Multi-crop row spacing identification and wheat and corn interplanting sowing width regulation and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-crop line spacing identification and wheat and corn interplanting sowing width regulation and control method, relates to the technical field of interplanting sowing width regulation and control, and aims to solve the problems that the rationality of corn planting density is reduced, and the risk of group structure imbalance is increased. Generating a corn sowing channel, detecting the gradient to calculate the soil body flatness characteristic, detecting the soil body penetration resistance of the channel, evaluating the sowing level by combining the flatness characteristic, and collecting wheat growth data; the method comprises the following steps: calling a corn variety planting density reference, calculating a crop interference coefficient by utilizing wheat growth data, analyzing a target seeding density of a channel in combination with the planting density reference, evaluating the advancing speed of a seeding machine by utilizing a soil body seeding level, generating a seeding amplitude characteristic value in combination with the target seeding density, and regulating and controlling the seeding machine to complete interplanting based on the characteristic value. Differentiated sowing width regulation and control aiming at different soil conditions and wheat growth states are realized, and the group structure coordination of interplanting field parcels is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intercropping sowing width control technology, and more specifically, to a method for identifying row spacing of multiple crops and controlling sowing width in wheat-maize intercropping. Background Technology

[0002] In modern agricultural planting models, intercropping is widely used in grain crop production as an important way to efficiently utilize land resources and increase the yield of the entire crop population. Among them, the wheat-corn intercropping model has the advantages of high land utilization, reasonable allocation of light and heat resources of the entire crop population, and significant ecological benefits.

[0003] The existing technology has the following shortcomings:

[0004] Currently, existing wheat-maize intercropping methods rely on fixed row spacing and experience-based settings, lacking a dynamic identification and control mechanism for differences in row spacing, soil conditions, and wheat growth status. In actual production, it is impossible to accurately match the sowing width of the maize sowing channel and the travel speed of the sowing machine according to different field conditions, resulting in a decrease in the rationality of maize planting density and an increase in the risk of population structure imbalance. Therefore, a method for identifying row spacing of multiple crops and controlling sowing width in wheat-maize intercropping is proposed.

[0005] The information disclosed in the background section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for identifying row spacing of multiple crops and controlling the sowing width of wheat-maize intercropping. This method utilizes row spacing detection, soil flatness and penetration resistance assessment, wheat growth data analysis, and maize sowing density control algorithms to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for identifying row spacing of multiple crops and controlling the sowing width of wheat-maize intercropping, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step S1: Measure the row spacing of wheat in each row of the field to be tested, generate corn planting channels based on the row spacing, detect the slope data of the corn planting channels, and use the slope data to calculate the soil flatness characteristics.

[0009] Step S2: Detect the soil penetration resistance of the corn planting channel, evaluate the soil planting level of the corn planting channel in combination with the soil leveling characteristics, and collect wheat growth data of the corn planting channel.

[0010] Step S3: Retrieve the planting density benchmark for the current maize variety from the maize variety database, generate the crop interference coefficient using wheat growth data, and analyze the target planting density of the maize planting channel in conjunction with the planting density benchmark.

[0011] Step S4: Utilize the soil sowing layer to assess the travel speed of the sowing machine, combine the target sowing density with the travel speed of the sowing machine to generate the sowing width characteristic value of the corn sowing channel, adjust the sowing machine based on the sowing width characteristic value, and perform corn intercropping on the corn sowing channel.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the horizontal distance between the center lines of the main stems of two adjacent rows of wheat in the field to be tested is obtained by using a row spacing sensor to obtain the row spacing of each row of wheat.

[0013] When the row spacing is greater than or equal to the preset minimum safe spacing threshold for corn planting, the area between two adjacent rows of wheat corresponding to the row spacing will be used as the corn planting channel.

[0014] When the row spacing is less than the preset minimum safe spacing threshold for corn planting, the area between two adjacent rows of wheat corresponding to the row spacing will not be used as a corn planting channel.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the soil inclination angle at the location coordinates in the corn planting channel is obtained by an inclination sensor installed on the planting equipment as the slope data of the corn planting channel.

[0016] The standard deviation of the slope data is calculated and a preset maximum slope threshold is introduced to calculate the soil flatness characteristics of the corn planting channel.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the penetration resistance sensor measures the insertion force value during the vertical insertion of the standard penetration probe into the soil, and calculates the soil penetration resistance by combining the cross-sectional area of ​​the standard penetration probe.

[0018] After standardizing the soil penetration resistance and soil smoothing characteristics, the penetration resistance factor and smoothing characteristic factor are obtained.

[0019] The soil seeding score was calculated by combining the penetration resistance factor and the leveling characteristic factor using a weighted summation method.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the calculated soil seeding score is divided into several numerical intervals, each interval corresponding to a soil seeding level.

[0021] The grain moisture content of wheat in the corn planting channel was collected using a near-infrared spectroscopy moisture analyzer, and the grain moisture content was used as wheat growth data.

[0022] The near-infrared spectroscopy moisture analyzer emits near-infrared light to irradiate the surface of wheat grains. Water molecules in the wheat grains selectively absorb the light, and the reflected light signal from the surface of the wheat grains is collected. The moisture content of the grains is then calculated by comparing it with the preset standard moisture content of wheat grains.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the planting density benchmark for the current corn variety is retrieved from the corn variety database;

[0024] The preset wheat moisture content threshold is compared with wheat growth data, and the ratio of wheat growth data to the preset wheat moisture content threshold is used as the crop interference coefficient.

[0025] The ratio of the planting density benchmark to the crop disturbance coefficient is multiplied by a preset adjustment factor to obtain the target planting density for the maize planting channel.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, for different soil sowing levels, a correspondence between soil sowing levels and the travel speed of the sowing machine is established in advance, with different soil sowing levels corresponding to different travel speeds of the sowing machine.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, the sowing width base value and seeding efficiency of the sowing equipment are obtained through the equipment database;

[0028] The product of the seeding width base value, the target seeding density, and the traveling speed of the seeding machine is used as the target seeding efficiency.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, in step S4, the ratio of seeding efficiency to target seeding efficiency is used as the seeding width correction coefficient.

[0030] The product of the sowing width correction coefficient and the sowing width base value is used as the sowing width characteristic value of the corn sowing channel.

[0031] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0032] This invention measures the row spacing of wheat in a test field, generates corn planting channels based on the row spacing, and detects the slope data of the planting channels to calculate soil flatness characteristics. Next, it detects the soil penetration resistance of the corn planting channels, evaluates the soil planting level of the channel based on the soil flatness characteristics, collects wheat growth data within the corn planting channels, retrieves the planting density benchmark for the current corn variety from a corn variety database, calculates the crop interference coefficient using the wheat growth data, analyzes the target planting density of the channel based on the planting density benchmark, evaluates the travel speed of the planting machine using the soil planting level, generates a sowing width characteristic value based on the target sowing density, and adjusts the planting machine according to the sowing width characteristic value to complete the intercropping operation within the corn planting channels. This invention can determine the travel speed and sowing width characteristic value of corn intercropping based on different soil conditions and wheat growth status, improving the coordination of the population structure of intercropped fields. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of a multi-crop row spacing identification and wheat-maize intercropping sowing width control method of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of a method for identifying row spacing between multiple crops and controlling the sowing width of wheat-maize intercropping according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] This invention measures the row spacing of wheat in a test field, generates corn planting channels based on the row spacing, and detects the slope data of the planting channels to calculate soil flatness characteristics. Next, it detects the soil penetration resistance of the corn planting channels, evaluates the soil planting level of the channel based on the soil flatness characteristics, collects wheat growth data within the corn planting channels, retrieves the planting density benchmark for the current corn variety from a corn variety database, calculates the crop interference coefficient using the wheat growth data, analyzes the target planting density of the channel based on the planting density benchmark, evaluates the travel speed of the planting machine using the soil planting level, generates a sowing width characteristic value based on the target sowing density, and adjusts the planting machine according to the sowing width characteristic value to complete intercropping operations within the corn planting channels. This invention can determine the travel speed and sowing width characteristic value for corn intercropping based on different soil conditions and wheat growth status.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] Please see Figures 1 to 2 A method for identifying row spacing of multiple crops and controlling the sowing width of wheat-maize intercropping includes the following steps:

[0039] Step S1: Measure the row spacing of wheat in each row of the field to be tested, generate corn planting channels based on the row spacing, detect the slope data of the corn planting channels, and use the slope data to calculate the soil flatness characteristics.

[0040] Step S2: Detect the soil penetration resistance of the corn planting channel, evaluate the soil planting level of the corn planting channel in combination with the soil leveling characteristics, and collect wheat growth data of the corn planting channel.

[0041] Step S3: Retrieve the planting density benchmark for the current maize variety from the maize variety database, generate the crop interference coefficient using wheat growth data, and analyze the target planting density of the maize planting channel in conjunction with the planting density benchmark.

[0042] Step S4: Utilize the soil sowing layer to assess the travel speed of the sowing machine, combine the target sowing density with the travel speed of the sowing machine to generate the sowing width characteristic value of the corn sowing channel, adjust the sowing machine based on the sowing width characteristic value, and perform corn intercropping on the corn sowing channel.

[0043] The specific implementation is as follows:

[0044] In step S1, the wheat planting situation in the field to be tested is detected, specifically including measuring the row spacing of each row of wheat:

[0045] The row spacing of each wheat row is obtained by acquiring the horizontal distance between the center lines of the main stems of two adjacent rows of wheat in the field under test using a row spacing sensor.

[0046] The row spacing of each wheat row is compared with the preset minimum safe spacing threshold for corn planting. When the row spacing is greater than or equal to the preset minimum safe spacing threshold for corn planting, the area between two adjacent wheat rows corresponding to the row spacing is used as the corn planting channel. When the row spacing is less than the preset minimum safe spacing threshold for corn planting, the area between two adjacent wheat rows corresponding to the row spacing is not used as the corn planting channel.

[0047] It should be noted that the minimum safe spacing threshold for corn planting refers to the minimum row spacing limit set in the wheat-corn intercropping mode to ensure that corn seeds can obtain sufficient growth space between wheat rows and avoid excessive competition with wheat plants for roots and canopy. It is determined by the single plant canopy radius and root extension width required by the target corn variety at normal density and the minimum working space required by the seed metering component. For example, if the single plant canopy radius of the target corn variety is 15 cm, the effective root distribution width is 20 cm, and the minimum working space of the seed metering component of the seeder is 10 cm, then the minimum safe spacing threshold for corn planting is set to 55 cm by adding the three factors together and combining them with a safety margin of 10 cm.

[0048] After generating the corn planting channel, the soil inclination angle at the position coordinates (x, y) within the corn planting channel is obtained using an inclination sensor installed on the planting equipment, and denoted as . This was used as slope data for the corn planting channel;

[0049] It should be noted that a tilt sensor is a sensor device used to detect the tilt angle of a measured object relative to a horizontal reference plane. Based on the triaxial acceleration data of the directional or inertial measurement unit of gravitational acceleration, it outputs the tilt angle of the measured object in the pitch and roll directions by real-time calculation of the angle between the gravity component and the sensor coordinate axis. When the tilt sensor is fixedly installed on the seeding equipment, the tilt angle it measures changes with the relative attitude of the equipment and the ground surface.

[0050] Statistical analysis was performed on the slope data to calculate the standard deviation of the slope data. A preset maximum slope threshold was then introduced to calculate the soil flatness characteristics of the corn planting channel. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0051] ;

[0052] in, The soil is characterized by its flatness. The standard deviation of the slope data. The preset maximum slope threshold;

[0053] Furthermore, the maximum slope threshold refers to the upper limit of the slope at which mechanical operations can maintain seeding stability and consistent sowing depth during corn planting. This is achieved by analyzing the maximum stable angle of the seeder under slope conditions and combining it with a safety margin. For example, if a certain model of seeder shows a maximum adaptable slope of 15° in field tests, the maximum slope threshold is set to 12° with a 20% safety margin.

[0054] The value range of the soil flatness feature is [0,1]. When the soil flatness feature is close to 1, it indicates that the slope change in the corn sowing channel is smaller and the soil surface is flatter, which is conducive to the uniform distribution of corn seeds. When the soil flatness feature is close to 0, it indicates that the slope difference in the sowing channel is greater and the soil surface is uneven, which may lead to uneven sowing depth and unstable seed metering performance of the seed metering machine.

[0055] It should be noted that, to adapt to different agricultural ecological zones (such as dryland areas in the north and irrigated areas in the south) and diverse planting systems, a built-in regional parameter dynamic adjustment database is implemented. This database automatically retrieves the corresponding parameter set based on field location information or the planting area type selected by the user. This includes the soil penetration resistance benchmark range, distinguishing the hardness characteristics of typical soil types such as sandy soil, loam, and clay; the maximum slope threshold, which is regionally set according to the degree of terrain undulation and the stability requirements of machinery operation; the weighting coefficients α and β in the subsequent soil sowing scoring formula, which are dynamically adjusted based on the dominant influencing factors of regional soil on sowing quality (e.g., reducing the penetration resistance weight and increasing the leveling characteristic weight in hard soil areas); and the minimum safe spacing threshold for corn sowing, which is dynamically corrected based on differences in planting systems and the growth periods of intercropped crops (e.g., increasing the sowing lane width in double-cropping areas). Through the adaptation of these regional parameters, a tailored control strategy for each region can be achieved.

[0056] In step S2, the soil penetration resistance of the corn planting channel is detected by a penetration resistance sensor. The penetration resistance sensor measures the insertion force during the vertical insertion of the standard penetration probe into the soil. Combined with the cross-sectional area of ​​the standard penetration probe, the soil penetration resistance is calculated using the following formula:

[0057] ;

[0058] in, For soil penetration resistance, This is the insertion force value. This represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the standard penetration probe.

[0059] Soil penetration resistance reflects the hardness and density of the soil. The greater the soil penetration resistance, the harder the soil, which is not conducive to the penetration and stable growth of the radicle of corn seeds. The smaller the soil penetration resistance, the looser the soil, which is conducive to seed germination and uniform emergence.

[0060] It should be noted that a penetration resistance sensor is a measuring device used to detect the reaction force of soil on a standard penetration probe and convert it into an electrical signal; a standard penetration probe is a soil detection probe used in conjunction with a penetration resistance sensor. Its geometry and materials are standardized, it has a cylindrical structure, and the probe tip has a defined cross-sectional area.

[0061] After standardizing the soil penetration resistance and soil smoothness characteristics, the penetration resistance factor and smoothness characteristic factor are obtained. The soil seeding score is calculated by combining the penetration resistance factor and smoothness characteristic factor using a weighted summation method. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0062] ;

[0063] in, Scoring of soil seeding, For the penetration resistance factor, As a flatness characteristic factor, and These are the weighting coefficients corresponding to the penetration resistance factor and the leveling characteristic factor, respectively, used to balance the influence weights of the penetration resistance factor and the leveling characteristic factor in the soil seeding score calculation.

[0064] The soil sowing score reflects the overall suitability of regional soil conditions. The smaller the soil sowing score, the looser and flatter the soil in the corn sowing channel, indicating a higher suitability for corn sowing. The larger the soil sowing score, the harder or more uneven the soil in the corn sowing channel, indicating a lower suitability for corn sowing.

[0065] It should be noted that the weighting coefficients are determined based on the sensitivity analysis of different soil characteristics during corn sowing and through comparison of field test data. For example, when the test shows that the uniformity of corn emergence is more sensitive to soil hardness than to flatness, the weighting coefficient of the penetration resistance factor can be set to 0.6 and the weighting coefficient of the flatness characteristic factor can be set to 0.4. If the sowing equipment is prone to uneven sowing depth in a steep slope environment, it can be adjusted to 0.4 and 0.6 to increase the influence weight of the flatness characteristic factor.

[0066] Based on soil sowing scores, the soil sowing level of the corn sowing channel is evaluated:

[0067] The calculated soil seeding score is divided into several numerical intervals, each interval corresponding to a soil seeding level. For example, when the soil seeding score is less than 0.3, the soil seeding level is determined to be Level 1, indicating that the soil is loose and flat, and the seeding suitability is the highest; when the soil seeding score is between 0.3 and 0.6, the soil seeding level is determined to be Level 2, indicating that the soil conditions are moderate and the seeding suitability is average; when the soil seeding score is greater than 0.6, the soil seeding level is determined to be Level 3, indicating that the soil is hard or uneven, and the seeding suitability is the lowest.

[0068] By dividing the soil into planting layers, different corn planting channels are managed differently, providing a basis for targeted planting configuration for subsequent corn intercropping operations.

[0069] Furthermore, wheat growth data, including grain moisture content, was collected in the corn planting channel using a near-infrared spectroscopy moisture meter.

[0070] The near-infrared spectroscopy moisture analyzer emits near-infrared light to irradiate the surface of wheat grains. Water molecules in wheat grains selectively absorb light of a specific wavelength. The reflected light signal from the grain surface is collected and converted into an electrical signal. The grain moisture content is obtained by comparing it with the preset standard moisture content of wheat grains.

[0071] Grain moisture content is used to characterize the wheat maturation process in the corn planting channel. The higher the grain moisture content, the less mature the wheat grains are, and the stronger the competition between wheat and corn in the corn planting channel. Conversely, the lower the grain moisture content, the more mature the wheat grains are, and the weaker the competition between wheat and corn in the corn planting channel.

[0072] It should be noted that the near-infrared spectroscopy moisture analyzer is a measuring device used for non-destructive testing of wheat grain moisture content based on the absorption characteristics of grains to near-infrared light in a specific wavelength band. The preset standard moisture content of wheat grains refers to the reference value of wheat grain moisture content obtained by field sampling and laboratory drying method, which serves as the calibration basis for the near-infrared spectroscopy moisture analyzer to perform grain moisture content inversion calculation.

[0073] In step S3, the planting density benchmark for the current corn variety is retrieved from the corn variety database. The planting density benchmark refers to the number of plants of different corn varieties sown per unit area.

[0074] It should be explained that the maize variety database is used to store the agronomic characteristics and recommended cultivation parameters of different maize varieties, including maize variety names and planting density benchmarks.

[0075] Crop interference coefficients for maize planting channels are generated using wheat growth data, and the target planting density for maize planting channels is analyzed in conjunction with planting density benchmarks.

[0076] The preset wheat moisture content threshold is compared with wheat growth data, and the ratio of wheat growth data to the preset wheat moisture content threshold is used as the crop interference coefficient.

[0077] When the crop interference coefficient is greater than 1, it indicates that the higher the moisture content of wheat grains and the lower the maturity, the higher the nutrient consumption of wheat on the field and the stronger the interference intensity on corn intercropping. The planting density benchmark should be lowered. When the crop interference coefficient is less than 1, it indicates that the moisture content of wheat grains in the corn planting channel is low and the maturity is high, which reduces the occupation of field resources. The planting density benchmark should be maintained or raised.

[0078] The ratio of the planting density benchmark to the crop disturbance coefficient is multiplied by a preset adjustment factor to obtain the target planting density for the maize planting channel.

[0079] It should be explained that the preset wheat moisture content threshold is a key reference value used to determine wheat maturity, and it is set according to the maturity characteristics of different wheat varieties and the average field moisture content. The preset adjustment factor is a proportional parameter used to control the adjustment range of the target sowing density, and it is set according to the crop variety's stress resistance, soil fertility and expected yield target. For example, in high fertility fields, an adjustment factor greater than 1.0 can be used to make full use of nutrient resources.

[0080] By generating a crop interference coefficient and calculating the target sowing density in conjunction with the planting density benchmark, regional dynamic regulation can be achieved. When the interference coefficient is greater than 1, the planting density benchmark is lowered to reduce resource competition during the corn seedling stage and improve the uniformity of seedling emergence. When the interference coefficient is less than 1, the planting density benchmark is maintained or raised to make full use of available resources, improve land utilization, and avoid local over-density or under-density caused by uniform density across the entire field.

[0081] In step S4, for different soil sowing levels, a pre-established correspondence between soil sowing levels and the traveling speed of the sowing machine is established. Different soil sowing levels correspond to different traveling speeds of the sowing machine. For example, when the soil sowing level is higher, it indicates that the soil is loose and has low resistance, so the traveling speed of the sowing machine is increased to improve work efficiency; when the soil sowing level is lower, the traveling speed of the sowing machine is reduced to ensure consistent sowing depth and seed coverage quality.

[0082] Setting the seeder's travel speed based on the soil sowing level allows the seeder to maintain a higher speed in soft soil layers and automatically reduce its travel speed in firm or undulating soil layers, thereby maintaining a stable sowing depth, uniform seed coverage, and improving the uniformity of corn emergence and the quality of intercropping operations.

[0083] It should be explained that a pre-established correspondence between soil sowing levels and the traveling speed of the sowing machine is used to control the operating speed under different soil conditions, and is set according to soil penetration resistance, surface flatness, and target sowing depth.

[0084] The seeding width baseline and seed metering efficiency of the seeding equipment are obtained through the equipment database. Seed metering efficiency refers to the number of seeds discharged by the seeding equipment per unit time, and seeding width baseline refers to the seeding width formed by the distribution of corn seeds in the field when the seed metering machine performs seeding operations.

[0085] The product of the seeding width base value, the target seeding density, and the traveling speed of the seeding machine is used as the target seeding efficiency.

[0086] Target seeding efficiency refers to the number of seeds produced per unit time by the seeder under the conditions of the seeder's travel speed and target seeding density.

[0087] The ratio of seeding efficiency to target seeding efficiency is used as the seeding width correction coefficient, and the product of the seeding width correction coefficient and the seeding width base value is used as the seeding width characteristic value of the corn seeding channel.

[0088] When the sowing width correction coefficient is greater than 1, it indicates that the sowing efficiency is higher than the target sowing efficiency, and the sowing width characteristic value needs to be increased to achieve a dynamic balance of sowing amount in different corn sowing channels.

[0089] The sowing machine is adjusted based on the sowing width characteristic value to carry out corn intercropping operations in the corresponding corn sowing channel.

[0090] By calculating the seeding width characteristic value and adjusting the seeding equipment accordingly, differentiated seeding amount control can be achieved for different regions, improving the uniformity of corn emergence and plant spacing, thereby ensuring the coordination of the population structure in intercropping fields, improving field resource utilization and overall yield.

[0091] It should be noted that the equipment database is a dataset that stores relevant operating parameters and performance data of the seeding equipment. In this embodiment, the equipment database is used to obtain the seeding efficiency and seeding width baseline value of the seeding equipment. To ensure real-time synchronization of data acquisition, parameter calculation and equipment control, an integrated control architecture of sensing-edge computing-real-time execution is adopted: row spacing sensor, tilt sensor, penetration resistance sensor and near-infrared spectral moisture meter synchronously collect field data at a sampling frequency of not less than 10Hz; the data from each sensor is received in real time, and combined with the current position information of the equipment, algorithms such as soil seeding scoring, target seeding density calculation and seeding width feature value generation are executed in parallel, and the calculation delay is controlled within 50ms; based on the seeding width feature value and travel speed command obtained in real time, the seeding amount, furrowing depth and forward speed are synchronously adjusted within less than 100ms, ensuring that the control parameters of each seeding channel strictly correspond to its actual position, avoiding uneven seeding width or missed adjustment problems caused by data lag.

[0092] For example, taking a specific wheat variety field under facility agriculture conditions in the Hexi Irrigation District as the application object, during the late grain-filling to pre-maturity stage of this wheat variety, based on its stable row spacing structure, parameters are collected and processed in the local operation area formed between adjacent wheat rows. Specifically, only for the actual row spacing range corresponding to this variety, the inter-row spatial conditions, inter-row soil physical state, and grain moisture content characteristics of this variety at the current growth stage are detected, and operation parameters matching the wheat variety, growth stage, and field conditions are generated accordingly to guide subsequent operations related to improving soil quality and crop configuration in facility agriculture. It should be noted that the parameter selection, growth characteristic characterization, and operation adaptation logic in this embodiment are all limited to the aforementioned wheat variety and its corresponding planting system conditions.

[0093] Finally, it should be noted that in this paper, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0094] Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0095] In this document, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” may also include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that terms such as “comprising / including” or “having” specify the presence of the stated features, integrals, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof. Meanwhile, the term “and / or” as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of the associated listed items.

[0096] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The various embodiments can be combined as needed, and the same or similar parts can be referred to each other.

[0097] The above description of the disclosed embodiments will enable those skilled in the art to make or use various modifications to these embodiments. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for identifying row spacing of multiple crops and controlling the sowing width of wheat-maize intercropping, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step S1: Measure the row spacing of wheat in each row of the field to be tested, generate corn planting channels based on the row spacing, detect the slope data of the corn planting channels, and use the slope data to calculate the soil flatness characteristics. Step S2: Detect the soil penetration resistance of the corn planting channel, evaluate the soil planting level of the corn planting channel in combination with the soil leveling characteristics, and collect wheat growth data of the corn planting channel. Step S3: Retrieve the planting density benchmark for the current maize variety from the maize variety database, generate the crop interference coefficient using wheat growth data, and analyze the target planting density of the maize planting channel in conjunction with the planting density benchmark. Step S4: Utilize the soil sowing layer to assess the travel speed of the sowing machine, combine the target sowing density with the travel speed of the sowing machine to generate the sowing width characteristic value of the corn sowing channel, adjust the sowing machine based on the sowing width characteristic value, and perform corn intercropping on the corn sowing channel.

2. The method for identifying row spacing of multiple crops and controlling the sowing width of wheat-maize intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the horizontal distance between the center lines of the main stems of two adjacent rows of wheat in the field to be tested is obtained by using a row spacing sensor to obtain the row spacing of each row of wheat. When the row spacing is greater than or equal to the preset minimum safe spacing threshold for corn planting, the area between two adjacent rows of wheat corresponding to the row spacing will be used as the corn planting channel. When the row spacing is less than the preset minimum safe spacing threshold for corn planting, the area between two adjacent rows of wheat corresponding to the row spacing will not be used as a corn planting channel.

3. The method for identifying row spacing of multiple crops and controlling the sowing width of wheat-maize intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the soil tilt angle at the location coordinates in the corn planting channel is obtained by the tilt sensor installed on the planting equipment as the slope data of the corn planting channel; The standard deviation of the slope data is calculated and a preset maximum slope threshold is introduced to calculate the soil flatness characteristics of the corn planting channel.

4. The method for identifying row spacing of multiple crops and controlling the sowing width of wheat-maize intercropping according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, the penetration resistance sensor measures the insertion force during the vertical insertion of the standard penetration probe into the soil, and calculates the soil penetration resistance by combining the cross-sectional area of ​​the standard penetration probe. After standardizing the soil penetration resistance and soil smoothing characteristics, the penetration resistance factor and smoothing characteristic factor are obtained. The soil seeding score was calculated by combining the penetration resistance factor and the leveling characteristic factor using a weighted summation method.

5. The method for identifying row spacing of multiple crops and controlling the sowing width of wheat-maize intercropping according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, the calculated soil seeding score is divided into several numerical intervals, each interval corresponding to a soil seeding level; The grain moisture content of wheat in the corn planting channel was collected using a near-infrared spectroscopy moisture analyzer, and the grain moisture content was used as wheat growth data. The near-infrared spectroscopy moisture analyzer emits near-infrared light to irradiate the surface of wheat grains. Water molecules in the wheat grains selectively absorb the light, and the reflected light signal from the surface of the wheat grains is collected. The moisture content of the grains is then calculated by comparing it with the preset standard moisture content of wheat grains.

6. The method for identifying row spacing of multiple crops and controlling the sowing width of wheat-maize intercropping according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the planting density benchmark for the current corn variety is retrieved from the corn variety database; The preset wheat moisture content threshold is compared with wheat growth data, and the ratio of wheat growth data to the preset wheat moisture content threshold is used as the crop interference coefficient. The ratio of the planting density benchmark to the crop disturbance coefficient is multiplied by a preset adjustment factor to obtain the target planting density for the maize planting channel.

7. The method for identifying row spacing of multiple crops and controlling the sowing width of wheat-maize intercropping according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S4, for different soil sowing levels, a correspondence between soil sowing levels and the travel speed of the sowing machine is established in advance, with different soil sowing levels corresponding to different travel speeds of the sowing machine.

8. The method for identifying row spacing of multiple crops and controlling the sowing width of wheat-maize intercropping according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, the seeding width base value and seeding efficiency of the seeding equipment are obtained from the equipment database; The product of the seeding width base value, the target seeding density, and the traveling speed of the seeding machine is used as the target seeding efficiency.

9. The method for identifying row spacing of multiple crops and controlling the sowing width of wheat-maize intercropping according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S4, the ratio of seeding efficiency to target seeding efficiency is used as the seeding width correction coefficient. The product of the sowing width correction coefficient and the sowing width base value is used as the sowing width characteristic value of the corn sowing channel.

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