Smart hospital management system giving consideration to medical waste and energy consumption verification based on block chain

Abstract

The invention relates to a smart hospital management system giving consideration to medical waste and energy consumption verification based on a block chain, and the system comprises a collection layer, an edge calculation layer, a block chain bottom layer, an application layer, and a user layer, and achieves the credible cooperative management of medical waste processing and energy consumption data through the fusion of a multi-level block chain technology. The cross-institution cooperation efficiency is improved by using an improved consensus algorithm, sensitive information security is ensured in combination with a privacy protection technology, hospital waste management transparency and energy use compliance are significantly improved, and intelligent support is provided for green medical treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of blockchain technology, and in particular to the construction of a smart hospital management system based on blockchain that takes into account both medical waste and energy consumption verification. Background Technology

[0002] Medical waste management (HWM) has become a significant issue in the fields of environment, green healthcare, and health. With the continuous increase in global waste production, effective management of hospital waste has become crucial for protecting human civilization from the threat of man-made waste. Hospital waste management faces increasing challenges, involving not only environmental issues but also economic and human health concerns. Due to population growth and the increase in human waste production, waste management has become complex and challenging. In recent years, technological advancements such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and blockchain have played a vital role in addressing environmental challenges. Blockchain technology, as a distributed ledger technology, features decentralization, transparency, and immutability through its members recording and sharing transaction records. These characteristics make blockchain technology potentially valuable in hospital waste management and energy efficiency verification, providing a secure, reliable, and efficient data management method, thereby improving the transparency and accountability of waste management. It also effectively ensures that hospital energy use complies with national and local energy conservation requirements, promoting the rational use of energy and sustainable development.

[0003] Therefore, how to build a suitable smart hospital management platform based on blockchain that takes into account both medical waste and energy consumption verification is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention overcomes the shortcomings of the above-mentioned technologies and provides a smart hospital management system based on blockchain that integrates medical waste and energy consumption verification. It constructs a smart hospital management platform based on blockchain that integrates medical waste and energy consumption verification, aiming to improve the efficiency and transparency of medical waste treatment and medical energy consumption management.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A smart hospital management system based on blockchain that integrates medical waste and energy consumption verification includes: Data Acquisition Layer: Real-time data acquisition of medical waste generation, collection, transportation, and processing, as well as hospital energy consumption data, is collected through IoT devices, including smart trash cans, smart meters, and multimodal sensors; Edge computing layer: performs real-time processing and analysis of collected data; The underlying blockchain architecture adopts a consortium blockchain structure, which includes a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, an incentive layer, and a contract layer. The data layer uses asymmetric encryption technology to encrypt and store data. Application layer: Integrate the full-process traceability system for medical waste, hospital energy consumption management system, and emergency command and decision-making system; User layer: Provide multi-role interaction interfaces and data query and traceability functions.

[0006] Preferably, the asymmetric encryption technology of the data layer as described above includes: Key generation step: Select elliptic curve parameters y² = x³ + ax + b mod p , randomly generate a private key 1 < d < n - 1, and calculate the public key Q = d × G mod p ; Data signature step: Randomly select a temporary key k that satisfies 1 ≤ k ≤ n - 1, calculate the point P(x, y) = k × G, the signature r value is x1 mod n, and s = k -1 (H(m) + dr) mod n, where H(m) is the hash value of the message, d is the private key, and r is part of the signature, ensuring that each signature is unique and unpredictable; Signature verification step: When verifying the signature, calculate u1 = s -1 H(m) mod n and u2 = s -1 r mod n, and further calculate X = u1G + u2Q mod p , if the x coordinate of X is equal to the signature r value, the signature verification is successful.

[0007] Preferably, the network layer as described above adopts a multi-protocol fusion architecture: Implement node discovery and topology maintenance based on the distributed hash table protocol; Adopt a multi-hop broadcast strategy with lifetime control for high-priority data; Verify data hash consistency through a lightweight data verification evidence mechanism.

[0008] Preferably, the consensus layer as described above adopts an improved practical Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm: The block proposal is initiated by verification nodes with medical qualifications; Aggregate the voting results through threshold signatures and dynamically adjust the node voting rights; Adopt an atomic swap protocol to synchronize the states of the main chain and regional sub-chains.

[0009] Preferably, the incentive layer as described above includes: Dual-token model: The governance token is used for node governance behaviors, and the service token is used for medical waste treatment settlement; Data contribution reward formula: E = a × W + β × log(1 + A / W), where W is the waste weight and A is the classification accuracy rate; Automatic penalty mechanism: Trigger account freezing and regulatory chain auditing when data tampering is detected.

[0010] Preferably, the contract layer as described above includes: Medical waste smart contract module: Define the temperature threshold for transporting infectious waste and automatically trigger the emergency response process; Energy consumption management contract module: Integrate a reinforcement learning model to dynamically adjust the energy consumption quota of departments; Privacy protection contract module: Adopt zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive proof technology to achieve verifiable waste weight and privacy protection of patient information.

[0011] Preferably, the medical waste full-process traceability system described above: uses radio frequency tags and ultra-wideband positioning technology to construct a digital twin model that integrates multimodal data; and achieves cross-institutional data isolation and sharing through enterprise-level blockchain platform channel technology.

[0012] Preferably, the hospital energy management system described above includes: deploying a long short-term memory backpropagation neural network to predict time-of-use energy load and quantify energy-saving effects; and establishing an energy consumption digital twin to map the real-time operating status of departmental equipment.

[0013] Preferably, the emergency command and decision-making system described above includes: a multi-agent simulation engine to simulate a medical waste leakage and diffusion scenario; and an augmented reality command interface to overlay and process personnel vital sign data in real time.

[0014] Preferably, as described above, the user layer integrates: a natural language processing engine parses medical order text and associates it with waste sorting codes; a knowledge graph reasoning module detects illegal operation patterns; and an augmented reality visualization interface scans medical waste bags to display blockchain-based evidence.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. As a distributed ledger technology, blockchain technology features decentralization, transparency, and immutability through its members recording and sharing transaction records. These characteristics make blockchain technology potentially valuable in hospital waste management and energy efficiency verification. It can provide a secure, reliable, and efficient data management method, thereby improving the transparency and accountability of waste management and effectively ensuring that the hospital's energy use meets national and local energy conservation requirements, promoting the rational use of energy and sustainable development. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the smart hospital management system of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the underlying structure of the blockchain of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following examples further illustrate the features of the present invention and other related features in detail, so as to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0019] In this embodiment, it should be understood that the terms "middle," "upper," "lower," "top," "right side," "left end," "above," "back," "center," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0020] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the present invention provides a smart hospital management system based on blockchain that integrates medical waste and energy consumption verification, comprising: Data Acquisition Layer: Real-time data collection is achieved through IoT devices (such as smart trash cans and sensors) of the generation, collection, transportation, and treatment of medical waste. Simultaneously, smart meters and smart water meters are used to collect energy consumption data for the hospital, including the usage of electricity, water, and gas.

[0021] Edge Computing Layer: In a blockchain-supported hospital waste management system, the edge computing layer is primarily responsible for real-time processing and analysis at the data generation point. This reduces data transmission latency, decreases reliance on a central data center, and improves the overall system's security and efficiency. By processing data on edge devices, this layer helps to quickly respond to waste management needs, optimize network bandwidth usage, and provide pre-processed data for subsequent cloud analytics and blockchain records.

[0022] The underlying blockchain architecture employs a consortium blockchain structure, adding hospitals, medical waste disposal companies, and regulatory authorities as nodes to the blockchain network. Utilizing blockchain's distributed ledger technology, it ensures the immutability and traceability of data. The complete underlying blockchain structure includes: 1. Data Layer: The collected underlying data is encapsulated. To ensure the immutability of the data, asymmetric encryption technology is used, and an ordered chain-like data block structure based on blocks is introduced. The underlying data is encapsulated into data blocks, and methods such as hash functions are used to store the data through a chain structure with the head and tail connected.

[0023] Preferably, the asymmetric encryption technology includes key generation, data signing, and signature verification: The key generation process involves generating a pair of asymmetric encryption keys at each edge node during initialization, selecting the elliptic curve parameter y. 2 =x 3 +ax+b mod p ,in p It is a prime number; Furthermore, randomly select an integer d (private key) that satisfies 1≤d≤n−1, where n is the order of the base point G of the elliptic curve; Next, generate the public key and calculate the public key Q = d × G mod. p , where G is the base point of the elliptic curve.

[0024] The data signature is performed on the data hash value after the edge node processes the local data; Preferably, a secure hash algorithm 1 is used to generate the hash value H of the data; Furthermore, a temporary key k is randomly selected, satisfying 1≤k≤n−1, and the point P(x,y)=k×G is calculated, with the signature r value being x1 mod n; Furthermore, the value of s is calculated using the following formula: s=k -1 (H(m)+dr) mod n, where H(m) is the hash value of the message, d is the private key, and r is part of the signature, ensuring that each signature is unique and unpredictable; Furthermore, when verifying the signature, u1=s is calculated. -1 H(m) mod n and u2=s -1 r mod n, further calculation X = u1G + u2Q mod n p If the x-coordinate of X equals the r-value of the signature, then the signature verification is successful.

[0025] 2. Network Layer: As the communication infrastructure of the blockchain system, it undertakes the functions of data routing, propagation, and synchronization between decentralized nodes. Its core objective is to maintain the global consistency of the distributed ledger and eliminate the risk of single points of failure. In the smart hospital management platform, the network layer adopts a hybrid architecture design that integrates multiple protocols. The network layer adopts a hybrid architecture design that integrates multiple protocols. Based on the distributed hash table protocol, the distributed hash table enables dynamic node discovery and topology maintenance, supports autonomous networking of IoT devices within the hospital (such as intelligent medical waste recycling devices and energy consumption monitoring sensors), and ensures network resilience and anti-partitioning capabilities. Preferably, for high-priority data such as medical waste disposal records and abnormal energy consumption alarms, a multi-hop broadcast strategy with lifecycle control is adopted to achieve low-latency dissemination of key information; Furthermore, propagation groups are divided according to data types (such as infectious waste tracking and operating room energy consumption curves), and bandwidth utilization is optimized through probabilistic forwarding to reduce redundant traffic; Furthermore, a lightweight data integrity proof mechanism is introduced, whereby edge nodes perform hash consistency verification before forwarding data, blocking the propagation of invalid or tampered data. 3. Consensus Layer: The consensus layer is the core algorithm engine that ensures the consistency of the distributed node states. Its design needs to balance the multiple requirements of medical scenarios for real-time response, audit traceability and energy efficiency. The consensus layer adopts a layered consensus architecture based on an improved practical Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm, which is suitable for hospital consortium blockchain environments. Preferably, the block proposal is initiated by a verification node with medical qualifications (such as a top-tier hospital or an environmental protection agency); Furthermore, threshold signatures are used to aggregate voting results, reducing communication complexity, and node voting rights are dynamically adjusted based on historical data quality (such as waste disposal compliance rate and energy consumption report accuracy). Furthermore, bidirectional anchoring between the main chain and regional sub-chains is achieved through atomic swaps, ensuring global consistency in the transfer of medical waste across hospital campuses.

[0026] 4. Incentive Layer: The incentive layer constructs a sustainable ecosystem through game theory models and token economic design, employing a dual-token model as well as positive incentive and negative penalty designs.

[0027] The dual-token model includes a governance token and a service token. The governance token is used for governance activities such as node election and parameter voting, and is issued periodically based on contributions (such as the number of verified blocks and data accuracy). The service token serves as the basic unit for medical waste disposal settlement and energy consumption quota trading, and supports fiat-pegged stablecoin exchange. The positive incentive design includes data contribution rewards and green energy consumption subsidies. Edge devices that upload valid medical waste weight data can receive electronic token rewards. The reward formula is: R=a×W+β×log(1+A / W), where W is the waste weight, A is the classification accuracy, and a and β are dynamic adjustment coefficients. The negative penalty mechanism, if medical waste data is falsified, will trigger a smart contract to automatically freeze the account of the responsible party and send an audit request to the regulatory chain; 5. Contract Layer: The contract layer uses a formally verified smart contract system to automate the execution of business logic and enable cross-system interoperability, including core contract modules and a privacy protection framework; The core contract module defines the packaging standards and transportation temperature thresholds for infectious waste, and automatically triggers emergency response procedures for abnormal states (such as failure to process within time limit). Preferably, the departmental energy consumption quota is dynamically adjusted based on a reinforcement learning model, and the industrial communication protocol is integrated to interact with the hospital building management system in real time. The privacy protection design employs zero-knowledge concise non-interactive proof technology to achieve "verifiable garbage weight" while "invisible associated patient information," supporting multi-hospital collaborative modeling, and ensuring that the original data does not leave the domain; Application Layer: The application layer encapsulates vertical scenario solutions through a microservice architecture, provides standardized application programming interfaces, and enables full-process traceability of medical waste, intelligent management of hospital energy consumption, and emergency command and decision-making. The entire process of medical waste traceability is implemented by constructing a digital twin model, supporting the fusion of multimodal data from RFID tags and ultra-wideband positioning, and combining enterprise-level blockchain platform channel technology to achieve data isolation and sharing across institutions (hospitals-transportation companies-incineration plants); The hospital's intelligent energy management system deploys a long short-term memory backpropagation neural network to predict time-of-use energy load and quantify energy-saving effects. The emergency command and decision-making system utilizes multi-agent simulation to simulate a large-scale medical waste leakage scenario, outputs the optimal disposal path, supports an augmented reality visualization command interface, and overlays and processes personnel vital sign data in real time. User Layer: Develop interfaces for different users, such as hospital administrators, regulatory departments, and medical waste disposal companies. Provide functions such as data query, data traceability, analysis, and report generation to facilitate users' real-time monitoring and management of medical waste recycling, processing, and energy consumption. The user layer, through multi-dimensional human-computer interaction design, meets the differentiated needs of heterogeneous roles, provides customized dashboards for data visualization tools for hospital decision-makers, supports cost correlation analysis of disease diagnosis-related groups, and integrates augmented reality recognition function to automatically retrieve disposal records by scanning medical waste bags. Preferably, a natural language processing engine is used to parse unstructured medical orders, automatically associate them with garbage classification codes, and infer violation patterns through knowledge graphs.

[0028] This invention provides a smart hospital management system based on blockchain that integrates medical waste and energy consumption verification. The specific implementation steps are as follows: Step 1: Data Acquisition and Edge Computing; The smart trash can uses built-in RFID tags to record the time, type, and weight of infectious waste (e.g., "ID-20250520-Operating Room-Infectious-5kg"), and uploads this information to the edge node in real time.

[0029] The system uses smart meters to collect hourly electricity consumption data for each department (e.g., "Emergency Department: 14:00-15:00, 85kWh"), and transmits the data to the edge gateway via a protocol.

[0030] Missing sensor data is filled in using forward imputation, abnormal energy consumption values ​​(such as a single sudden increase of 300%) are marked as pending review, and temperature and humidity data are processed through standardization.

[0031] Step 2: Blockchain data storage; Select the elliptic curve parameter y 2 =x 3 +2x+3mod 17, generate private key d=7, public key Q=7×Gmod 17 (base point G=(5,1)); For the medical waste weight data W=8kg, calculate the hash value H(m)=0x9b3a using secure hash algorithm 1. Randomly select a temporary key k=3 to generate a signature: r=(3×G).xmod 23=2, s=3−1(H(m)+7×2)mod 23=15 The signature data is encapsulated into the block body, generating the block hash value Hash=Sha256(PrevHash||Timestamp||Data).

[0032] Step 3: Consensus verification and incentive allocation; A block proposal containing "medical waste transportation record from May 20, 2025" was initiated by a node from a top-tier hospital. Calculate the node weight: Weighti = 0.6 × Bt + 0.4 × Ct = 0.6 × 30 + 0.4 × 95 = 18 + 38 = 56 (where Bt = 30 is the number of historically verified correct blocks, and Ct = 95% is the compliance rate); After collecting signatures from more than 2 / 3 of the nodes, the block is written to the main chain; A department uploaded waste data with W=50kg and classification accuracy A=98%, and received a service token reward: R=0.5×50+0.2×log(1+0.98 / 50)=25+0.2×log(1.0196)=25.04.

[0033] Step 4: Smart contract execution; When the temperature sensor reports T=26℃ (exceeding the threshold T) max When the temperature reaches 25℃, the smart contract is triggered to: freeze the transportation batch data and generate an audit event "Alert_20250520_003"; call the on-chain geofence data to match the nearest available processing vehicle (coordinates (116.403, 39.904)); and send an equipment shutdown command to the hospital building management system through the industrial communication protocol. The long short-term memory backpropagation model predicts that the operating room energy load for the next day will be 1300 kWh, and the dynamic quota limit is set to Qt = 1.1 × 1300 = 1430 kWh.

[0034] Step 5: Application layer decision output; Scan the RFID tag "ID-20250520-Laboratory-02" to display the transportation trajectory on the digital twin map: P(t) = 0.6 × RFID 时间戳 +0.4×UWB 坐标 It also grants encrypted data access permissions to transportation companies through an enterprise-level blockchain platform.

[0035] When the real-time power consumption of the laboratory department (Preal=92kW) exceeds the quota (Qt=90kW), the following actions are triggered: turn off unnecessary lighting equipment; push an alarm message "Department energy consumption exceeds limit: 102%" to the management personnel; generate a violation record and include it in the node credit score.

[0036] In this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0037] The above are merely typical embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the present invention may have many other specific implementations. All technical solutions formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart hospital management system based on blockchain that integrates medical waste and energy consumption verification, characterized in that, include: Data Acquisition Layer: Real-time data acquisition of medical waste generation, collection, transportation, and processing, as well as hospital energy consumption data, is collected through IoT devices, including smart trash cans, smart meters, and multimodal sensors; Edge computing layer: performs real-time processing and analysis of collected data; The underlying blockchain architecture adopts a consortium blockchain structure, which includes a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, an incentive layer, and a contract layer. The data layer uses asymmetric encryption technology to encrypt and store data. Application layer: Integrates a full-process traceability system for medical waste, a hospital energy consumption management system, and an emergency command and decision-making system; User layer: Provides multi-role interactive interfaces and data query and traceability functions.

2. The smart hospital management system based on blockchain that integrates medical waste and energy consumption verification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The asymmetric encryption technology of the data layer includes: Key generation step: Select elliptic curve parameters y² = x³ + ax + b mod p , randomly generate a private key 1 < d < n - 1, and calculate the public key Q = d×G mod p ; Data signature step: Randomly select a temporary key k, satisfying 1 ≤ k ≤ n−1, calculate the point P(x, y) = k×G, the signature r value is x1 mod n, s = k -1 (H(m) + dr) mod n, where H(m) is the hash value of the message, d is the private key, r is part of the signature, ensuring that each signature is unique and unpredictable; Signature verification step: When verifying the signature, calculate u1 = s -1 H(m) mod n and u2 = s -1 r mod n, and further calculate X = u1G + u2Q mod p , if the x coordinate of X is equal to the r value of the signature, the signature verification is successful.

3. The smart hospital management system based on blockchain that integrates medical waste and energy consumption verification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The network layer adopts a multi-protocol fusion architecture: node discovery and topology maintenance are achieved based on a distributed hash table protocol; a multi-hop broadcast strategy with lifecycle control is used for high-priority data; and data hash consistency is verified through a lightweight data verification evidence mechanism.

4. The smart hospital management system based on blockchain that integrates medical waste and energy consumption verification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The consensus layer employs an improved practical Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm: block proposals are initiated by validators with medical qualifications; voting results are aggregated through threshold signatures and node voting rights are dynamically adjusted; and atomic swap protocols are used to synchronize the main chain and regional sub-chain states.

5. The smart hospital management system based on blockchain that integrates medical waste and energy consumption verification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The incentive layer includes: a dual-token model: governance tokens are used for node governance behavior, and service tokens are used for medical waste disposal settlement; data contribution reward formula: E=a×W+β×log(1+A / W), where W is the weight of waste and A is the classification accuracy; automatic penalty mechanism: when data tampering is detected, account freezing and chain auditing are triggered.

6. The smart hospital management system based on blockchain that integrates medical waste and energy consumption verification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The contract layer includes: a medical waste smart contract module, which defines the temperature threshold for transporting infectious waste and automatically triggers the emergency response process; an energy management contract module, which integrates a reinforcement learning model to dynamically adjust the department's energy consumption quota; and a privacy protection contract module, which uses zero-knowledge concise non-interactive proof technology to make the waste weight verifiable and protect the privacy of patient information.

7. The smart hospital management system based on blockchain that integrates medical waste and energy consumption verification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The medical waste full-process traceability system: uses radio frequency tags and ultra-wideband positioning technology to construct a digital twin model that integrates multimodal data; and achieves cross-institutional data isolation and sharing through enterprise-level blockchain platform channel technology.

8. The smart hospital management system based on blockchain that integrates medical waste and energy consumption verification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hospital energy management system deploys a long short-term memory backpropagation neural network to predict time-of-use energy load and quantify energy-saving effects; it also establishes an energy consumption digital twin to map the real-time operating status of departmental equipment.

9. The smart hospital management system based on blockchain that integrates medical waste and energy consumption verification as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The emergency command and decision-making system includes: a multi-agent simulation engine to simulate medical waste leakage and diffusion scenarios; and an augmented reality command interface to overlay and process personnel vital sign data in real time.

10. The smart hospital management system based on blockchain that integrates medical waste and energy consumption verification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The user layer integration includes: a natural language processing engine that parses medical order text and associates it with garbage classification codes; The knowledge graph reasoning module detects illegal operation patterns; the augmented reality visualization interface scans medical waste bags to display blockchain-stored evidence information.

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