old products already held by the replacement consumer as... , here This refers to the product's durability rating. Manufacturers should not offer trade-in prices to consumers through online direct sales channels. Retailers will also offer trade-in prices to consumers through traditional retail channels. .
[0048] (6) There is a Stackelberg game relationship between manufacturers and retailers. In this game, manufacturers play the dominant role, while retailers are the followers; both are rational, risk-neutral, and information-symmetric profit-maximizing entities.
[0049] (7) When replacement consumers have not engaged in TON / TOR business through their preferred channels and subsequently participate in such business activities across channels, they often consider switching to another channel to participate in the replacement operation. At this time, they have a certain acceptance of purchasing through another channel. Under the M strategy, after consumers from the original offline market migrate to the online market, their willingness to pay for new products (remanufacturing) adjusts to... ( Under the R strategy, the same applies to consumers who originally visited the online market and then migrated to the offline market.
[0050] Step S2: Construct a multi-strategy game model and solve it.
[0051] First, based on the principle of maximizing net consumer utility, we derive demand functions for new and replacement consumers across different channels for new and recycled products. This process fully considers consumers' perceived value of recycled products (derived from acceptance). (reflected) and the ease of transfer between different channels (as reflected in acceptance) (This is reflected in the following). Secondly, based on the derived demand function, profit functions are constructed for manufacturers and retailers under the three strategies. Finally, using backward induction, starting from the retailer's optimal response decision, the solution is reversed to the manufacturer's optimal decision, thereby obtaining the equilibrium price, quantity demanded, and profit value under each strategy.
[0052] 1) Construction of the demand function Based on the net utility theory of consumers, by comparing the utility of consumers purchasing new / recycled goods, participating in tonnage (TON / TOR), or not purchasing, the demand functions for each market are derived. For example... Figure 2 As shown, consumer groups can be segmented by identifying the indifference points between different purchasing decisions.
[0053] Taking new consumers in traditional retail channels (d) as an example, the derivation process of their demand function is as follows: First, analyze the needs of new consumers. By comparing the utility of consumers purchasing new products, recycled products, or not purchasing, three willingness-to-pay thresholds can be obtained: (The point of no difference between purchasing recycled products and not purchasing them). (The indifference between buying a new product and not buying it), and (The point of indifference between purchasing new products and recycled products). To ensure the existence of demand for purchasing new and recycled products (e.g.) Figure 2 As shown in (a), a threshold condition must exist. Combining this with its function expression, we can obtain: At this time, new consumers have a demand for new products. Derived from willingness to pay The demand for recycled products among this group Source The group specifically includes:
[0054]
[0055] Secondly, analyze the replacement demand (percentage) of replacement consumers. By comparing the utilities of TON, TOR, and no substitution, three thresholds can also be obtained: (The indifference point between TOR and non-displacement). (The indifference point between TON and non-substitution), and (The indifference point between TON and TOR). To ensure the existence of TON and TOR requirements (e.g.) Figure 2 As shown in (b), a threshold condition must exist. Combining this with its function expression, we can obtain: The specific requirement at this point is:
[0056]
[0057] For channel shift and replacement needs (e.g., under the R strategy, the replacement need to shift from online direct sales channels to traditional retail channels, where consumers originate from the online market and account for a certain percentage), The analysis process is the same as for normal replacement requirements. The assumptions at this point are: The demand function after channel transfer:
[0058]
[0059] Demand functions for online direct sales channels ( ) and the corresponding channel transfer and replacement needs ( (This occurs under the M strategy) can be deduced similarly, only requiring the adjustment of specific parameters of traditional retail channels (such as...) Replace ) with parameters for online direct sales channels (e.g.) ).
[0060] 2) Construction of the profit function Based on the demand function described above, profit functions are constructed for manufacturers and retailers under the three strategies of D, M, and R, respectively.
[0061] For example, under strategy D, the profit functions for manufacturers and retailers are as follows:
[0062]
[0063] Under the M strategy, retailers do not participate in recycling, and their profit function changes. At the same time, manufacturers' profit function is also adjusted because they need to handle all recycling operations.
[0064]
[0065] Under strategy R, the manufacturer does not directly recycle, and its profit function and the retailer's profit function are adjusted accordingly:
[0066]
[0067] 3) Model Solving The above model is solved using backward induction. Taking strategy D as an example, first, the first partial derivative of the retailer's profit function with respect to its decision variables is calculated and set to zero, yielding the retailer's optimal reaction function. Then, this reaction function is substituted into the manufacturer's profit function, and the first partial derivative of the manufacturer's profit function with respect to its decision variables is calculated and set to zero, yielding the manufacturer's optimal decision. Finally, the manufacturer's optimal decision is substituted back into the retailer's reaction function to obtain the retailer's optimal decision. The solution process for strategies M and R is similar.
[0068] The equilibrium prices and equilibrium demands obtained from the solutions for each model are summarized in Tables 1 and 2 below.
[0069] Table 1 Equilibrium Prices of Each Model
[0070] Table 2 Equilibrium Requirements for Each Model
[0071] in, , , , , , , , , ,and , , , , “ "This indicates that the content does not exist."
[0072] Step S3: Performance comparison analysis.
[0073] A comprehensive cross-sectional comparison is conducted on the equilibrium results obtained in step S2. The incentive effects of different strategies on the pricing behavior of various parties in the supply chain, and the resulting shifts in market demand across different channels and products, are analyzed. The profit levels of manufacturers, retailers, and the entire supply chain system under the three strategies are compared in detail, identifying potential conflicts between individual optima and system optima. The following important patterns can be derived: Impact of Pricing Strategies: Analysis shows that to incentivize recycling, the party with concentrated responsibility will adopt more aggressive pricing strategies. Under the M strategy, manufacturers will lower online prices for new products and increase online recycling subsidies; under the R strategy, retailers will obtain lower wholesale prices from manufacturers and correspondingly lower offline retail prices and increase offline recycling subsidies. This reveals how recycling responsibility is transmitted through the supply chain via pricing mechanisms.
[0074] Impact of Demand Structure: Due to adjustments in prices and recycling subsidies, centralized recycling strategies (M and R) effectively stimulate TOR demand growth in their responsible channels, outperforming the D strategy of decentralized recycling across two channels. This indicates that centralized recycling has an advantage in promoting recycled products.
[0075] Step S4: Optimal strategy selection based on key parameters.
[0076] Integrate channel selection decisions with two core market parameters—consumer acceptance of recycled products (COP). ) and acceptance of channel shift ( These parameters are closely linked. By analyzing the impact of these parameters on the profits of each party, clear decision-making rules can be ultimately formed. For example, research shows that the selection of the optimal strategy for the system is highly dependent on... The value of: when When the value is low, strategy D is better; conversely, when the value is high, strategy D is better. At higher levels, the M strategy may prevail due to its centralization advantage.
[0077] Numerical analysis is used to further verify theoretical findings and provide intuitive evidence for decision-making. A set of baseline parameters is set, and... Figure 3 Within the feasible region shown, analyze the key parameters. and The impact.
[0078] Parameter Influence Analysis: To further explore the influence mechanism of the core parameters, the baseline parameters were set as follows:
[0079] like Figure 7 As shown, regardless of the strategy, the profits of manufacturers, retailers, and the system all increase with the acceptance of recycled products. This increases as the market's acceptance of recycled products rises. This indicates that enhancing market acceptance of recycled products is a universally beneficial strategy.
[0080] like Figure 8 As shown, acceptance of channel shift The impact on the profit of strategy D is minimal, but it has a significant positive impact on the profits of strategies M and R. Because... The higher the value, the stronger the M or R strategy's ability to attract consumers across channels, and the more pronounced the scale effect of its centralized recycling becomes.
[0081] Optimal strategy decision rule: Individual optimality: such as Figure 9As shown, from an individual perspective, manufacturers always profit the most under the M strategy, while retailers always profit the most under the R strategy. This is because they have the greatest pricing and operational autonomy under their respective advantageous strategies.
[0082] System Optimization: From the perspective of the total profit of the supply chain system, the choices become more complex. Figure 9 The decision-making rule is clearly revealed: the systemic benefit of strategy R is usually the lowest. The merits of strategies D and M depend on... The value of . When When the threshold is low, it means there are significant barriers to channel switching and a severe loss of consumer utility. In this case, Strategy D (allowing consumers to switch to their preferred channel without switching losses) yields a higher total system profit. When the value is high, it means that channel transfer is convenient. The efficiency improvement brought about by the centralized operation of the M strategy (such as the reduction of coordination costs) may outweigh the negative impact of channel transfer, thus making its total system profit surpass that of the D strategy.
[0083] In summary, this invention, through the aforementioned steps, provides enterprises with a method for channel selection that ranges from model building and quantitative analysis to the formation of a clear strategy. Enterprises can then tailor their approach based on their understanding of the market. The value judgment is used to make a choice between the D strategy and the M strategy that is beneficial to the overall system benefits.
[0084] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. An analysis and decision-making method for channel selection in a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain, characterized in that, The method specifically includes the following steps: S1: Multiple strategies for building a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain; The dual-channel closed-loop supply chain includes a leading manufacturer as the game leader and a single retailer as a follower; the multiple strategies include the following three parallel business channel strategies: Manufacturer direct sales channel strategy, abbreviated as M strategy: the manufacturer provides TON and TOR recycling services only through its online direct sales channel; where TON represents trade-in and TOR represents re-trade-in; Retailer channel strategy, abbreviated as R strategy: the manufacturer entrusts a single retailer to provide TON and TOR recycling services only through its traditional retail channels; Dual-channel strategy, abbreviated as D strategy: the manufacturer provides TON and TOR recycling services jointly through its online direct sales channel and the entrusted retailer through traditional retail channels; S2: Construct a multi-strategy game model and solve it; The construction of a multi-strategy game model includes: First, based on the principle of maximizing consumer net utility, deriving the demand functions for new and replacement consumers under different channels for new and replacement products; Second, based on the demand functions, constructing profit functions for manufacturers and retailers under three strategies. Finally, the model is solved by backward induction, starting from the retailer's optimal response decision and working backward to the manufacturer's optimal decision, in order to obtain the equilibrium decisions of the manufacturer and retailer under each strategy. S3: Based on the equilibrium decision obtained in step S2, calculate and compare the sales demand for new products and recycled products, the replacement demand for TON and TOR, and the total profit performance of manufacturers, retailers and supply chain systems under the three strategies for each channel. S4: Based on the comparative analysis results of step S3, and combined with the preset or calculated key market parameters, namely consumer acceptance of recycled products and consumer acceptance of channel shifts, select the optimal business channel strategy for the manufacturer.
2. The analysis and decision-making method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the consumer's net utility in the derived demand function depends on the consumer's willingness to pay for the product, the actual price paid, the perceived value of holding the old product, and the replacement discount obtained.
3. The analysis and decision-making method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, in deriving the demand function, the consumer's willingness to pay for recycled products is a combination of their willingness to pay for new products and their acceptance of recycled products. The product of the product; under the M and R strategies, consumers who need to participate in the replacement across channels have their willingness to pay for new or recycled products multiplied by their channel switching acceptance. Adjustments were made, including .
4. The analysis and decision-making method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2, the derivation process of the demand function under traditional retail channels is as follows: First, let's analyze the needs of new consumers, expressed as: in, This represents the demand for new products from new consumers in traditional retail channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from new consumers in traditional retail channels. , For retailers' new product retail prices, Retail price of reprocessed goods for retailers; The proportion of new consumers in the offline market. ; This refers to consumers' willingness to pay for new products; Secondly, let's analyze the replacement demand of replacement consumers, expressed as: in, This replaces consumer demand for new products in traditional retail channels. This replaces consumer demand for recycled products in traditional retail channels; , Discounts for retailers For product durability factor, ; For channel transfer and replacement needs, under strategy R, the analysis process is the same as for normal replacement needs, and the assumptions are as follows: The demand function after channel transfer: in, This refers to replacing the demand for new products from consumers who have switched channels in traditional retail channels. This refers to replacing the demand for recycled products from consumers who have shifted their spending through traditional retail channels. In order to replace consumer acceptance of channel shifts, ; Under strategy M, the various demand functions of the online direct sales channel and the corresponding channel transfer and replacement needs Similarly, it can be deduced that only specific parameters of traditional retail channels need to be considered. Replace with parameters for online direct sales channels ,in, This refers to the demand for new products from new consumers in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from new consumers in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for new products from consumers replacing their old ones in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from consumers in online direct sales channels. This refers to the demand for new products shifted by replacement consumers in online direct sales channels. This refers to the demand for recycled products transferred by replacement consumers in online direct sales channels. For manufacturers' new product online direct sales prices, For manufacturers of recycled products, online direct sales prices. Discounts for manufacturers The proportion of new consumers in the online market. .
5. The analysis and decision-making method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the manufacturer's profit function consists of direct sales revenue from new and recycled products, wholesale revenue, and remanufacturing cost savings from recycling old products, minus production costs, replacement discounts paid to consumers, and recycling transfer payments paid to retailers; the retailer's profit function consists of retail revenue from new and recycled products and recycling transfer payments received from the manufacturer, minus product wholesale costs and replacement discounts paid to consumers.
6. The analysis and decision-making method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, under strategy D, the profit functions for the manufacturer and the retailer are respectively: in, For the manufacturer's profit under strategy D, Retailer profits under Strategy D; This refers to the wholesale price of new products from manufacturers to retailers. The wholesale price of recycled products from manufacturers to retailers; The unit production cost of the new product The unit production cost of recycled products. ; The residual value of a unit of used product recycling ; For manufacturers' new product online direct sales prices, For manufacturers of recycled products, online direct sales prices. Transfer pricing for old product recycling For retailers' new product retail prices, Retail price of reprocessed goods for retailers; Discounts for manufacturers Discounts are offered to retailers; This represents the demand for new products from new consumers in traditional retail channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from new consumers in traditional retail channels. This refers to the demand for new products from new consumers in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from new consumers in online direct sales channels. This replaces consumer demand for new products in traditional retail channels. This replaces consumer demand for recycled products in traditional retail channels. This represents the demand for new products from consumers replacing their old ones in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from replacement consumers in online direct sales channels.
7. The analysis and decision-making method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, under strategy M, the profit functions for the manufacturer and retailer are respectively: in, For the manufacturer's profit under strategy M, Retailer profits under strategy M; This refers to the wholesale price of new products from manufacturers to retailers. The wholesale price of recycled products from manufacturers to retailers; The unit production cost of the new product The unit production cost of recycled products. ; The residual value of a unit of used product recycling ; For manufacturers' new product online direct sales prices, For manufacturers of recycled products, online direct sales prices. For retailers' new product retail prices, Retail price of reprocessed goods for retailers; Manufacturer replacement discount; This represents the demand for new products from new consumers in traditional retail channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from new consumers in traditional retail channels. This refers to the demand for new products from new consumers in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from new consumers in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for new products from consumers replacing their old ones in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from consumers in online direct sales channels. This refers to replacing the demand for new products from consumers who have switched channels in traditional retail channels. This refers to the demand for recycled products from consumers who have shifted their focus through traditional retail channels.
8. The analysis and decision-making method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, under strategy R, the profit functions for the manufacturer and retailer are respectively: in, For the manufacturer's profit under strategy R, Retailer profits under strategy R; This refers to the wholesale price of new products from manufacturers to retailers. The wholesale price of recycled products from manufacturers to retailers; The unit production cost of the new product The unit production cost of recycled products. ; The residual value of a unit of used product recycling ; For manufacturers' new product online direct sales prices, For manufacturers of recycled products, online direct sales prices. Transfer pricing for old product recycling For retailers' new product retail prices, Retail price of reprocessed goods for retailers; Discounts for manufacturers Discounts are offered to retailers; This represents the demand for new products from new consumers in traditional retail channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from new consumers in traditional retail channels. This refers to the demand for new products from new consumers in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from new consumers in online direct sales channels. This replaces consumer demand for new products in traditional retail channels. This replaces consumer demand for recycled products in traditional retail channels. This represents the demand for new products from consumers replacing their old ones in online direct sales channels. This represents the demand for recycled products from replacement consumers in online direct sales channels.
9. The analysis and decision-making method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the comparative analysis specifically includes: In terms of price: compared to the D strategy, under the M strategy, manufacturers will lower direct sales prices and increase online trade-in discounts; under the R strategy, manufacturers will lower wholesale prices, and retailers will lower retail prices and increase offline trade-in discounts; In terms of demand: compared to the D strategy, the M and R strategies can significantly increase TOR demand in their respective advantageous channels through stronger buyback incentives.
10. The analysis and decision-making method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the optimal business channel strategy selection is based on the following criteria: From the perspective of total supply chain system profit: when consumer acceptance of channel switching is low, strategy D is the optimal choice; when consumer acceptance of channel switching is high, strategy M may have better system profit. From the perspective of individual profit: manufacturers' profits are maximized under strategy M, while retailers' profits are maximized under strategy R.