Waveform design for half-duplex single-base sensing

Abstract

Techniques are provided for defining waveforms for half-duplex single-base radio frequency (RF) sensing. An example method for performing an RF sensing operation includes receiving auxiliary data for the RF sensing operation, the auxiliary data including at least a waveform time domain parameter and a waveform periodicity parameter; and performing a radio frequency sensing operation using the waveform time domain parameter and the waveform periodicity parameter.

Description

[0001] Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Application No. 18 / 359,058 entitled, “WAVEFORM DESIGNS FOR HALF-DUPLEX MONOSTATIC SENSING,” filed July 26, 2023, assigned to the assignee hereof, and which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety as if fully set forth below for all purposes. BACKGROUND

[0003] Wireless communication systems have developed through several generations, including first-generation analog wireless telephones, second-generation (2G) digital wireless telephones, third-generation (3G) high speed data, Internet-capable wireless phones, and fourth-generation (4G) long-term evolution (LTE) wireless systems. There are many different types of wireless communication systems in use including cellular and personal communications service (PCS) systems. Examples of known cellular systems include the cellular analog advanced mobile phone system (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), global system for mobile communication (GSM), and so on.

[0004] A fifth generation (5G) wireless standard, referred to as New Radio (NR), requires higher data transfer speeds, greater numbers of connected devices, and better coverage than the fourth generation (4G) standard. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, 5G wireless systems should provide data transfer rates up to 10 megabits per second (Mbps) to support simultaneous voice, video, and Internet access for several hundred thousand users over one square kilometer. In addition, 5G systems should provide access to share content in real-time, such as music or video, among several SUMMARY

[0005] An example method for performing RF sensing operations according to the present disclosure includes: receiving auxiliary data for the RF sensing operation, the auxiliary data including at least waveform time-domain parameters and waveform periodicity parameters; and performing the RF sensing operation using the waveform time-domain parameters and the waveform periodicity parameters.

[0006] An example method for providing radio frequency sensing auxiliary data according to the present disclosure includes: receiving radio frequency sensing information from a wireless node; generating auxiliary data based on the radio frequency sensing information, wherein the auxiliary data includes at least waveform time-domain parameters and waveform periodic parameters; and providing the auxiliary data to the wireless node.

[0007] The items and / or technologies described herein may provide one or more of the following capabilities, as well as others not mentioned. Wireless nodes may be able to transmit and / or receive radio frequency (RF) sensing signals. Wireless nodes may use the same receiver for both communication and RF sensing operations. The waveform used for half-duplex single-base sensing may be based on the capabilities of the RF sensing application and / or the wireless node. The duration of the RF sensing pulse and the periodicity of the waveform may be configured by the wireless node or network entity. The half-duplex single-base sensing waveform may be configured based on a parameter set of an OFDM or CP-OFDM scheme. RF sensing operations may be multiplexed with communication operations. A hybrid parameter set may be used to implement both communication and RF sensing operations. Half-duplex operation can reduce costs by decreasing the complexity of components in the wireless node and avoiding the self-interference problems associated with full-duplex RF sensing. Other capabilities may be provided, and not every specific embodiment according to this disclosure is required to provide any, let alone all, of the capabilities discussed. Attached Figure Description

[0008] The accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate examples of one or more aspects of the disclosed subject matter, and these drawings are provided merely to demonstrate the examples and not to limit the scope thereof: Figure 1 An example wireless communication system is shown.

[0009] Figure 2A and Figure 2B An example wireless network architecture is shown.

[0010] Figures 3A-3C It is a simplified block diagram of several sample components that can be used in wireless communication nodes and configured to support communication.

[0011] Figure 4A An example monobase RF sensing system is illustrated.

[0012] Figure 4B An example bistatic RF sensing system is illustrated.

[0013] Figure 5This is an example diagram showing the RF channel response over time.

[0014] Figure 6 This is an example timing diagram used for communication and monobase RF sensing signals.

[0015] Figure 7 It is a diagram of an example set of frequency domain parameters that includes different subcarrier spacings (SCS) and associated time slots and symbols.

[0016] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example RF sensing signal over time for a symbol in a Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) scheme.

[0017] Figure 9 This is an example of an RF sensing signal in a CP-OFDM scheme with a mixed parameter set.

[0018] Figure 10 This is an example of RF sensing with a pulse train compatible with cyclic prefixes and CP-OFDM symbols.

[0019] Figure 11A This is a sample message flowchart for providing on-demand RF sensing configuration information.

[0020] Figure 11B This is a sample message flowchart used to provide RF sensing configuration information for network assignment.

[0021] Figure 12 This is an example use case diagram for RF sensing security applications.

[0022] Figure 13 This is an example process flowchart for a method used to perform RF sensing operations.

[0023] Figure 14 This is an example process flowchart for a method of providing auxiliary data for RF sensing. Detailed Implementation

[0024] This paper provides techniques for defining waveforms for half-duplex single-base radio frequency (RF) sensing. Generally, RF sensing can be viewed as consumer-grade radar with advanced detection capabilities. For example, RF sensing can be used in applications such as security (e.g., intruder detection), health monitoring (e.g., heart rate detection, respiratory rate monitoring, etc.), gesture recognition (e.g., human activity recognition, typing detection, sign language recognition), contextual information acquisition (e.g., location detection / tracking, direction finding, range assessment), and automotive radar (e.g., intelligent cruise control, collision avoidance). In this example, RF signals (such as 3GPP NR FR2 / FR2x / FR4) are particularly suitable for range detection applications. The systems and methods presented in this paper utilize different waveform designs to enable mobile devices to perform half-duplex single-base RF sensing.

[0025] In one example, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveforms can be used for joint communications and RF sensing use cases (e.g., joint communications and sensing). OFDM can be used to implement in-band multiplexing between communication channels and other cellular reference signals and physical layer (PHY) channels. User equipment (UE), including a receiver and a transmitter, can be configured to perform half-duplex single-base sensing by turning off the receiver while the transmitter is operating and turning off the transmitter while the receiver is operating. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the UE can be configured to perform time division multiplexing (TDM) between sensing bursts and communication symbol transmissions. Additionally, in some embodiments, the sensing bursts may be compatible with Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM).

[0026] Generally, for long-range sensing, waveforms with pulse compression capabilities and long signal durations can be utilized. For example, frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) waveforms and OFDM waveforms with NR parameter sets can be configured to meet link budget requirements with limited peak power. However, long-duration sensing signals implicitly require sensing nodes (e.g., UEs, base stations) capable of full-duplex operation. Not all sensing nodes may be capable of full-duplex operation. The techniques presented herein utilize half-duplex operation for monostatic sensing of both long and short ranges. Half-duplex sensing schemes can also be used for short-range target sensing without Doppler evaluation or with low-resolution Doppler evaluation. In the examples, the sensing signal span in the time domain can be reduced in cases where there is no Doppler evaluation requirement or with low-resolution Doppler evaluation. Furthermore, since half-duplex operation avoids problems associated with self-interference, range and angle assessment of static objects can be achieved. Doppler measurements can be evaluated using half-duplex monostatic sensing techniques. These techniques and configurations are examples, and other techniques and configurations can be used.

[0027] Various aspects of this disclosure are provided in the following description and accompanying drawings of various examples provided for illustrative purposes. Alternative aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, well-known elements of this disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of this disclosure.

[0028] The terms “exemplary” and / or “example” are used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other aspects. Similarly, the term “aspects of this disclosure” does not require that all aspects of this disclosure include the features, advantages, or modes of operation discussed.

[0029] Those skilled in the art will understand that any of a variety of different techniques and methods can be used to represent the information and signals described below. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the following description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, and so on.

[0030] Furthermore, many aspects are described according to a sequence of actions to be performed by elements of, for example, a computing device. It will be appreciated that the various actions described herein can be performed by specific circuitry (e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), by program instructions executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, the sequence of actions described herein can be considered to be entirely embodied in any form of non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a corresponding set of computer instructions that, when executed, will cause or command the associated processor of the device to perform the functionality described herein. Therefore, various aspects of this disclosure can be embodied in a variety of different forms, all of which are contemplated within the scope of the claimed subject matter. Furthermore, for each aspect described herein, any corresponding form of any such aspect may be described herein as, for example, "logic configured to perform the described actions."

[0031] As used herein, the terms “User Equipment” (UE) and “Base Station” (BS) are not intended to be specific to or otherwise limited to any particular Radio Access Technology (RAT) unless otherwise stated. Generally, a UE can be any wireless communication device used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network (e.g., mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, tracking device, wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., car, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.). A UE can be mobile or can (e.g., at certain times) be stationary and can communicate with a Radio Access Network (RAN). As used herein, the term “UE” can be interchangeably referred to as “Access Terminal” or “AT,” “Client Equipment,” “Wireless Equipment,” “Subscriber Equipment,” “Subscriber Terminal,” “Subscriber Station,” “User Terminal” or “UT,” “Mobile Equipment,” “Mobile Terminal,” “Mobile Station,” or variations thereof. Generally, a UE can communicate with a core network via the RAN, and through the core network, a UE can connect to external networks such as the Internet and to other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UE, such as wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (e.g., based on IEEE 802.11, etc.), and so on.

[0032] A base station may operate according to one of several RATs to communicate with the UE, depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may alternatively be referred to as an Access Point (AP), Network Node, Node B, Evolved Node B (eNB), Next Generation eNB (ng-eNB), New Radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as gNB or gNodeB), etc. The base station may primarily be used to support the UE's radio access, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the supported UE. In some systems, the base station may only provide edge node signaling functions, while in others, it may provide additional control and / or network management functions. The communication link through which the UE can transmit signals to the base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., reverse traffic channel, reverse control channel, access channel, etc.). The communication link through which the base station can transmit signals to the UE is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., paging channel, control channel, broadcast channel, forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term "traffic channel (TCH)" may refer to an uplink / reverse traffic channel or a downlink / forward traffic channel.

[0033] The term "base station" can refer to a single physical transmit / receive point (TRP) or multiple physical TRPs that may be co-located or non-co-located. For example, when the term "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP can be the antenna of a base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. When the term "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP can be the antenna array of a base station (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming). When the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP can be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected via a transmission medium to a common source) or a remote radio headend (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, a non-co-located physical TRP can be the serving base station from which a measurement report is received from a UE and a neighboring base station from which the UE is measuring its reference RF signal (or simply "reference signal"). As used in this article, a TRP is the point by which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, so any mention of transmitting from or receiving at a base station should be understood as referring to a specific TRP of the base station.

[0034] In some specific implementations supporting UE positioning, the base station may not support the UE's radio access (e.g., it may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the UE), but may instead transmit reference signals to the UE for measurement and / or receive and measure signals transmitted by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., in the case of transmitting signals to the UE) and / or as a location measurement unit (e.g., in the case of receiving and measuring signals from the UE).

[0035] An “RF signal” refers to an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transmits information across the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may send a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal” where the context clearly indicates that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.

[0036] refer to Figure 1An example wireless communication system 100 is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 and various UEs 104. Base stations 102 may include macrocell base stations (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low-power cellular base stations). In one aspect, macrocell base stations may include eNBs and / or ng-eNBs (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an LTE network) or gNBs (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network) or a combination of both, and small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0037] Base stations 102 can collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) via backhaul link 122, and connect to one or more location servers 172 (which may be part of or outside the core network 170) via the core network 170. Among other functions, base stations 102 can perform functions associated with one or more of the following: delivering user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, location, and delivery of warning messages. Base stations 102 can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via EPC / 5GC) on backhaul link 134, which can be wired or wireless.

[0038] Base station 102 can wirelessly communicate with UE 104. Each base station in base station 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. In one aspect, one or more cells can be supported by base station 102 in each geographic coverage area 110. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., on a frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.) and can be associated with an identifier (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCI), Cell Global Identifier (CGI)) to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells can be configured according to different protocol types that can provide access for different types of UEs (e.g., Machine Type Communication (MTC), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), or other protocol types). Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term “cell” can refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station supporting the logical communication entity, depending on the context. Furthermore, since the TRP is typically the physical transmission point of a cell, the terms "cell" and "TRP" can be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term "cell" can also refer to the geographical coverage area of ​​a base station (e.g., a sector), as long as the carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within a portion of the geographical coverage area 110.

[0039] While the geographic coverage areas 110 of adjacent macro cell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in handover areas), some areas within geographic coverage areas 110 may substantially overlap with larger geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' may have a geographic coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the geographic coverage areas 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell base stations and macro cell base stations can be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home eNB (HeNB) that can provide service to a restricted group referred to as a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG).

[0040] The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or downlink (also known as forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. Communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna techniques, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. Communication link 120 may use one or more carrier frequencies. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric for downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink compared to the uplink).

[0041] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a WLAN access point (AP) 150 that communicates with a wireless local area network (WLAN) station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or WLAN AP 150 may perform a free channel assessment (CCA) or listen-before-talk (LBT) process before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0042] Small cell base station 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cell base station 102' can employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as WLAN AP 150. Small cell base station 102' employing LTE / 5G in unlicensed spectrum can improve the coverage and / or increase the capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as NR-U. LTE in unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as LTE-U, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), or MulteFire.

[0043] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a millimeter-wave (mmW) base station 180, which can operate at mmW and / or near-mmW frequencies to communicate with the UE 182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that contains radio frequency (RF). EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz, with wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band can be referred to as millimeter waves. Near-mmW extends down to 3 GHz with wavelengths of 100 mm. Ultra-high frequency (SHF) bands extend between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, and are also referred to as centimeter waves. Communication using mmW / near-mmW radio bands has high path loss and relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 can utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) on the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Furthermore, it should be understood that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also use mmW or near-mmW and beamforming for transmission. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing examples are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0044] Transmit beamforming is a technique used to focus RF signals in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectionally). Using transmit beamforming, the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thus providing the receiving device with a faster and stronger RF signal (in terms of data rate). To change the directivity of the RF signal during transmission, the network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of one or more transmitters broadcasting the RF signal. For example, the network node can use an array of antennas (called a "phased array" or "antenna array") that forms an RF beam that can be "manipulated" to be pointed in different directions without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, RF currents from the transmitters are fed to the individual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that radio waves from the individual antennas add together in the desired direction to increase radiation, while canceling each other out in the undesired direction to suppress radiation.

[0045] Transmit beams can be quasi-co-located, meaning they have the same parameters for the receiver (e.g., UE), regardless of whether the transmit antennas of the network nodes are physically co-located. In NR, there are four types of quasi-co-located (QCL) relationships. Specifically, a given type of QCL relationship means that certain parameters of a second reference RF signal on a second beam can be derived based on information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. Therefore, if the source reference RF signal is QCL type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is of type QCL D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial reception parameters of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0046] In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a receive beam to amplify an RF signal detected on a given channel. For example, the receiver may increase the gain setting of an antenna array in a particular direction and / or adjust the phase setting of the antenna array in a particular direction to amplify the RF signal received from that direction (e.g., increase its gain level). Therefore, when a receiver is described as performing beamforming in a certain direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along other directions, or that the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain of all other receive beams available to the receiver in that direction. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signal received from that direction.

[0047] The receive beam can be spatially dependent. Spatial dependency means that parameters for the transmit beam for the second reference signal can be derived based on information about the receive beam for the first reference signal. For example, the UE can use a specific receive beam to receive one or more reference downlink reference signals (e.g., Position Reference Signal (PRS), Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), Cell Specific Reference Signal (CRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), etc.) from the base station. The UE can then form a transmit beam based on the parameters of the receive beam to transmit one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., Uplink Position Reference Signal (UL-PRS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), PTRS, etc.) to the base station.

[0048] It is important to note that, depending on the entity forming the "downlink" beam, the beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if the base station is forming a downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to the UE, the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if the UE is forming a downlink beam, the downlink beam is a receive beam for receiving the downlink reference signal. Similarly, depending on the entity forming the "uplink" beam, the beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if the base station is forming an uplink beam, the uplink beam is an uplink receive beam, while if the UE is forming an uplink beam, the uplink beam is an uplink transmit beam.

[0049] In 5G, the spectrum in which radio nodes (e.g., base stations 102 / 180, UE 104 / 182) operate is divided into multiple frequency ranges: FR1 (from 450MHz to 6000MHz), FR2 (from 24250MHz to 52600MHz), FR3 (above 52600MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). In multi-carrier systems such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the “primary carrier” or “anchor carrier” or “primary serving cell” or “PCell,” and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as “secondary carriers” or “secondary serving cells” or “SCell.” In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) used by UE 104 / 182 and the cell, where UE 104 / 182 performs an initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates an RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels and can be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). The secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that can be configured and used to provide additional radio resources once an RRC connection is established between UE 104 and the anchor carrier. In some cases, the secondary carrier can be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only the necessary signaling information and signals; for example, since the primary uplink and primary downlink carriers are typically UE-specific, those UE-specific signaling information and signals may not be present in the secondary carrier. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 within a cell can have different downlink primary carriers. The same applies to the uplink primary carrier. The network can change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Since a “serving cell” (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to the carrier frequency / component carrier through which a base station communicates, the terms “cell,” “serving cell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0050] For example, still refer to Figure 1 One of the frequencies used by macro cell base station 102 can be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and the other frequencies used by macro cell base station 102 and / or mmW base station 180 can be secondary carriers ("SCell"). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception on multiple carriers allows UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rates. For example, compared to the data rate obtained by a single 20MHz carrier, two aggregated 20MHz carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in a doubling of the data rate (i.e., 40MHz).

[0051] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a UE 164, which can communicate with the macro cell base station 102 via communication link 120 and / or with the mmW base station 180 via mmW communication link 184. For example, the macro cell base station 102 may support PCells and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0052] The wireless communication system 100 may also include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, which are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as "side links"). Figure 1 In one example, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of UEs 104 connected to one of the base stations in base station 102 (e.g., UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity through this D2D P2P link), and has a D2D P2P link 194 with a WLAN STA 152 connected to WLAN AP 150 (UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity through this D2D P2P link). In one example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can be supported by any well-known D2D RAT, such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), Bluetooth, etc. ® wait.

[0053] refer to Figure 2A An example wireless network architecture 200 is illustrated. For example, the 5GC 210 (also referred to as the Next Generation Core (NGC)) can be functionally considered as control plane functions 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and user plane functions 212 (e.g., UE gateway functions, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.), which operate collaboratively to form the core network. A user plane interface (NG-U) 213 and a control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect the gNB 222 to the 5GC 210, and specifically to control plane functions 214 and user plane functions 212. In an additional configuration, the ng-eNB 224 can also connect to the 5GC 210 via the NG-C 215 to control plane function 214 and the NG-U 213 to user plane function 212. Furthermore, the ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with the gNB 222 via a backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, the new RAN 220 may have only one or more gNB 222s, while other configurations include one or more of both ng-eNB 224 and gNB 222. gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 can be used with UE 204 (e.g.,Figure 1 The UE 204 can communicate with any UE depicted in the diagram. Another optional aspect may include a location server 230 that can communicate with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance to the UE 204. The location server 230 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server. The location server 230 may be configured to support one or more location services for UE 204 that can be connected to the location server 230 via the core network, the 5GC 210, and / or via the Internet (not illustrated). Furthermore, the location server 230 may be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively, may be external to the core network.

[0054] refer to Figure 2B Another example wireless network architecture 250 is shown. For example, 5GC 260 can be functionally considered as a control plane function (provided by Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 264) and a user plane function (provided by User Plane Function (UPF) 262), which operate cooperatively to form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260). User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect ng-eNB 224 to 5GC 260, and specifically to UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively. In an additional configuration, gNB 222 can also connect to 5GC 260 via control plane interface 265 to AMF 264 and user plane interface 263 to UPF 262. Furthermore, ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with gNB 222 via backhaul connection 223, with or without a direct gNB connection to 5GC 260. In some configurations, the new RAN 220 may have only one or more gNB 222s, while other configurations include one or more of both ng-eNB 224 and gNB 222. The gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 can be used with UE204 (e.g., Figure 1 The base station of the new RAN 220 communicates with the AMF 264 via the N2 interface and with the UPF 262 via the N3 interface.

[0055] The functions of AMF 264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transmission of Session Management (SM) messages between UE 204 and Session Management Function (SMF) 266, transparent proxy service for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, transmission of Short Message Service (SMS) messages between UE 204 and Short Message Service Function (SMSF) (not shown), and Security Anchor Functionality (SEAF). AMF 264 also interacts with Authentication Server Function (AUSF) (not shown) and UE 204, and receives an intermediate key established as a result of the UE 204 authentication process. In the case of authentication based on the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Subscriber Identity Module (USIM), AMF 264 retrieves security material from the AUSSF. The functions of AMF 264 also include Security Context Management (SCM). The SCM receives a key from the SEAF and uses this key to derive an access network-specific key. The functionality of AMF 264 also includes location service management for regulatory services, transmission of location service messages between UE 204 and Location Management Function (LMF) 270 (which acts as location server 230), transmission of location service messages between the new RAN 220 and LMF 270, EPS bearer identifier allocation for interoperability with Evolved Packet Systems (EPS), and UE 204 mobility event notification. Furthermore, AMF 264 also supports functionality for non-3GPP access networks.

[0056] The functions of UPF 262 include: acting as an anchor point for intra-RAT / inter-RAT mobility (where applicable), acting as an external Protocol Data Unit (PDU) session point interconnecting to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for user plane (e.g., uplink / downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in downlink), uplink traffic verification (Service Data Flow (SDF) to QoS Flow mapping), transport-level packet marking in uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and delivering and forwarding one or more "end markers" to the source RAN node. UPF 262 may also support the transmission of location service messages on the user plane between UE 204 and a location server (such as Secure User Plane Positioning (SUPL) Location Platform (SLP) 272).

[0057] The functions of SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, service orientation configuration at UPF 262 for routing services to the correct destination, partial control of policy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification. The interface through which SMF 266 communicates with AMF 264 is called the N11 interface.

[0058] Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270, which can communicate with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance to the UE 204. The LMF 270 can be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server. The LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more location services for the UE 204, which can connect to the LMF 270 via the core network, the 5GC 260, and / or via the Internet (not illustrated). The SLP 272 may support similar functionality to the LMF 270, but while the LMF 270 can communicate with the AMF 264, the new RAN 220, and the UE 204 on the control plane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols designed to deliver signaling messages rather than voice or data), the SLP 272 can communicate with the UE 204 and external clients on the user plane (e.g., using protocols designed to carry voice and / or data, such as Transmit Control Protocol (TCP) and / or IP). Figure 2B (Not shown in the image) communicates.

[0059] On one hand, the LMF 270 and / or SLP 272 can be integrated into base stations (such as gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224). When integrated into gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224, the LMF 270 and / or SLP 272 may be referred to as a “Location Management Component” or “LMC”. However, as used herein, references to LMF 270 and SLP 272 include both cases where LMF 270 and SLP 272 are components of the core network (e.g., 5GC 260) and cases where LMF 270 and SLP 272 are components of the base station.

[0060] refer to Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3CThe diagram illustrates several example components (represented by corresponding boxes) that can be incorporated into UE 302 (which may correspond to any UE described herein), base station 304 (which may correspond to any base station described herein), and network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any network function described herein, including location server 230 and LMF 270) to support file transmission operations. It should be understood that these components can be implemented in different specific implementations in different types of devices (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system-on-a-chip (SoC), etc.). The illustrated components can also be incorporated into other devices in a communication system. For example, other devices in the system may include components similar to those described as providing similar functionality. Furthermore, a given device may contain one or more of these components. For example, a device may include multiple transceiver components that enable the device to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate via different technologies.

[0061] Both UE 302 and base station 304 include wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, configured to communicate via one or more wireless communication networks (such as NR networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, etc.) (not shown). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, to communicate with other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNB, gNB), etc.) via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) through a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., a certain set of time / frequency resources in a specific spectrum). WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can be configured in different ways to transmit and encode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.) according to the designated RAT, and conversely, to receive and decode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.), respectively. In particular, transceivers 310 and 350 each include one or more transmitters 314 and 354 (for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively) and one or more receivers 312 and 352 (for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively).

[0062] In at least some cases, UE 302 and base station 304 also include wireless local area network (WLAN) transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. WLAN transceivers 320 and 360 can be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, to communicate via at least one designated RAT (e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, Bluetooth) through the wireless communication medium of interest. ®The WLAN transceivers 320 and 360 can be configured in different ways to transmit and encode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, and information) according to a specified RAT, and conversely, to receive and decode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and pilots). Specifically, transceivers 320 and 360 each include one or more transmitters 324 and 364 (for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively) and one or more receivers 322 and 362 (for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368, respectively).

[0063] Transceiver circuitry including at least one transmitter and at least one receiver may, in some embodiments, comprise an integrated device (e.g., transmitter and receiver circuitry implemented as a single communication device), in some embodiments, comprise separate transmitter and receiver devices, or in other embodiments, may be implemented in a different manner. In one aspect, the transmitter may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas, such as an antenna array (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), which allow the corresponding device to perform transmit “beamforming” as described herein. Similarly, the receiver may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas, such as an antenna array (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), which allow the corresponding device to perform receive beamforming as described herein. In another aspect, the transmitter and receiver may share the same plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366) such that the corresponding device can only receive or transmit at a given time, rather than both simultaneously. The wireless communication equipment of UE 302 and / or base station 304 (e.g., one or both of transceivers 310 and 320 and / or one or both of transceivers 350 and 360) may also include a network listening module (NLM) for performing various measurements, etc.

[0064] UE 302 and base station 304 also include, at least in some cases, satellite positioning system (SPS) receivers 330 and 370. SPS receivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, to receive SPS signals 338 and 378, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) signals, Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals, BeiDou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. SPS receivers 330 and 370 may include any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing SPS signals 338 and 378, respectively. SPS receivers 330 and 370 request information and operations from other systems as appropriate and perform necessary calculations to determine the positioning of UE 302 and base station 304 using measurements obtained by any suitable SPS algorithm.

[0065] Base station 304 and network entity 306 each include at least one network interface 380 and 390 for communicating with other network entities. For example, network interfaces 380 and 390 (e.g., one or more network access ports) can be configured to communicate with one or more network entities via a wired or wireless backhaul connection. In some aspects, network interfaces 380 and 390 can be implemented as transceivers configured to support wired or wireless signal communication. This communication may involve, for example, transmitting and receiving messages, parameters, and / or other types of information.

[0066] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 also include other components that can be used in conjunction with the operations disclosed herein. UE 302 includes processor circuitry that implements a processing system 332 for providing functionality related to, for example, joint communication and RF sensing (i.e., joint communication and sensing (JCS) operations) and for providing other processing functionality. Base station 304 includes a processing system 384 for providing functionality related to, for example, RF sensing operations as disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functionality. Network entity 306 includes a processing system 394 for providing functionality related to, for example, RF sensing operations as disclosed herein, and for providing other processing functionality. In one aspect, processing systems 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more general-purpose processors, multi-core processors, ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices or processing circuitry.

[0067] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 include memory circuitry that implements memory components 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device) for maintaining information (e.g., information indicating reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, etc.). In some cases, UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 may each include RF sensing components 342, 388, and 398. RF sensing components 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuitry that is part of or coupled to processing systems 332, 384, and 394, which, when executed, cause UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. In other aspects, RF sensing components 342, 388, and 398 may be external to processing systems 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively, RF sensing components 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in memory components 340, 386, and 396, respectively (e.g., memory modules stored in memory components 340, 386, and 396). Figures 3A-3C As shown), these memory modules, when executed by processing systems 332, 384, and 394 (or modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), enable UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein.

[0068] UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to processing system 332 to provide motion and / or orientation information independent of motion data derived from signals received by WWAN transceiver 310, WLAN transceiver 320, and / or SPS receiver 330. By way of example, sensor 344 may include accelerometers (e.g., microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices), gyroscopes, geomagnetic sensors (e.g., compasses), altimeters (e.g., barometric altimeters), and / or any other type of motion detection sensor. Furthermore, sensor 344 may include multiple different types of devices and combine their outputs to provide motion information. For example, sensor 344 may use a combination of multi-axis accelerometers and orientation sensors to provide the ability to calculate position in 2D and / or 3D coordinate systems.

[0069] Additionally, UE 302 includes a user interface 346 to provide instructions to the user (e.g., auditory and / or visual instructions) and / or receive user input (e.g., when the user actuates a sensing device such as a keypad, touchscreen, microphone, etc.). Although not shown, base station 304 and network entity 306 may also include user interfaces.

[0070] Referring more specifically to processing system 384, in the downlink, IP packets from network entity 306 are provided to processing system 384. Processing system 384 can implement functionality for the RRC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The processing system 384 can provide RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting system information (e.g., Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with transmission of upper-layer Packet Data Units (PDUs), error correction via Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), splicing, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0071] Transmitter 354 and receiver 352 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, including the physical (PHY) layer, may include: error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) decoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. Transmitter 354 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and then combined using inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a stream of time-domain OFDM symbols. The OFDM symbol stream is spatially pre-decoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from the channel estimator can be used to determine the decoding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimates can be derived from a reference signal transmitted by UE 302 and / or channel condition feedback. Each spatial stream can then be provided to one or more different antennas 356. The transmitter 354 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0072] At UE 302, receiver 312 receives signals via its corresponding antenna 316. Receiver 312 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to processing system 332. Transmitter 314 and receiver 312 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Receiver 312 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for UE 302. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 302, they can be combined by receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream. Receiver 312 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, along with the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most probable signal constellation point transmitted by base station 304. These soft decisions can be based on a channel estimate calculated by a channel estimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by base station 304 on the physical channel. Subsequently, data and control signals are provided to processing system 332, which implements the functionality of layer 3 and layer 2.

[0073] In the uplink, processing system 332 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from the core network. Processing system 332 is also responsible for error detection.

[0074] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with downlink transmissions performed by base station 304, processing system 332 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connectivity, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer PDU delivery, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), priority handling, and logical channel priority ordering.

[0075] The channel estimate derived by the channel estimator from the reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 can be used by the transmitter 314 to select an appropriate decoding and modulation scheme and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the transmitter 314 can be provided to different antennas 316. The transmitter 314 can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate the RF carrier for transmission.

[0076] Uplink transmission is processed at base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 302. Receiver 352 receives signals via its corresponding antenna 356. Receiver 352 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to processing system 384.

[0077] In the uplink, processing system 384 provides demultiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover IP packets from UE 302. IP packets from processing system 384 can then be provided to the core network. Processing system 384 is also responsible for error detection.

[0078] For convenience, UE 302, base station 304 and / or network entity 306 are in Figures 3A-3C The box is shown to include various components that can be configured according to the various examples described herein. However, it should be understood that the illustrated box may have different functionalities in different design schemes.

[0079] The various components of UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 can communicate with each other via data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392, respectively. This can be implemented in various ways. Figures 3A-3C The components. In some specific implementations, they can be implemented in one or more circuits, such as, for example, one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors) Figures 3A-3CThe components. Here, each circuit may use and / or combine at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide that functionality. For example, some or all of the functionalities represented by components 310 to 346 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of UE 302 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). Similarly, some or all of the functionalities represented by components 350 to 388 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of base station 304 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). Furthermore, some or all of the functionalities represented by components 390 to 398 may be implemented by the processor and memory components of network entity 306 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor components). For simplicity, various operations, actions, and / or functions are described herein as being performed "by the UE", "by the base station", "by the positioning entity", etc. However, it should be understood that such operations, actions and / or functions can actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components of the UE, base station, positioning entity, etc. (such as processing systems 332, 384, 394, transceivers 310, 320, 350 and 360, memory components 340, 386 and 396, RF sensing components 342, 388 and 398, etc.).

[0080] Wireless communication signals transmitted between the UE and the base station (e.g., RF signals configured to carry OFDM symbols) can be reused for environmental sensing (also known as "RF sensing" or "radar"). Environmental sensing using wireless communication signals can be considered as consumer-grade radar with advanced detection capabilities, enabling contactless / device-free interaction with devices / systems, etc. Wireless communication signals can be cellular communication signals, such as LTE or NR signals, WLAN signals, etc. As a specific example, wireless communication signals can be OFDM waveforms as utilized in LTE and NR. High-frequency communication signals (such as mmW RF signals) are particularly advantageous for use as radar signals because higher frequencies provide at least more accurate ranging (distance) detection.

[0081] Generally speaking, there are different types of RF sensing operations, and specifically, there are monostatic and bistatic RF sensing. Figure 4A and Figure 4B Two examples of these various types of RF sensing are illustrated. Specifically, Figure 4A This is illustration 400 illustrating a monostatic RF sensing scenario, and Figure 4B This is illustration 430, illustrating a bistatic RF sensing scenario. Figure 4AIn this configuration, base station 402 can be configured for full-duplex operation, and thus the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) are co-located. For example, the transmitted radio frequency (RF) signal 406 may be reflected from a target object (such as building 404), and the receiver on base station 402 is configured to receive and measure the reflected beam 408. This is a typical use case for conventional or traditional radar. In this example, monostatic RF sensing can be implemented using half-duplex operation, such that the transceiver can be configured to transmit an RF sensing signal at a first time and subsequently receive the reflected signal at a second time. Figure 4B In this example, base station 405 can be configured as a transmitter (Tx), and UE 432 can be configured as a receiver (Rx). The transmitter and receiver are not co-located; that is, they are separate. Base station 405 can be configured to transmit a beam, such as a full downlink RF signal that can be received by UE 432. A portion of the RF signal 406 can be reflected or refracted by building 404, and UE 432 can receive the reflected signal 434. This is a typical use case for RF sensing based on wireless communication (e.g., WiFi-based, LTE-based, NR-based). It should be noted that although... Figure 4B This example illustrates the use of downlink RF signal 406 as an RF sensing signal, but uplink RF signals can also be used as RF sensing signals. In the downlink scenario, as shown in the figure, the transmitter is base station 405 and the receiver is UE 432, while in the uplink scenario, the transmitter is UE and the receiver is base station.

[0082] For more detailed information, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 4B Base station 405 sends an RF sensing signal (e.g., PRS) to UE 432, but some of the RF sensing signal is reflected away from a target object (such as building 404). UE 432 can measure the ToA of the RF signal 406 received directly from the base station and the ToA of the reflected signal 434 reflected from the target object (e.g., building 404).

[0083] Base station 405 can be configured to transmit a single RF signal 406 or multiple RF signals to a receiver (e.g., UE 432). However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, UE 432 can receive multiple RF signals corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. Each path can be associated with a cluster of one or more channel taps. Typically, the time when the receiver detects the first channel tap cluster is considered to be the ToA of the RF signal on the site line (LOS) path (i.e., the shortest path between the transmitter and receiver). Subsequent channel tap clusters are considered to have been reflected by objects between the transmitter and receiver, and therefore have followed a non-LOS (NLOS) path between the transmitter and receiver.

[0084] Therefore, return to the reference.Figure 4B RF signal 406 follows the LOS path between base station 405 and UE 432, and reflected signal 434 represents an RF sensing signal that follows the NLOS path between base station 405 and UE 432 due to reflection from building 404 (or another target object). Base station 405 may have transmitted multiple RF sensing signals ( Figure 4B (Not shown in the image) Some of these RF sensing signals follow a LOS path, and others follow a NLOS path. Alternatively, base station 405 may transmit a single RF sensing signal in a sufficiently wide beam such that a portion of the RF sensing signal follows a LOS path and a portion follows a NLOS path.

[0085] Based on the difference between the ToA of the LOS path, the ToA of the NLOS path, and the speed of light, UE 432 can determine the distance to building 404. Additionally, if UE 432 is capable of receive beamforming, it can determine the general direction to building 404 as the direction of the reflected signal 434, which is the received RF sensing signal following the NLOS path. UE 432 can then optionally report this information to transmitting base station 405, an application server associated with the core network, an external client, a third-party application, or another entity. Alternatively, UE 432 can report the ToA measurement to base station 405 or another entity, and base station 405 can determine the distance to the target object and optionally determine the direction to the target object.

[0086] It should be noted that if the RF sensing signal is an uplink RF signal sent by the UE 432 to the base station 405, the base station 405 will perform object detection based on the uplink RF signal, just as the UE 432 performs object detection based on the downlink RF signal.

[0087] refer to Figure 5 Example Figure 500 illustrates the RF channel response over time at a receiver (e.g., either the UE or a base station described herein). Figure 5 In the example, the receiver receives multiple (four) channel tap clusters. Each channel tap represents the multipath followed by the RF signal between the transmitter (e.g., either the UE or the base station described herein) and the receiver. That is, the channel tap represents the arrival of the RF signal on the multipath. Each channel tap cluster indicates that the corresponding multipath is substantially along the same path. Different clusters may exist because the RF signals are transmitted on different transmit beams (and therefore at different angles), or because of the propagation characteristics of the RF signals (potentially following widely different paths due to reflection), or both.

[0088] exist Figure 5 In the illustrated channel, the receiver receives a first cluster of two RF signals at the channel tap at time T1, a second cluster of five RF signals at the channel tap at time T2, a third cluster of five RF signals at the channel tap at time T3, and a fourth cluster of four RF signals at the channel tap at time T4. Figure 5 In the example, since the first RF signal cluster arrives first at time T1, it is assumed to be a LOS data stream (i.e., a data stream arriving on the LOS or shortest path), and can correspond to Figure 4B The LOS path is illustrated (e.g., RF signal 406). The third cluster at time T3 consists of the strongest RF signal and can correspond to... Figure 4B The NLOS path is illustrated in the example (e.g., reflected signal 434). Note that although... Figure 5 Clusters with two to five channel taps are illustrated, but it should be understood that a cluster may have more or fewer channel taps than the illustrated number.

[0089] refer to Figure 6 An example timing diagram 600 for communication and monopolar RF sensing is shown. Timing diagram 600 includes communication signaling time periods 602a, 602b, and RF sensing reference signals (RS) 604a, 604n, wherein each RF sensing RS 604a, 604n has a T... 雷达_RS The transmission duration of 606. The number, relative positions, and durations of signaling and sensing time periods on the timeline are examples and not limitations, as other timing schemes may be used. Generally, RF sensing systems (e.g., radar systems) continuously transmit pulses during RF sensing operation to establish a discernible echo from a target object. In half-duplex single-base sensing, the duration of RF sensing transmissions can affect the maximum range of RF sensing operation because the system must wait to receive the echo signal before transmitting the next RF sensing RS (e.g., RF sensing RS 604n) or other pulses. In the example, the RF sensing time period T can be measured from the start of the first RF sensing RS 604a to the start of the next RF sensing RS 604n. 感测 608. To reduce potential ambiguity in scope, T 感测 The duration of 608 can be defined as: (1) in, This is the maximum sensing range; It is the duration of RF sensing RS; and c It's the speed of light.

[0090] During operation, if the RF sensing RS repetition frequency is too high (e.g., T...), 感测 If the RS 604n is too small, echo signals from some targets may not arrive until after the next RF sensing RS 604n is sent. This can lead to ambiguity in range measurements, as such echoes may appear to be much shorter than the actual range of the target.

[0091] The waveform for RF sensing RS 604a and 604n can be based on known radar pulse waveforms, such as FMCW. Other waveforms, such as OFDM RS (e.g., PRS, TRS, CSI-RS), can also be used. In the example, ultra-wideband (UWB) pulses can be used. Waveform configuration can be based on the capabilities of the transmitting device (e.g., UE, gNB, IoT device, etc.) and / or network requirements. In the example, the sensing node (e.g., UE) can be configured to provide on-demand requests for waveform type and associated parameters. Parameters may explicitly include T... 雷达_RS 606 and T 感测 608, or request an identifier that can be associated with T on demand. 雷达_RS 606 and T 感测 RF sensing applications or use cases associated with the 608 parameters.

[0092] A sensing node (e.g., a UE) can be configured to indicate at least one or more use case parameters that drive the RF sensing waveform requirement. For example, the use case requirement could be a minimum range (i.e., ), which can be used to determine T 雷达_RS The demand for 606. (T) 雷达_RS 606 may be constrained by a lower limit of the Tx / Rx handover time of the sensing node. For example, the UE's ability to quickly handover between Tx and Rx can affect its ability to sense nearby targets. In such use cases, the UE can explicitly indicate the minimum Tx / Rx handover time in a capability message or other network signaling, and then network entity 306 (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, or other network resources) can be configured to determine the Tx / Rx handover time based on the UE's capabilities. 雷达_RS Parameter 606. The parameter (e.g., as described in equation (1)) indicates the shortest length required. 感测 608 (i.e., together with) or 雷达_ Capability messages and / or on-demand requests can also be included in the capability message. In tracking use cases, capability messages and / or on-demand requests can indicate maximum speed and / or required speed resolution information, and network entity 306 can be configured to determine waveform parameters. For example, maximum speed (e.g., Doppler) can be based on... 感测The 608 parameters make the velocity resolution calculated as N. 感测 , where N is the number of RF-sensing RS pulses. Other capabilities and use cases can be considered by network entity 306 to configure the RF-sensing RS waveform. In the example, the RF-sensing RS waveform may be based at least in part on a set of time-domain and / or frequency-domain parameters in the 5G NR network.

[0093] refer to Figure 7 Figure 700 illustrates an example set of frequency domain parameters including different subcarrier spacings (SCS) and associated slots and symbols. A 5G radio frame has a fixed duration of 10 ms, and subframe 702 has a fixed duration of 1 ms (e.g., each frame has 10 subframes 702). Slot duration and symbol duration depend on the parameter set, and therefore the number of slots and symbols per subframe also depends on the parameter set. When using a normal cyclic prefix, the number of symbols per slot is always 14, and when using an extended cyclic prefix, the number of symbols per slot is always 12. Figure 700 illustrates the symbols of a 1 ms subframe belonging to a different parameter set. For example, in a 15 kHz SCS, subframe 702 includes one slot with a total of 14 symbols (such as the first symbol 704). The 30kHz SCS consists of 2 time slots per subframe, totaling 28 symbols, such as the second symbol 706. The 60kHz SCS consists of 4 time slots per subframe, totaling 56 symbols, such as the third symbol 708. The 120kHz SCS consists of 8 time slots per subframe, totaling 112 symbols, such as the fourth symbol 710. The time slot durations for the corresponding parameter sets are provided in Table 1 below:

[0094] Table 1

[0095] When using a 15kHz parameter set, in the time domain, a frame (e.g., 10ms) is divided into 10 equal-sized subframes (each 1ms), and each subframe includes a time slot. Figure 7 In this context, time is represented in the horizontal direction (e.g., on the X-axis), where time increases from left to right, while frequency is represented in the vertical direction (e.g., on the Y-axis), where frequency increases (or decreases) from bottom to top.

[0096] A resource grid can be used to represent time slots, each of which includes one or more time-concurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain. The resource grid is further divided into multiple resource elements (REs). An RE corresponds to a symbol length in the time domain and a subcarrier in the frequency domain. The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme. In the example, the RF sensing signal described herein can be configured to conform to... Figure 7 The symbols and time slot format described. Other symbols and time slot formats may also be used.

[0097] Further reference Figure 7 For reference Figure 8 This diagram illustrates an example RF sensing signal over time for a symbol in a Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) scheme. Figure 8 OFDM symbol 800 in the time domain is depicted, including a cyclic prefix (CP) duration 802 and an OFDM symbol duration 804. RF sensing nodes (e.g., UEs) can be configured to utilize time-division multiplexing (TDM) for multiplexing RF sensing RS and communication signals. For example, a sequence of RF sensing RS pulses 806a, 806b, 806n and corresponding listening time periods 808a, 808b, 808n can occur within the duration of symbol 800. In the example, referring to Table 1, in the 30kHz SCS parameter set, the duration of each OFDM symbol 800 is approximately 33.3µs, where the CP duration 802 is approximately 2µs to 3µs. In indoor RF sensing use cases, the UE can be configured to detect and / or track objects within a 10m range, and thus utilize a TDM duration of approximately 60 nanoseconds (ns). 感测 Parameter 608 (e.g., sufficient time for a 20m round trip when the object is 10m away). In this use case, 3 to 5 RF sensing pulses can be sent within CP duration 802 alone. Additional pulses can be sent during symbol duration 804.

[0098] Further reference Figure 8 For reference Figure 9An example of an RF sensing signal in a CP-OFDM scheme with a hybrid parameter set is shown. Parameter set diagram 900 depicts an example time slot 902 with various symbol durations associated with different subcarrier spacing values. A first parameter set 904 may be based on a first SCS frequency (f1) and may include symbols with a first time duration 906. For example, the first parameter set 904 may utilize a 30kHz SCS with a symbol duration of 33.3µs. For RF sensing operation, a hybrid parameter set time slot 908 may be configured with symbols of different durations. Communication operation may utilize a time slot including one or more symbols based on the first SCS (f1), which includes symbols with a first duration 906, and RF sensing operation may utilize a second parameter set 910 with one or more symbols based on a second SCS (f2), which includes symbols with a second duration 912 less than the first duration 906. Thus, as Figure 9 As depicted, the RF sensing RS pulse in symbol 800 can be configured to operate in a second SCS (f2) symbol. For example, the second parameter set 910 can utilize a 120 kHz SCS with a symbol duration of 8.33 µs. In operation, the first SCS (f1) can be used for the communication symbol, and the second SCS (f2) can be used for the RF sensing symbol. The number of different parameter sets and symbol durations shown in Figure 900 is an example and not a limitation, as other parameter sets and symbol durations can also be used for RF sensing operation.

[0099] In one example, RF sensing operations can utilize wideband radar signals with scanning frequencies, such as frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, to achieve wideband accuracy with a small baseband bandwidth. However, such frequency scanning operations can be problematic for OFDM waveforms because a subcarrier in an OFDM signal is entirely dedicated, even if that frequency is occupied for only a short period within an OFDM symbol. Therefore, for narrow SCS, OFDM symbol durations are long, and radar signals (with frequency scanning) can occupy a wide range of frequencies within the duration of a full OFDM symbol. From a system resource perspective, partially utilizing symbol duration during frequency scanning is wasteful. Hybrid parameter set slot 908 can be used to reduce wasted symbol duration by utilizing a second parameter set 910 for RF sensing. A larger SCS and a relatively short symbol duration 912 reduce the time-frequency domain coverage of the RF sensing signal while still enabling wideband frequency scanning.

[0100] Further reference Figure 6 For reference Figure 10An example of RF sensing with a pulse train compatible with cyclic prefixes and CP-OFDM symbols is shown. Example symbol 1000 includes a CP duration 1002 and a symbol duration 1004 known to the sensing node or other network resources. The timing of the RF sensing RSs 1006a to 1006n and the corresponding listening time periods are configured as integer fractions of the respective CP duration 1002 and symbol duration 1004. For example, CP duration 1002 may include an α pulse 1006a and a listening duration (i.e., T...). 感测 The first pulse train 1008 (combined duration of 608) and the symbol duration 1004 may have a second pulse train 1010 including a β pulse and a listening duration. For example... Figure 10 As depicted, α and β are integer values. The values ​​of α and β are the corresponding CP duration 1002 and symbol duration 1004 divided by T. 感测 The integer quotient at the time of the value. That is, the CP duration of 1002 divided by T. 感测 The result is an integer value α, and the sign duration is 1004 divided by T. 感测 The result is an integer value β. Alignment of pulse trains 1008, 1010 with their corresponding CP and symbol durations 1002, 1004 allows for frequency division multiplexing (FDM) within the symbol to be used for communication and RF sensing waveforms. In the example, the scalable T... 感测 The duration is increased to enhance the flexibility of FDM between communication and RF sensing operations. For example, increasing T 感测 The duration will be reduced by β, and thus allow more resource elements (REs) to be used for RF sensing. In the frequency domain, 1 / β of the REs can be allocated for RF sensing bursts, and REs can be allocated for OFDM communication symbols.

[0101] refer to Figure 11AA sample message flow diagram 1100 for providing on-demand RF sensing configuration information is shown. Message flow diagram 1100 includes example nodes in the communication system (such as UE 1102, gNB 1104) and network entity 306 (such as LMF 1106). The nodes and information in message flow diagram 1100 are examples and not limitations, as other nodes and messages can be used to provide on-demand RF sensing configuration information throughout the communication system 100. LMF 1106 can communicate with gNB 1104 using the New Radio Positioning Protocol A (which may be referred to as NPPa or NRPPa), which can be defined in 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 38.455. NRPPa may be the same as, similar to, or an extension of the LTE Positioning Protocol A (LPPa) defined in 3GPP TS 36.455, where NRPPa messages are transmitted between gNB 1104 and LMF 1106. LMF 1106 and UE 1102 can communicate using the LTE Location Protocol (LPP), which is defined in 3GPP TS36.355. LMF 1106 and UE 1102 can also communicate using a new radio location protocol (which may be referred to as NPP or NRPP), which may be the same as, similar to, or an extension of LPP. Here, LPP and / or NPP messages can be transmitted between UE 1102 and LMF 1106 via a serving gNB (e.g., the first gNB 1104).

[0102] The gNB 1104 may include a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU) (in Figure 11A(Not shown in the diagram). RU, DU, and CU can be configured to divide the functions of a gNB. The interface between the CU and DU is called the F1 interface. The Xn interface can be used for communication between different gNBs. The RU is configured to perform digital front-end (DFE) functions (e.g., analog-to-digital conversion, filtering, power amplification, transmit / receive) and digital beamforming, and includes a portion of the physical (PHY) layer. The RU can perform DFE using massive MIMO and can be integrated with one or more antennas of the gNB. The DU can host the gNB's Radio Link Control (RLC), Medium Access Control (MAC), and physical layer. A DU can support one or more cells, and each cell is supported by a single DU. The operation of the DU can be controlled by the CU. The CU can be configured to perform functions for delivering user data, mobility control, radio access network sharing, location, session management, etc., but some functions are proprietary to the DU. The CU can host the gNB's Radio Resource Control (RRC), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP). UE 1102 can communicate with CU via RRC, SDAP and PDCP layers, with DU via RLC, MAC and PHY layers, and with RU via PHY layer.

[0103] In operation, UE 1102 can be configured to provide one or more on-demand RF sensing request messages 1108, including parameters of one or more RF sensing waveforms. The one or more on-demand RF sensing request messages 1108 may include at least one of a requested waveform time-domain parameter and / or a requested waveform periodicity parameter. For example, the waveform parameter may include a time-domain duration T. 雷达_RS 606. Waveform parameters can indicate LMF. 1106 can be used to calculate T. 雷达_RS Minimum sensing range (R) min That is, T 雷达_RS = 2 R min / c, because the receiver is off when RS is transmitted in half-duplex single-base sensing. Waveform parameters can indicate periodicity T. 感测 Value or maximum sensing range (R) max It can be used to calculate T as described by equation (1). 感测 Values. Other parameters, such as RF sensing start time, end time (or duration), or other use case parameters, may be included in the on-demand RF sensing request message 1108. In phase 1110, LMF 1106 may be configured to determine the RS sensing configuration based at least in part on information provided in one or more on-demand RF sensing requests. LMF 1106 may be configured based on, for example, Figures 8-10The described OFDM / CP-OFDM parameter set is used to configure RF sensing operations. For example, RF sensing waveforms can be TDM and / or FDM together with communication waveforms in the parameter set. A mixed parameter set can also be configured. LMF 1106 can be configured to provide one or more RF sensing configuration messages 1112 to network stations (such as UE 1102 and gNB 1104), which have a time slot schedule adapted to the RF sensing operations requested by UE 1102. In the example, the content of RF sensing configuration message 1112 may be included in auxiliary data provided to UE 1102 from a network entity (such as LMF 1106 or gNB 1104 (e.g., a serving base station)). Generally, auxiliary data may include network-provided information to enable mobile devices to perform network tasks, such as communicating on the network, performing location calculations, and performing RF sensing operations. Auxiliary data may include parameter set and time slot schedule information, as well as RF sensing configuration information, such as including T 雷达_RS and T 感测 The value of the RF sensing waveform information. In phase 1114, UE 1102 and / or gNB 1104 (or other radio nodes) can be configured to perform half-duplex single-base RF sensing operations based on configuration message 1112. For example, UE 1102 (or gNB 1104) can be configured to utilize the T value included in the RF sensing configuration message 1112. 雷达_RS and T 感测 The RF sensing waveform of the value. The result of the RF sensing operation in phase 1114 can be utilized by one or more local applications (e.g., intruder alert application, fall detection application, etc.) executing on UE 1102. Optionally, UE 1102 can be configured to provide one or more RF sensing report messages 1116 to provide the RF sensing result to one or more network entities, such as LMF 1106.

[0104] Further reference Figure 11A For reference Figure 11BExample message flowchart 1150 is shown for providing network-assigned RF sensing configuration information. UE 1102 can be configured to provide one or more RF sensing capability messages 1152 to a network entity (e.g., LMF 1106), which include one or more parameters associated with UE 1102's ability to perform RF sensing operations. gNB 1104 can also be configured to provide capability information to the network based on a combination of gNB 1104's capabilities and / or UE 1102's capabilities with gNB 1104 to perform RF sensing operations. RF sensing capability parameters may include Rx / Tx response times to indicate the speed at which UE 1102 can switch between receive and transmit modes (e.g., receive-transmit switching time). Other parameters may include tuning gap information, bandwidth preferences, and the ability to support mixed parameter sets (e.g., preferred SCS values). Other parameters, such as the ability to support FMCW and / or OFDM reference signals for RF sensing, may be included in the RF sensing capability message 1152.

[0105] In phase 1154, a network entity (e.g., LMF 1106) may be configured to determine the RF sensing configuration, at least in part, based on the capabilities of UE 1102. The RF sensing configuration may include parameters of one or more RF sensing waveforms. For example, waveform parameters may include time-domain duration T. 雷达_RS 606. Minimum Sensing Range (R) min ), periodic T 感测 Value, and maximum sensing range (R max Other parameters (such as RF sensing start time, end time (or duration), or other use case parameters) can be included in the RF sensing configuration. The RF sensing configuration can be based on, for example... Figures 8-10 The described OFDM / CP-OFDM parameter set. For example, RF sensing waveforms can be TDM and / or FDM together with communication waveforms in the parameter set. In phase 1154, a hybrid parameter set can also be configured. LMF1106 can be configured to provide one or more RF sensing configuration messages 1112 to network stations (such as UE 1102 and gNB 1104), which have a time slot schedule adapted to RF sensing operations based on the capabilities of UE 1102 and / or gNB 1104. In phase 1114, UE 1102 and / or gNB 1104 can be configured based on... Figure 11A The configuration message 1112 described herein is used to perform a half-duplex single-base RF sensing operation. The result of the RF sensing operation in stage 1114 may be included in one or more RF sensing report messages 1116.

[0106] refer to Figure 12Figure 1200 illustrates an example use case diagram for an RF sensing security application. UE 1202 can be configured to perform an application utilizing half-duplex single-base RF sensing as described herein. UE 1202 may include some or all of the components of UE 302, and UE 302 may be an example of UE 1202. The application may include a user interface 1210 configured to receive RF sensing requests from a user. For example, in a security application, a user may configure UE 1202 to perform RF sensing over a time period (e.g., start time, end time, duration, etc.). The user may also be able to explicitly or implicitly define target classification and range requirements. Implicit selection may be based on the choice of the RF sensing application, such as intruder detection, motion detection, or outdoor sensing. For example, an intruder detection application may configure an RF sensing waveform 1208a to detect a human-sized object 1204 based on a range 1206 of approximately 20 m. UE 1202 may then be configured to transmit waveform 1208a and receive an echo signal 1208b returned from object 1204. Motion monitoring applications can have a reduced range (e.g., 5m or less) and utilize different waveforms (e.g., smaller T-wavelengths). 感测 (Value). Outdoor sensing applications can utilize different waveforms configured for longer ranges (e.g., up to 100m). Custom configuration parameters allow users to select the desired range and object size. Other parameters can be used to capture expected object velocity and / or measurement accuracy (e.g., RF sensing quality of service requirements).

[0107] In operation, UE 1202 can be configured to generate one or more on-demand RF sensing request messages 1108 using input to UI 1210 to request RF sensing configuration based on user selection. LMF 1106 or other network entities can be configured to provide RF sensing waveform parameters and scheduling, at least in part, based on the on-demand request. For example, waveform parameters may include time-domain duration T based on range 1206. 雷达_RS 606 and periodic T 感测 Value 608. Larger objects can utilize smaller (e.g., less time) T. 雷达_RS And the increased accuracy may require a smaller T. 感测 And / or the number of pulses increased. Other parameters (such as start time and stop time, and mixed parameter set configuration) may also be based at least in part on on-demand requests.

[0108] Further reference Figures 1-12 For reference Figure 13Method 1300 for performing RF sensing operations includes the stages shown. UE 302, base station 304, or other wireless nodes described herein may be configured to perform RF sensing operations. However, method 1300 is exemplary and not limiting. Method 1300 may be modified, for example, by adding, removing, rearranging, combining, concurrently executing the stages, and / or splitting a single stage into multiple stages. For example, sending one or more RF sensing reports in stage 1306 is optional.

[0109] In phase 1302, the method includes receiving auxiliary data for radio frequency sensing operations, the auxiliary data including at least waveform time-domain parameters and waveform periodicity parameters. UE 302 includes one or more transceivers 310, 320, and processing system 332 is a component for receiving auxiliary data for RF sensing operations. In the example, the auxiliary data may be included in one or more RF sensing configuration messages 1112 received from a network entity (such as LMF 1106) or a base station (such as gNB 1104 (e.g., serving base station)). The auxiliary data includes RF sensing waveform parameters, such as time-domain duration T. 雷达_RS 606 (i.e., waveform time-domain parameters) and periodicity T 感测 Value 608 (i.e., waveform periodicity parameter). Auxiliary data may also include a mixed set of parameters for the RF sensing waveform, such as the OFDM / CP-OFDM configuration of at least the first and second SCS, e.g. Figure 9 As depicted. Ancillary data may include additional information used to enable TDM or FDM in conjunction with communication operations. In the example, ancillary data may be received via air signaling protocols such as RRC (e.g., one or more System Information Blocks (SIBs)), Downlink Control Information (DCI), and / or Media Access Control (MAC). Other signaling technologies may also be used to receive ancillary data.

[0110] At stage 1304, the method includes performing a radio frequency (RF) sensing operation using waveform time-domain parameters and waveform periodicity parameters. A UE 302, including one or more transceivers 310, 320, a processing system 332, and an RF sensing component 342, is a component for performing the RF sensing operation. A wireless node (e.g., UE 302) can be configured to utilize T based on the received data at stage 1302. 雷达_RS and T 感测 The RF sensing waveform is used for half-duplex single-base RF sensing. For example, the UE may include an intruder detection application configured to detect human-sized objects using an RF sensing waveform based on a range of approximately 20m. The UE may also include a waveform configured to reduce the range (e.g., a smaller T). 感测Motion monitoring applications using waveforms (values). The UE may include outdoor sensing applications configured to utilize waveforms for longer ranges (e.g., up to 100m). Auxiliary data may include custom configuration parameters to capture expected object speeds and / or measurement accuracy (e.g., RF sensing quality of service requirements).

[0111] In stage 1306, the method optionally includes: transmitting one or more RF sensing reports based on the result of performing RF sensing operations. The UE 302, including one or more transceivers 310, 320 and processing system 332, is a component for transmitting one or more RF sensing reports. In the example, reference... Figures 1-12 The UE can be configured to provide one or more RF sensing report messages 1116 to provide RF sensing results to one or more network entities, such as LMFs. The RF sensing report may include range information to the detected object. Other information, such as local deactivation of RF sensing operations or initial detection alarms (e.g., intruder applications), may be provided in the RF sensing report. Device status information, such as battery level, charging status, device orientation, and other sensor inputs, may also be included in the RF sensing report.

[0112] Further reference Figure 14 For reference Figure 11A The method 1400 for providing RF sensing auxiliary data includes the stages shown. Network entity 306 or base station 304, or other network resources described herein, may be configured to provide RF sensing auxiliary data. However, method 1400 is exemplary and not limiting. Method 1400 may be modified, for example, by adding, removing, rearranging, combining, concurrently executing the stages, and / or splitting a single stage into multiple stages. For example, receiving one or more RF sensing reports in stage 1408 is optional.

[0113] In stage 1402, the method includes: receiving radio frequency sensing information from a wireless node. A network entity 306, including one or more network interfaces 390 and a processing system 394, is a component for receiving the RF sensing information. In the example, reference... Figure 11A RF sensing information can be provided by one or more on-demand RF sensing request messages 1108 from a wireless node (e.g., UE 1102 or gNB 1104). (See reference...) Figure 11B and Figure 9 LMF 1106 and gNB 1104 are examples of network entity 306. RF sensing information may include indications of RF sensing use cases, such as intruder alerts, motion detection, fall detection, or other RF sensing applications that will be performed by the wireless node. In the example, RF sensing information may include implicit waveform parameters (such as T...). 雷达_RS and T 感测The RF sensing information may include one or more parameters (e.g., one or more RF sensing capability messages 1152) associated with the wireless node's ability to perform RF sensing operations. RF sensing capability parameters may include Rx / Tx response times to indicate the speed at which the wireless node can switch between receive and transmit modes. Other parameters may include tuning gap information, bandwidth preferences, and the ability to support mixed parameter sets (e.g., preferred SCS values). RF sensing information may also include other parameters such as the ability to support FMCW and / or OFDM reference signals.

[0114] In stage 1404, the method includes: generating auxiliary data based on radio frequency sensing information, wherein the auxiliary data includes at least waveform time-domain parameters and waveform periodicity parameters. A network entity 306, including one or more network interfaces 390 and a processing system 394, is a component for generating the auxiliary data. The network entity 306 may be configured to utilize RF sensing information received in stage 1402 (such as sensing range, UE capability, object velocity, object size, etc.) to generate an RF sensing waveform. For example, the generated auxiliary data may include RF sensing waveform parameters, such as time-domain duration T. 雷达_RS 606 (i.e., waveform time-domain parameters) and periodicity T 感测 Value 608 (i.e., waveform periodicity parameter). Auxiliary data may also include a mixed set of parameters for the RF sensing waveform, such as the OFDM / CP-OFDM configuration of at least the first and second SCS, e.g. Figure 11A As depicted. Ancillary data may include additional information used to implement TDM or FDM in conjunction with communication operations.

[0115] In stage 1406, the method includes providing auxiliary data to a radio node. A network entity 306, including one or more network interfaces 390 and a processing system 394, is a component for providing auxiliary data. In the example, network entity 306 may be configured to utilize LLP messages to provide auxiliary data to the UE or other radio nodes. Other signaling that can utilize the serving gNB (such as RRC, DCI, and MAC (e.g., MAC control elements)) may be implemented to provide auxiliary data. Other signaling techniques may also be used. In the example, reference... Figure 11B , Figure 11A The auxiliary data may be included in one or more RF sensing configuration messages 1112 provided by LMF 1106 and / or gNB 1104. In the example, gNB 1104 may be a service station for UE 1102 and may be configured to provide auxiliary data to UE 1102.

[0116] In stage 1408, the method optionally includes receiving one or more RF sensing reports from a wireless node. A network entity 306, including one or more network interfaces 390 and a processing system 394, is a component for receiving one or more RF sensing reports. In the example, reference... Figure 11B and Figure 11B A wireless node (e.g., UE 1102) can be configured to provide one or more RF sensing report messages 1116 to provide RF sensing results to one or more network entities. The RF sensing report may include range information about the detected object, as well as other information such as local deactivation of RF sensing operation or initial detection alarms (e.g., intruder applications) that may be provided in the RF sensing report. Device status information such as battery level, charging status, device orientation, and other sensor inputs may also be included in the RF sensing report.

[0117] Methods 1300 and 1400 can be performed by different wireless nodes (including base stations and mobile devices) in a communication network. In the example, the wireless nodes can be configured to perform RF sensing operations using a sidelink protocol. For example, a first UE can be configured to provide auxiliary data based on waveform parameters as described herein and send communication and RF sensing waveform information to a second UE.

[0118] Those skilled in the art will understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and arts. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0119] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability between hardware and software, various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above in general terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such specific implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0120] The various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented or executed using general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, FPGAs, or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic elements, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternative embodiments, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0121] The methods, sequences, and / or algorithms described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of both. The software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be integral with the processor. The processor and storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., a UE). Alternatively, the processor and storage medium may reside as discrete components in the user terminal.

[0122] In one or more exemplary aspects, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored as one or more instructions or code on or transmitted via a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium includes both computer storage media and communication media, which includes any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage medium may be any available medium accessible to a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and is accessible to a computer. Furthermore, any connection is appropriately referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included within the definition of a medium. As used herein, disks and optical discs include: compact optical discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile optical discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Disks typically reproduce data magnetically, while optical discs reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of these should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0123] While the foregoing disclosure illustrates exemplary aspects of this disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications may be made herein without departing from the scope of this disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps, and / or actions of the method claims according to the aspects of this disclosure described herein need not be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although elements of this disclosure may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural form may also be considered unless explicitly stated as limited to the singular.

[0124] Specific implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses: Clause 1. A method for performing an RF sensing operation, the method comprising: receiving auxiliary data for the RF sensing operation, the auxiliary data including at least waveform time-domain parameters and waveform periodicity parameters; and performing the RF sensing operation using the waveform time-domain parameters and the waveform periodicity parameters.

[0125] Clause 2. The method according to Clause 1, the method further comprising receiving parameter set information for a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is less than the cyclic prefix duration in the cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0126] Clause 3. The method according to Clause 2, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is an integer quotient of the duration of the cyclic prefix.

[0127] Clause 4. The method according to Clause 1, the method further comprising receiving parameter set information for a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is less than the symbol duration in the cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0128] Clause 5. The method according to Clause 4, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is an integer quotient of the symbol duration.

[0129] Clause 6. The method according to Clause 1, wherein the radio frequency sensing operation is time-division multiplexed together with the communication symbols in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0130] Clause 7. The method according to Clause 1, the method further comprising receiving mixed parameter set information including a first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme and a second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme is configured for communication operation and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme is configured for radio frequency sensing operation.

[0131] Clause 8. The method according to Clause 7, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a first subcarrier spacing, and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a second subcarrier spacing greater than the first subcarrier spacing, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than the cyclic prefix duration in the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0132] Clause 9. The method according to Clause 7, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a first subcarrier spacing, and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a second subcarrier spacing greater than the first subcarrier spacing, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than the symbol duration in the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0133] Clause 10. The method according to Clause 1, the method further comprising sending one or more on-demand radio frequency sensing request messages, the one or more on-demand radio frequency sensing request messages including at least one of a requested waveform time-domain parameter and a requested waveform periodicity parameter.

[0134] Clause 11. The method according to Clause 1, the method further comprising sending an RF sensing capability message before receiving the auxiliary data for RF sensing operation, wherein the auxiliary data for RF sensing operation is at least partially based on the RF sensing capability message.

[0135] Clause 12. The method according to Clause 11, wherein the radio frequency sensing capability message includes an indication of the received transmit switching time.

[0136] Clause 13. A method for providing radio frequency sensing auxiliary data, the method comprising: receiving radio frequency sensing information from a wireless node; generating auxiliary data based on the radio frequency sensing information, wherein the auxiliary data includes at least waveform time-domain parameters and waveform periodicity parameters; and providing the auxiliary data to the wireless node.

[0137] Clause 14. The method according to Clause 13, wherein the auxiliary data further includes parameter set information for a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than the cyclic prefix duration in the cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0138] Clause 15. The method according to Clause 14, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is an integer quotient of the duration of the cyclic prefix.

[0139] Clause 16. The method according to Clause 13, wherein the auxiliary data further includes parameter set information for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than the symbol duration in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0140] Clause 17. The method according to Clause 16, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is an integer quotient of the symbol duration.

[0141] Clause 18. The method according to Clause 13, wherein the auxiliary data further includes: mixed parameter set information including a first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme and a second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme is configured for communication operation and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme is configured for radio frequency sensing operation.

[0142] Clause 19. The method according to Clause 18, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a first subcarrier spacing, and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a second subcarrier spacing greater than the first subcarrier spacing, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than the cyclic prefix duration in the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0143] Clause 20. The method according to Clause 18, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a first subcarrier spacing, and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a second subcarrier spacing greater than the first subcarrier spacing, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than the symbol duration in the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0144] Clause 21. The method according to Clause 13, wherein the radio frequency sensing information includes one or more on-demand radio frequency sensing request messages, the one or more on-demand radio frequency sensing request messages including at least one of a requested waveform time-domain parameter and a requested waveform periodicity parameter.

[0145] Clause 22. The method according to Clause 13, wherein the radio frequency sensing information includes a radio frequency sensing capability message, the radio frequency sensing capability message including an indication of the ability of the wireless node to perform radio sensing operations.

[0146] Clause 23. The method according to Clause 22, wherein the indication of the capability includes the receive-transmit switch time of the wireless node.

[0147] Clause 24. The method according to Clause 13, the method further comprising receiving one or more radio frequency sensing reports from the wireless node.

[0148] Clause 25. An apparatus comprising: at least one memory; at least one transceiver; at least one processor, the at least one processor being communicatively coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one transceiver, and configured to: receive auxiliary data for radio frequency sensing operations, the auxiliary data including at least waveform time-domain parameters and waveform periodicity parameters; and perform radio frequency sensing operations using the waveform time-domain parameters and the waveform periodicity parameters.

[0149] Clause 26. The apparatus of Clause 25, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receive parameter set information for a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is less than the cyclic prefix duration in the cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0150] Clause 27. The apparatus according to Clause 26, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is an integer quotient of the duration of the cyclic prefix.

[0151] Clause 28. The apparatus of Clause 25, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receive parameter set information for a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is less than the symbol duration in the cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0152] Clause 29. The apparatus according to Clause 28, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is an integer quotient of the symbol duration.

[0153] Clause 30. The apparatus of Clause 25, wherein the radio frequency sensing operation is time-division multiplexed together with communication symbols in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0154] Clause 31. The apparatus of Clause 25, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receive mixed parameter set information including a first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme and a second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme is configured for communication operation and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme is configured for radio frequency sensing operation.

[0155] Clause 32. The apparatus according to Clause 31, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a first subcarrier spacing, and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a second subcarrier spacing greater than the first subcarrier spacing, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than the cyclic prefix duration in the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0156] Clause 33. The apparatus according to Clause 31, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a first subcarrier spacing, and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a second subcarrier spacing greater than the first subcarrier spacing, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than the symbol duration in the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0157] Clause 34. The apparatus according to Clause 25, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to send one or more on-demand radio frequency sensing request messages, the one or more on-demand radio frequency sensing request messages including at least one of a requested waveform time-domain parameter and a requested waveform periodicity parameter.

[0158] Clause 35. The apparatus according to Clause 25, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to send an RF sensing capability message before receiving the auxiliary data for RF sensing operation, wherein the auxiliary data for RF sensing operation is at least partially based on the RF sensing capability message.

[0159] Clause 36. The apparatus according to Clause 35, wherein the radio frequency sensing capability message includes an indication of the received transmission switching time.

[0160] Clause 37. An apparatus comprising: at least one memory; at least one transceiver; at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one transceiver, and configured to: receive radio frequency sensing information from a wireless node; generate auxiliary data based on the radio frequency sensing information, wherein the auxiliary data includes at least waveform time-domain parameters and waveform periodicity parameters; and provide the auxiliary data to the wireless node.

[0161] Clause 38. The apparatus according to Clause 37, wherein the auxiliary data further includes parameter set information for a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than the cyclic prefix duration in the cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0162] Clause 39. The apparatus according to Clause 38, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is an integer quotient of the duration of the cyclic prefix.

[0163] Clause 40. The apparatus according to Clause 37, wherein the auxiliary data further includes parameter set information for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than the symbol duration in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0164] Clause 41. The apparatus according to Clause 40, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is an integer quotient of the symbol duration.

[0165] Clause 42. The apparatus according to Clause 37, wherein the auxiliary data further includes: mixed parameter set information including a first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme and a second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme is configured for communication operation and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme is configured for radio frequency sensing operation.

[0166] Clause 43. The apparatus according to Clause 42, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a first subcarrier spacing, and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a second subcarrier spacing greater than the first subcarrier spacing, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than the cyclic prefix duration in the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0167] Clause 44. The apparatus according to Clause 42, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a first subcarrier spacing, and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a second subcarrier spacing greater than the first subcarrier spacing, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than the symbol duration in the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

[0168] Clause 45. The apparatus according to Clause 37, wherein the radio frequency sensing information includes one or more on-demand radio frequency sensing request messages, the one or more on-demand radio frequency sensing request messages including at least one of a requested waveform time-domain parameter and a requested waveform periodicity parameter.

[0169] Clause 46. The apparatus according to Clause 37, wherein the radio frequency sensing information includes a radio frequency sensing capability message, the radio frequency sensing capability message including an indication of the ability of the wireless node to perform radio sensing operations.

[0170] Clause 47. The apparatus according to Clause 46, wherein the indication of the capability includes the receive-transmit switch time of the wireless node.

[0171] Clause 48. The apparatus according to Clause 37, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receive one or more radio frequency sensing reports from the wireless node.

[0172] Clause 49. An apparatus for performing RF sensing operations, the apparatus comprising: A component for receiving auxiliary data for radio frequency sensing operations, the auxiliary data including at least waveform time-domain parameters and waveform periodicity parameters; and for performing radio frequency sensing operations using the waveform time-domain parameters and the waveform periodicity parameters.

[0173] Clause 50. An apparatus for providing radio frequency sensing auxiliary data, the apparatus comprising: components for receiving radio frequency sensing information from a wireless node; components for generating auxiliary data based on the radio frequency sensing information, wherein the auxiliary data includes at least waveform time-domain parameters and waveform periodicity parameters; and components for providing the auxiliary data to the wireless node.

[0174] Clause 51. A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium comprising processor-readable instructions configured to cause one or more processors to perform an RF sensing operation, and including code for: receiving auxiliary data for the RF sensing operation, the auxiliary data including at least waveform time-domain parameters and waveform periodicity parameters; and performing the RF sensing operation using the waveform time-domain parameters and the waveform periodicity parameters.

[0175] Clause 52. A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium comprising processor-readable instructions configured to cause one or more processors to provide radio frequency sensing auxiliary data, and including code for: receiving radio frequency sensing information from a wireless node; generating auxiliary data based on the radio frequency sensing information, wherein the auxiliary data includes at least waveform time-domain parameters and waveform periodicity parameters; and providing the auxiliary data to the wireless node.

Claims

1. A method for performing RF sensing operations, the method comprising: receiving assistance data for radio frequency sensing operations, the assistance data comprising at least a waveform time domain parameter and a waveform periodicity parameter; and performing radio frequency sensing operations utilizing the waveform time domain parameter and the waveform periodicity parameter.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving numerology information for a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is less than a cyclic prefix duration in the cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is an integer quotient of the cyclic prefix duration.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving numerology information for a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is less than a symbol duration in the cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is an integer quotient of the symbol duration.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio frequency sensing operations are time division multiplexed with communication symbols in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving hybrid numerology information comprising a first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme and a second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme is configured for communication operations and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme is configured for radio frequency sensing operations.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a first subcarrier spacing and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a second subcarrier spacing that is greater than the first subcarrier spacing, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than a cyclic prefix duration in the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a first subcarrier spacing and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a second subcarrier spacing that is greater than the first subcarrier spacing, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than a symbol duration in the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting one or more on-demand radio frequency sensing request messages, the one or more on-demand radio frequency sensing request messages comprising at least one of a requested waveform time domain parameter and a requested waveform periodicity parameter.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting a radio frequency sensing capability message prior to receiving the assistance data for radio frequency sensing operations, wherein the assistance data for radio frequency sensing operations is based at least in part on the radio frequency sensing capability message.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the radio frequency sensing capability message comprises an indication of a receive-to-transmit switching time.

13. A method for providing radio frequency sensing assistance data, the method comprising: ​ receiving radio frequency sensing information from a wireless node; generating assistance data based on the radio frequency sensing information, wherein the assistance data comprises at least waveform time domain parameter and waveform periodicity parameter; and providing the assistance data to the wireless node.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the assistance data further comprises numerology information for a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than a cyclic prefix duration in the cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is an integer quotient of the cyclic prefix duration.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the assistance data further comprises numerology information for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than a symbol duration in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is an integer quotient of the symbol duration.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein the assistance data further comprises hybrid numerology information comprising a first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme and a second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme is configured for communication operations and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme is configured for radio frequency sensing operations.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a first subcarrier spacing and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a second subcarrier spacing that is greater than the first subcarrier spacing, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than a cyclic prefix duration in the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the first cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a first subcarrier spacing and the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme has a second subcarrier spacing that is greater than the first subcarrier spacing, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than a symbol duration in the second cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

21. The method of claim 13, wherein the radio frequency sensing information comprises one or more on-demand radio frequency sensing request messages, the one or more on-demand radio frequency sensing request messages comprising at least one of a requested waveform time domain parameter and a requested waveform periodicity parameter.

22. The method of claim 13, wherein the radio frequency sensing information comprises a radio frequency sensing capability message, the radio frequency sensing capability message comprising an indication of a capability of the wireless node to perform radio sensing operations.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the indication of the capability comprises a receive-to-transmit switching time of the wireless node.

24. The method of claim 13, further comprising receiving one or more radio frequency sensing reports from the wireless node.

25. An apparatus, the apparatus comprising: at least one memory; at least one transceiver; at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one transceiver, and configured to: receive assistance data for a radio frequency sensing operation, the assistance data comprising at least a waveform time domain parameter and a waveform periodicity parameter; and perform a radio frequency sensing operation utilizing the waveform time domain parameter and the waveform periodicity parameter.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receive numerology information for a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, wherein the waveform periodicity parameter is less than a cyclic prefix duration in the cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the radio frequency sensing operation is time division multiplexed with a communication symbol in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

28. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to transmit one or more on-demand radio frequency sensing request messages, the one or more on-demand radio frequency sensing request messages comprising at least one of a requested waveform time domain parameter and a requested waveform periodicity parameter.

29. An apparatus, the apparatus comprising: at least one memory; at least one transceiver; at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one transceiver, and configured to: receive radio frequency sensing information from a wireless node; generate assistance data based on the radio frequency sensing information, wherein the assistance data comprises at least a waveform time domain parameter and a waveform periodicity parameter; and provide the assistance data to the wireless node.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the assistance data further comprises numerology information for a cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme, and the waveform periodicity parameter is less than a cyclic prefix duration in the cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme.

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