Method and milling machine for machining concave profiles

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for machining a concave contour (CNT), in particular a recess or a circular recess in a workpiece (WPC), by means of a milling cutter (MLN) of a milling machine (MLM), in which the milling cutter (MLN) can be rotated about a tool axis (TLX), in which the rotating milling cutter (MLN) is guided along a movement path (PTH) during a machining operation, the one or more cutting edges (CTE) of the milling cutter (MLN) are caused to remove material of the workpiece (WPC), thereby forming a profile (CNT). In order to accelerate the production of the concave profile (CNT), the invention proposes that the tool axis (TLX) of the milling cutter (MLN) is inclined with respect to the movement trajectory (PTH) in such a way that the milling cutter (MLN) removes material from the workpiece (WPC) only with a cutting edge (CTE) that is forward (FRT) along the movement trajectory (PTH) in the current direction of movement and does not remove material from the workpiece (WPC) with a cutting edge (CTE) that is located rearward (BCK) along the movement trajectory (PTH) in the current direction of movement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for machining concave contours, particularly for creating recesses or circular recesses in a workpiece using a milling cutter on a milling machine. The milling cutter can rotate about the tool axis, and the rotating milling cutter is guided along a motion trajectory during the machining process, so that one or more cutting edges of the milling cutter remove material from the workpiece, thereby forming the profile. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machining, a recess is a cavity structure introduced into a workpiece through milling. Milling is typically performed using a milling cutter of a specific shape to create a specific recess profile. Recesses can be used to assemble specific parts or components into a workpiece or to remove specific areas. Recesses can be milled to different sizes and depths, and usually require specialized milling tools and machining strategies.

[0003] A circular recess is a special type of depression or cavity in a workpiece, formed by circular milling. Circular recesses can also serve as starting points for subsequent machining, such as thread milling or drilling, and can be milled to various sizes and depths.

[0004] A machine tool is a machine that processes materials such as metal, wood, or plastic to shape and size workpieces. The most important representative types include lathes and milling machines, etching equipment, and mechanical presses and hammers used for forging. This invention relates to a machining method implemented using a milling machine.

[0005] A profile is used to describe the external shape or surface of an object. According to the present invention, the profile of a recess refers to the geometry of the interface between the workpiece material and the environmental medium (typically air).

[0006] Currently, the process of creating circular recesses in workpieces is very slow. The first approach involves pre-drilling a starting hole, which requires additional tools and tool changes.

[0007] Alternatively or additionally, a circular recess can be created using a slow triaxial helical motion, wherein the portion of the end mill that remains engaged in the direction of motion remains engaged and produces "backcutting" due to the axial feed of the helical motion. This backcutting phenomenon necessitates setting the feed rate very slowly.

[0008] Both of the above machining strategies and their combinations are very time-consuming, due to the need for additional tool changes and / or the necessity of using slow machining processes.

[0009] Traditionally, there has been no faster solution for manufacturing concave contours in workpieces, especially circular recesses.

[0010] As can be seen from EP 0 264 673 A1, when milling a linear motion trajectory, the tool axis of the milling cutter is inclined relative to the direction of motion during the movement along the linear motion trajectory.

[0011] According to US 2012 / 0207869 A1, a groove is created by end milling using a specially designed milling tool with a spiral motion trajectory.

[0012] As can be seen from EP 2 586 551 A1, a disc milling cutter is used to mill a curved cavity-shaped groove with a circular cross-section. Summary of the Invention

[0013] Based on the problems and disadvantages of the existing technology described above, the object of the present invention is to further develop the method defined above in order to avoid the aforementioned problems and disadvantages. In particular, the object of the present invention is to provide a faster method for manufacturing concave contours, recesses, and especially circular recesses.

[0014] To achieve the aforementioned objective according to the invention, a method as defined above is proposed, having additional features of the characterizing portion of independent claim 1. Furthermore, the invention also proposes a milling machine configured accordingly for implementing the method.

[0015] Specifically, a method of the aforementioned type is proposed, wherein the tool axis of the milling cutter is set at an angle relative to the motion trajectory, such that the milling cutter removes material from the workpiece only using the cutting edge in front of the current motion direction along the motion trajectory, while the cutting edge behind the current motion direction along the motion trajectory does not remove material from the workpiece.

[0016] A preferred application area of ​​the present invention specifies that the motion trajectory includes a curved segment (e.g., Figure 1 As shown in the figure). Here, it is particularly preferred that the motion trajectory is spatially curved (e.g., as shown in the figure). Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this makes milling of the recess possible, especially along the helical motion trajectory of the milling cutter or along the spiral motion trajectory of the milling cutter, especially along a circular helix.

[0017] Here, it is particularly preferred that the tilt angle of the tool axis be continuously adjusted during the movement along the curved motion trajectory segment. This continuous adjustment is naturally necessary when the curved motion trajectory of the end mill is used to create concave contours, such as for milling recesses, while simultaneously satisfying the requirement according to the invention that the tool axis of the end mill is tilted relative to the motion trajectory, such that the end mill removes material from the workpiece only using the cutting edge located in front of the current direction of movement along the motion trajectory, while the cutting edge located behind the current direction of movement does not remove material from the workpiece. Particularly preferred is that the curvature of the motion trajectory is at least piecewise continuous, especially piecewise continuous spatial curvature. The curved motion trajectory segment as understood in this invention refers to the movement of the end mill along the curved motion trajectory segment during the manufacturing process over a certain time and a certain path length. In contrast, this is not merely a point curvature or corner of the motion trajectory. During the phase of traversing such a curved segment, the tilt of the tool axis is continuously necessary to satisfy the tool axis orientation requirement of the invention, thereby avoiding undesirable back-cutting phenomena.

[0018] In conventional machining, using a simple forward-tilting end mill, a collision occurs between the end mill and the upper edge of the recess when the recess reaches a certain depth. Therefore, this invention stipulates that when machining grooves or recesses, especially circular recesses, the end mill should be tilted towards a central axis extending along the depth direction to avoid such collisions. For circular recesses, this central axis can also be called the circular recess axis or the circular recess depth axis. Since the end mill moves along a circumferentially extending trajectory, this tilt direction changes continuously during machining. This achieves dynamic adjustment—or tracking adjustment—of the end mill's tilt angle. In this way, the end mill will not collide with the upper edge of the recess.

[0019] An advantageous improvement of the invention specifies that, upon reaching the target depth, the milling cutter is adjusted so that the bottom of the recess can be machined or processed according to the desired geometry. In particular, the bottom of the recess can be planar milled, especially by circular motion or by circumferential motion during milling. Preferably, this method flattens the spherical bottom resulting from the inclined arrangement of the milling cutter axis according to the invention.

[0020] For this purpose, a particularly suitable provision is that the tool axis is tilted forward at a sufficient angle in the direction of motion, such that the center end face of the end face of the milling cutter is at least parallel to the tangent of the motion trajectory, thereby preventing the rearward cutting edge of the milling cutter from cutting or back-cutting due to the basic axial feed in the depth of profile direction. Preferably, the rake angle is chosen to be slightly larger so that the rearward cutting edge is more safely prevented from making cutting contact with the material.

[0021] To prevent the milling cutter from colliding with the contour sidewalls due to its rake angle, the tool axis is tilted towards the surface normal of the concave contour at the point of contact between the milling cutter and the material. In this way, the area of ​​the milling cutter near the tool holder avoids the machined sidewalls in the contour. To simplify—for easier spatial visualization—the movement of the milling machine's driven tool in a concave groove can be likened to a chef using a wrist movement (the handle tilting towards the center of the bowl) to stir the contents (concave contour) of the bowl with a spoon (the cutter is the spoon, the handle is the tool axis), keeping the spoon tilted so that the handle is always slightly ahead of the spoon. Therefore, the tool only cuts using the required portion of the front of the milling cutter in the direction of movement, allowing for high feed rates. Consequently, the manufacturing time for concave contours is shorter than with traditional methods. On a five-axis machine tool, the movement of the milling cutter appears different to a spatially fixed observer because the tool's movement is partly achieved through the rotation and oscillation of the machine tool table and partly through the translation of the tool spindle.

[0022] In this invention, a milling cutter is a cutting tool used for cutting materials such as metal, plastic, or wood. A milling cutter consists of one or more rotating cutting edges and is typically mounted on a rotary spindle. Milling cutters are used in milling machines, which hold the workpiece and control the movement of the cutter. End mills have a cylindrical or conical shape and are commonly used in milling machines. The shank of a milling cutter is designed to be clamped in a clamping sleeve or chuck of the machine tool. There are various types of end mills, including face mills, slot mills, and ball end mills, which can be used for a wide range of milling operations.

[0023] An advantageous improvement of the present invention is that the cutting edge located in front along the movement trajectory in the direction of movement is a cutting edge located in the circumferential direction of the milling cutter relative to the tool axis relative to the direction of movement along the movement trajectory, with an absolute value of up to 90°, and the cutting edge located behind is a cutting edge that forms an angle with the direction of movement along the movement trajectory with an absolute value of more than 90°.

[0024] An advantageous improvement of the present invention specifies that, during the material removal process of a milling machine, the current contact point of the milling cutter on the concave contour material to be machined defines the zero point of a vertical three-dimensional coordinate system. The surface normal of the concave contour at the contact point between the milling cutter and the material defines a first axis of the coordinate system, and the tangent at the contact point on the motion trajectory defines a second axis of the coordinate system. A third axis of the coordinate system is arranged perpendicular to the first and second axes. The tool axis is inclined relative to the motion trajectory, such that the projection of the tool axis in the plane coordinate system formed by the second and third axes forms an angle of less than 90° with the second axis in the first quadrant of the plane coordinate system. The tool axis is also inclined relative to the first axis, such that the projection of the tool axis in the plane coordinate system formed by the first and third axes forms an angle of less than 90° with the first axis in the first quadrant of the plane coordinate system.

[0025] An advantageous improvement of the present invention is that the contour has cylindrical sidewalls and the movement trajectory is a spiral. According to the present invention, the tool axis is inclined forward in the direction of movement. Simultaneously, the tool axis is always inclined towards the center of the circular recess.

[0026] An advantageous improvement of the present invention is that it is used to process a contour having a flat bottom surface and sidewalls perpendicular to the bottom surface, wherein the milling cutter is a cylindrical end mill, the first method stage is to process according to any one of the preceding claims, the second method stage is to arrange the tool axis perpendicular to the bottom surface in the area of ​​the flat bottom surface to be processed, and to mill the sidewalls by the lateral cutting edge of the end mill, and the third method stage is to perform planar milling on the flat bottom surface by the end face of the end mill.

[0027] The milling machine prepared for implementing this method is particularly advantageously configured as a five-axis milling machine. In this case, it is suitable to provide three translational axes of the tool holder, one oscillating axis of the machine table, and one rotary axis of the machine table.

[0028] In principle, this method can be implemented using, for example, an end mill, a toroidal end mill, a ball end mill, or a barrel end mill. Preferably, the end mill is a cylindrical end mill. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Other features, properties, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 A schematic perspective view of the milling machine and the workpiece during the implementation of the method of the present invention. Figure 2 : A flowchart illustrating the steps of the method according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Figure 1 An exemplary illustration is shown of a milling machine (MLM) implementing the method according to the invention, which involves machining a concave profile (CNT) in a workpiece (WPC) using a milling cutter (MLN) fixed in the tool holder (TRC) of the MLM. Here, the profile can have a cross-section that varies arbitrarily with the depth of the profile, as long as the profile remains concave. A plane can also be used as a component of the profile. In particular, a recessed portion, such as a circular recess, can be a profile with a constant cross-section in the depth direction.

[0031] The milling machine MLM here refers to a five-axis milling machine MLM, which has three translational feed axes TMX of the tool holder TRC, a oscillating axis TRX of the machine table MTB, and a rotary axis RTX of the machine table MTB. The workpiece WPC is mounted or clamped on the machine table MTB in a manner not shown in detail. The end mill MLN is a cylindrical end mill SFM.

[0032] The end mill MLN rotates about the tool axis TLX and is guided by a motion path PTH during the machining operation. The motion path PTH is designed here to cause one or more cutting edges CTE of the end mill MLN to remove material from the workpiece WPC, thereby forming the profile CNT.

[0033] The key to this invention lies in the fact that the tool axis TLX of the end mill MLN is inclined relative to the motion trajectory PTH in such a way that the end mill MLN removes material from the workpiece WPC only using the cutting edge CTE located at the front (FRT) along the current motion direction of the motion trajectory PTH, while the cutting edge CTEs located at the rear (BCK) along the current motion direction of the motion trajectory PTH do not remove material from the workpiece WPC. Here, the cutting edge CTE located at the "front" refers to those located on the circumferential (CDR) axis of the end mill MLN relative to the tool axis TLX, within an absolute angle range of 90° with respect to the motion direction along the motion trajectory PTH. Correspondingly, the remaining cutting edge GTEs located at the rear (BCK) are those forming an angle greater than 90° with respect to the motion direction along the motion trajectory PTH.

[0034] To perform a more accurate analysis of the spatial tilt positioning of the milling cutter in this method, it is advisable to consider a coordinate system that follows the motion trajectory PTH.

[0035] The current contact point TPT of the end mill MLN on the concave profile CNT material to be machined is the zero point ZRO of the vertical three-dimensional coordinate system CDS. The surface normal SEN of the concave profile CNT at the contact point TPT between the end mill MLN and the material is the first axis AX1 of the coordinate system CDS. The tangent TGT of the motion trajectory PTH at the contact point TPT is the second axis AX2 of the coordinate system CDS. The third axis AX3 of the coordinate system CDS is arranged perpendicular to the first axis AX1 and the second axis AX2. Based on this definition, the orientation of the tool axis TLX relative to the motion trajectory PTH can be defined as the following inclination: the first projection PJ1 of the tool axis TLX in the plane of the plane coordinate system CDS formed by the second axis AX2 and the third axis AX3 forms a first angle AG1 of less than 90° with the second axis AX2 in the first quadrant QD1 of the plane coordinate system CDS. The difference between this inclination angle and 90° can be intuitively called the rake angle of the end mill MLN in the direction of the motion trajectory PTH.

[0036] Furthermore, the tool axis TLX is tilted relative to the first axis AX1 as follows: the projection of the tool axis TLX into the plane of the coordinate system CDS formed by the first axis AX1 and the third axis AX3 forms an angle of less than 90° with the first axis AX1 in the first quadrant QD1 of the coordinate system CDS. This angular deviation MIA of the tool axis relative to the instantaneous third axis AX3, also known as center tilt, prevents the milling cutter from colliding with the milled contour due to the rake angle. Since these angles depend on the position of the contact point, the motion generated by the milling cutter is similar to the oscillating motion of the milling cutter along the motion trajectory. This oscillation only applies to the relative motion of the milling cutter with respect to the workpiece. On a five-axis machine tool, the motion trajectory is achieved partly through the rotation and oscillation of the machine tool table and partly through the translation of the tool spindle. Therefore, absolutely—that is, for a spatially fixed observer—no oscillation motion is generated.

[0037] The motion trajectory is suitable for spiraling along the contour in the depth direction of the contour, while simultaneously removing material.

[0038] When the profile CNT is a circular recess with cylindrical sidewalls SWL, the motion trajectory PTH is a helix HLX with a circular cross-section. This process creates a thread-like pattern on the sidewalls SWL in this case. If this rough milling quality is not required, the milling cutter MLN can then be upright, and the sidewalls SWL can be milled to a finish quality—with relatively little material removal.

[0039] In principle, it is possible as follows Figure 2 As shown, machining is performed in three method stages: MS1, MS2, and MS3. In the first method stage, MS1, machining is performed using a double tool axis tilt—as previously described.

[0040] In the second method stage MS2, the tool axis TLX is vertically aligned with the bottom surface GRA within the flat bottom surface to be machined, and the side wall SWL is milled using the side cutting edge GTE of the end mill SEM.

[0041] In the third method stage MS3, the flat bottom surface GRA is planar milled using the end face FTS of the end mill SEM.

[0042] The machining process for creating a circular recess can, by way of example, include the following instructions (SPF or MPF file) sent to a milling machine equipped with a Siemens CNC system—in this case, 5-axis machining—which determine the angle at which the milling cutter's spatial tilt is achieved as described in this invention. This program or subroutine is an example for a Siemens CNC system, but in principle, it can be equally applied to any other control system. The selected diameter, depth, tilt angle, and feed per revolution parameters are passed to the Siemens CNC system (Sinumerik) subroutine via line N10 in the main program.

[0043] Spiral - Five-axis machining

[0044] N10 PROC HELIX08 (REAL_DURCH, REAL_TIEF, REAL_SCHRAE, REAL_STEP) SAVESBLOF DISPLOF

[0045] N20 DEF REAL APOSX

[0046] N30 DEF REAL APOSY

[0047] N40 DEF REAL APOSZ

[0048] N50 DEF REAL_KPOSZ

[0049] N60 DEF REAL_KENDZ

[0050] N70 DEF REAL_WINK

[0051] N80 DEF REAL_VORWI

[0052] N90 DEF REAL CHECK

[0053] N100 DEF REAL_ORGDURCH

[0054] N110 DEF REAL_MDURCH

[0055] N120_APOSX= AA_IW [X]

[0056] N130_APOSY= AA_IW [Y]

[0057] N140_APOSZ= AA_IW [Z]

[0058] N150_KPOSZ=_APOSZ

[0059] N160_WINK=0

[0060] N170_VORWI=_SCHRAE

[0061] N180_ORGDURCH=_DURCH

[0062] N190 MDURCH=0

[0063] If you need to run it multiple times, please press Start.

[0064] N200 CYCLE832 (0.05, _ROUGH, 1)

[0065] N210 WIED2:

[0066] N220 _MDURCH=_MDURCH+ 1

[0067] N230 IF(_MDURCH P_TOOLR 2) <(_ORGDURCH-2) P_TOOLR)

[0068] N240_DURCH = (_MDURCH+1) ( P_TOOLR 2)

[0069] N250 ELSE

[0070] N260_DURCH=_ORGDURCH

[0071] N270 ENDIF

[0072] N280 STOPRE

[0073] If you need to run the program multiple times, please click "End".

[0074] Check - Are the parameters reasonable (WKZ DM? Too deep? Necessary tilt angle?) - Start

[0075] N290 IF_SCHRAE<=(ATAN2 (STEP,(0.75 2 3.14 (_DURCH / 2- P_TOOLR))));If the tilt angle is too low

[0076] N300_SCHRAE=ATAN2 (_STEP, (0.75 2 3.14 (_DURCH / 2- P_TOOLR))); Tilt Angle_Setting

[0077] N310 ENDIF

[0078] N320_VORWI=_SCHRAE

[0079] N330_CHECK= (_DURCH-( P_TOOLR 2)) / (SQRT ((sin (_SCHRAE) sin (_SCHRAE)) 2))

[0080] N340 IF_CHECK<=_TIEF

[0081] N350 MSG ("Too deep for the required adjustments")

[0082] N360 M0

[0083] N370 M30

[0084] N380 ENDIF

[0085] Check - Are the parameters reasonable (WKZ DM?, too deep?, necessary tilt angle?) - End

[0086] Move to the starting position to begin.

[0087] N390 TRAORI

[0088] N400 OTOL=0.1

[0089] N410 ORISON

[0090] N420 FGREF [C] = (_DURCH); Rotation speed converts the angle per unit time into the path per unit time.

[0091] N430 _DURCH=_DURCH / 2- P_TOOLR; the center trajectory of the helix diameter - the radius starts from here!

[0092] N440 _KPOSZ=_KPOSZ+sin(_SCHRAE) P_TOOLR; Adjusts height correction.

[0093] N450 _KENDZ=_APOSZ+(-1) _TIEF+sin(_SCHRAE) P_TOOLR; performs depth correction through adjustment.

[0094] N460 Gl X=_APOSX+COS (0) _DURCH

[0095] Y = _APOSY + SIN (0) _DURCH; Move to the starting position

[0096] N470 Gl Z=_KPOSZ A3=(COS(_WINK+180-_VORWI) TAN(_SCHRAE))

[0097] B3 = (SIN (_WINK+180-_VORWI) TAN(_SCHRAE)

[0098] C3 = (cos (_SCHRAE))

[0099] Adjust the height of the correction to adjust the movement until the end.

[0100] ; The circular spiral trajectory begins

[0101] N490 STOPRE

[0102] N500 MARK1:

[0103] N510_WINK=_WINK+ (360 / (6.28 _DURCH 2))

[0104] N520_KPOSZ=_KPOSZ-(_STEP / (360 / (360 / (6.28 _DURCH 2))))

[0105] N530 IF_KPOSZ<_KENDZ

[0106] N540_KPOSZ=_KENDZ

[0107] N550 ENDIF

[0108] N560 Gl X=_ APOSX+COS (_WINK) _DURCH

[0109] Y = _APOSY + SIN (_WINK) _DURCH Z=_KPOSZ

[0110] A3= (SIN (_WINK+180+45+_VORWI) tan(_SCHRAE))

[0111] B3 = (SIN (_WINK+90+45+_VORWI) TAN(_SCHRAE))

[0112] C3 = (cos (_SCHRAE))

[0113] N570 IF (_WINK+ (360 / (6.28 _DURCH 2)))<360

[0114] N580 GOTOB MARK1

[0115] N590 ENDIF

[0116] N600 IF_KPOSZ> (_KENDZ)

[0117] N610_WINK=0

[0118] N620 GOTOB MARK1

[0119] N630 ENDIF

[0120] The cyclic spiral path ends.

[0121] ; As the adjustment cycle decreases to the final depth - start

[0122] N640_DURCH= ((DURCH / 2) (cos(_SCHRAE)) cos(_SCHRAE)) 2

[0123] N650_WINK=0

[0124] N660 SPRUNG:

[0125] N670_WINK=_WINK+ (360 / ( 6.28 _DURCH 2))

[0126] N680 Gl X=_APOSX+COS (_WINK) _DURCH

[0127] Y = _APOSY + SIN (_WINK) _DURCH

[0128] Z = _KENDZ + ((sin(_WINK / 4)) (sin(_SCHRAE) P_TOOLR))

[0129] A3=(cos(_WINK / 4)) (COS(_WINK+180-_VORWI) tan (_SCHRAE))

[0130] B3=(cos(_WINK / 4)) (SIN(_WINK+180-_VORWI) TAN(_SCHRAE) )

[0131] C3 = (cos(_SCHRAE))

[0132] N690 IF (_WINK) <= 360

[0133] N700 GOTOB SPRUNG

[0134] N710 ENDIF

[0135] ; as the adjustment cycle decreases to the final depth

[0136] Loop to final depth without adjustment - Start

[0137] N720_WINK=0

[0138] N730 SPRUNG:

[0139] N740_WINK=_WINK+ (360 / (6.28 _DURCH 2))

[0140] N750 Gl X=_APOSX+COS(_WINK) _DURCH

[0141] Y = _APOSY + SIN(_WINK) _DURCH Z=_KENDZ-

[0142] (sin (_SCHRAE) P_TOOLR) A3=0 B3=0 C3=l

[0143] N760 IF (_WINK) <= 360

[0144] N770 GOTOB SPRUNG

[0145] N780 ENDIF

[0146] Loop to final depth - End

[0147] Return to starting position - Start

[0148] N790 Gl Z=_APOSZ

[0149] N800 Gl X=_APOSX Y=_APOSY A3=0 B3=0 C3=l

[0150] Return to starting position - End

[0151] If run multiple times

[0152] N810 IF(_MDURCH P_TOOLR 2) <(_ORGDURCH-

[0153] 2 If P_TOOLR is returned to the initial state, a jump to return may occur.

[0154] N820_KPOSZ=_APOSZ

[0155] N830_WINK=0

[0156] N840 GOTOB WIED2

[0157] N850 ENDIF

[0158] N860 TRAFOOF

[0159] N870 FGREF[C]=10

[0160] N880 M17

[0161] Regardless of the grammatical gender of a particular term, it includes people who are male, female, or of other gender identities.

Claims

1. A method for machining a concave profile (CNT) by cutting with a milling cutter (MLN) on a milling machine (MLM), wherein the concave profile is particularly a recess or circular recess in a workpiece (WPC), in, The end mill (MLN) is capable of rotating about the tool axis (TLX). During the machining operation, the milling cutter (MLN) is guided to rotate along a motion path (PTH), such that one or more cutting edges (CTE) of the milling cutter (MLN) remove material from the workpiece (WPC) to form the profile (CNT). Its features are, The tool axis (TLX) of the milling cutter (MLN) is tilted relative to the motion path (PTH) such that the milling cutter (MLN) removes material from the workpiece (WPC) only using the cutting edge (CTE) located in front (FRT) along the current direction of motion of the motion path (PTH), and the cutting edge (CTE) located behind (BCK) along the current direction of motion of the motion path (PTH) does not remove material from the workpiece (WPC).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The motion trajectory includes curved segments. During the movement along the curved segment of the motion trajectory (PTH), the tilt of the tool axis (TLX) is continuously adjusted such that the tool axis (TLX) of the milling cutter (MLN) is tilted relative to the motion trajectory (PTH), so that the milling cutter (MLN) removes material from the workpiece (WPC) only using the cutting edge (CTE) located in front (FRT) along the current direction of movement of the motion trajectory (PTH), and the cutting edge (CTE) located behind (BCK) along the current direction of movement of the motion trajectory (PTH) does not remove material from the workpiece (WPC).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The cutting edge (CTE) located in front (FRT) along the motion trajectory (PTH) in the direction of motion is a cutting edge (CTE) located in the circumferential direction (CDR) of the end mill (MLN) relative to the tool axis (TLX) relative to the direction of motion along the motion trajectory (PTH), with an absolute value up to 90°, and the cutting edge (CTE) located behind (BCK) is a cutting edge that forms an angle with the direction of motion along the motion trajectory (PTH) with an absolute value exceeding 90°.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The current contact point (TPT) of the milling cutter (MLN) on the material of the concave profile (CNT) to be machined defines the zero point (ZRO) of the vertical three-dimensional coordinate system (CDS). The concave profile (CNT) to be machined is defined by the surface normal (SFN) at the contact point (TPT) between the milling cutter (MLN) and the material, which defines the first axis (AX1) of the coordinate system (CDS). The tangent (TGT) at the contact point (TPT) on the motion trajectory (PTH) defines the second axis (AX2) of the coordinate system (CDS), and the third axis (AX3) of the coordinate system (CDS) is arranged perpendicular to the first axis (AX1) and the second axis (AX2). Wherein, the tool axis (TLX) is tilted relative to the motion trajectory (PTH), such that in the first quadrant (QD1) of the plane coordinate system (CDS), the first projection (PJ1) of the tool axis (TLX) in the plane coordinate system (CDS) formed by the second axis (AX2) and the third axis (AX3) forms a first angle (AG1) of less than 90° with respect to the second axis (AX2). The tool axis (TLX) is tilted relative to the first axis (AX1) such that the projection of the tool axis (TLX) in the plane of the coordinate system (CDS) formed by the first axis and the third axis (AX3) forms an angle of less than 90° between the tool axis (TLX) and the first axis (AX1) in the first quadrant (QD1) of the coordinate system (CDS).

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The profile (CNT) has cylindrical sidewalls (SWL), and the motion trajectory (PTH) is a spiral (HLX).

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, the method being used to manufacture a profile (CNT) having a flat bottom surface (GRA) and sidewalls (SWL) perpendicular to the bottom surface (GRA). in, The milling cutter (MLN) is a cylindrical end mill (SFM). The first method stage (MS1) specifies that processing is performed according to the method described in any one of the preceding claims. The second method stage (MS2) specifies that the tool axis (TLX) is arranged perpendicular to the bottom surface (GRA) in the area of ​​the flat bottom surface (GRA) to be machined, and the sidewall (SWL) is milled by the lateral cutting edge (CTE) of the end mill (SFM). The third method stage (MS3) specifies that the flat bottom surface (GRA) is planar milled using the end face (FTS) of the end mill (SFM).

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The milling machine (MLM) is a five-axis milling machine (MLM).

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The system includes three translation feed axes (TMX) with a tool holder (TRC), a oscillating axis (TRX) of the machine tool table (MTB), and a rotary axis (RTX) of the machine tool table (MTB).

9. A milling machine (MLM), particularly a five-axis milling machine (MLM), said milling machine being designed and configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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