Air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management function

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell, specifically to a wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management function. It comprises a shell and a cell stack, and further comprises an air inlet fan, an inlet frame is arranged on the shell, a main air inlet channel is formed between the air inlet fan and the cell stack, an air outlet fan, an outlet frame is arranged on the shell, a main air outlet channel is formed between the air outlet fan and the cell stack, a bypass passage is formed in the side wall area of the shell between the inlet frame and the outlet frame, an air outlet adjusting assembly comprising two rotating plates and an adjusting driver, and a temperature sensor. The adjustable bypass circuit is formed by the cooperation of the flow guide plate and the rotating plate, the rotating plate is driven to open and close by the push plate controlled by the temperature sensor feedback, the main channel is fully opened to strengthen heat dissipation at high temperature, the bypass passage is opened to cool and the minimum gap of the main channel is reserved at low temperature, the cathode is continuously ventilated, and the heat dissipation efficiency and membrane hydration stability are considered.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cells, in particular to a wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management function. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the existing wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack, fixed air ducts are usually used in combination with single inlet or outlet fans for heat dissipation. The air flow path and flow rate cannot be dynamically adjusted in real time according to the operating conditions of the stack. On the one hand, at high load and high temperature, if the air volume is insufficient, it is difficult to effectively dissipate heat, which may cause local overheating. On the other hand, at low load or during startup, excessive dry air continuously sweeps the cathode flow channel, which may accelerate the evaporation of water in the proton exchange membrane, leading to membrane dehydration, increased internal resistance, and even performance degradation.

[0003] The wind-cooled device for fuel cell stack disclosed in the currently published Chinese patent CN114400350B includes a stack body, which is arranged between a first support plate and a second support plate. The first support plate and the second support plate are fixedly connected by a plurality of fasteners. The stack body includes a bipolar plate with an open cathode flow channel, a stack housing, and a plurality of air inlets and air outlets arranged on the side surface of the stack housing. The air inlets and the air outlets are arranged on opposite sides of the stack housing, and the number of air inlets is greater than that of air outlets. An air inlet fan is arranged outside the air inlet, and the air inlet fan is a blowing fan. An air outlet fan is arranged outside the air outlet, and the air outlet fan is a suction fan.

[0004] According to the above-mentioned patent, the cooperation of the air inlet and outlet fans improves the cathode flow channel pressure and heat dissipation capacity. However, the fan speed regulation can only change the air volume, and cannot dynamically switch the air flow path. In low load or dry environment conditions, continuous high-flow air flow may excessively sweep the membrane electrode, leading to dehydration of the proton exchange membrane and affecting the conduction performance.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management function to ensure efficient heat dissipation while reducing direct blowing air volume at low load stage and maintaining membrane hydration state. SUMMARY

[0006] To address the problems existing in the prior art, a wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent airflow management function is provided. An adjustable bypass circuit is formed by the cooperation of the guide plate and the rotating plate. The opening and closing of the rotating plate is controlled by the feedback of the temperature sensor. At high temperature, the main channel is fully opened to enhance heat dissipation. At low temperature, the bypass channel is opened for cooling while maintaining the minimum gap of the main channel to ensure continuous ventilation of the cathode, thus balancing heat dissipation efficiency and membrane hydration stability.

[0007] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides an air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent airflow management, comprising a housing and a fuel cell stack disposed within the housing. The fuel cell stack has multiple cathode cavities distributed along its stacking direction. Each cathode cavity has an inlet side for cooling air to flow in and an outlet side for cooling air to flow out. An air intake fan is also included, disposed on the inlet side, for blowing cooling air into the fuel cell stack. An inlet frame is provided on the housing for mounting the air intake fan. The air intake fan and the fuel cell stack form a main air intake channel. An exhaust fan is disposed on the outlet side for drawing in and discharging cooling air flowing through the fuel cell stack. The exhaust gas has an outlet frame on its outer casing for mounting an exhaust fan, which forms a main exhaust channel with the battery stack. A bypass passage is formed in the side wall area of ​​the outer casing between the inlet frame and the outlet frame to guide cooling air to flow around the outer periphery of the battery stack. An air outlet adjustment assembly is respectively set in the main inlet channel and the main outlet channel, including two rotating plates symmetrically arranged in the corresponding frames and an adjustment driver. When both rotating plates are fully open, the bypass passage is in a closed state, and when it is inwardly swinging, the bypass passage is in an open state. Each cathode cavity is equipped with at least one temperature sensor.

[0008] Preferably, two side plates are symmetrically arranged around the periphery of the outer shell, and each side plate and the outer shell form a bypass passage. Each bypass passage has an external air intake passage communicating with the main air intake passage and an internal air intake passage communicating with the main air outlet passage.

[0009] Preferably, two diversion plates are fixedly provided on the inner side of the inlet frame and the outlet frame for each bypass passage, and the two diversion plates enclose each other to form the external air diversion channel or the internal air diversion channel.

[0010] Preferably, the two corresponding diversion plates are arranged parallel to each other and tilted towards the wind, and each diversion plate has an end face that can make close contact with the corresponding rotating plate.

[0011] Preferably, the adjusting actuator includes a push plate that is slidably disposed on the corresponding frame along the inclined direction of the deflector plate. The end of the push plate near the rotating plate abuts against its outer surface. When the push plate gradually pushes the rotating plate inward, the push plate and the deflector plate together form an airflow guiding surface.

[0012] Preferably, the end of the push plate close to the rotating plate is provided with a rubber block abutting against the outer surface of the rotating plate.

[0013] Preferably, the end of the rotating plate close to the battery stack is provided with a rotating shaft abutting against the corresponding frame, and the inlet frame and the outlet frame are each provided with a limiting step at the abutting position of each rotating plate, for limiting the rotating range of the rotating plate.

[0014] Preferably, the limiting step has an outer limiting surface and an inner limiting surface, when the rotating plate contacts the outer limiting surface, the rotating plate is at the outer swing limit position, and when the rotating plate contacts the inner limiting surface, the rotating plate is at the inner swing limit position.

[0015] Preferably, the inlet frame and the outlet frame are each provided with an elastic connecting piece and an elastic buffer piece on the outer surface of each rotating plate, when the rotating plate swings to the limit position, the elastic connecting piece is in a stretched state, and the elastic buffer piece is in a compressed state.

[0016] Preferably, the air inlet fan and the air outlet fan are each provided with a plurality of, and each two corresponding rotating plates have a gap when they swing to the limit position.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present application compared with the prior art are:

[0018] 1. The present application sets a pair of inclined guide plates inside the inlet frame and the outlet frame, and cooperates with the swingable rotating plate, to build an external cooling loop composed of air external leading channel, bypass passage and air internal leading channel. The temperature sensor arranged in each cathode cavity monitors the operating temperature in real time, and feeds back the signal to the control system.

[0019] When the battery stack is in a high temperature state, the control system drives the rotating plate to swing outward to the fully open position, so that the end face closely abuts against the guide plate, closes the bypass passage, and forces all cooling air to flow through the cathode cavity to enhance heat dissipation.

[0020] When the temperature tends to be stable or is in a low load working condition, the rotating plate swings inward, and separates from the end face of the guide plate to form an opening, part of the airflow is diverted into the bypass passage, flows along the outer periphery of the shell, and then merges into the main air outlet channel, to realize uniform cooling of the shell and reduce direct blowing of the membrane electrode, effectively maintain the hydration state of the proton exchange membrane, and improve the intelligence of thermal management.

[0021] 2. The present application realizes smooth and accurate adjustment of the air port opening degree by sliding the push plate along the sliding groove and flexibly pushing the rotating plate to rotate through the rubber block. The push plate and the guide plate jointly constitute a continuous airflow guide surface, guide the cooling air to smoothly enter the bypass passage, and the swing stroke of the rotating plate is rigidly limited by the outer limiting surface and the inner limiting surface on the limiting step, corresponding to the stable stop points of the fully open and the minimum opening degree respectively.

[0022] Meanwhile, the elastic connecting piece provides a reset tension when it is stretched to the limit of the outward swing of the rotating plate, and the elastic buffer piece is compressed to absorb the impact, ensuring smooth operation and reliable positioning, thereby realizing stable switching of air flow distribution between the main channel and the bypass passage.

[0023] 3. The application sets a pair of rotating plates in the main inlet channel and the main outlet channel, and when they are synchronously swung inward to the limit position defined by the limiting steps under the driving action, a fixed gap is still reserved between the two rotating plates.

[0024] The gap constitutes the minimum flow cross section of the main channel, ensuring that even if the bypass passage is completely opened and the main channel is narrowed to the maximum extent, cooling air can still continuously flow through the cathode cavity to maintain the minimum ventilation required for the operation of the stack. While achieving efficient bypass cooling of the shell, it effectively prevents the membrane electrode from dehydrating or local reaction stagnation due to air flow interruption, and takes into account both thermal management and electrochemical stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management function.

[0026] Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural exploded schematic diagram of a wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management function.

[0027] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of a wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management function.

[0028] Figure 4 is a planar cross-sectional view of a wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management function.

[0029] Figure 5 is a planar cross-sectional view of a wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management function, with the rotating plate at the inlet side being in the outward swing limit position.

[0030] Figure 6 is a planar cross-sectional view of a wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management function, with the rotating plate at the inlet side being in the inward swing limit position.

[0031] Figure 7 is a three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of a wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management function, with the rotating plate at the inlet side being in the outward swing limit position.

[0032] Figure 8It is a kind of the three-dimensional structure section view of the rotating plate of the inlet side of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management function in the limit position of the inner swing of the present application.

[0033] Figure 9 It is the A enlarged schematic view of the present application Figure 5

[0034] Figure 10 It is the B enlarged schematic view of the present application Figure 6

[0035] Figure 11 It is a kind of the partial three-dimensional structure exploded schematic view of the air port adjusting assembly of the air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management function of the present application.

[0036] The figure mark is: 1, shell;11, end plate;111, hydrogen inlet;112, hydrogen outlet;12, side plate;2, battery stack;3, air inlet fan;31, inlet frame;311, filter screen;32, main air inlet channel;4, air outlet fan;41, outlet frame;42, main air outlet channel;5, bypass passage;51, side plate;511, air external guide channel;512, air internal guide channel;52, guide plate;6, air port adjusting assembly;61, rotating plate;611, rotating shaft;612, limiting step;6121, outer limiting surface;6122, inner limiting surface;613, elastic connecting piece;614, elastic buffer;62, adjusting driver;621, push plate;6211, fixed electromagnet;6212, movable electromagnet;622, sliding part;6221, sliding groove;623, rubber block;7, temperature sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to further understand the features, technical means and achieved specific purposes and functions of the present application, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] Referring to Figures 1-4 ​​As shown, a wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management function comprises a shell 1 and a cell stack 2 arranged in the shell 1, the cell stack 2 has a plurality of cathode cavities distributed along the stacking direction of the cell stack 2, the cathode cavities have an inlet side for cooling air inflow and an outlet side for cooling air outflow. The wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack further comprises an air inlet fan 3 and an air outlet fan 4, the air inlet fan 3 is arranged at the inlet side and used to blow cooling air into the cell stack 2, the shell 1 is provided with an inlet frame 31 for mounting the air inlet fan 3, and a main air inlet channel 32 is formed between the air inlet fan 3 and the cell stack 2. The air outlet fan 4 is arranged at the outlet side and used to suck and discharge the exhaust gas flowing through the cell stack 2. The shell 1 is provided with an outlet frame 41 for mounting the air outlet fan 4, and a main air outlet channel 42 is formed between the air outlet fan 4 and the cell stack 2. A bypass passage 5 is formed in the sidewall region of the shell 1 between the inlet frame 31 and the outlet frame 41, and is used to guide the cooling air to flow around the periphery of the cell stack 2. An air port adjusting assembly 6 is arranged in the main air inlet channel 32 and the main air outlet channel 42, respectively, and comprises two rotating plates 61 symmetrically arranged in the corresponding frames and an adjusting driver 62, when the two rotating plates 61 are fully opened, the bypass passage 5 is in a closed state, when the two rotating plates 61 are swung inward, the bypass passage 5 is in an open state, and a temperature sensor 7 is arranged in each of the cathode cavities.

[0039] The shell 1 is enclosed by two end plates 11 arranged oppositely and two side plates 12 connected to the two sides of the end plates 11, the end plates 11 are provided with a hydrogen gas inlet 111 and a hydrogen gas outlet 112, forming a closed anode hydrogen supply loop for supplying reaction hydrogen and discharging unreacted gas on the anode side. The side plates 12 are provided with the bypass passage 5.

[0040] The inlet frame 31 and the outlet frame 41 are both provided with a filter screen 311.

[0041] In the wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack, the flow path of the cooling gas is finely divided into a main channel and a bypass passage 5, and the two work together to realize dynamic thermal management based on real-time temperature feedback.

[0042] In the wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack, the dynamic thermal management is realized by real-time monitoring of the temperature by the temperature sensor 7 arranged in each cathode cavity and feeding back the data to the control system.

[0043] In order to realize intelligent air flow management, the control system can include a central processing unit, a storage module and a signal interface circuit. The temperature sensor 7 is electrically connected to the signal interface circuit through a signal line, and transmits the real-time temperature data of each cathode cavity to the central processing unit. The central processing unit judges the current thermal state according to the preset temperature threshold value logic and outputs a control instruction to the adjusting driver 62.

[0044] The adjustment driver 62 drives the rotating plate 61 to rotate in the main air inlet channel 32 and the main air outlet channel 42 to adjust the opening and closing of the main channel and the bypass passage 5 based on the temperature feedback, in response to the instruction.

[0045] When the temperature of any cathode chamber reaches a preset high temperature threshold (e.g. 65°C), the control system drives the rotating plate 61 in the air port adjustment assembly 6 to fully open the main air inlet channel 32 and the main air outlet channel 42, while closing the bypass passage 5, so that all the cooling air flows through the inside of the battery stack, enhancing heat dissipation in the high temperature area.

[0046] Conversely, when the temperature is low (e.g. below 50°C), the rotating plate 61 swings to open the bypass passage 5, guiding part of the cooling air to bypass the periphery of the battery stack 2, reducing excessive cooling, so as to realize intelligent air flow distribution and efficient thermal management based on real-time temperature feedback.

[0047] The whole operation process starts from the start of the battery stack 2: the external power source drives the air inlet fan 3 and the air outlet fan 4 to operate, air is forced to blow from the inlet side, enters each cathode chamber through the main air inlet channel 32 between the air inlet fan 3 and the battery stack 2. At the same time, high-purity hydrogen gas is continuously introduced into the anode side through the hydrogen gas inlet 111 on the end plate 11, hydrogen gas releases electrons and protons in the anode catalytic layer through oxidation reaction, electrons reach the cathode after doing work through the external circuit, and protons migrate to the cathode side through the proton exchange membrane, combine with electrons from the cathode chamber to generate water and heat, and the tail gas after reaction is discharged from the main air outlet channel 42 by the air outlet fan 4, and the anode reaction gas is discharged through the hydrogen gas outlet 112.

[0048] In this process, the temperature sensor 7 distributed in each cathode chamber monitors the local temperature rise in real time and transmits the data to the control system. When the battery stack 2 is in high load or high temperature working condition, the temperature of the cathode chamber rises rapidly, and the control system determines that the cooling needs to be strengthened, and then instructs the adjustment driver 62 to act, so that the rotating plate 61 in the main air inlet channel 32 and the main air outlet channel 42 swings outward to the limit position, i.e. the fully open state. The bypass passage 5 on both sides of the inlet frame 31 and the outlet frame 41 on the edge plate 12 is completely blocked, forcing all cooling air to flow through the inside of the cathode chamber, forming a straight-through air duct with high flow and high flow rate, maximizing the removal of reaction heat, effectively preventing local overheating, and ensuring efficient and stable electrochemical reaction.

[0049] Conversely, when the stack enters low load, steady state operation or lower ambient temperature, the heat production in the cathode chamber decreases, if still maintaining large volume of sweeping, dry air will take excessive moisture in the membrane, resulting in proton exchange membrane dehydration, internal resistance increases and even performance decay. At this time, the control system instructs the driver 62 to act, so that the rotating plate 61 gradually swings inwards, while the bypass passage 5 on the side plate 12 is opened. Part of the cooling air no longer directly penetrates the cathode chamber, but is shunted from both sides of the inlet frame 31 and flows through the bypass passage 5, and then merges into the main air outlet passage 42 through the outlet frame 41 on both sides. This circumferential cooling air flow can uniformly remove the heat accumulated on the side plate 12, avoid local hot spots, and reduce the direct sweeping intensity of the membrane electrode, maintaining the hydration state of the membrane.

[0050] In addition, the filter screen 311 provided on the inlet frame 31 and the outlet frame 41 effectively intercepts dust and impurities in the air, preventing them from entering the cathode chamber and causing blockage. The independent hydrogen inlet 111 and hydrogen outlet 112 provided on the end plate 11 ensure that the anode gas supply and the tail gas discharge do not interfere with each other, ensuring safe and efficient use of hydrogen.

[0051] Referring to Figures 3-10 As shown, two side plates 51 are symmetrically arranged on the periphery of the shell 1, and each of the side plates 51 and the shell 1 forms the bypass passage 5 therebetween. Each of the bypass passages 5 has an air outward leading passage 511 communicating with the main air inlet passage 32 and an air inward leading passage 512 communicating with the main air outlet passage 42.

[0052] When the cooling air is sent into the main air inlet passage 32 by the air inlet fan 3, if the air port adjusting assembly 6 is actuated to reduce the passage between the main air inlet passage 32 and the cathode chamber, the airflow will be shunted from the main air inlet passage 32, enter the gap between the side plate 51 and the shell 1, i.e. the bypass passage 5, through the air outward leading passage 511 on the inlet side.

[0053] Subsequently, the airflow flows axially along the periphery of the battery stack 2 to cool the outer surface of the shell 1. Finally, the cooled airflow passes through the air inward leading passage 512 on the outlet side to merge into the main air outlet passage 42, and is discharged by the air outlet fan 4. Thus, the two symmetrically arranged bypass passages 5 are automatically enabled when the main air passage is narrowed, forming two parallel external cooling circuits, achieving uniform and efficient heat dissipation of the entire shell 1 of the battery stack 2.

[0054] Referring to Figures 3-10 As shown, two drainage plates 52 are fixedly arranged on the inner side of the inlet frame 31 and the outlet frame 41 corresponding to each bypass passage 5, and the air outward leading passage 511 or the air inward leading passage 512 is formed between the two drainage plates 52.

[0055] When the cooling air flows through the area of the inlet frame 31, the gap between the two guide plates 52 constitutes an air outer guide channel 511, which guides part of the air flow from the main air inlet channel 32 to the bypass passage 5. Subsequently, the air flow flows along the outer periphery of the battery stack 2 to the area of the outlet frame 41, and then is orderly merged into the main air outlet channel 42 by the air inner guide channel 512 formed by the other pair of guide plates 52 inside the outlet frame 41.

[0056] During the whole process, the guide plates 52 ensure smooth distribution and efficient convergence of the air flow between the main channel and the bypass passage 5 with their fixed inclined posture and accurate spacing, avoiding vortex or blockage and ensuring stable operation of the bypass cooling path.

[0057] Referring to Figures 5-10 As shown, the two corresponding guide plates 52 are arranged in parallel and inclined to the wind direction, and each of the guide plates 52 has an end face capable of closely contacting the corresponding rotating plate 61.

[0058] When the rotating plate 61 is in a position to close the bypass passage 5, its outer surface closely contacts the abutting surface of the end of the guide plate 52, blocking the gap between the guide plates 52 and preventing the air flow from entering the bypass passage 5.

[0059] When the rotating plate 61 swings inward under the driving action, it gradually separates from the end face of the guide plate 52, forming an opening therebetween, so that the cooling air can flow from the main air inlet channel 32 into the bypass passage 5 through the space enclosed by the guide plates 52.

[0060] Through the dynamic abutting and separating of the rotating plate 61 and the end face of the guide plate 52, precise opening and closing control of the bypass air flow path is realized, and the inclined angle of the guide plate 52 is used to guide the smooth turning of the air flow, reducing flow loss.

[0061] Referring to Figures 4-10 As shown, the adjustment driver 62 includes a push plate 621 slidingly arranged on the corresponding frame along the inclined direction of the guide plate 52, and the end of the push plate 621 close to the rotating plate 61 abuts against the outer surface thereof. When the push plate 621 gradually pushes the rotating plate 61 inward, the push plate 621 and the guide plate 52 together constitute an air flow guide surface.

[0062] The push plate 621 is provided with a sliding portion 622, and the corresponding frame is provided with a sliding groove 6221 for slidingly arranging the sliding portion 622 therein.

[0063] The end of the push plate 621 away from the rotating plate 61 is provided with an electromagnetic structure, and the push plate 621 and the electromagnetic structure together constitute an electric push plate assembly.

[0064] The electromagnetic structure comprises a fixed electromagnet 6211 and a movable electromagnet 6212, the fixed electromagnet 6211 is fixedly connected with the flow guide plate 52, and the movable electromagnet 6212 is fixedly connected with the push plate 621.

[0065] When the push plate 621 slides inward under the driving action, the rotating plate 61 is pushed to rotate, and the upper surface of the push plate 621 and the inclined flow guide plate 52 jointly form a continuous air flow guide surface, guiding the cooling air to smoothly enter the bypass passage 5.

[0066] During the driving process, the magnetic force generated after the fixed electromagnet 6211 and the movable electromagnet 6212 are electrified drives the push plate 621 to accurately slide along the sliding groove 6221, so as to realize the rapid adjustment of the opening degree of the rotating plate 61 and complete the dynamic switching of the air flow distribution between the main passage and the bypass passage 5.

[0067] It should be noted that the electromagnetic driving mode using the fixed electromagnet 6211 and the movable electromagnet 6212 is only one way for the push plate 621 to realize linear driving, but is not limited thereto.

[0068] Referring to Figures 5-11 As shown, one end of the push plate 621 close to the rotating plate 61 is provided with a rubber block 623 abutting against the outer surface of the rotating plate 61.

[0069] When the push plate 621 slides inward along the sliding groove 6221, the pushing force is flexibly transmitted to the rotating plate 61 through the rubber block 623 to drive it to rotate, avoiding impact or jamming caused by rigid contact, ensuring that the rotating plate 61 moves smoothly and responds stably during swinging, so as to realize accurate and soft adjustment of the opening degree of the air port.

[0070] Referring to Figures 5-10 As shown, one end of the rotating plate 61 close to the battery stack 2 is provided with a rotating shaft 611 shaft-connected with the corresponding frame, and the inlet frame 31 and the outlet frame 41 are each provided with a limiting step 612 at the shaft-connected position corresponding to each rotating plate 61, to limit the rotating range of the rotating plate 61.

[0071] When the rotating plate 61 swings outward to the fully open position, the body thereof abuts against the limiting step 612 to stop. When it swings inward to the minimum opening degree position, it still abuts against the limiting step 612 to stop. By accurately limiting the rotating angle range of the rotating plate 61, it is ensured that it reliably operates within the preset stroke, preventing structural interference caused by excessive opening, and avoiding complete interruption of the main passage caused by excessive closing, so as to guarantee the stability and repeatability of air flow adjustment.

[0072] Referring to Figures 5-10As shown, the limiting step 612 has an outer limiting surface 6121 and an inner limiting surface 6122, when the rotating plate 61 contacts the outer limiting surface 6121, the rotating plate 61 is at the outer swing limit position, when the rotating plate 61 contacts the inner limiting surface 6122, the rotating plate 61 is at the inner swing limit position.

[0073] When the rotating plate 61 swings outward to the limit position under the driving action, its body contacts and is blocked by the outer limiting surface 6121, thereby determining the mechanical stop point of the full opening state.

[0074] When the rotating plate 61 swings inward to the limit position, it contacts and is limited by the inner limiting surface 6122, forming a stable stop point of the minimum opening degree. By precisely constraining the swing stroke of the rotating plate 61 through the two rigid limiting surfaces, it is ensured that it can reliably reciprocate within the preset angle range, avoiding overtravel or rebound, and providing precise and repeatable mechanical positioning for the opening and closing of the airflow passage.

[0075] Referring to Figures 4-10 As shown, the inlet frame 31 and the outlet frame 41 are provided with elastic connecting members 613 and elastic buffer members 614 on the outer surface of each rotating plate 61, when the rotating plate 61 swings outward to the limit position, the elastic connecting members 613 are in a stretched state, and the elastic buffer members 614 are in a compressed state.

[0076] The pulling force of the elastic connecting member 613 is greater than the elastic force of the elastic buffer member 614.

[0077] When the rotating plate 61 swings outward to the limit position and contacts the outer limiting surface 6121 of the limiting step 612, the elastic connecting member 613 remains in a stretched state, exerting an outward resetting pulling force on the rotating plate 61, while the elastic buffer member 614 is in a compressed state due to compression, absorbing impact energy and providing flexible support.

[0078] When the rotating plate 61 reaches the outer swing limit position, the rotating plate 61 is stably attached to the drainage plate 52 through the elastic connecting member 613, while relying on the elastic buffer member 614 to slow down the impact and prevent rigid collision, ensuring smooth operation and reducing noise.

[0079] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, the inlet fan 3 and the outlet fan 4 are each provided with a plurality of gaps, each two corresponding rotating plates 61 have gaps when they swing inward to the limit position.

[0080] When the pair of rotating plates 61 are synchronously inwardly pivoted to the limit position defined by the limit step 612 under the driving action, a fixed gap is still reserved between them. The gap constitutes the minimum flow cross section of the main air inlet channel 32 or the main air outlet channel 42, ensuring that even in the state that the bypass passage 5 is fully opened and the main channel is narrowed to the maximum extent, the cooling air can still continuously flow through the cathode cavity, maintaining the minimum ventilation required by the electric pile, avoiding the membrane electrode dehydration or local reaction stagnation caused by the air flow interruption, thereby ensuring the basic operating conditions of the electrochemical reaction while cooling the reinforced shell 1.

[0081] The present application sets a pair of inclined drainage plates 52 inside the inlet frame 31 and the outlet frame 41, and cooperates with the swingable rotating plate 61, to construct an external cooling circuit composed of the air external guiding channel 511, the bypass passage 5 and the air internal guiding channel 512. The rotating plate 61 is flexibly pushed by the push plate 621 through the rubber block 623, smoothly slides along the sliding groove 6221 to realize the opening degree adjustment, and forms a continuous air flow guiding surface with the drainage plate 52, guiding the cooling air to smoothly branch.

[0082] The swing stroke of the rotating plate 61 is rigidly limited by the outer limit surface 6121 and the inner limit surface 6122 of the limit step 612, corresponding to the stable stop points of full opening and minimum opening, respectively. When the rotating plate 61 is synchronously inwardly pivoted to the limit position, a fixed gap is reserved between them, constituting the minimum flow cross section of the main channel, ensuring that the cathode cavity always maintains the minimum ventilation. Combined with the real-time feedback of the cathode cavity temperature sensor 7, the control system dynamically switches the air flow distribution of the main channel and the bypass passage 5, strengthening the direct ventilation cooling at high temperature, and enabling the shell 1 bypass cooling at low temperature or steady state, taking into account the efficient heat dissipation, membrane hydration maintenance and electrochemical reaction stability.

[0083] The above embodiments only express one or several embodiments of the present application, and the description is more specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A wind-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management function, comprising a housing and a cell stack arranged in the housing, the cell stack having a plurality of cathode cavities distributed along the stacking direction of the cell stack, the cathode cavities having an inlet side for cooling air to flow in and an outlet side for cooling air to flow out; characterized in that Further comprising: an air inlet fan arranged at the inlet side for blowing cooling air into the cell stack, the housing being provided with an inlet frame for mounting the air inlet fan, a main air inlet channel being formed between the air inlet fan and the cell stack; an air outlet fan arranged at the outlet side for sucking and discharging exhaust gas flowing through the cell stack, the housing being provided with an outlet frame for mounting the air outlet fan, a main air outlet channel being formed between the air outlet fan and the cell stack; a bypass passage formed in the sidewall region of the housing between the inlet frame and the outlet frame for guiding cooling air to flow around the periphery of the cell stack; an air port adjusting assembly arranged in the main air inlet channel and the main air outlet channel respectively, comprising two rotating plates symmetrically arranged in the corresponding frames and an adjusting driver, when the two rotating plates are fully opened, the bypass passage is in a closed state, and when the two rotating plates are inwardly swung, the bypass passage is in an open state; a temperature sensor, at least one temperature sensor being arranged in each of the cathode cavities; two air guide plates being fixedly arranged on the inner side of the inlet frame and the outlet frame corresponding to each bypass passage, the two air guide plates being arranged to form an air outer guide channel or an air inner guide channel; the two corresponding air guide plates being arranged in parallel and windwardly inclined to each other, each of the air guide plates having an end surface capable of being in close contact with the corresponding rotating plate; the adjusting driver comprising a push plate slidingly arranged on the corresponding frame along the inclined direction of the air guide plate, one end of the push plate close to the rotating plate being in abutment with the outer surface of the rotating plate, the push plate and the air guide plate jointly forming an air flow guide surface when the push plate gradually pushes the rotating plate inwardly.

2. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management according to claim 1, characterized in that, two side plates being symmetrically arranged on the periphery of the housing, each of the side plates and the housing forming the bypass passage therebetween, each of the bypass passages having an air outer guide channel in communication with the main air inlet channel and an air inner guide channel in communication with the main air outlet channel.

3. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management according to claim 1, characterized in that, one end of the push plate close to the rotating plate being provided with a rubber block in abutment with the outer surface of the rotating plate.

4. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management according to claim 3, characterized in that, one end of the rotating plate close to the cell stack being provided with a rotating shaft in shaft connection with the corresponding frame, the inlet frame and the outlet frame being provided with a limiting step at the shaft connection position corresponding to each rotating plate, so as to limit the rotation range of the rotating plate.

5. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management according to claim 4, characterized in that, the limiting step having an outer limiting surface and an inner limiting surface, when the rotating plate is in contact with the outer limiting surface, the rotating plate is located at an outer swing limit position, and when the rotating plate is in contact with the inner limiting surface, the rotating plate is located at an inner swing limit position.

6. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management according to claim 5, characterized in that, the inlet frame and the outlet frame being provided with an elastic connecting member and an elastic buffer member on the outer surface of each rotating plate, when the rotating plate is swung outwardly to the limit position, the elastic connecting member is in a stretched state, and the elastic buffer member is in a compressed state.

7. The air-cooled hydrogen fuel cell stack with intelligent air flow management according to claim 1, characterized in that, the air inlet fan and the air outlet fan each being provided with a plurality of air inlet fans and air outlet fans, a gap being reserved when each of the two corresponding rotating plates is swung inwardly to the limit position.

Images