Accurate and adjustable high-voltage spark discharge system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electric spark discharge systems, in particular to an accurate and adjustable high-voltage electric spark discharge system and method, and the system comprises a direct-current power supply module which is used for providing a power supply for the system; the direct-current power supply module is connected with a circuit of the single-chip microcomputer control module and a loop of the trigger discharge module, and provides turn-on voltage for the high-voltage switch while supplying power to the single-chip microcomputer MCU; and the single-chip microcomputer control module is also used for controlling the charging on and off of the discharging device and controlling the discharging duration of the discharging device. According to the device, effective electrical isolation, controllable energy and a direct-current high-voltage discharge circuit can be realized by using conventional components, and the discharge voltage, the discharge power and the discharge time of the discharge device can be controlled through the single chip microcomputer control circuit, so that the discharge energy can be accurately controlled.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of electric spark discharge system, and particularly to a precisely adjustable high-voltage electric spark discharge system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In many industrial and scientific research scenarios, electric spark discharge technology needs to be used, but the traditional electric spark discharge system often cannot accurately adjust the discharge energy, resulting in low machining precision, unstable experimental results and other problems. Although some existing systems have certain adjustment capabilities, the adjustment process is complex and the reliability is low, which is difficult to meet the modern high-precision application requirements.

[0003] On the basis of the prior art, the present application develops an electric spark discharge system with adjustable energy, simple operation and stable performance. The system is composed of an upper computer and a lower computer without external power supply. The upper computer integrates a display screen to display the specific spark energy value, and is suitable for more high-precision physical experiments. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a precisely adjustable high-voltage electric spark discharge system and method.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a precisely adjustable high-voltage electric spark discharge system, comprising:

[0006] A DC power supply module for providing power supply for the system;

[0007] A single-chip microcomputer control module and a trigger discharge module, the DC power supply module is connected to the circuit of the single-chip microcomputer control module and the loop of the trigger discharge module, providing opening voltage for the single-chip microcomputer MCU and the high-voltage switch at the same time;

[0008] A discharge device, the single-chip microcomputer control module is further used to control the charging opening and shutdown of the discharge device, and control the discharge duration of the discharge device;

[0009] A capacitor selection module and a discharge slope control module, the single-chip microcomputer control module is further used to control the capacitor selection module to switch the appropriate energy capacitor according to the energy requirement, and control the discharge slope control module to perform discharge slope control, while providing a trigger signal for the loop of the trigger discharge module to close the high-voltage switch and complete the discharge;

[0010] A high-voltage isolation module, the high-voltage isolation module is connected with the trigger discharge module to prevent high-voltage from entering the low-voltage side to damage the single-chip microcomputer control circuit during the trigger discharge process;

[0011] A voltage sampling module is connected with the single-chip microcomputer control module and the trigger discharge module, and is used for sampling the charging voltage of the high-voltage capacitor and comparing the sampling result with the expected set voltage, so that the high-voltage capacitor can be discharged if the comparison result reaches the expectation.

[0012] A voltage boosting module is controlled by a relay to reach the expected set voltage value within a specified time after receiving a signal from an upper computer.

[0013] Preferably, the direct current power supply module specifically comprises a direct current power supply stabilizing module, an optoelectronic coupling control power supply module and a voltage conversion power supply module.

[0014] Preferably, the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side of the high-voltage isolation module transmit optical signals through optoelectronic isolation to avoid damage to the low-voltage side caused by high-voltage pulses.

[0015] Preferably, the high-voltage switch is a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor with high voltage resistance.

[0016] Preferably, the capacitors in the capacitor selection module are divided into four grades, and the capacitor selection module is controlled according to the specific energy value to select the appropriate capacitor capacity.

[0017] Preferably, the discharge slope control module comprises an adjustable resistor, and the required voltage is determined according to the discharge energy value, and the discharge slope is determined by comparing the voltage collected by the sampling circuit with the required voltage.

[0018] Preferably, the specific energy value of the discharge device is calculated by the formula , where E is the energy stored in the capacitor, C is the capacitor capacity (unit: F), and U is the charging voltage of the capacitor (unit: V).

[0019] After discharge, there is a residual voltage in the capacitor, and the residual voltage calculation formula is , Q r is the residual charge in the capacitor, and E r is the residual energy in the capacitor after discharge.

[0020] The actual discharge energy is , E T is the actual discharge energy, unit: J (Joule).

[0021] There is a constant K such that , K = 0.500-0.601.

[0022] Preferably, it further comprises:

[0023] An efficiency evaluation module is used for evaluating the discharge efficiency, and the discharge efficiency evaluation η is the ratio of the energy value measured at the discharge moment to the actual discharge energy.

[0024] Preferably, the single-chip microcomputer control module comprises:

[0025] The microprocessor, the memory, the timer, the single-chip microcomputer and the interface are used for controlling the opening interval of the high-voltage switch in the two channels, controlling the pulse signal of the photoelectric coupling to be closed, and then controlling the on-off of the high-voltage switch.

[0026] In a second aspect, a precisely adjustable high-voltage spark discharge method is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0027] Step one: each module of the system performs a power-on self-test to ensure that the controller, the high-voltage capacitor, the boost module, the high-voltage switch and the like are in a normal working state, and the control circuit checks whether each function of the control circuit is normal, such as data processing capability, a communication interface and the like, checks whether the high-voltage capacitor has abnormal conditions such as short circuit and leakage, and checks whether the input power supply of the boost module is stable and meets the requirements;

[0028] Step two: the user sets a specific energy value through a keyboard of the upper computer, and the MCU switches a suitable high-voltage energy storage capacitor according to the set value;

[0029] Step three: the main control unit sends a charging signal, sets a charging time, the single-chip microcomputer control circuit receives a discharge time signal from the upper computer and sends a signal to the lower computer, adjusts a high-voltage resistor for controlling discharge, and executes a control discharge slope instruction to meet actual requirements;

[0030] Step four: the internal control circuit outputs to make the boost module perform a boost operation on the input DC power supply through an internal transformer, a switching element and a control circuit to raise the input voltage to a required voltage. In this process, the charging time can be determined through a control program, and a feedback circuit is used to continuously monitor the voltage rising of the system to ensure stable voltage rising and avoid overshoot or fluctuation;

[0031] Step five: when a green charging completion indicator light of the upper computer is on, it indicates that the charging is completed, and a blue indicator light of the lower computer is on, indicating that the system is ready;

[0032] Step six: the feedback circuit is used for monitoring the output voltage of the boost circuit and feeding back information to the controller. A voltage dividing resistor network is used to divide the high-voltage output voltage to a range measurable by the controller, and then an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to convert the analog voltage signal into a digital signal input to the controller. The controller adjusts the duty cycle of the switching element according to the feedback signal to realize closed-loop control and ensure that the output voltage is stable at the target value.

[0033] Step seven: after the completion of the charging phase, the high-voltage capacitor stores the electric energy, and the discharge voltage is 8kV-20kV, the main control unit of the upper computer controls the discharge, transmits the signal to the lower computer control board, and when the two trigger discharge circuits of the lower computer control board receive the signal, the high-voltage switch is closed to complete the discharge, and the required scene generates an electric spark, at this time, the discharge indicator light of the upper computer is green, and the green indicator light of the lower computer control board is bright, indicating that a round of discharge is completed, at this time, the discharge energy near the discharge port is collected to evaluate the discharge efficiency;

[0034] Step eight: after completing a round of discharge, the single-chip microcomputer program is reset, at this time, the circuit supplying power to the single-chip microcomputer is reset, the relay is re-attracted, the indicator light of the lower computer control board is extinguished, and the charging and discharging button of the upper computer is extinguished, so as to prepare for the next round of charging.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] The present application provides a discharge device and a discharge system, which can realize effective electrical isolation, controllable energy and direct-current high-voltage discharge circuit by using conventional components, and can realize accurate control of discharge energy by controlling the discharge voltage, discharge power and discharge time of the discharge device through a single-chip microcomputer control circuit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a detailed working process schematic diagram of the discharge device of the present application.

[0038] Figure 2 It is an operation flow chart of the discharge device of the present application.

[0039] Figure 3 It is a working flow chart of each module of the discharge system of the present application.

[0040] Figure 4 It is a simplified principle diagram of each part of the discharge system of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following description is used to disclose the present application so that those skilled in the art can implement the present application. The preferred embodiments in the following description are only as examples, and other obvious modifications can be thought of by those skilled in the art.

[0042] As Figures 1 to 4 shown in a kind of precise adjustable high-voltage electric spark discharge system, comprising:

[0043] Direct-current power supply module for providing power supply for system;

[0044] The single-chip microcomputer control module and the trigger discharge module, the direct current power supply module connects the circuit of the single-chip microcomputer control module and the loop of the trigger discharge module, and provides the opening voltage for the high-voltage switch while supplying power for the single-chip microcomputer MCU;

[0045] The discharge device, the single-chip microcomputer control module is further used for controlling the charging opening and closing of the discharge device, and controlling the discharge duration of the discharge device;

[0046] The capacitor selection module and the discharge slope control module, the single-chip microcomputer control module is further used for controlling the capacitor selection module to switch the capacitor with appropriate energy according to the energy requirement, and for controlling the discharge slope control module to perform the discharge slope control, and at the same time providing the trigger signal for the loop of the trigger discharge module to make the high-voltage switch close, to complete the discharge;

[0047] The high-voltage isolation module, the high-voltage isolation module is connected with the trigger discharge module, and prevents the high-voltage from running into the low-voltage side to cause damage to the single-chip microcomputer control circuit during the trigger discharge;

[0048] The voltage sampling module, connected with the single-chip microcomputer control module and the trigger discharge module, is used for sampling the charging voltage of the high-voltage capacitor and comparing with the expected set voltage, and if the comparison result reaches the expectation, the discharge can be performed;

[0049] The voltage sampling module, connected with the single-chip microcomputer control module and the trigger discharge module, is used for sampling the charging voltage of the high-voltage capacitor and comparing with the expected set voltage, and if the comparison result reaches the expectation, the discharge can be performed;

[0050] The voltage sampling module, connected with the single-chip microcomputer control module and the trigger discharge module, is used for sampling the charging voltage of the high-voltage capacitor and comparing with the expected set voltage, and if the comparison result reaches the expectation, the discharge can be performed;

[0051] The direct current power supply module specifically includes a direct current power supply voltage stabilizing module, an optoelectronic coupling control power supply module and a voltage conversion power supply module;

[0052] The high-voltage side and the low-voltage side of the high-voltage isolation module transmit the light signal through the optoelectronic isolation to avoid damage to the low-voltage side caused by the high-voltage pulse;

[0053] The energy calculation formula is as follows:

[0054] (1)

[0055] In formula (1), E T is the actual discharge energy (J); λ is a dimensionless parameter ranging from 0.25 to 0.30; C is the total capacitor capacity (F); U is the charging voltage of the capacitor (V), and U0 is the final constant voltage value of the energy storage element after the discharge is completed;

[0056] The specific energy value of the discharging device is calculated by the formula , wherein E is the energy stored in the capacitor, C is the capacitor capacity (unit: F), and U is the charging voltage of the capacitor (unit: V);

[0057] There is a residual voltage in the capacitor after discharging, and the residual voltage calculation formula is , wherein Qr is the residual charge in the capacitor, and Er is the residual energy in the capacitor after discharging;

[0058] The actual discharging energy is , wherein ET is the actual discharging energy, and the unit is J (joule);

[0059] There is a constant K, so that , K = 0.500-0.601.

[0060] The principle of the capacitor selection and discharging slope control circuit is shown in the reference diagram as Figure 4 ;

[0061] The single-chip microcomputer control circuit includes a microprocessor, a memory, a timer, and an interface. The single-chip microcomputer is used to control the opening interval of the two-channel high-voltage switch. The pulse signal is controlled by the timer to make the photoelectric coupling closed, thereby controlling the on-off of the high-voltage switch.

[0062] The single-chip microcomputer control circuit can switch to a suitable capacitor value according to user needs. By comparing the sampled voltage with the set value, the accuracy of the selected capacitor value is determined.

[0063] The output end DC power supply is used to supply power to the single-chip microcomputer control module. At the same time, two trigger BNC interfaces are led out through the voltage stabilizing circuit. The voltage of the voltage stabilizing circuit is adjustable. The two-way signal is provided at the same time of triggering discharge to expand the use scenarios of users.

[0064] The host computer and the lower computer use RS-485 communication transmission. The combination of a balanced driver and a differential receiver is used to transmit data through two lines. The sending end divides the signal into positive and negative signals. The receiving end judges the data by comparing the difference between the two signals. It can effectively eliminate common mode interference and improve the anti-noise interference ability. The maximum data transmission rate can reach 10 Mbps. When the transmission speed is 1200 m, the transmission speed can reach 100 Kbps. In order to enable the slave computer to accurately receive the control signal of the host computer, the remote controllable ignition operation is realized.

[0065] After receiving the signal sent by the host computer, the voltage boosting module is controlled by the relay to make it reach the expected set voltage value within a specified time.

[0066] The voltage boosting module stores the electric quantity into the high-voltage capacitor for discharging. This device adopts a capacitor value with adjustable capacity, so that the discharging energy can be adjusted, and the device can meet more use scenarios.

[0067] The capacitance is divided into four grades in the capacitance selection module, and the capacitance selection module is controlled according to the specific energy value to compare and select a suitable capacitance capacity;

[0068] The discharge system achieves the effect of discharge by breaking the air medium, and thus the spark energy can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the discharge needles. In the embodiment, the distance between the discharge needles is 1 mm;

[0069] The discharge slope control is achieved by controlling and adjusting the resistance value of the discharge resistor to control the discharge slope. The discharge slope is determined by comparing the voltage collected by the sampling circuit with the required voltage.

[0070] The high-voltage switch is a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, which has a controllable on-voltage and good isolation effect.

[0071] The discharge efficiency evaluation is achieved by collecting signals near the discharge needle by a sensor, calculating the actual discharge energy, processing the actual discharge energy by an MCU, comparing the actual discharge energy with the expected generated energy, and displaying the discharge efficiency on the display screen of the upper computer.

[0072] A precise and adjustable high-voltage spark discharge method

[0073] First, the system modules perform power-on self-test to ensure that the controller, high-voltage capacitor, boost module, high-voltage switch, and the like are in normal working state. The control circuit checks whether the functions of the control circuit are normal, such as data processing capability, communication interface, and the like.

[0074] Check whether the high-voltage capacitor has abnormal conditions such as short circuit and leakage.

[0075] Check whether the input power of the boost module is stable and meets the requirements.

[0076] Second, the user sets the specific energy value through the keyboard of the upper computer, and the MCU switches the appropriate high-voltage energy storage capacitor according to the set value.

[0077] Third, the main control unit sends a charging signal to set the required charging time.

[0078] The single-chip microcomputer control circuit receives the discharge time signal from the upper computer and sends a signal to the lower computer. By adjusting the high-voltage resistor for controlling discharge, the control discharge slope instruction is executed to meet the actual demand.

[0079] Fourth, the internal control circuit outputs to make the boost module perform the boost operation on the input voltage to the required voltage through the internal transformer, switching element, and control circuit.

[0080] In this process, the charging time can be determined by the control program, and the feedback circuit is used to continuously monitor the voltage rise of the system, to ensure the stable rise of the voltage and avoid overshoot or fluctuation.

[0081] In the fifth step, when the green light of the upper computer charging completion indicator light is on, it indicates that the charging is completed, and the blue indicator light of the lower computer is on, indicating that the system is ready.

[0082] In the sixth step, the feedback circuit is used to monitor the output voltage of the boost circuit and feed back the information to the controller. A voltage dividing resistor network is used to divide the high voltage output voltage to a range that can be measured by the controller, and then an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to convert the analog voltage signal into a digital signal input to the controller.

[0083] The controller adjusts the duty cycle of the switching element according to the feedback signal to realize closed-loop control and ensure that the output voltage is stable at the target value.

[0084] In the seventh step, after the charging phase is completed, the high voltage capacitor stores energy, and the discharge voltage is 8kV-20kV. The main control unit of the upper computer controls the discharge, and the signal is transmitted to the lower computer control board. When the two trigger discharge circuits of the lower computer control board receive the signal, a high level is output to make the high voltage switch close to complete the discharge.

[0085] The required scene generates an electric spark, at this time the upper computer discharge indicator light is bright green, and the lower computer control board green indicator light is bright, indicating that a round of discharge is completed.

[0086] At this time, the discharge energy near the discharge port is collected to evaluate the discharge efficiency

[0087] In the eighth step, after completing a round of discharge, the single-chip microcomputer program is reset, at this time the circuit supplying power to the single-chip microcomputer is reset, the relay is re-attracted, the lower computer control board indicator light is extinguished, and the upper computer charging and discharging button is extinguished, to make sufficient preparation for the next round of charging.

[0088] The present application provides a discharge device and a discharge system, which can realize effective electrical isolation, controllable energy and direct current high voltage discharge circuit by using conventional components. The discharge voltage, discharge power and discharge time of the discharge device can be controlled by the single-chip microcomputer control circuit, so that the discharge energy can be accurately controlled.

[0089] The technical solutions provided by the present application are described in detail above. The present embodiment discloses a double-channel discharge system with adjustable energy and controllable delay. Through experiments, it has been verified that the system is stable and reliable and can meet the needs of various scenes such as experiments.

[0090] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and the above-mentioned embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only the principles of the present application. Various changes and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed present application.

Claims

1. A precisely adjustable high-voltage electric spark discharge system, characterized in that, include: DC power supply module, used to provide power to the system; The microcontroller control module and the trigger discharge module are provided. The DC power supply module connects the circuit of the microcontroller control module and the circuit of the trigger discharge module, providing power to the microcontroller MCU and providing the opening voltage to the high-voltage switch. The discharge device, wherein the microcontroller control module is also used to control the charging start and stop of the discharge device, and to control the discharge duration of the discharge device; The microcontroller control module is also used to control the capacitor selection module to switch to a capacitor with appropriate energy according to the energy requirements, and to control the discharge slope control module to perform discharge slope control. At the same time, it provides a trigger signal to the circuit of the trigger discharge module to close the high voltage switch and complete the discharge. A high-voltage isolation module is connected to the trigger discharge module to prevent high-voltage electricity from entering the low-voltage side and damaging the microcontroller control circuit during the trigger discharge process. The voltage sampling module is connected to the microcontroller control module and the trigger discharge module. It is used to sample the charging voltage of the high-voltage capacitor and compare it with the expected set voltage. If the comparison result meets the expectation, it can be discharged. The boost module receives a signal from the host computer and is controlled by a relay to reach the expected set voltage value within a specified time.

2. The precisely adjustable high-voltage spark discharge system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DC power supply module specifically includes a DC power supply regulator module, an optocoupler control power supply module, and a voltage conversion power supply module.

3. The precisely adjustable high-voltage spark discharge system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The high-voltage isolation module transmits optical signals through opto-isolation between the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side to prevent high-voltage pulses from damaging the low-voltage side.

4. The precisely adjustable high-voltage electric spark discharge system and method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The high-voltage switch is a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor with high voltage resistance.

5. The precisely adjustable high-voltage spark discharge system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The capacitor selection module has four capacitor levels, and the module compares the values ​​based on the specific energy values ​​to select the appropriate capacitor capacity.

6. The precisely adjustable high-voltage spark discharge system and method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The discharge slope control module includes an adjustable resistor, determines the required voltage based on the discharge energy value, and determines the discharge slope by comparing the voltage collected by the sampling circuit with the required voltage.

7. A precisely adjustable high-voltage spark discharge system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The specific energy value calculation formula for the discharge device is as follows: Where E is the energy stored in the capacitor, C is the capacitance (in F), and U is the charging voltage of the capacitor (in V). After discharge, a residual voltage will remain in the capacitor. The formula for calculating the residual voltage is as follows: Q r E represents the amount of charge remaining in the capacitor. r This refers to the energy remaining in the capacitor after discharge. The actual discharge energy is E T The actual discharge energy is expressed in J (joules). There exists a constant K such that K = 0.500-0.

601.

8. A precisely adjustable high-voltage spark discharge system according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: The efficiency evaluation module is used to evaluate discharge efficiency. The discharge efficiency evaluation η is the ratio of the energy value measured at the moment of discharge to the actual discharge energy.

9. A precisely adjustable high-voltage spark discharge system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The microcontroller control module includes: The system includes a microprocessor, a memory, a timer, a microcontroller, and an interface. The microcontroller controls the opening interval of the high-voltage switches in the two channels. The timer controls a pulse signal to close the optocoupler, thereby controlling the on / off state of the high-voltage switches.

10. A precisely adjustable high-voltage spark discharge method, applicable to the precisely adjustable high-voltage spark discharge system described in claim 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Each module of the system performs a power-on self-test to ensure that the controller, high-voltage capacitor, boost module, high-voltage switch, etc. are in normal working condition. The control circuit will check whether its various functions are normal, such as data processing capability and communication interface, check whether there are any abnormalities such as short circuit or leakage in the high-voltage capacitor, and check whether the input power supply of the boost module is stable and meets the requirements. Step 2: The user sets the required specific energy value via the host computer keyboard, and the MCU switches the appropriate high-voltage energy storage capacitor according to the set value; Step 3: The main control unit sends a charging signal and sets the charging time. The microcontroller control circuit receives the discharge time signal from the host computer and sends a signal to the slave computer. By adjusting the high voltage resistor controlling the discharge, the discharge slope control command is executed to meet the actual needs. Step 4: The internal control circuit outputs the boost module to boost the input DC power supply to the required voltage through the internal transformer, switching elements and control circuit. During this process, the charging time can be determined by the control program, and the feedback circuit continuously monitors the voltage rise of the system to ensure stable voltage rise and avoid overshoot or fluctuation. Step 5: When the green indicator light on the host computer is on, it means that charging is complete. At the same time, the blue indicator light on the slave computer is on, indicating that the system is ready. Step Six: The feedback circuit is used to monitor the output voltage of the boost circuit and feed the information back to the controller. A voltage divider resistor network is used to divide the high voltage output voltage to the range that the controller can measure. Then, the analog voltage signal is converted into a digital signal by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and input to the controller. The controller adjusts the duty cycle of the switching elements according to the feedback signal to achieve closed-loop control and ensure that the output voltage is stable at the target value. Step 7: After the charging stage is completed, the high-voltage capacitor stores electrical energy, so that the discharge voltage is between 8kV and 20kV. The main control unit of the host computer controls the discharge and transmits the signal to the lower computer control board. When the two circuits that trigger the discharge on the lower computer control board receive the signal, they output a high level, so that the high-voltage switch closes to complete the discharge. The required scene generates an electric spark. At this time, the discharge indicator light on the host computer is green, and the green indicator light on the lower computer control board is also on, indicating that one round of discharge is completed. At this time, the discharge energy is collected near the discharge port to evaluate the discharge efficiency. Step 8: After completing one round of discharge, the microcontroller program is reset. At this time, the circuit that supplies power to the microcontroller is reset, the relay is reactivated, the indicator light on the lower-level control board is turned off, and the charging and discharging buttons on the upper-level computer are turned off, making full preparations for the next round of charging.

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