Short-chain hydrocarbon efficient degradation equipment with multi-stage catalysis coupling, dynamic heat exchange and accurate temperature control

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-stage catalytic coupling dynamic heat exchange precise temperature control short chain hydrocarbon efficient degradation device, and relates to the technical field of waste gas treatment, the multi-stage catalytic coupling dynamic heat exchange precise temperature control short chain hydrocarbon efficient degradation device comprises a device shell, and a first-stage catalytic reaction unit, a dynamic heat exchange temperature control unit and a second-stage catalytic reaction unit which are sequentially arranged along the gas flow direction; the first-stage catalytic reaction unit is used for preheating and preliminary catalytic oxidation of the short chain hydrocarbon-containing waste gas; the dynamic heat exchange temperature control unit comprises a heat exchange shell, a heat exchange tube bundle, a porous medium bed layer which wraps the tube bundle and has a gradient pore structure, and a bypass pipeline with an electric control valve; the secondary catalytic reaction unit is used for carrying out deep catalytic oxidation under precise temperature control; the intelligent temperature control system accurately controls the temperature of the gas entering the deep catalysis stage by monitoring the temperature of the second-stage catalysis bed and dynamically adjusting the bypass opening degree. According to the invention, efficient degradation of short chain hydrocarbon and accurate and uniform control of reaction temperature are realized, system stability is improved, catalyst life is prolonged, and overall energy efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste gas treatment technology, specifically to a high-efficiency degradation device for short-chain hydrocarbons with multi-stage catalytic coupling, dynamic heat exchange, and precise temperature control. Background Technology

[0002] Short-chain volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as ethane, propane, and ethylene, are typical pollutants emitted by industries such as petrochemicals and natural gas processing. Compared to traditional high-temperature combustion technologies, catalytic oxidation technology can achieve efficient VOC degradation at lower temperatures, offering advantages such as low energy consumption and good safety, and has become the mainstream development direction in this field. However, the core efficiency and stability of catalytic oxidation technology are highly dependent on the precise and uniform control of the reaction temperature.

[0003] In existing catalytic oxidation systems, temperature regulation is typically achieved using a single-stage fixed-bed reactor or a simple shell-and-tube heat exchanger. However, this type of structure reveals a fundamental technical bottleneck when faced with the frequent and drastic fluctuations in actual industrial waste gas concentrations: a single, homogeneous heat exchange structure cannot simultaneously meet the dual requirements of efficient heat exchange and uniform temperature field. Specifically, the problems are as follows: (1) When dense and small heat exchange units or filling materials are used in pursuit of high heat exchange efficiency, although heat can be transferred quickly, it is easy to cause uneven airflow distribution, forming obvious temperature gradients and local hot spots in the bed or inside the heat exchanger; (2) Local overheating (often exceeding the catalyst's tolerance limit) will quickly cause the active components of the catalyst to sinter and the support structure to collapse, resulting in irreversible deactivation; (3) At the same time, other areas may have lower temperatures due to excessive heat exchange or airflow short circuits, resulting in incomplete reaction and a sharp drop in pollutant degradation efficiency; (4) This inaccuracy and unevenness in temperature control forces the system to rely on higher safety redundancy or additional energy input to maintain operation, which increases energy consumption and shortens the catalyst life, seriously restricting the economic efficiency and long-term stable operation of catalytic oxidation technology. To this end, this invention proposes a multi-stage catalytic coupling dynamic heat exchange precise temperature control short-chain hydrocarbon high-efficiency degradation device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a high-efficiency short-chain hydrocarbon degradation device with multi-stage catalytic coupling, dynamic heat exchange, and precise temperature control. By setting up a porous media bed with a gradient pore structure and a flow distribution plate with non-uniform flow guide holes, uniform distribution of airflow and efficient heat exchange are achieved during the heat exchange process, thus solving the problems mentioned in the background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A multi-stage catalytic coupling dynamic heat exchange and precise temperature control device for the efficient degradation of short-chain hydrocarbons includes: a device shell with an airflow inlet at the top and an airflow outlet at the bottom; a primary catalytic reaction unit, a dynamic heat exchange and temperature control unit, and a secondary catalytic reaction unit arranged sequentially and connected along the airflow direction; the primary catalytic reaction unit includes a first catalytic bed for preheating and preliminary catalytic oxidation of the waste gas containing short-chain hydrocarbons; the dynamic heat exchange and temperature control unit includes a heat exchange shell, a heat exchange tube bundle disposed within the heat exchange shell, a porous media bed filled within the heat exchange shell and covering the heat exchange tube bundle, and a system for regulating the flow... The system includes a bypass pipeline with an electrically adjustable valve for controlling the gas flow rate of the unit; a porous media bed with a gradient pore structure along the gas flow direction; a secondary catalytic reaction unit including a second catalytic bed for deep catalytic oxidation of the gas at a precisely controlled temperature; a primary catalytic reaction unit and a secondary catalytic reaction unit respectively sealed inside the top inlet and bottom outlet of the heat exchange shell, with the bottom outlet of the heat exchange shell connected to the gas flow outlet; and an intelligent temperature control system for monitoring the temperature of the second catalytic bed and dynamically adjusting the opening of the bypass pipeline to control the temperature of the gas entering the second catalytic bed.

[0006] Preferably, the dynamic heat exchange temperature control unit also includes a flow distribution plate disposed inside the heat exchange shell. The flow distribution plate is located between the airflow inlet and the primary catalytic reaction unit, and has non-uniformly distributed flow holes on it.

[0007] Preferably, the flow guiding holes on the flow guiding distribution plate have a diameter and density that are sparse at the center and dense at the edges along the plate surface.

[0008] Preferably, the gradient pore structure of the porous media bed is formed by filling porous media materials of different particle sizes, with the equivalent particle size of the media increasing along the airflow direction.

[0009] Preferably, the porous media bed includes a first media zone, a second media zone, and a third media zone arranged sequentially along the airflow direction; wherein the media filled in the first media zone has a first average particle size, the media filled in the second media zone has a second average particle size greater than the first average particle size, and the media filled in the third media zone has a third average particle size greater than the second average particle size.

[0010] Preferably, high-temperature resistant partition plates are provided between the first medium zone and the second medium zone, as well as between the second medium zone and the third medium zone, to prevent medium mixing; a support perforated plate is provided at the bottom of the third medium zone.

[0011] Preferably, the primary catalytic reaction unit and the secondary catalytic reaction unit are equipped with airflow distribution components.

[0012] Preferably, the airflow distribution component is a perforated plate.

[0013] Preferably, the support perforated plate is composed of multiple modular perforated plates spliced ​​together, and adjacent modular perforated plates are fixedly connected by bolts; the support perforated plate is fixedly connected to the support ring on the inner wall of the heat exchange shell by bolts.

[0014] Preferably, the intelligent temperature control system consists of multiple thermocouples located within the secondary catalytic reaction unit, and the thermocouples are electrically connected to the electric regulating valves of the external control system and bypass pipeline.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention promotes full contact between the airflow and the heat exchange tube bundle by setting a porous medium bed with a gradient pore structure and a flow distribution plate with non-uniform flow guide holes. While ensuring high heat exchange efficiency, it improves the uniformity of the temperature field, thereby creating a stable and suitable temperature environment for subsequent catalytic reactions. This fundamentally avoids catalyst sintering and deactivation caused by local overheating and ensures the long-term stable operation of the reaction system. This invention employs a dynamic control mechanism combining an intelligent temperature control system with a bypass pipeline equipped with an electric regulating valve. This mechanism enables real-time monitoring of the temperature of the secondary catalytic bed and dynamic adjustment of the airflow ratio through the heat exchange unit. This design allows the equipment to quickly respond to fluctuations in inlet exhaust gas concentration or load, precisely control the gas temperature entering the deep catalytic oxidation stage, and ensure its operation within the optimal reaction temperature range. This not only significantly improves the stability of short-chain hydrocarbon degradation efficiency but also enhances the system's adaptability to complex operating conditions, reducing increased energy consumption or incomplete reactions caused by inaccurate temperature control. This invention employs a synergistic design of multi-stage catalysis and dynamic heat exchange. Preheating and initial oxidation occur in the first-stage catalytic unit, followed by deep oxidation in the second-stage catalytic unit after precise temperature control, forming a cascaded conversion and temperature-optimized reaction pathway. This structure not only improves the overall degradation rate of short-chain hydrocarbons but also effectively extends catalyst lifespan and reduces operating costs associated with frequent catalyst replacements due to the precision and uniformity of temperature control. Overall, this equipment enhances pollution control while reducing energy consumption and optimizing operational economy, providing a reliable technical solution for the efficient and energy-saving treatment of industrial waste gas. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flow distribution plate structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting position of the support plate of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the heat exchange tube bundle in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the secondary catalytic reaction unit structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the location of the intelligent temperature control system of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the porous media bed structure of the present invention.

[0018] Drawing number explanations: 1. Equipment shell; 2. Airflow inlet; 3. Airflow outlet; 4. Primary catalytic reaction unit; 5. Dynamic heat exchange and temperature control unit; 6. Secondary catalytic reaction unit; 7. Heat exchange shell; 8. Heat exchange tube bundle; 9. Porous media bed; 10. Bypass pipeline; 11. Intelligent temperature control system; 12. Flow distribution plate; 13. Flow guide hole; 14. First media zone; 15. Second media zone; 16. Third media zone; 17. High temperature resistant partition plate; 18. Support perforated plate; 19. Airflow uniform distribution component; 20. Support ring. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] The following description is intended to disclose the invention so that those skilled in the art can implement it. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and other obvious modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention defined in the following description can be used in other embodiments, modifications, improvements, equivalents, and other technical solutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0021] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of this invention, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or position based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are merely simplifications for the convenience of describing this invention and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0022] It is understood that the term "a" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of an element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element can be multiple, and the term "a" should not be understood as a limitation on the number.

[0023] Example 1: Please see Figure 1-8 A multi-stage catalytic coupling dynamic heat exchange and precise temperature control short-chain hydrocarbon high-efficiency degradation device includes: a device shell 1, with an airflow inlet 2 at the top and an airflow outlet 3 at the bottom; a primary catalytic reaction unit 4, a dynamic heat exchange and temperature control unit 5, and a secondary catalytic reaction unit 6 arranged and connected sequentially along the airflow direction; the primary catalytic reaction unit 4 includes a first catalytic bed, which first preheats and initially oxidizes the inlet exhaust gas, thereby improving the initial activity of the gas and reducing the heat load of subsequent units; The dynamic heat exchange temperature control unit 5 includes a heat exchange shell 7, a heat exchange tube bundle 8 disposed within the heat exchange shell 7, a porous media bed 9 filled within the heat exchange shell 7 and covering the heat exchange tube bundle 8, and a bypass pipeline 10 with an electric regulating valve for adjusting the airflow ratio flowing through the unit; the porous media bed 9 has a gradient pore structure along the airflow direction; through the internal heat exchange tube bundle 8 and the gradient pore porous media bed 9 covering it, the airflow is efficiently and uniformly heat exchanged, while the bypass pipeline 10 and the electric regulating valve are used to realize the dynamic adjustment of the airflow ratio, thereby flexibly controlling the heat exchange intensity; The secondary catalytic reaction unit 6 includes a second catalytic bed, which performs deep catalytic oxidation in a precisely temperature-controlled gas environment to ensure complete degradation of pollutants. The primary catalytic reaction unit 4 and the secondary catalytic reaction unit 6 are respectively sealed inside the top inlet and bottom outlet of the heat exchange shell 7, and the bottom outlet of the heat exchange shell 7 is connected to the gas flow outlet 3. The intelligent temperature control system 11 monitors the temperature of the second catalytic bed in real time and controls the opening of the bypass valve to form a closed-loop temperature control, so that the entire system can maintain the optimal reaction temperature when the exhaust gas concentration fluctuates, taking into account degradation efficiency, catalyst life and operating energy consumption.

[0024] In addition, the dynamic heat exchange and temperature control unit 5 also includes a flow distribution plate 12 disposed inside the heat exchange shell 7. The flow distribution plate 12 is located between the airflow inlet 2 and the first-stage catalytic reaction unit 4, and has non-uniformly distributed flow guide holes 13 on it to achieve preliminary distribution and guidance of the airflow. This structure can alleviate the problem of excessively high local flow velocity or uneven distribution that may be caused by the airflow directly impacting the first-stage catalytic reaction unit 4, so that the airflow enters the subsequent reaction and heat exchange area more smoothly and evenly, laying the flow field foundation for the gradient pore structure to exert its temperature uniformity and efficient heat exchange function, and further improving the temperature field uniformity and stability of the entire heat exchange unit; Furthermore, the guide holes 13 on the flow distribution plate 12 have a pore size and pore density that are sparser at the center and denser at the edges along the plate surface. This design is based on fluid dynamics principles and is used to compensate for the natural distribution characteristics of airflow, which is typically high at the center and low at the edges, when entering circular or square cross-section equipment. By guiding more airflow towards the edge region, the guide plate effectively balances the airflow distribution across the entire cross-section, avoiding the problem of excessive heat transfer in the central region and insufficient heat transfer at the edges. This macroscopically promotes the homogenization of the temperature field and enhances the overall consistency of heat transfer and reaction.

[0025] In this technical solution, the gradient pore structure of the porous media bed 9 is formed by filling porous media materials of different particle sizes, with the equivalent particle size of the media increasing along the airflow direction. This structure creates a heat transfer environment with gradually changing porosity and specific surface area: the smaller particle size media at the front end provides a larger contact area, which is conducive to rapid heat exchange; the larger particle size media at the rear end maintains heat exchange capacity while reducing airflow resistance and preventing excessive pressure drop. The gradient structure achieves an optimized balance between heat exchange efficiency and flow resistance, while its gradually changing pore size helps to smooth the airflow, reduce eddies and dead zones, and further enhance temperature uniformity.

[0026] The porous media bed 9 comprises a first media zone 14, a second media zone 15, and a third media zone 16 arranged sequentially along the airflow direction. The first media zone 14 is filled with a medium having a first average particle size; the second media zone 15 is filled with a medium having a second average particle size larger than the first average particle size; and the third media zone 16 is filled with a medium having a third average particle size larger than the second average particle size. The first media zone 14 utilizes small particle size and high specific surface area to achieve rapid heating or cooling of the airflow; the second media zone 15 serves as a transition, balancing heat transfer and pressure drop; and the third media zone 16 utilizes larger particle size to stabilize the airflow and complete the final heat transfer fine-tuning. This gradient structure allows the airflow temperature to approach the target temperature more smoothly and controllably, providing highly stable inlet temperature conditions for the secondary catalytic reaction unit 6.

[0027] Meanwhile, high-temperature resistant partition plates 17 are provided between the first medium zone 14 and the second medium zone 15, and between the second medium zone 15 and the third medium zone 16 to prevent medium mixing; a support perforated plate 18 is provided at the bottom of the third medium zone 16. The high-temperature resistant partition plates 17 physically isolate media of different particle sizes, effectively preventing medium mixing caused by airflow scouring or equipment vibration, and ensuring the long-term stability of the gradient pore structure and the durability of its design function. The support perforated plate 18 at the bottom supports the weight of the entire porous medium bed 9, while its porous structure allows airflow to pass through smoothly. It is bolted to the support ring 20 inside the heat exchange shell 7, forming a robust and easy-to-install and maintain support structure.

[0028] Optionally, the primary catalytic reaction unit 4 and the secondary catalytic reaction unit 6 are internally equipped with airflow distribution components 19, preferably porous plates. Porous plates are simple and reliable in structure. Through the uniformly distributed small holes on their plates, they provide a certain degree of damping and distribution to the airflow, effectively breaking up large streams of airflow into multiple fine streams, promoting uniform diffusion of the airflow across the cross-section of the catalytic bed. This design reduces the sensitivity of airflow distribution to inlet conditions, enhances the reactor's adaptability to unstable airflow, and provides an ideal flow field environment for uniform preheating oxidation and deep oxidation reactions within the catalytic bed.

[0029] In this technical solution, the intelligent temperature control system 11 consists of multiple thermocouples installed within the secondary catalytic reaction unit 6. These thermocouples are electrically connected to the external control system and the electrically operated regulating valve of the bypass pipeline 10. The multiple thermocouples can comprehensively and in real-time monitor the temperature at different locations in the second catalytic bed, acquiring its temperature field distribution information. Based on these temperature feedback signals, the external control system uses algorithms to determine and output control commands, dynamically adjusting the opening of the bypass electric valve. This changes the ratio of airflow through the heat exchange unit to that through the direct bypass, achieving rapid and precise closed-loop control of the gas temperature entering the secondary catalytic unit, ensuring that the deep oxidation reaction always occurs within the optimal temperature window.

[0030] The working principle of this device is as follows: Industrial waste gas containing short-chain hydrocarbons first enters through the airflow inlet 2 at the top of the equipment. The airflow first encounters a guide plate 12 with non-uniformly distributed guide holes 13 (sparse in the center and dense at the edges). The core function of this guide plate is to redistribute the airflow, correcting the uneven distribution that may occur due to pipeline transport, where the flow velocity is high in the center and low at the edges. This forces the airflow to spread more evenly across the entire heat exchange cross-section, creating ideal flow field conditions for subsequent efficient and uniform heat exchange. Next, the airflow flows through the primary catalytic reaction unit 4, where the first catalytic bed preheats the waste gas and utilizes the catalyst's activity for preliminary catalytic oxidation. This stage aims to increase the initial temperature of the waste gas, activate some pollutants, and reduce the load for subsequent deep oxidation, while avoiding directly sending excessively hot airflow into the heat exchange unit. The gas flow after the initial reaction then enters the heat exchange region filled with a gradient porous media bed 9. This bed is typically composed of media with different particle sizes (increasing along the gas flow direction) divided into zones and separated by high-temperature resistant partition plates 17, forming a stable gradient structure that encloses the internal heat exchange tube bundle 8. The small-particle-size front end achieves rapid and intense heat exchange, while the large-particle-size rear end undergoes gentle temperature fine-tuning and stabilization, allowing the gas flow temperature to be precisely controlled within the target range. Simultaneously, a bypass line 10, connected in parallel with the main line and equipped with an electrically controlled regulating valve, provides a shortcut. By adjusting the opening of this valve, the ratio of gas flow through the bypass and main line heat exchange beds can be dynamically changed, thereby achieving rapid and wide-range adjustment of the final mixed gas temperature. The gas, precisely temperature-controlled by the dynamic heat exchange unit 5, enters the secondary catalytic reaction unit 6 at the optimal temperature and in a uniform state. In this unit, the gas flow first passes through a porous plate and other uniformly distributed components to ensure uniform distribution across the cross-section of the second catalytic bed, and then undergoes a deep catalytic oxidation reaction under the action of the catalyst. This stage is carried out at a precisely controlled temperature, ensuring that short-chain hydrocarbons are completely degraded into carbon dioxide and water, achieving the highest pollutant removal efficiency.

[0031] The core control of the entire system is accomplished by the intelligent temperature control system 11. Multiple thermocouples installed inside the second catalytic bed monitor the temperature at different locations in real time and transmit the signals to the external control system. The control system analyzes and calculates based on the preset optimal temperature range and the real-time temperature feedback data. Once a temperature deviation from the set value is detected, the system will immediately issue a command to dynamically adjust the opening of the electric regulating valve on the bypass pipeline 10, changing the mixing ratio of hot and cold air, thereby quickly and accurately adjusting the temperature of the gas entering the secondary catalytic bed back to the optimal range, forming a complete closed-loop control circuit.

[0032] It is worth noting that in the field of waste gas treatment technology, especially in systems involving catalytic oxidation and temperature control, the selection and configuration of external control systems and temperature sensing elements (such as thermocouples) fall within the scope of conventional design and engineering practice for those skilled in the art.

[0033] Specifically, the selection (e.g., using a PLC, DCS, or dedicated controller) and functional implementation (e.g., applying a PID control algorithm) of the external control system in the intelligent temperature control system 11 depend entirely on the actual engineering requirements, such as the specific processing scale, control accuracy, response speed, and level of automation. These requirements are well-known in the field and can be determined through conventional design manuals, product samples, or publicly available technical standards. Similarly, the selection of thermocouples—their type, range, accuracy, number, and location (e.g., uniformly arranged in the second catalytic bed)—is based on general process parameters such as the required monitored temperature range, the optimal activity temperature window of the catalyst, and the reactor dimensions. The methods for selecting and matching these parameters are mature technologies in the field.

[0034] Therefore, the specific models, connection circuits, or details of the control system and sensing elements described above are conventional technical means that can be directly selected and determined by those skilled in the art based on the overall technical solution disclosed in this invention, the technical problem to be solved, and the actual application scenario, without any creative effort. To highlight the core innovation of this invention and maintain the conciseness of the specification, these parts that can be directly implemented based on common knowledge are not described in detail or given specific illustrations in this specification.

[0035] Example 2: This embodiment describes embodiment 1, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the support orifice plate 18 is composed of multiple modular orifice plates spliced ​​together, and adjacent modular orifice plates are fixedly connected by bolts; the support orifice plate 18 is fixedly connected to the support ring 20 on the inner wall of the heat exchange shell 7 by bolts. This modular design greatly facilitates the manufacturing, transportation and on-site installation of the equipment, and is particularly suitable for large equipment. The bolt connection method provides reliable fastening force and necessary disassembly, which facilitates the later inspection, maintenance or replacement of the porous media bed 9 or the heat exchange tube bundle 8, improving the maintainability and service life of the equipment.

[0036] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present invention described above and shown in the accompanying drawings are merely examples and do not limit the present invention. The objectives of the present invention have been fully and effectively achieved. The functions and structural principles of the present invention have been shown and explained in the embodiments, and any modifications or variations of the implementation of the present invention may be made without departing from the principles.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency degradation device for short-chain hydrocarbons with multi-stage catalytic coupling, dynamic heat exchange, and precise temperature control, characterized in that: include: The equipment housing (1) has an airflow inlet (2) at the top and an airflow outlet (3) at the bottom. A primary catalytic reaction unit (4), a dynamic heat exchange and temperature control unit (5), and a secondary catalytic reaction unit (6) are sequentially arranged and connected along the airflow direction. The primary catalytic reaction unit (4) includes a first catalytic bed for preheating and preliminary catalytic oxidation of waste gas containing short-chain hydrocarbons; The dynamic heat exchange temperature control unit (5) includes a heat exchange shell (7), a heat exchange tube bundle (8) disposed in the heat exchange shell (7), a porous media bed (9) filled in the heat exchange shell (7) and covering the heat exchange tube bundle (8), and a bypass pipeline (10) with an electric regulating valve for adjusting the proportion of airflow through the unit; the porous media bed (9) has a pore structure with gradient changes along the airflow direction; The secondary catalytic reaction unit (6) includes a second catalytic bed for deep catalytic oxidation of gas at a precisely controlled temperature; The primary catalytic reaction unit (4) and the secondary catalytic reaction unit (6) are respectively sealed inside the top inlet and the bottom outlet of the heat exchange shell (7), and the bottom outlet of the heat exchange shell (7) is connected to the gas outlet (3). The intelligent temperature control system (11) is used to monitor the temperature of the second catalytic bed and dynamically adjust the opening of the bypass pipeline (10) to control the temperature of the gas entering the second catalytic bed.

2. The high-efficiency short-chain hydrocarbon degradation device with multi-stage catalytic coupling, dynamic heat exchange, and precise temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic heat exchange temperature control unit (5) also includes a flow distribution plate (12) disposed inside the heat exchange shell (7). The flow distribution plate (12) is located between the airflow inlet (2) and the first-stage catalytic reaction unit (4), and has non-uniformly distributed flow holes (13) on it.

3. The high-efficiency short-chain hydrocarbon degradation device with multi-stage catalytic coupling, dynamic heat exchange, and precise temperature control according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flow guide holes (13) on the flow guide distribution plate (12) have a diameter and density that are sparse in the center and dense at the edge along the plate surface.

4. The high-efficiency short-chain hydrocarbon degradation device with multi-stage catalytic coupling, dynamic heat exchange, and precise temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gradient pore structure of the porous media bed (9) is formed by filling porous media materials of different particle sizes, and the equivalent particle size of the media increases along the airflow direction.

5. The high-efficiency short-chain hydrocarbon degradation device with multi-stage catalytic coupling, dynamic heat exchange, and precise temperature control according to claim 4, characterized in that: The porous media bed (9) includes a first media region (14), a second media region (15), and a third media region (16) arranged sequentially along the airflow direction; wherein the media filled in the first media region (14) has a first average particle size, the media filled in the second media region (15) has a second average particle size greater than the first average particle size, and the media filled in the third media region (16) has a third average particle size greater than the second average particle size.

6. The high-efficiency short-chain hydrocarbon degradation device with multi-stage catalytic coupling, dynamic heat exchange, and precise temperature control according to claim 5, characterized in that: A high-temperature resistant partition plate (17) is provided between the first medium zone (14) and the second medium zone (15), and between the second medium zone (15) and the third medium zone (16) to prevent medium mixing; a support perforated plate (18) is provided at the bottom of the third medium zone (16).

7. The high-efficiency short-chain hydrocarbon degradation device with multi-stage catalytic coupling, dynamic heat exchange, and precise temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary catalytic reaction unit (4) and the secondary catalytic reaction unit (6) are equipped with airflow distribution components (19).

8. The high-efficiency short-chain hydrocarbon degradation device with multi-stage catalytic coupling, dynamic heat exchange, and precise temperature control according to claim 7, characterized in that: The airflow distribution component (19) is a perforated plate.

9. The high-efficiency short-chain hydrocarbon degradation device with multi-stage catalytic coupling, dynamic heat exchange, and precise temperature control according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support perforated plate (18) is composed of multiple modular perforated plates spliced ​​together, and two adjacent modular perforated plates are fixedly connected by bolts; the support perforated plate (18) is fixedly connected to the support ring (20) on the inner wall of the heat exchange shell (7) by bolts.

10. The high-efficiency degradation device for short-chain hydrocarbons with multi-stage catalytic coupling, dynamic heat exchange, and precise temperature control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent temperature control system (11) consists of multiple thermocouples located within the secondary catalytic reaction unit (6), and the thermocouples are electrically connected to the external control system and the electric regulating valve of the bypass pipeline (10).

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