Change-over switch and high-voltage test device

Abstract

The invention provides a change-over switch and a high-voltage test device. The change-over switch comprises three change-over assemblies arranged at intervals, an outer shell, a high-voltage assembly and a grounding assembly, the conversion assembly comprises an operating handle, an insulating rod, a first connecting rod, a conversion contact structure and a second connecting rod; the second connecting rods of the three conversion assemblies are correspondingly connected with three phases of the to-be-detected switch respectively; the conversion contact structure is arranged on the first connecting rod; wherein the operating handle drives the insulating rod, the first connecting rod and the switching contact structure to rotate, so that the connecting end of the switching contact structure is electrically connected with the high-voltage assembly or the grounding assembly; the connecting end can elastically stretch out and draw back in the axial direction of the conversion contact structure. The connecting end is rotatably arranged so as to reduce contact friction with the high-voltage assembly or the grounding assembly. The problems that a change-over switch in the prior art is low in test efficiency and poor in safety, and moving and static contacts are prone to abrasion are solved, and the change-over switch is suitable for large-scale application and popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-voltage electrical testing technology, and more specifically, to a changeover switch and a high-voltage testing device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, three-phase common-enclosure GIS (Gas Insulated Switchgear) is a key piece of equipment in power systems, primarily used for switching, isolation, and protection in the transmission and distribution processes of high-voltage power systems. Compared to existing compartment-type GIS, three-phase common-enclosure GIS integrates the conductors of phases A, B, and C within a single metal housing, using SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) gas as the insulating medium, instead of air or oil. This design significantly reduces the equipment's footprint, improves system compactness and reliability, and also lowers manufacturing costs and installation complexity. GIS equipment undergoes withstand voltage testing before leaving the factory to ensure its insulation performance meets standard requirements, preventing potentially defective equipment from being put into operation.

[0003] For withstand voltage tests of three-phase common-enclosure GIS equipment, each phase typically requires a separate high-voltage test. This process involves extensive manual operations, including the disassembly and reconnection of test leads. Specifically, in existing technologies, operators must directly contact the high-voltage leads during phase switching of the transfer switch. This is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also poses a risk of electric shock and increases the possibility of human error in wiring. Furthermore, due to the direct contact between the moving and stationary contacts of the transfer switch, the surface roughness and morphology of the contact materials (such as aluminum alloys and copper) at the microscale result in the generation of foreign matter such as metal shavings, metal powders, or metal particles during contact opening and closing. The movement and deposition of these foreign matter inside the transfer switch alters the electric field distribution, causing local electric field distortion. This threatens the insulation performance and operational safety of the transfer switch itself and affects the accuracy of partial discharge measurements during GIS withstand voltage tests.

[0004] Therefore, existing changeover switches suffer from low testing efficiency, poor safety, and easy wear of moving and stationary contacts. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a changeover switch and a high-voltage testing device to solve the problems of low testing efficiency, poor safety, and easy wear of moving and stationary contacts in existing changeover switches.

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, a changeover switch is provided, comprising: three spaced-apart changeover components, a housing, a high-voltage component, and a grounding component; the housing has an insulating cavity inside; at least a portion of the high-voltage component is disposed within the insulating cavity; the changeover component includes an operating handle, an insulating rod, a first connecting rod, a changeover contact structure, and a second connecting rod; the operating handle is disposed outside the housing and connected to one end of the insulating rod, the other end of the insulating rod is connected to one end of the first connecting rod, the other end of the first connecting rod is rotatably connected to one end of the second connecting rod, and the other end of the second connecting rod is connected to the switch to be detected. One phase of the switch is energized; the second connecting rod is fixedly installed; the second connecting rods of the three switching components are respectively connected to the three phases of the switch to be tested; the switching contact structure is installed on the first connecting rod; the connection end of the insulating rod and the first connecting rod, the first connecting rod, the switching contact structure and the second connecting rod are all located in the insulating cavity; wherein, the operating handle drives the insulating rod, the first connecting rod and the switching contact structure to rotate, so that the connection end of the switching contact structure is energized and connected to the high voltage component or the grounding component; the connection end can elastically extend and retract along the axial direction of the switching contact structure; the connection end can be rotatably installed to reduce contact friction with the high voltage component or the grounding component.

[0007] Furthermore, the changeover contact structure includes a guide sleeve, an elastic element, a main contact, and a rotating wheel; the guide sleeve is fixedly mounted on the first connecting rod, and the axial direction of the guide sleeve forms an angle with the axial direction of the first connecting rod; the guide sleeve has a guide cavity inside; one end of the main contact is movably mounted in the guide cavity and slides and limits its movement against the inner wall of the guide cavity, and the rotating wheel is rotatably mounted at the other end of the main contact; the elastic element is mounted in the guide cavity, one end of the elastic element abuts against the bottom wall of the guide cavity or the first connecting rod, and the other end abuts against the main contact to provide elastic force; the connecting end is located on the rotating wheel; wherein, the rotating wheel, the main contact, the first connecting rod, and the second connecting rod are electrically connected.

[0008] Furthermore, the changeover contact structure also includes an arc-shaped leaf spring, which is made of metal. The arc-shaped leaf spring is fixedly mounted on the main contact and is energized to the main contact. The outer arc surface of the arc-shaped leaf spring keeps in contact with the rotating wheel under its own elastic force to conduct electricity.

[0009] Furthermore, the changeover contact structure also includes a contact end cap, which is detachably mounted on the main contact by screws. The contact end cap is used to cover at least a portion of the arc-shaped leaf spring and the rotating wheel to protect at least a portion of the arc-shaped leaf spring and the rotating wheel; and / or, the arc-shaped leaf spring is detachably mounted on the main contact by screws, and the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped leaf spring is adjustable; and / or, the guide sleeve is made of insulating and wear-resistant material, the elastic element is a return spring, and the return spring is made of metal material; the axial direction of the guide sleeve is perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connecting rod.

[0010] Furthermore, the rotation direction of the rotating wheel is the same as or opposite to the rotation direction of the first connecting rod; the rotating wheel is a bearing structure, the inner ring of the bearing structure is set on the main contact, the outer ring of the bearing structure can rotate relative to the inner ring, and the outer ring of the bearing structure is used to abut against the high voltage component or the grounding component to conduct electricity; or, the changeover contact structure also includes a first rotating bearing, the inner ring of the first rotating bearing is set on the main contact, the outer ring of the first rotating bearing can rotate relative to the inner ring, and the rotating wheel is sleeved and fixed on the outer circumference of the outer ring to abut against the high voltage component or the grounding component to conduct electricity.

[0011] Furthermore, the guide cavity extends through the guide sleeve along its axial direction, and the end of the guide sleeve away from the rotating wheel is detachably connected to the first connecting rod by screws; the first connecting rod has a mating through hole, and the end of the main contact away from the rotating wheel is a limiting end, which extends out of the guide cavity and passes through the mating through hole, and the main contact slides and limits its engagement with the inner wall of the mating through hole; the changeover contact structure also includes a first limiting member, which is detachably connected to the limiting end by threads, and the first limiting member is used to constrain the movement distance of the limiting end along the axial direction of the guide sleeve. One end of the elastic element abuts against the first connecting rod; and / or, the central axis of the main contact is parallel or collinear with the central axis of the guide sleeve; the guide sleeve also has a limiting hole, which is connected to the guide cavity and the outside of the guide sleeve respectively; the central axis of the limiting hole and the central axis of the guide sleeve have an angle; the changeover contact structure also includes a second limiting element, one end of which extends into the limiting hole and is detachably connected to the main contact by a thread; the second limiting element is limited and engaged with the inner wall of the limiting hole to constrain the main contact to rotate along its central axis.

[0012] Furthermore, the insulating cavity is filled with insulating gas at a rated pressure for insulation; the grounding assembly includes three grounding protrusions spaced circumferentially along the outer casing, each corresponding to one of the three switching components; wherein the grounding protrusions are located within the insulating cavity and protrude radially toward the interior of the insulating cavity along the outer casing, and the outer periphery of the grounding protrusion has an arc-shaped surface for abutting against the connection end of the switching contact structure to ground the connection end; and / or, the high-voltage assembly includes a single-phase insulating basin and an intermediate conductor, the intermediate conductor being disposed within the insulating cavity, the intermediate conductor... One end of the body is connected to an external power source, and the other end of the intermediate conductor is located in the middle of the insulating cavity to contact and cooperate with the connection end; a single-phase insulating basin is set on the outer shell, and the single-phase insulating basin is made of insulating material to insulate the outer shell from the external power source; wherein, the end of the intermediate conductor that contacts the connection end has a V-groove, the V-groove extends circumferentially along the intermediate conductor, and is used to slide and limit the connection end; and / or, the conversion assembly also includes a limiting fixing member, which is adjustablely set on the outer shell and cooperates with the operating handle; the limiting fixing member is used to fix the operating handle to fix the conversion contact structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the central axis of the connection end between the second connecting rod and the first connecting rod is the first axis, and the central axis of the end of the second connecting rod that is energized with one phase of the switch to be tested is the second axis. The first axis and the second axis are arranged parallel to each other. The second connecting rod is a Z-shaped rod to increase its length within the insulation cavity. And / or, the switching assembly also includes a second rotary bearing, the outer ring of which is fixedly disposed at the end of the second connecting rod facing the first connecting rod, and the inner ring of which mates with the first connecting rod, allowing the inner and outer rings to rotate relative to each other. And / or, the switching switch also includes a three-phase insulating basin, which is fixedly disposed... The outer casing is sealed with an insulating cavity; the other end of the second connecting rod passes through the three-phase insulating basin and is energized to one phase of the switch to be tested; the three-phase insulating basin is made of insulating material to insulate the switch to be tested from the insulating cavity; and / or, the conversion assembly also includes a third rotary bearing and an insulating seal, the outer ring of the third rotary bearing is fixedly mounted on the outer casing, the inner ring of the third rotary bearing engages with the end of the insulating rod near the operating handle to support the insulating rod, and the inner and outer rings can rotate relative to each other; the insulating seal is located at the connection end between the operating handle and the insulating rod, and the insulating seal is used to seal the insulating cavity and insulate the outer casing from the operating handle.

[0014] Furthermore, the second connecting rods of the three switching components are respectively connected to phases A, B, and C of the switch under test; the switching switch has a first test condition, a second test condition, a third test condition, and a fourth test condition; in the first test condition, the switching contact structure of the switching component connected to phase A is connected to the high-voltage component, and the switching contact structures of the two switching components connected to phases B and C are respectively connected to the grounding component, and the housing is grounded. At this time, the insulation performance and partial discharge status of phase A of the switch under test relative to the grounding terminal, between phase A and phase B, and between phase A and phase C are tested; in the second test condition, the switching contact structure of the switching component connected to phase B is connected to the high-voltage component, and the switching contact structures of the two switching components connected to phases A and C are respectively connected to the grounding component, and the housing is grounded. At this stage, the insulation performance and partial discharge status of phase B of the switch under test relative to the grounding terminal, between phase B and phase A, and between phase B and phase C are tested. In the third test condition, the switching contact structure of the switching component connected to phase C is connected to the high-voltage component, and the switching contact structures of the two switching components connected to phases A and B are respectively connected to the grounding component. The housing is grounded. At this stage, the insulation performance and partial discharge status of phase C of the switch under test relative to the grounding terminal, between phase C and phase A, and between phase C and phase B are tested. In the fourth test condition, the switching contact structures of the three switching components connected to phases A, B, and C are all connected to the high-voltage component. The housing is grounded. At this stage, the insulation performance and partial discharge status of phase A of the switch under test relative to the grounding terminal, between phase B and the grounding terminal, and between phase C and the grounding terminal are tested.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, a high-voltage testing apparatus is provided, which includes the aforementioned changeover switch and a test power supply connected to a high-voltage component to provide high-voltage electricity.

[0016] According to the technical solution of this invention, a changeover switch is provided, comprising: three spaced-apart changeover components, a housing, a high-voltage component, and a grounding component; the housing has an insulating cavity inside; at least a portion of the high-voltage component is disposed within the insulating cavity; each changeover component includes an operating handle, an insulating rod, a first connecting rod, a changeover contact structure, and a second connecting rod; the operating handle is disposed outside the housing and connected to one end of the insulating rod, the other end of the insulating rod is connected to one end of the first connecting rod, the other end of the first connecting rod is rotatably connected to one end of the second connecting rod, and the other end of the second connecting rod is energized to one phase of the switch to be tested; the second connecting rod is fixedly disposed; the second connecting rods of the three changeover components are respectively connected to the three phases of the switch to be tested; the changeover contact structure is disposed on the first connecting rod; the connection end of the insulating rod and the first connecting rod, the first connecting rod, the changeover contact structure, and the second connecting rod are all located within the insulating cavity; wherein, the operating handle drives the insulating rod, the first connecting rod, and the changeover contact structure to rotate, so that the connection end of the changeover contact structure is energized to the high-voltage component or the grounding component; the connection end can elastically extend and retract along the axial direction of the changeover contact structure; the connection end is rotatably disposed to reduce contact friction with the high-voltage component or the grounding component.

[0017] This invention utilizes a simple structure to achieve separate switching detection of the three phases of the switch under test by employing three switching components, a housing, a high-voltage component, and a grounding component working together. By allowing the connection end to elastically extend and retract along the axial direction of the switching contact structure, the contact stress when the connection end comes into contact with the high-voltage or grounding component is effectively reduced. This allows the connection end to automatically adapt to relative positional deviations or local material protrusions with the high-voltage or grounding component, ensuring a tight fit and preventing poor contact due to misalignment and wear and chipping caused by contact collisions. When the connection end comes into contact with the high-voltage or grounding component, the elastic design absorbs the kinetic energy of moving parts, reducing impact and further reducing mechanical wear and fatigue damage, thus extending the service life of each structure. The rotatable connection end transforms the original sliding friction into… The rolling friction design reduces contact friction between the connection end and high-voltage or grounding components, thus minimizing wear. In practical applications, the proposed changeover switch significantly improves the efficiency and safety of withstand voltage tests on GIS equipment. Multiple phase switching and grounding can be completed with a single wiring connection, greatly reducing manual operation, avoiding wiring errors and the risk of electric shock, and shortening test preparation time. The design also optimizes electrical connections, ensuring impedance consistency and data accuracy in the test circuit, facilitating the establishment of standardized test procedures, and providing strong technical support for the high-quality development of the power industry. The invention is simple in structure and low in cost, easy to assemble and maintain, and solves the problems of low test efficiency, poor safety, and easy wear of moving and stationary contacts in existing changeover switches, making it suitable for large-scale promotion and use. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a changeover switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0020] Figure 2 A partial structural schematic diagram of the conversion component provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0021] Figure 3 An exploded view of a portion of the switching contact structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the operation of the three conversion components provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0023] Figure 5 This diagram shows the external structure of the changeover switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention from a side view angle.

[0024] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates the internal structure of the changeover switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention under a first test condition.

[0025] Figure 7 This diagram illustrates the internal structure of the changeover switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention under a second test condition.

[0026] Figure 8 This diagram illustrates the internal structure of the changeover switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention under a third test condition.

[0027] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the changeover switch provided in an embodiment of the present invention under a fourth test condition is shown.

[0028] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0029] 10. Conversion assembly; 11. Operating handle; 12. Insulating rod; 13. First connecting rod; 14. Conversion contact structure; 141. Guide sleeve; 142. Elastic element; 143. Main contact; 144. Rotating wheel; 145. Arc-shaped leaf spring; 146. Contact end cover; 147. First limiting element; 148. Second limiting element; 15. Second connecting rod; 16. Limiting fixing element; 17. Second rotary bearing; 18. Third rotary bearing; 19. Insulating seal;

[0030] 20. Outer shell; 21. Insulating cavity;

[0031] 30. High-voltage components; 31. Single-phase insulating basin; 32. Intermediate conductor; 321. V-groove;

[0032] 40. Grounding component; 41. Grounding protrusion;

[0033] 50. Three-phase insulated basin. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 9As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a changeover switch, comprising: three spaced-apart changeover components 10, a housing 20, a high-voltage component 30, and a grounding component 40; the housing 20 has an insulating cavity 21 inside; at least a portion of the high-voltage component 30 is disposed within the insulating cavity 21; the changeover component 10 includes an operating handle 11, an insulating rod 12, a first connecting rod 13, a changeover contact structure 14, and a second connecting rod 15; the operating handle 11 is disposed outside the housing 20 and connected to one end of the insulating rod 12, the other end of the insulating rod 12 is connected to one end of the first connecting rod 13, the other end of the first connecting rod 13 is rotatably connected to one end of the second connecting rod 15, and the other end of the second connecting rod 15 is connected to one phase of the switch to be tested. The circuit is electrically connected; the second connecting rod 15 is fixedly installed; the second connecting rods 15 of the three conversion components 10 are respectively connected to the three phases of the switch to be tested; the conversion contact structure 14 is installed on the first connecting rod 13; the connection end of the insulating rod 12 and the first connecting rod 13, the first connecting rod 13, the conversion contact structure 14 and the second connecting rod 15 are all located in the insulating cavity 21; wherein, the operating handle 11 drives the insulating rod 12, the first connecting rod 13 and the conversion contact structure 14 to rotate, so that the connection end of the conversion contact structure 14 is electrically connected to the high voltage component 30 or the grounding component 40; the connection end can elastically extend and retract along the axial direction of the conversion contact structure 14; the connection end can be rotatably installed to reduce contact friction with the high voltage component 30 or the grounding component 40.

[0036] This invention utilizes a simple structure to achieve separate switching detection of the three phases of the switch under test by setting up three switching components 10, a housing 20, a high-voltage component 30, and a grounding component 40 working together. By allowing the connecting end to elastically extend and retract along the axial direction of the switching contact structure 14, the contact stress when the connecting end abuts against the high-voltage component 30 or the grounding component 40 is effectively reduced. This allows the connecting end to automatically adapt to relative positional deviations or local material protrusions with the high-voltage component 30 or the grounding component 40, ensuring a tight fit and preventing poor contact due to misalignment and wear and chipping due to contact collisions. When the connecting end abuts against the high-voltage component 30 or the grounding component 40, the elastic design absorbs the kinetic energy of moving parts, reduces impact, further reduces mechanical wear and fatigue damage, and extends the service life of each structure. The rotatable connecting end allows for... The original sliding friction is transformed into rolling friction, which reduces the contact friction between the connection end and the high-voltage component 30 or the grounding component 40, thus reducing wear. In practical use, the changeover switch proposed in this invention significantly improves the efficiency and safety of withstand voltage tests on GIS equipment. Multi-phase switching and grounding can be completed with a single wiring, greatly reducing manual operation, avoiding wiring errors and the risk of electric shock, and also shortening test preparation time. The above design also optimizes electrical connections, ensuring impedance consistency and data accuracy of the test circuit, which is conducive to the establishment of standardized test procedures and provides strong technical support for the high-quality development of the power industry. This invention has a simple structure and low cost, is easy to assemble and maintain, and solves the problems of low test efficiency, poor safety, and easy wear of moving and stationary contacts in existing changeover switches, making it suitable for large-scale promotion and use.

[0037] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the changeover contact structure 14 includes a guide sleeve 141, an elastic element 142, a main contact 143, and a rotating wheel 144. The guide sleeve 141 is fixedly mounted on the first connecting rod 13, and the axial direction of the guide sleeve 141 forms an angle with the axial direction of the first connecting rod 13. The guide sleeve 141 has a guide cavity inside. One end of the main contact 143 is movably mounted in the guide cavity and slides and limits its movement against the inner wall of the guide cavity. The rotating wheel 144 is rotatably mounted on the other end of the main contact 143. The elastic element 142 is mounted in the guide cavity. One end of the elastic element 142 abuts against the bottom wall of the guide cavity or the first connecting rod 13, and the other end abuts against the main contact 143 to provide elastic force. The connecting end is located on the rotating wheel 144. The rotating wheel 144, the main contact 143, the first connecting rod 13, and the second connecting rod 15 are electrically connected.

[0038] By integrating the rotating wheel 144 and the retractable structure design, mechanical wear is effectively reduced, improving the reliability and service life of the changeover switch. The addition of the elastic element 142 allows the main contact 143 to automatically adapt to positional deviations during contact, reducing contact stress and preventing poor contact and wear debris. The elastic force of the elastic element 142 and the rolling contact mechanism of the rotating wheel 144 together achieve low stress and low wear during contact opening and closing, ensuring the stability of electrical connections and the accuracy of data. The above technical solution significantly improves the electrical and mechanical performance of the changeover switch by optimizing the contact method, reducing maintenance costs, and improving testing efficiency and safety. In other embodiments, the contact pressure and rolling friction coefficient of the contacts can be further optimized by adjusting the elastic force of the elastic element 142 and the material of the rotating wheel 144, solving the technical problems of wear and unstable contact during the opening and closing of moving and stationary contacts.

[0039] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the changeover contact structure 14 also includes an arc-shaped leaf spring 145, which is made of metal. The arc-shaped leaf spring 145 is fixedly mounted on the main contact 143 and is energized to the main contact 143. The outer arc surface of the arc-shaped leaf spring 145 abuts against the rotating wheel 144 under its own elastic force to conduct electricity.

[0040] The addition of the arc-shaped leaf spring 145 further enhances the electrical connection stability of the changeover contact structure 14. The selection of metal materials improves conductivity and mechanical strength. The continuous contact between the arc-shaped leaf spring 145 and the rotating wheel 144 ensures a reliable electrical connection under any operating condition. The elastic force of the arc-shaped leaf spring 145 maintains good contact between the contacts and the high-voltage component 30 or the grounding component 40 even under slight relative displacement, avoiding instability in contact resistance and the risk of partial discharge. The above technical solution significantly improves the electrical performance of the changeover switch, especially under extreme conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, maintaining a stable electrical connection and improving the accuracy and reliability of testing. In other embodiments, different types of springs or elastic elements, such as helical springs and disc springs, can be used to further optimize the stability of the electrical connection and the service life of the contacts, solving the technical problem of unstable electrical connection under extreme conditions.

[0041] like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the changeover contact structure 14 also includes a contact end cover 146, which is detachably mounted on the main contact 143 by screws. The contact end cover 146 is used to shield at least a portion of the arc-shaped leaf spring 145 and the rotating wheel 144 to protect at least a portion of the arc-shaped leaf spring 145 and the rotating wheel 144; and / or, the arc-shaped leaf spring 145 is detachably mounted on the main contact 143 by screws, and the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped leaf spring 145 is adjustable; and / or, the guide sleeve 141 is made of insulating and wear-resistant material, the elastic element 142 is a return spring, and the return spring is made of metal material; the axial direction of the guide sleeve 141 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the first connecting rod 13.

[0042] By introducing a contact end cap 146 and an adjustable arc-shaped leaf spring 145, and employing specific materials and structural designs, the protective performance and maintainability of the changeover contact structure 14 are improved. The selection of the guide sleeve 141 and the elastic element 142 further optimizes the contact's movement trajectory and contact pressure, improving the stability of the electrical connection and the reliability of the changeover switch. The shielding effect of the contact end cap 146 and the adjustability of the arc-shaped leaf spring 145 together achieve effective protection of the contact structure and precise control of the contact pressure, ensuring the reliability of the electrical connection. The above technical solutions significantly improve the protective performance and maintainability of the changeover switch, reduce maintenance costs, and improve testing efficiency and safety. In other embodiments, the protective performance of the contact structure and the controllability of the contact pressure can be further enhanced by using different types of protective caps or improving the adjustment mechanism of the arc-shaped leaf spring 145, solving the technical problems of insufficient protection of the contact structure and difficulty in precisely controlling the contact pressure.

[0043] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the rotation direction of the rotating wheel 144 is the same as or opposite to the rotation direction of the first connecting rod 13; the rotating wheel 144 is a bearing structure, the inner ring of the bearing structure is disposed on the main contact 143, and the outer ring of the bearing structure can rotate relative to the inner ring. The outer ring of the bearing structure is used to abut against the high voltage component 30 or the grounding component 40 to conduct electricity; or, the changeover contact structure 14 also includes a first rotating bearing, the inner ring of the first rotating bearing is disposed on the main contact 143, and the outer ring of the first rotating bearing can rotate relative to the inner ring. The rotating wheel 144 is sleeved and fixed on the outer circumference of the outer ring to abut against the high voltage component 30 or the grounding component 40 to conduct electricity.

[0044] By employing a bearing-structured roller 144, sliding friction is transformed into rolling friction, significantly reducing friction and wear during contact engagement and disengagement, thereby improving the reliability and service life of the changeover switch. The coordination between the rotation direction of the roller 144 and the rotation direction of the first connecting rod 13 ensures a smooth transition of the contacts during engagement and disengagement, preventing jamming during operation. The introduction of the bearing structure utilizes the rolling motion of the rolling elements between the inner and outer rings, effectively reducing friction and improving the smoothness of contact movement and the stability of the electrical connection. The above technical solution significantly improves the electrical and mechanical performance of the changeover switch, reduces maintenance costs, and enhances testing efficiency and safety. In other embodiments, different types of bearing structures, such as ball bearings and needle bearings, can be used to further optimize the contact trajectory and contact method.

[0045] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the guide cavity extends through the guide sleeve 141 along its axial direction. The end of the guide sleeve 141 away from the rotating wheel 144 is detachably connected to the first connecting rod 13 by screws. The first connecting rod 13 has a mating through hole. The end of the main contact 143 away from the rotating wheel 144 is a limiting end. The limiting end extends out of the guide cavity and passes through the mating through hole. The main contact 143 slides and is limited in fit with the inner wall of the mating through hole. The changeover contact structure 14 also includes a first limiting member 147. The first limiting member 147 is detachably connected to the limiting end by threads. The first limiting member 147 is used to constrain the movement distance of the limiting end along the axial direction of the guide sleeve 141. One end of the elastic element 142 abuts against the first connecting rod 13; and / or, the central axis of the main contact 143 is parallel or collinear with the central axis of the guide sleeve 141; the guide sleeve 141 also has a limiting hole, which is connected to the guide cavity and the outside of the guide sleeve 141 respectively; the central axis of the limiting hole and the central axis of the guide sleeve 141 have an angle; the changeover contact structure 14 also includes a second limiting element 148, one end of the second limiting element 148 extends into the limiting hole and is detachably connected to the main contact 143 by a thread; the second limiting element 148 is limited and engaged with the inner wall of the limiting hole to constrain the main contact 143 to rotate along its central axis.

[0046] By setting up a guide cavity, a mating through hole, a first limiting member 147, and a second limiting member 148, precise limiting and control of the main contact 143 is achieved, ensuring a smooth transition and precise alignment of the contact during the opening and closing process, and improving the reliability and service life of the changeover switch. The detachable connection between the guide sleeve 141 and the first connecting rod 13, and the sliding limiting fit between the main contact 143 and the mating through hole, together achieve flexible adjustment and stable operation of the contact structure. The introduction of the limiting members utilizes the detachability of the threaded connection and the guiding effect of the limiting hole to effectively control the movement range and rotation of the contact, ensuring the stability of the electrical connection and the reliability of the changeover switch. This technical solution significantly improves the electrical and mechanical performance of the changeover switch, reduces maintenance costs, and improves testing efficiency and safety. In other embodiments, different types of limiting members, such as snap rings and stop plates, can be used to further optimize the limiting method and adjustment accuracy of the contact, solving the technical problems of insufficient contact limiting and difficult adjustment.

[0047] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the insulating cavity 21 is filled with insulating gas at a rated pressure for insulation; the grounding assembly 40 includes three grounding protrusions 41, which are spaced apart circumferentially along the outer shell 20, and each of the three grounding protrusions 41 corresponds to one of the three switching assemblies 10; wherein, the grounding protrusions 41 are located inside the insulating cavity 21 and protrude radially toward the interior of the insulating cavity 21 along the outer shell 20, and the outer periphery of the grounding protrusions 41 has an arc-shaped surface, which is used to abut against the connection end of the switching contact structure 14 so that the connection end is grounded; and / or, the high-voltage assembly 30 includes a single-phase insulating basin 31 and an intermediate conductor 32, the intermediate conductor 32 being disposed inside the insulating cavity 21, the intermediate conductor 32 One end of the intermediate conductor 32 is connected to an external power source, and the other end of the intermediate conductor 32 is located in the middle of the insulating cavity 21 to contact and cooperate with the connection end; a single-phase insulating basin 31 is disposed on the outer shell 20, and the single-phase insulating basin 31 is made of insulating material to insulate the outer shell 20 from the external power source; wherein, the end of the intermediate conductor 32 that contacts the connection end has a V-groove 321, which extends circumferentially along the intermediate conductor 32 to slide and limit the connection end; and / or, the conversion assembly 10 also includes a limiting fixing member 16, which is adjustablely disposed on the outer shell 20 and cooperates with the operating handle 11; the limiting fixing member 16 is used to fix the operating handle 11 to fix the conversion contact structure 14.

[0048] By filling the insulating cavity 21 with insulating gas, electrical isolation between the outer casing 20 and internal components is achieved, improving the insulation performance and safety of the transfer switch. The grounding protrusion 41 and the intermediate conductor 32 ensure the electrical connection and insulation isolation of the transfer switch under different operating conditions, improving the accuracy and reliability of the test. The filling with insulating gas utilizes the insulating properties of the gas to effectively isolate high voltage and ground potential, avoiding the risk of electrical short circuits and electric shock. The introduction of the V-groove 321 utilizes the guiding effect of the groove structure to ensure precise alignment between the connection end and the intermediate conductor 32, improving the stability of the electrical connection and the reliability of the transfer switch. This technical solution significantly improves the insulation performance and electrical connection stability of the transfer switch, reduces maintenance costs, and improves test efficiency and safety. In other embodiments, different types of insulating gases, such as nitrogen and helium, or improvements to the shape and size of the V-groove 321 can be used to further optimize the insulation performance and the accuracy of the electrical connection, solving the technical problems of insufficient insulation performance and unstable electrical connection.

[0049] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the central axis of the connection end between the second connecting rod 15 and the first connecting rod 13 is the first axis, and the central axis of the end of the second connecting rod 15 that is energized with one phase of the switch to be tested is the second axis. The first axis and the second axis are arranged parallel to each other. The second connecting rod 15 is a Z-shaped rod to increase the length of the second connecting rod 15 within the insulating cavity 21. And / or, the switching assembly 10 also includes a second rotating bearing 17. The outer ring of the second rotating bearing 17 is fixedly disposed at the end of the second connecting rod 15 facing the first connecting rod 13, and the inner ring of the second rotating bearing 17 mates with the first connecting rod 13. The inner and outer rings can rotate relative to each other. And / or, the switching switch also includes a three-phase insulating basin 50, which is fixedly disposed on the outer casing 20. The insulating cavity 21 is sealed; the other end of the second connecting rod 15 passes through the three-phase insulating basin 50 and is energized to one phase of the switch to be tested; the three-phase insulating basin 50 is made of insulating material to insulate the switch to be tested from the insulating cavity 21; and / or, the conversion assembly 10 also includes a third rotating bearing 18 and an insulating seal 19. The outer ring of the third rotating bearing 18 is fixedly mounted on the outer shell 20, and the inner ring of the third rotating bearing 18 engages with the end of the insulating rod 12 near the operating handle 11 to support the insulating rod 12. The inner and outer rings can rotate relative to each other; the insulating seal 19 is located at the connection end between the operating handle 11 and the insulating rod 12. The insulating seal 19 is used to seal the insulating cavity 21 and insulate the outer shell 20 from the operating handle 11.

[0050] By incorporating a Z-shaped second connecting rod 15, a second rotary bearing 17, a three-phase insulating basin 50, a third rotary bearing 18, and an insulating seal 19, stable support and electrical isolation of the internal components of the changeover switch are achieved, improving the reliability and safety of the changeover switch. The Z-shaped rod design increases the length of the second connecting rod 15 within the insulating cavity 21, improving the insulation margin of the electrical connection and reducing the risk of electrical short circuits. The introduction of the second and third rotary bearings 17 utilizes the supporting and rotating functions of the bearings to ensure stable movement of the internal components of the changeover switch and reliable electrical connections. The insulating seal 19 utilizes the insulating material's isolation function to effectively isolate the electrical connection between the operating handle 11 and the housing 20, avoiding the risk of electric shock during operation. The above technical solutions significantly improve the reliability and safety of the changeover switch, reduce maintenance costs, and improve testing efficiency and safety. In other embodiments, different types of support structures and seals, such as ball bearings and O-rings, can be used to further optimize the support and electrical isolation of the internal components.

[0051] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the second connecting rods 15 of the three switching components 10 are respectively connected to phases A, B, and C of the switch under test; the switching switch has a first test condition, a second test condition, a third test condition, and a fourth test condition; in the first test condition, the switching contact structure 14 of the switching component 10 connected to phase A is connected to the high-voltage component 30, and the switching contact structures 14 of the two switching components 10 connected to phases B and C are respectively connected to the grounding component 40, and the housing 20 is grounded. At this time, the insulation performance and partial discharge status of phase A of the switch under test relative to the grounding terminal, between phase A and phase B, and between phase A and phase C are tested; in the second test condition, the switching contact structure 14 of the switching component 10 connected to phase B is connected to the high-voltage component 30, and the switching contact structures 14 of the two switching components 10 connected to phases A and C are respectively connected to the grounding component 40, and the housing 20 is grounded. In the first test condition, the insulation performance and partial discharge status of phase B of the switch under test relative to the ground terminal, between phase B and phase A, and between phase B and phase C are tested. In the second test condition, the switching contact structure 14 of the switching component 10 connected to phase C is connected to the high-voltage component 30, and the switching contact structures 14 of the two switching components 10 connected to phases A and B are respectively connected to the grounding component 40. The housing 20 is grounded. In the third test condition, the switching contact structure 14 of the three switching components 10 connected to phases A, B, and C are all connected to the high-voltage component 30. The housing 20 is grounded. In the fourth test condition, the switching contact structures 14 of the three switching components 10 connected to phases A, B, and C are all connected to the high-voltage component 30. The housing 20 is grounded. In the fourth test condition, the insulation performance and partial discharge status of phase A of the switch under test relative to the ground terminal, between phase B and phase B, and between phase C and phase C are tested.

[0052] By setting four different test conditions, comprehensive testing of the three phases of the GIS equipment was achieved, improving the test coverage and efficiency. The connection method between the changeover contact structure 14 and the high-voltage component 30 and grounding component 40 ensures accurate electrical connection and insulation testing under different conditions. The connection method of the changeover contact structure 14 utilizes the switching function of the contacts to achieve electrical connection and insulation isolation under different conditions, improving the accuracy and reliability of the test. The above technical solution significantly improves the detection capability and testing efficiency of the changeover switch. Multi-phase switching and grounding can be completed in a single operation, greatly reducing manual operation, avoiding wiring errors and electric shock risks, shortening test preparation time, optimizing electrical connections, ensuring impedance consistency and data accuracy of the test circuit, and facilitating the establishment of standardized test procedures.

[0053] The present invention also provides a high-voltage testing device, which includes the above-mentioned changeover switch and a test power supply connected to the high-voltage component 30 to provide high-voltage electricity.

[0054] This invention integrates a transfer switch into a high-voltage testing device, enabling efficient, safe, and accurate three-phase withstand voltage testing of GIS equipment, thus improving the overall efficiency and reliability of the test. The connection between the test power supply and the high-voltage component 30 ensures that the transfer switch can provide stable high-voltage power under different operating conditions, meeting the requirements of withstand voltage testing. The integration of the transfer switch utilizes its electrical switching and insulation isolation functions to achieve flexible switching and precise control between the test power supply and the three phases of the GIS equipment, improving the accuracy and reliability of the test. The above technical solution significantly improves the detection capability and testing efficiency of the high-voltage testing device. Multi-phase switching and grounding can be completed in a single operation, greatly reducing manual operation, avoiding wiring errors and the risk of electric shock, while also shortening test preparation time, optimizing electrical connections, ensuring impedance consistency and data accuracy of the test circuit, and facilitating the establishment of standardized test procedures. In other embodiments, the electrical connection and data acquisition can be further optimized by improving the output characteristics of the test power supply and the connection method of the high-voltage component 30.

[0055] The working process and principle of a specific embodiment of the present invention will now be described in detail as follows:

[0056] This invention belongs to the field of high-voltage testing and is mainly used for efficient and reliable switching between the tested phase and the non-tested phase during withstand voltage testing of three-phase common-enclosure GIS equipment. For withstand voltage testing of GIS equipment, a phase-by-phase withstand voltage test procedure is adopted. The test sequence is generally "A phase → B phase → C phase," with side-viewing performed phase by phase. Taking the A phase test as an example (the operation for B and C phases is similar): A phase is the tested phase. The switching contact structure 14 of the switching component 10 connected to A phase is connected to the high-voltage component 30. The switching contact structures 14 of the two switching components 10 connected to B and C phases are respectively connected to the grounding component 40. The housing 20 is grounded. At this time, the A phase relative to the grounding terminal and the A phase relative to B phase of the switch under test are detected. The insulation performance and partial discharge status between phases, and between phase A and phase C; that is, phases B and C are non-tested phases, and their conductors are short-circuited and reliably grounded to ensure that they are at the same potential as ground. The casing of the GIS is always reliably grounded without disconnection. Then, the insulation performance and partial discharge status of phase A of the GIS equipment are tested according to the standard withstand voltage test procedure. Subsequently, phases B and C are tested one by one in this manner. This invention solves the problems of inconvenience in switching between the tested and non-tested phases in conventional withstand voltage tests, and the risk of phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground breakdown caused by induced voltage generated if the non-tested phase is not grounded or poorly grounded. It also solves the technical drawbacks of contact wear and chipping during the operation of the transfer switch.

[0057] like Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the three switching components 10 of the changeover switch are distributed at 120° intervals along the circumference of the housing 20. The intermediate conductor 32 located at the center of the insulating cavity 21 serves as the high-voltage terminal. The insulating cavity 21 is filled with insulating gas at rated pressure. Three grounding protrusions 41 are evenly distributed at 120° positions on the inner wall of the insulating cavity 21. The grounding protrusions 41 are smooth protrusions. The entire working process is as follows: When the test transformer is de-energized, the manual or electric operating handle 11 is rotated, which drives the insulating rod 12 to rotate. The insulating rod 12 drives the switching contact structure 14 to rotate to a specific working position. When the switching contact structure 14 rotates to abut against the grounding protrusion 41, the phase conductor is electrically connected to the ground potential. At this time, an isolation break is formed between the phase conductor and the intermediate conductor 32, achieving electrical insulation. When the switching contact structure 14 rotates to abut against the intermediate conductor 32, the phase conductor is electrically connected to the intermediate conductor 32. At this time, an isolation break is formed between the phase conductor and the housing 20, achieving electrical insulation. Figures 6 to 9 As shown, the following four pressure test conditions for GIS equipment are implemented.

[0058] The outer casing 20 is a circular metal cylinder and maintains a reliable connection to the ground at all times. The intermediate conductor 32 connects to the high-voltage side of the test transformer. The intermediate conductor 32 has an L-shaped structure, with one end fixed to the center of the single-phase insulating basin 31 and the other end in the area corresponding to the working position of the changeover contact structure 14. The contact end has a V-shaped groove 321 (e.g., a V-shaped wave groove shape). The V-shaped groove 321 serves to guide the changeover contact structure 14 during contact and improve the local electric field distribution. To ensure the changeover switch has good insulation margin, such as... Figure 1As shown, the second connecting rod 15 adopts a Z-shaped structure design, increasing the working surface break distance of the changeover contact structure 14 to improve insulation performance. One end of the second connecting rod 15 is fixed to the center of the three-phase insulation basin 50, and the other end is embedded in the second rotating bearing 17, which provides fixed support and restricts rotation of the outer ring of the second rotating bearing 17. One end of the first connecting rod 13 is inserted into the inner ring of the second rotating bearing 17, and the other end is fixedly connected to the insulating rod 12. The changeover contact structure 14 is installed on the first connecting rod 13. The changeover contact structure 14 is a key component for the device to realize phase switching and grounding. The guide sleeve 141 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant material. Its function is to restrict the radial displacement of the main contact 143 and guide it to reciprocate along the central axis of the guide sleeve 141, preventing radial swaying, skewness or displacement due to uneven force or external load, and ensuring the accuracy of the movement trajectory. The function of the return spring (i.e., the elastic element 142) is to realize the axial extension and retraction of the main contact 143 through the inherent mechanical characteristics of the spring's "energy storage-release", thereby improving the contact pressure. The second limiting member 148 cooperates with the limiting hole on the guide sleeve 141 to restrict the main contact 143 from rotating along its own axis during operation, so that it is always in the correct working position; a cavity is machined inside the main contact 143 for installing the rotating wheel 144 and the arc-shaped leaf spring 145 and other structures; the arc-shaped leaf spring 145 is installed and fixed inside the main contact 143, and the arc-shaped leaf spring 145 makes reliable electrical contact with the surface of the rotating wheel 144.

[0059] When the high-voltage testing device is de-energized, rotating the operating handle 11 causes the insulating rod 12 to rotate via the insulating seal 19. The insulating rod 12 then rotates the first connecting rod 13, ultimately causing the changeover contact structure 14 to rotate to a specific working position. When the changeover contact structure 14 rotates to the position where it is closed with the grounding protrusion 41, the second connecting rod 15 is connected to the ground potential, achieving reliable grounding. At this time, an electrical insulation isolation break is formed between the second connecting rod 15 and the intermediate conductor 32. The electrical circuit is as follows: second connecting rod 15 → First connecting rod 13 → Main contact 143 → Arc-shaped leaf spring 145 → Rotating wheel 144 → Grounding protrusion 41 → Ground; When the changeover contact structure 14 rotates to the closed position of the intermediate conductor 32, the second connecting rod 15 is energized and connected to the intermediate conductor 32. At this time, an electrical insulation isolation break is formed between the second connecting rod 15 and the outer casing 20. Its electrical circuit is: Second connecting rod 15 → First connecting rod 13 → Main contact 143 → Arc-shaped leaf spring 145 → Rotating wheel 144 → Intermediate conductor 32 → Test power supply.

[0060] In summary, this invention provides a changeover switch and a high-voltage testing device. By employing three switching components 10, a housing 20, a high-voltage component 30, and a grounding component 40 working together, this invention achieves separate switching tests of the three phases of the switch under test using a simple structure. The connection end, which can elastically extend and retract along the axial direction of the switching contact structure 14, effectively reduces the contact stress when the connection end abuts against the high-voltage component 30 or the grounding component 40. This allows the connection end to automatically adapt to relative positional deviations or local material protrusions with the high-voltage component 30 or the grounding component 40, ensuring a tight fit and preventing poor contact due to misalignment and wear and chipping caused by contact collisions. When the connection end abuts against the high-voltage component 30 or the grounding component 40, the elastic design absorbs the kinetic energy of moving parts, reduces impact, further reduces mechanical wear and fatigue damage, and extends the service life of each structure. By making the connection end rotatable, the original sliding friction is transformed into rolling friction, thereby reducing the contact friction between the connection end and the high-voltage component 30 or the grounding component 40, and reducing wear. In practical use, the changeover switch proposed in this invention significantly improves the efficiency and safety of withstand voltage tests on GIS equipment. Multi-phase switching and grounding can be completed with a single wiring, greatly reducing manual operation, avoiding wiring errors and the risk of electric shock, and also shortening the test preparation time. The above design also optimizes the electrical connection, ensuring the impedance consistency and data accuracy of the test circuit, which is conducive to the establishment of standardized test procedures and provides strong technical support for the high-quality development of the power industry. This invention has a simple structure and low cost, is easy to assemble and maintain, and solves the problems of low test efficiency, poor safety, and easy wear of moving and stationary contacts in existing changeover switches, making it suitable for large-scale promotion and use.

[0061] The technical features of the embodiments described above can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0062] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0063] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further discussed in subsequent figures.

[0064] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.

[0065] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0066] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0067] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A changeover switch, characterised in that, The utility model relates to a three-phase switch detection device, including: Three interval arrangement conversion assemblies (10), outer shell (20), high voltage assembly (30) and ground assembly (40), the outer shell (20) inside has insulating cavity (21), at least a part of high voltage assembly (30) is arranged in insulating cavity (21), conversion assembly (10) includes operating handle (11), insulating rod (12), first connecting rod (13), conversion contact structure (14) and second connecting rod (15), operating handle (11) is arranged in the outside of outer shell (20), and with one end of insulating rod (12) is connected, the other end of insulating rod (12) is connected with one end of first connecting rod (13), the other end of first connecting rod (13) is rotatably connected with one end of second connecting rod (15), and the other end of second connecting rod (15) is connected with one phase of the switch to be detected, and second connecting rod (15) is fixedly arranged, and the second connecting rod (15) of three conversion assemblies (10) is connected with three phases of the switch to be detected respectively, conversion contact structure (14) is arranged in first connecting rod (13), the connecting end of insulating rod (12), first connecting rod (13), conversion contact structure (14) and second connecting rod (15) are all located in insulating cavity (21), wherein operating handle (11) drives insulating rod (12), first connecting rod (13) and conversion contact structure (14) to rotate, to make the connecting end of conversion contact structure (14) with high voltage assembly (30) or ground assembly (40) power connection, the connecting end can be elastically telescopic along the axial direction of conversion contact structure (14), and the connecting end can be rotatably arranged to reduce the contact friction with high voltage assembly (30) or ground assembly (40).

2. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that Conversion contact structure (14) includes guide sleeve (141), elastic member (142), main contact (143) and rotating wheel (144), guide sleeve (141) is fixedly arranged on first connecting rod (13), and the axial direction of guide sleeve (141) has the included angle with the axial direction of first connecting rod (13), guide sleeve (141) has guide cavity inside, one end of main contact (143) is movably arranged in guide cavity, and is limited with the inner wall of guide cavity sliding, and rotating wheel (144) is rotatably arranged on the other end of main contact (143), elastic member (142) is arranged in guide cavity, one end of elastic member (142) is abutted with the bottom wall of guide cavity or first connecting rod (13), and the other end is abutted with main contact (143), to provide elastic force, the connecting end is located on rotating wheel (144), wherein rotating wheel (144), main contact (143), first connecting rod (13), second connecting rod (15) are connected with electricity.

3. The switch according to claim 2, characterized in that The conversion contact structure (14) further comprises an arc-shaped plate spring (145) made of metal material; the arc-shaped plate spring (145) is fixedly arranged on the main contact (143) and is in electrically connected with the main contact (143); the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped plate spring (145) is in abutment with the rotating wheel (144) under the action of the elastic force of the arc-shaped plate spring (145) to conduct electricity.

4. The switch according to claim 3, characterized in that The conversion contact structure (14) further comprises a contact end cover (146) which is detachably arranged on the main contact (143) by screws, the contact end cover (146) is used for shielding at least part of the arc-shaped plate spring (145) and the rotating wheel (144) to protect at least part of the arc-shaped plate spring (145) and the rotating wheel (144); and / or, the arc-shaped plate spring (145) is detachably arranged on the main contact (143) by screws, and the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped plate spring (145) is adjustable; and / or, the guide sleeve (141) is made of insulating wear-resistant material, the elastic member (142) is made of a return spring, and the return spring is made of metal material; the axial direction of the guide sleeve (141) is arranged perpendicularly to the axial direction of the first connecting rod (13).

5. The switch according to claim 2, characterized in that The rotating direction of the rotating wheel (144) is the same as or opposite to the rotating direction of the first connecting rod (13); the rotating wheel (144) is a bearing structure, the inner ring of the bearing structure is arranged on the main contact (143), the outer ring of the bearing structure is rotatable relative to the inner ring, and the outer ring of the bearing structure is used for abutting with the high-voltage assembly (30) or the grounding assembly (40) to conduct electricity; or, the conversion contact structure (14) further comprises a first rotating bearing, the inner ring of the first rotating bearing is arranged on the main contact (143), the outer ring of the first rotating bearing is rotatable relative to the inner ring, and the rotating wheel (144) is fixedly sleeved on the outer periphery of the outer ring to abut with the high-voltage assembly (30) or the grounding assembly (40) to conduct electricity.

6. The switch according to claim 2, characterized in that The guide cavity extends through the guide sleeve (141) along its axial direction. The end of the guide sleeve (141) away from the rotating wheel (144) is detachably connected to the first connecting rod (13) by screws. The first connecting rod (13) has a mating through hole. The end of the main contact (143) away from the rotating wheel (144) is a limiting end. The limiting end extends out of the guide cavity and passes through the mating through hole. The main contact (143) slides and limits the mating through hole with the inner wall of the mating through hole. The changeover contact structure (14) also includes a first limiting member (147). The first limiting member (147) is detachably connected to the limiting end by threads. The first limiting member (147) is used to constrain the movement of the limiting end along the axial direction of the guide sleeve (141). The moving distance; one end of the elastic element (142) abuts against the first connecting rod (13); and / or, the central axis of the main contact (143) is parallel or collinear with the central axis of the guide sleeve (141); the guide sleeve (141) also has a limiting hole, which is connected to the guide cavity and the outside of the guide sleeve (141) respectively; the central axis of the limiting hole has an angle with the central axis of the guide sleeve (141); the changeover contact structure (14) further includes a second limiting element (148), one end of the second limiting element (148) extends into the limiting hole and is detachably connected to the main contact (143) by a thread; the second limiting element (148) is limited and engaged with the inner wall of the limiting hole to constrain the main contact (143) to rotate along its central axis.

7. The changeover switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating cavity (21) is filled with insulating gas at a rated pressure for insulation; the grounding assembly (40) includes three grounding protrusions (41) with grounding arrangements. The three grounding protrusions (41) are arranged circumferentially around the outer shell (20), and the three grounding protrusions (41) are respectively arranged in correspondence with the three conversion assemblies (10); wherein, the grounding protrusions (41) are located inside the insulating cavity (21) and protrude radially toward the interior of the insulating cavity (21) along the outer shell (20). The outer periphery of the grounding protrusions (41) has an arc-shaped surface, which is used to abut against the connection end of the conversion contact structure (14) so ​​that the connection end is grounded; And / or, the high-voltage assembly (30) includes a single-phase insulating basin (31) and an intermediate conductor (32), the intermediate conductor (32) being disposed within the insulating cavity (21), one end of the intermediate conductor (32) being connected to an external power source, and the other end of the intermediate conductor (32) being located in the middle of the insulating cavity (21) to contact and cooperate with the connection end; the single-phase insulating basin (31) being disposed on the outer shell (20), the single-phase insulating basin (31) being made of insulating material to insulate the outer shell (20) from the external power source; wherein, the end of the intermediate conductor (32) used to contact the connection end has a V-groove (321), the V-groove (321) extending circumferentially along the intermediate conductor (32) to slide and limit cooperation with the connection end; And / or, the conversion assembly (10) further includes a limiting fastener (16), which is adjustablely disposed on the housing (20) and cooperates with the operating handle (11); the limiting fastener (16) is used to fix the operating handle (11) to fix the conversion contact structure (14).

8. The changeover switch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central axis of the connection end of the second connecting rod (15) and the first connecting rod (13) is the first axis, and the central axis of the end of the second connecting rod (15) that is energized to one phase of the switch to be tested is the second axis. The first axis and the second axis are set parallel to each other. The second connecting rod (15) is a Z-shaped rod to increase the length of the second connecting rod (15) in the insulating cavity (21). And / or, the conversion assembly (10) further includes a second rotary bearing (17), the outer ring of the second rotary bearing (17) is fixedly disposed at one end of the second connecting rod (15) facing the first connecting rod (13), the inner ring of the second rotary bearing (17) cooperates with the first connecting rod (13), and the inner ring and the outer ring can rotate relative to each other; And / or, the changeover switch further includes a three-phase insulating basin (50), which is fixedly mounted on the outer casing (20) and seals the insulating cavity (21); the other end of the second connecting rod (15) passes through the three-phase insulating basin (50) and is electrically connected to one phase of the switch to be tested; the three-phase insulating basin (50) is made of insulating material to insulate the switch to be tested from the insulating cavity (21); And / or, the conversion assembly (10) further includes a third rotary bearing (18) and an insulating seal (19). The outer ring of the third rotary bearing (18) is fixedly disposed on the outer casing (20), and the inner ring of the third rotary bearing (18) engages with one end of the insulating rod (12) near the operating handle (11) to support the insulating rod (12). The inner ring and the outer ring are rotatable relative to each other. The insulating seal (19) is disposed at the connection end between the operating handle (11) and the insulating rod (12). The insulating seal (19) is used to seal the insulating cavity (21) and insulate the outer casing (20) from the operating handle (11).

9. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that The second connecting rods (15) of the three switching components (10) are respectively connected to phase A, phase B and phase C of the switch to be tested; the switching switch has a first test condition, a second test condition, a third test condition and a fourth test condition; Under the first test condition, the switching contact structure (14) of the switching component (10) connected to phase A is connected to the high voltage component (30), and the switching contact structures (14) of the two switching components (10) connected to phase B and phase C are respectively connected to the grounding component (40). The outer casing (20) is grounded. At this time, the insulation performance and partial discharge status of phase A of the switch under test relative to the grounding terminal, between phase A and phase B, and between phase A and phase C are tested. Under the second test condition, the switching contact structure (14) of the switching component (10) connected to phase B is connected to the high voltage component (30), and the switching contact structures (14) of the two switching components (10) connected to phase A and phase C are respectively connected to the grounding component (40). The outer casing (20) is grounded. At this time, the insulation performance and partial discharge status of phase B of the switch under test relative to the grounding terminal, phase B and phase A, and phase B and phase C are tested. Under the third test condition, the switching contact structure (14) of the switching component (10) connected to the C phase is connected to the high voltage component (30), and the switching contact structures (14) of the two switching components (10) connected to the A phase and the B phase are respectively connected to the grounding component (40). The outer casing (20) is grounded. At this time, the insulation performance and partial discharge status of the C phase of the switch under test relative to the grounding terminal, the C phase and the A phase, and the C phase and the B phase are tested. Under the fourth test condition, the switching contact structure (14) of the three switching components (10) connected to phase A, phase B and phase C are all connected to the high voltage component (30), and the outer casing (20) is grounded. At this time, the insulation performance and partial discharge of phase A, phase B and phase C of the switch under test relative to the ground terminal are tested.

10. A high voltage testing device, characterized by The high-voltage testing device includes a changeover switch as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and the high-voltage testing device further includes a test power supply connected to the high-voltage component (30) to provide high-voltage electricity.

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