Aluminum casting waste recovery equipment and method for automobile parts

Abstract

The invention relates to aluminum casting waste recycling equipment and method for automobile parts, and belongs to the technical field of automobile aluminum casting recycling. Through the mutual cooperation effect of knife rollers, spiral cutter heads and stepped impact plates, firstly, large-size entanglements are subjected to the longitudinal shearing effect of the paired reversely-rotating knife rollers in a longitudinal shearing pre-partition area, and the large-size entanglements are sheared off and put in order; then, the materials fall into a transverse shearing dissociation area, transverse shearing, scraping and radial throwing are applied to the materials through an obliquely-installed spiral cutter head, and the bonding interface of the composite particles is continuously weakened through multiple times of collision and friction; then, the materials impact on the stepped multidirectional impact plate, multidirectional random rebound is triggered through staggered steps and rough surfaces, stress concentration and local shearing are generated at the joint surface, and final dissociation of aluminum and the heterogeneous materials is achieved; and the problems of low purity of the secondary aluminum and easy degradation circulation caused by difficult separation of the composite particles in the traditional recovery process are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of automotive aluminum casting recycling technology, specifically relating to a recycling device and method for aluminum casting waste in automotive parts. Background Technology

[0002] In the automotive industry, the material composition of auto parts is becoming increasingly complex. Aluminum castings are frequently used due to their advantages of light weight and high strength. During vehicle scrapping or repair, a large amount of waste parts containing various materials such as aluminum, iron, copper, and plastics are generated. To achieve resource recycling, these aluminum casting wastes need to be efficiently recycled. Currently, common aluminum casting recycling processes mainly include crushing and sorting, with sorting often relying on physical methods such as eddy current separation and density separation.

[0003] However, in actual recycling processes, aluminum castings are often tightly bonded to materials such as iron and plastic. After crushing, they easily form composite particles such as "aluminum-clad iron" and "aluminum-clad plastic," as well as irregularly shaped materials such as tangled cables and thin sheets. The physical properties of these composite materials are between those of aluminum and other materials, making it difficult for traditional sorting methods to effectively identify and separate them. When impurities enter the aluminum feed stream, they not only reduce the purity of recycled aluminum but may also trigger "downgraded recycling," seriously affecting the product quality and application value of recycled aluminum. Therefore, how to achieve efficient and thorough separation of aluminum from heterogeneous materials such as iron and plastic in aluminum casting waste has become a key problem that urgently needs to be solved in current recycling technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this invention provides a recycling device and method for aluminum casting waste in automotive parts, which solves the problem in the prior art where composite particles formed by the tight bonding of aluminum with dissimilar materials such as iron and plastic in aluminum casting waste cannot be efficiently separated, resulting in impurities being mixed into the recycled aluminum stream.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: A waste aluminum casting recycling device for automotive parts includes a support frame, a separation cylinder body mounted on the support frame, a feed inlet located at the upper end of the separation cylinder body, a bidirectional inclined vibrating screen located at the bottom of the separation cylinder body, and several collection troughs connected to the bidirectional inclined vibrating screen. The inner cavity of the separation cylinder body is vertically arranged with several pairs of cutter rollers, a spiral cutter disc, and a stepped multi-directional impact plate. The cutter rollers are driven to rotate by a first drive mechanism, and the spiral cutter disc rotates around its axis by a second drive mechanism to apply lateral shearing and guiding propulsion to the falling material. The stepped multi-directional impact plate remains stationary during operation to provide a multi-directional impact surface. The bidirectional inclined vibrating screen, through vibration, diverts the processed material to the collection troughs according to particle size.

[0006] As a further embodiment of the present invention, several pairs of the cutter rollers are arranged in pairs with parallel axes, and the rotation directions of adjacent cutter rollers are opposite. The cutting edges of the cutter rollers are staggered along the circumference and form an adjustable shearing gap with the opposing cutter rollers.

[0007] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the spiral cutter disc is composed of a hub and multiple spiral blades extending radially. The pitch of the spiral blades gradually increases from the inner edge to the outer edge, and there are several spiral cutter discs, which are coaxially spaced in the vertical direction.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the stepped multi-directional impact plate includes several concentric stepped platforms, with adjacent stepped platforms arranged in a staggered manner to form multi-directional impact and random rebound trajectories when materials come into contact, and the surface of the stepped platforms is provided with roughened protrusions.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the bidirectional inclined vibrating screen is driven by a vibrating motor to generate vibration, and the screen of the bidirectional inclined vibrating screen is a combination of multiple screens with different apertures, and the multiple screens with different apertures are respectively connected to several collection tanks.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the spiral cutter disc is connected to the separation cylinder body via an adjustable tilt angle mounting seat disposed on the inner wall of the separation cylinder body. The adjustable tilt angle mounting seat allows the spiral cutter disc to be adjusted and locked within the range of 15° to 30°.

[0011] A method for recycling scrap aluminum castings used in automotive parts includes the following steps: S1: Select the separation cylinder height as L, and divide the separation cylinder into three heights from top to bottom: 1 / 3 L, 1 / 2 L, and 1 / 6 L. Divide the separation cylinder areas within the three heights into longitudinal shearing pre-division, transverse shearing dissociation zone, and multi-directional impact separation zone, respectively. Several pairs of knife rollers are vertically arranged in the separation cylinder of the longitudinal shearing pre-division zone. A spiral cutter disc with a certain inclination angle is arranged in the separation cylinder of the transverse shearing dissociation zone. A stepped multi-directional impact plate is arranged in the separation cylinder of the multi-directional impact separation zone. S2: The aluminum casting waste to be processed is fed into the longitudinal shearing pre-section. Using pairs of oppositely arranged and counter-rotating cutter rollers, the material is sheared and pressed in the falling direction through the adjustable shearing gap, so that large-sized thin sheets, tangled clumps and strips are cut off and regularized to the preset particle size range, thus achieving the initial peeling of composite particles. S3: The material pretreated by S2 falls into the transverse shearing and dissociation zone. The spiral cutter head installed at a set angle applies transverse shearing, scraping and radial guiding action to the material. The spiral blades alternately throw and fall the material along a path from the inside to the outside. S4: The material continues to fall and impacts a stepped multi-directional impact plate composed of several concentric stepped platforms with adjacent steps tangentially staggered. The roughened platform induces multi-directional, irregular rebounds and secondary impacts, causing the composite particles that have not been completely decoupled to generate multi-point stress concentration and local shear at the bonding surface, which promotes further separation and refinement of aluminum and composite materials. S5: The material after impact dissociation falls to the bottom bidirectional inclined vibrating screen. The material passes through at least two stages of screens with different apertures in sequence, and is initially classified and diverted according to differences in particle size, shape and elasticity. S6: By connecting the discharge ends of each stage of the bidirectional inclined vibrating screen with the corresponding collection tanks, the oversize, middle and undersize materials are respectively introduced into the corresponding collection tanks to achieve recycling and impurity separation.

[0012] As a further aspect of the present invention, in step S3, the angle between the spiral cutter head and the horizontal plane is set to 15° ~ 30°.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention, in step S2, the shearing gap between the opposing cutter rollers is adjusted so that the sheared material is vertically introduced into the inner guide area of ​​the spiral cutter disc described in step S3 under the action of gravity.

[0014] As a further aspect of the present invention, the maximum unfolded diameter of the concentric stepped platforms is 1.2 to 1.5 times the outer diameter of the spiral cutter head.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes the combined action of a cutting roller, a spiral cutter disc, and a stepped impact plate. First, in the longitudinal shearing pre-section, the material is subjected to longitudinal shearing action by paired, counter-rotating cutting rollers, cutting off and standardizing large-sized entangled materials. Then, the material falls into the transverse shearing and dissociation zone, where the inclined spiral cutter disc applies transverse shearing, scraping, and radial throwing, continuously weakening the bonding interface of the composite particles through multiple collisions and friction. Next, the material impacts the stepped multi-directional impact plate, where the staggered steps and rough surface induce multi-directional random rebounds, generating stress concentration and localized shearing at the bonding surface, achieving the final dissociation of aluminum from the heterogeneous material. This solves the problem of low purity and easy "downgrading" of recycled aluminum caused by the difficulty in separating composite particles in traditional recycling processes. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the separation cylinder body structure of the present invention; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the spiral cutter head structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the separation cylinder region division method of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the aluminum casting waste recycling method of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of key component symbols: In the diagram: 1. Support frame; 2. Separating cylinder body; 21. Cutting roller; 22. Spiral cutter disc; 221. Hub; 222. Spiral blade; 23. Stepped multi-directional impact plate; 3. Feed inlet; 4. Bidirectional inclined vibrating screen; 5. Collection trough; 6. Adjustable tilt angle mounting base. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided.

[0020] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 5 This embodiment provides a waste aluminum casting recycling device for automotive parts, including a support frame 1, a separation cylinder body 2 mounted on the support frame 1, a feed inlet 3 mounted on the upper end of the separation cylinder body 2, a bidirectional inclined vibrating screen 4 mounted at the bottom of the separation cylinder body 2, and several collection tanks 5 connected to the bidirectional inclined vibrating screen 4. The inner cavity of the separation cylinder body 2 is arranged vertically with several pairs of cutter rollers 21, a spiral cutter disc 22, and a stepped multidirectional impact plate 23. The cutter rollers 21 are driven to rotate by a first drive mechanism. The spiral cutter disc 22 rotates around its axis by a second drive mechanism to apply lateral shearing and guiding propulsion to the falling material. The stepped multidirectional impact plate 23 remains stationary during operation to provide a multidirectional impact surface. The bidirectional inclined vibrating screen 4 divides the processed material into the collection tanks 5 according to particle size through vibration. The first drive mechanism and the second drive mechanism are a first motor and a second motor, respectively.

[0021] The system employs paired, counter-rotating, interlaced blade rollers 21 to create a scissor effect, primarily applying shearing force along the material's falling direction. This effectively cuts entangled materials and long strips, crushing them to a controllable size range, creating a uniform material base for subsequent finer separation. The spiral blades 222 generate transverse shearing and scraping forces, cutting and rubbing the surface of the composite particles like a scraper. As the material is thrown from the center to the outer edge, the acceleration gradually increases, increasing the probability of collisions and friction between the material and the blades, the material and the cylinder wall, and among the materials themselves, thus enhancing the separation effect. After the aforementioned powerful separation, aluminum, iron, plastics, etc., have been basically separated into monomers or loose aggregates. Due to their different materials, they will differ in particle size, shape, and elasticity. The multi-stage screen combination can quickly divert these differences, achieving initial enrichment and greatly reducing the load on subsequent fine separation methods such as eddy current and magnetic separation.

[0022] Furthermore, the dissociation of composite particles by the equipment is a progressive mechanical destruction process. In the longitudinal shearing pre-segmentation, the paired counter-rotating cutter rollers mainly apply shearing force to the material. Their working mode is similar to that of scissors. The purpose is to cut off irregularly shaped materials such as entangled objects and strips on a large scale, destroy the overall macroscopic structure of the composite particles, and regularize them to create a uniform material basis for subsequent processing. The pre-treated material enters the transverse shearing and dissociation zone. When the inclined spiral cutter head rotates, its spiral blades simultaneously generate transverse scraping and radial throwing effects on the falling material. The core mechanical behavior at this stage is peeling force and alternating stress. The scraping action of the spiral blades directly acts on the interface of the composite particles, generating continuous peeling stress. The repeated throwing and falling of the material, along with collisions with the blades, cylinder walls, and other materials, introduces complex, multi-directional alternating stress at the interface, causing fatigue damage and continuous weakening of the interface. Finally, the material enters the multi-directional impact separation zone and impacts the stationary stepped multi-directional impact plate. The core mechanism at this stage is to achieve final dissociation by utilizing impact concentration stress and local shear. The staggered stepped edges and roughened protrusions on the surface cause unpredictable random rebounds when the material impacts. Its kinetic energy is instantly converted into huge concentrated stress at a very small contact point. If this point is located at the interface of heterogeneous materials, it will produce a significant stress concentration effect and local shear deformation, thereby forcefully prying open and separating those stubborn bonding points that have not been completely decoupled after the first two stages. The entire process achieves a synergistic and progressive dissociation from macroscopic shearing and interface peeling to microscopic stress concentration breaking.

[0023] In addition, the "cutter roller-spiral cutter head-stepped impact plate" processing sequence designed here constitutes a rigorous system. Its logic and coordination are crucial and cannot be omitted or reversed. First, the longitudinal shearing and regularization of the cutter roller is the prerequisite for all subsequent efficient processing. Untreated raw waste materials vary in size and shape, and especially contain a large amount of entangled material. If they directly enter the spiral cutter head area, it is very easy to cause uneven feeding, cutter head jamming, or sudden load changes, making it impossible to form an effective throwing and collision flow field. The pre-shearing of the cutter roller eliminates this uncertainty, outputting materials with relatively uniform size, ensuring that the spiral cutter head can stably and efficiently receive and process materials. Secondly, the lateral shearing and throwing of the spiral cutter head plays a crucial role in connecting the upper and lower stages. It not only receives the regularized material provided by the cutter roller for deep interface stripping, but its own functional output is also the key input for the next stage of effective work. The spiral cutter head imparts significant horizontal momentum and random motion direction to the material through throwing. Without this link, the material would fall vertically by gravity alone, and the impact plate below would only be able to receive impacts with limited kinetic energy in a single direction, and its multi-directional and random design advantages would not be able to be brought into play. Finally, the stepped multi-directional impact plate is designed to maximize the use of the "material kinetic energy package" output by the spiral cutter head. Its staggered steps and rough surface are essentially an optimized structure that converts directional projectile kinetic energy into multi-directional random collision energy. It perfectly receives material impacts from the spiral cutter head above at different directions and speeds, and concentrates the impact energy at the weak points of the particle bonding interface through a complex rebound path. If the impact plate is placed after the cutter roller, the impact effect will be sharply reduced due to the lack of horizontal momentum and randomness of the material. If the impact plate is missing, many "stubborn" bonding points that have been weakened but not separated in the first two stages will not be finally broken, affecting the overall dissociation rate and the purity of aluminum. Therefore, the order of the three functional units is a necessary requirement for the dissociation process. Any missing link or reversal of the order will destroy this "pre-regulation-deep peeling-final breaking" logic, resulting in a significant decrease in equipment processing efficiency, dissociation thoroughness, and the purity of the final recycled aluminum.

[0024] Since automotive aluminum castings are often tightly bonded with heterogeneous materials such as iron and plastic, after recycling and crushing, they easily form composite particles such as "aluminum-clad iron" and "aluminum-clad plastic." Traditional physical sorting methods are difficult to separate them effectively, resulting in reduced purity of recycled aluminum and affecting its recycling value. To address this, a waste aluminum casting recycling device for automotive parts was designed. In the vertical direction, a cutter roller 21, a spiral cutter disc 22, and a stepped multi-directional impact plate 23 are arranged sequentially to achieve longitudinal shearing pretreatment, transverse shearing dissociation, and multi-directional impact separation, respectively. These components work synergistically on the falling material to gradually destroy the bonding interface between aluminum and other materials in the composite particles. Finally, the material is collected by particle size classification through a bidirectional inclined vibrating screen 4, thereby achieving efficient and thorough separation of heterogeneous composite materials in aluminum casting waste and improving the purity and recycling value of recycled aluminum.

[0025] To address the initial shaping issues of large-sized sheets, tangled clumps, and strips, which would directly interfere with subsequent efficient dissociation if not pre-treated, in one embodiment, several pairs of cutter rollers 21 are arranged in pairs with parallel axes. Adjacent cutter rollers 21 rotate in opposite directions, and their blades are staggered circumferentially to form an adjustable shearing gap with the opposing cutter rollers 21. This adjustable shearing gap adapts to different initial material sizes and hardnesses, applying a complex force perpendicular to the falling direction to the pre-sheared material. This primarily disrupts the interface between aluminum and iron / plastic. The use of paired, counter-rotating cutter rollers 21 with staggered blades creates a scissor effect, mainly applying shearing force along the material's falling direction. This effectively cuts tangled materials and long strips, crushing them to a controllable size range, creating a uniform material base for subsequent finer dissociation. The adjustable gap prevents over-crushing, ensuring that the material maintains a size conducive to operation even when entering the downstream process.

[0026] To improve the separation of composite particles formed by the tight bonding of aluminum with dissimilar materials such as iron and plastic in aluminum casting waste, in one embodiment, the spiral cutter disc 22 consists of a hub 221 and multiple radially extending spiral blades 222. The pitch of the spiral blades 222 gradually increases from the inner edge to the outer edge, and there are several spiral cutter discs 22, which are coaxially spaced in the vertical direction. When the material falls from the center, the small pitch at the inner edge begins to apply shearing and guiding force. As the material moves outward under the action of centrifugal force, its speed increases. The large pitch at the outer edge can prevent the material from clogging between the blades and provide a steeper projection angle, allowing the material to impact the cylinder wall or other blades with higher energy, thus enhancing the separation effect. However, the single cutter disc... Due to the limited area and duration of action, a multi-layered cutterhead is used to repeatedly subject the material to lateral shearing, throwing, and retracement during its free fall. This significantly increases the time and probability of the material being subjected to mechanical forces (collision, friction, shearing), ensuring that even stubborn composite particles can be fully processed. The stepped multi-directional impact plate 23 includes several concentric stepped platforms, with adjacent platforms arranged in a staggered manner to create multi-directional impacts and random rebound trajectories when the material contacts it. Furthermore, the surface of the stepped platforms is provided with roughened protrusions. After the material impacts any step, its rebound direction becomes highly random and unpredictable due to the staggered arrangement of adjacent steps, increasing the probability of multiple, multi-angle collisions within a limited space. Additionally, the roughened protrusions on the surface further enhance this effect. Further refining the stepped impact into point impact, the protrusions can more effectively interact with the junction of composite particles, generating localized stress concentration. Simultaneously, increased friction consumes the material's kinetic energy, converting it more effectively into the deformation energy required for dissociation. The bidirectional inclined vibrating screen 4 is driven by a vibrating motor to generate vibration. The screen of the bidirectional inclined vibrating screen 4 is a combination of multiple screens with different apertures, and these screens are connected to several collection tanks 5, forming a particle size classification system. After the initial strong dissociation, different materials such as aluminum (potentially in flake form), plastic (potentially in granular or flake form), and iron (potentially in granular form) will exhibit different particle size distributions and shape characteristics. The multi-stage screen can initially separate the material according to size, and the multi-stage screen is connected to several collection tanks 5 to achieve physical diversion. Materials of different particle sizes are directly introduced into different collection tanks 5. For example, the finest powder and the coarsest incompletely disintegrated lumps can be separated, enriching the intermediate-sized aluminum flakes. The spiral cutter disc 22 is connected to the separation cylinder body 2 via an adjustable tilt angle mounting seat 6 set on the inner wall of the separation cylinder body 2. The adjustable tilt angle mounting seat 6 allows the spiral cutter disc 22 to be adjusted and locked within the range of 15° to 30°. The tilt angle directly affects two key parameters: one is the axial sliding speed of the material on the cutter disc, which affects the residence time; the other is the tangential projectile force exerted by the cutter disc on the material, which affects the collision energy. If the tilt angle is small, such as 15°, the material slides slowly, the residence time is long, and the shearing action is more thorough, which is suitable for processing materials that are difficult to disintegrate or wet and sticky. A larger tilt angle, such as 30°, is suitable for processing materials that are difficult to disintegrate or wet and sticky.The material slides quickly, passes through rapidly, and has a large processing capacity, making it suitable for handling materials that are relatively easy to separate or dry.

[0027] A method for recycling scrap aluminum castings used in automotive parts includes the following steps: S1: Select the separation cylinder height as L, and divide the separation cylinder into three heights from top to bottom: 1 / 3 L, 1 / 2 L and 1 / 6 L. Divide the separation cylinder areas within the three heights into longitudinal shearing pre-division, transverse shearing dissociation zone and multi-directional impact separation zone, respectively. Several pairs of knife rollers 21 are vertically arranged in the separation cylinder of the longitudinal shearing pre-division. A spiral cutter disc 22 with a certain inclination angle is arranged in the separation cylinder of the transverse shearing dissociation zone. A stepped multi-directional impact plate 23 is arranged in the separation cylinder of the multi-directional impact separation zone. It should be noted that the longitudinal shearing pre-zone is 1 / 3 L. The core of this zone is the shearing of the cutter roller 21. Sufficient height is required to ensure that the material can enter the gap of the cutter roller 21 at a certain speed and be pressed in with the assistance of gravity. The 1 / 3 height provides the necessary potential energy conversion space to ensure that the shearing action is powerful and continuous, but it does not need to be too long, because its main task is to make large pieces regular. The transverse shearing dissociation zone is 1 / 2 L. This is the most critical and time-consuming dissociation stage, so it is allocated half of the maximum height. The spiral cutter disc 22 is set in multiple layers. The material needs to be repeatedly thrown up, fallen back, and sheared in this zone, undergoing multiple cycles. The larger space means a longer residence time and more times of action, thereby ensuring more complete dissociation. The multi-directional impact separation zone is 1 / 6 L. This zone mainly relies on impact and rebound. It does not need a long free fall distance, because its effectiveness depends on the structural design of the impact plate rather than the fall height. The shorter height is conducive to controlling the material speed and avoiding excessive crushing or direct splashing of the material due to excessive speed. Instead, it allows the material to undergo dense random collisions in a relatively compact space.

[0028] S2: The aluminum casting waste to be processed is fed into the longitudinal shearing pre-section. Using pairs of opposing and counter-rotating cutter rollers 21, the material is sheared and pressed in the falling direction through an adjustable shearing gap. This cuts off large-sized flakes, tangled clumps, and strips and regularizes them to a preset particle size range, achieving the initial separation of composite particles. Difficult-to-process irregularly shaped materials are pre-cut and regularized into relatively uniform block or sheet materials. This not only prevents equipment failure, but more importantly, it destroys the overall structure of the composite particles, exposing more bonding interfaces and creating conditions for subsequent fine dissociation. S3: The material pretreated by S2 falls into the transverse shearing and dissociation zone. The spiral cutter head 22 installed at a set angle applies transverse shearing, scraping and radial guiding action to the material. The spiral blades 222 alternately throw and fall the material along the path from the inside to the outside. The transverse shearing force acts directly on the particle surface and the bonding surface to cut and rub off. The radial throwing and falling cause a lot of collisions and friction between the materials and between the materials and the inner wall of the equipment. This complex motion state causes the composite particles to be subjected to stress from all angles, continuously fatigued and weakened at the bonding interface. S4: The material continues to fall and impacts the stepped multi-directional impact plate 23, which is composed of several concentric stepped platforms with adjacent steps tangentially staggered. The roughened platform induces multi-directional and irregular rebounds and secondary impacts, causing the composite particles that are not yet fully decoupled to generate multi-point stress concentration and local shear at the bonding surface, promoting further separation and refinement of aluminum and composite materials. When the particles hit the edges or rough protrusions of the steps, the impact force will be concentrated on a very small contact point. If this point happens to be located at the junction of aluminum and heterogeneous materials, it will generate huge local shear stress, thereby prying the two apart and specifically breaking through the last key bonding point. S5: The material after impact dissociation falls to the bottom bidirectional inclined vibrating screen 4. The material passes through at least two stages of screens with different apertures in sequence, and is initially classified and diverted according to differences in particle size, shape and elasticity. S6: By connecting the discharge ends of each stage of the bidirectional inclined vibrating screen 4 with the corresponding collection tanks 5, the oversize, middle, and undersize materials are respectively introduced into the corresponding collection tanks 5, achieving recycling and impurity separation. After the strong dissociation in steps S2-S4, aluminum, plastic, iron, etc., will exhibit different particle sizes, shapes, and elasticities due to their different materials. The vibrating screen utilizes these differences in physical properties for preliminary classification. For example, heavier iron filings may pass through the screen faster, and flaky aluminum and granular plastic may be distributed in different particle sizes. By diverting the flow to different collection tanks 5, preliminary enrichment and classification are achieved, greatly reducing the load and difficulty of subsequent fine separation processes such as magnetic separation and eddy current separation.

[0029] To further improve the efficiency and thoroughness of separating composite particles, in one embodiment, in step S3, the angle between the spiral cutter disc 22 and the horizontal plane is set to 15°~30°. 15° can be considered the lower limit to ensure sufficient dissociation; at this angle, the material sliding speed is relatively slow, ensuring sufficient contact time for repeated scraping and shearing by the spiral blades 222. This is suitable for processing materials that are difficult to dissociate or have strong adhesion. 30° can be considered the upper limit to ensure reasonable efficiency; at this angle, the material can pass through at a higher axial speed, ensuring throughput, while the angle still provides sufficient normal component. This is suitable for processing materials that are easier to dissociate or dry. The shearing gap between the opposing cutter rollers 21 is adjusted so that the sheared material is vertically introduced into the spiral cutter disc 22 in step S3 under the action of gravity. In the inner inlet zone, the adjustable shearing gap of the cutter roller 21 effectively controls the flow rate and dispersion angle of the discharged material. The goal is to concentrate and vertically guide it into the central area of ​​the lower spiral cutter disc 22, i.e., the inner inlet zone, under the influence of gravity. This ensures that the longitudinal shearing output perfectly matches the optimal input conditions of the transverse shearing design. Starting from the center of the cutter disc, the material is accelerated and thrown from the inside out by the spiral blades 222, achieving seamless and efficient connection and energy transfer between processes. The maximum unfolded diameter of several concentric stepped platforms is 1.2 ~ the outer diameter of the spiral cutter disc 22. If the diameter of the impact plate is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the spiral cutter head 22, the material ejected at high speed to the outermost periphery by the cutter head will have the highest kinetic energy and will directly impact the vertical inner wall of the separation cylinder, rather than the designed stepped impact plate. This results in the most destructive impact energy being absorbed and wasted by the cylinder wall, and cannot be used for effective separation. If the diameter of the impact plate is too large, such as the maximum unfolding diameter of the concentric stepped platform being more than 1.5 times the outer diameter of the spiral cutter head 22, although it can capture all the material, it will lead to an unnecessary increase in the size of the equipment. More importantly, the material ejected from the outer edge of the cutter head needs to fly... It takes a relatively long distance of no action to reach the outer edge of the impact plate. During this period, its horizontal velocity will decrease due to air resistance, resulting in a decrease in impact energy. 1.2 times is regarded as the lower limit for safe capture, ensuring that the trajectory of most materials thrown by the spiral cutter head 22 at the maximum tangential velocity can be covered by the extended outer edge of the impact plate, preventing high-energy materials from escaping. 1.5 times is regarded as the upper limit for economic efficiency, ensuring an extremely high capture rate while avoiding excessive increase in the diameter of the impact plate. This ratio is based on a comprehensive consideration of material projection trajectory, velocity attenuation, and equipment compactness, ensuring that the material hits the impact plate at the moment of minimum kinetic energy loss.

[0030] Working principle and usage process of this invention: In operation, aluminum casting waste is fed into the separation cylinder through the feed inlet 3. First, it is subjected to longitudinal shearing action by paired counter-rotating cutter rollers 21 in the longitudinal shearing pre-section, and large-sized entangled materials are cut off and straightened. Then, the material falls into the transverse shearing and dissociation zone, where it is subjected to transverse shearing, scraping and radial throwing by the inclined spiral cutter disc 22. Through multiple collisions and frictions, the bonding interface of the composite particles is continuously weakened. Next, the material impacts the stepped multi-directional impact plate 23, and the staggered steps and rough surface cause multi-directional random rebounds, generating stress concentration and local shearing at the bonding surface, achieving the final dissociation of aluminum and heterogeneous materials. Finally, the dissociated mixture falls to the bottom of the bidirectional inclined vibrating screen 4, where it is classified by particle size, shape and elasticity differences through multi-stage screens with different apertures, and diverted to the corresponding collection tank 5, completing the initial separation.

[0031] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for recycling aluminum casting waste for automotive parts, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Select the separation cylinder height as L, and divide the separation cylinder into three heights from top to bottom: 1 / 3 L, 1 / 2 L, and 1 / 6 L. Divide the separation cylinder areas within the three heights into longitudinal shearing pre-division, transverse shearing dissociation zone, and multi-directional impact separation zone, respectively. Several pairs of knife rollers are vertically arranged in the separation cylinder of the longitudinal shearing pre-division zone. A spiral cutter disc with a certain inclination angle is arranged in the separation cylinder of the transverse shearing dissociation zone. A stepped multi-directional impact plate is arranged in the separation cylinder of the multi-directional impact separation zone. S2: The aluminum casting waste to be processed is fed into the longitudinal shearing pre-section. Using pairs of oppositely arranged and counter-rotating cutter rollers, the material is sheared and pressed in the falling direction through the adjustable shearing gap, so that large-sized thin sheets, tangled clumps and strips are cut off and regularized to the preset particle size range, thus achieving the initial peeling of composite particles. S3: The material pretreated by S2 falls into the transverse shearing and dissociation zone. The spiral cutter head installed at a set angle applies transverse shearing, scraping and radial guiding action to the material. The spiral blades alternately throw and fall the material along a path from the inside to the outside. S4: The material continues to fall and impacts a stepped multi-directional impact plate composed of several concentric stepped platforms with adjacent steps tangentially staggered. The roughened platform induces multi-directional, irregular rebounds and secondary impacts, causing the composite particles that have not been completely decoupled to generate multi-point stress concentration and local shear at the bonding surface, which promotes further separation and refinement of aluminum and composite materials. S5: The material after impact dissociation falls to the bottom bidirectional inclined vibrating screen. The material passes through at least two stages of screens with different apertures in sequence, and is initially classified and diverted according to differences in particle size, shape and elasticity. S6: By connecting the discharge ends of each stage of the bidirectional inclined vibrating screen with the corresponding collection tanks, the oversize, middle and undersize materials are respectively introduced into the corresponding collection tanks to achieve recycling and impurity separation.

2. The method for recycling aluminum casting waste for automotive parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the angle between the spiral cutter head and the horizontal plane is set to 15°~30°.

3. A method for recycling aluminum casting waste for automotive parts according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the shearing gap between the opposing cutter rollers is adjusted so that the sheared material is vertically introduced into the inner guide area of ​​the spiral cutter disc described in step S3 under the action of gravity.

4. A method for recycling aluminum casting waste for automotive parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum unfolded diameter of some of the concentric stepped platforms is 1.2 to 1.5 times the outer diameter of the spiral cutter head.

5. A recycling device for aluminum casting waste in automotive parts, based on the recycling method for aluminum casting waste in automotive parts according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The system includes a support frame, a separation cylinder body mounted on the support frame, a feed inlet located at the upper end of the separation cylinder body, a bidirectional inclined vibrating screen located at the bottom of the separation cylinder body, and several collection troughs connected to the bidirectional inclined vibrating screen. The inner cavity of the separation cylinder body is arranged vertically with several pairs of cutter rollers, a spiral cutter disc, and a stepped multidirectional impact plate. The cutter rollers are driven to rotate by a first drive mechanism, and the spiral cutter disc rotates around its axis by a second drive mechanism to apply lateral shearing and guiding propulsion to the falling material. The stepped multidirectional impact plate remains stationary during operation to provide a multidirectional impact surface. The bidirectional inclined vibrating screen divides the processed material into the collection troughs according to particle size through vibration.

6. The aluminum casting waste recycling equipment for automotive parts according to claim 5, characterized in that, Several pairs of cutter rollers are arranged in pairs with parallel axes, and adjacent cutter rollers rotate in opposite directions. The cutting edges of the cutter rollers are staggered along the circumference and form an adjustable shearing gap with the opposing cutter rollers.

7. A waste aluminum casting recycling device for automotive parts according to claim 5, characterized in that, The spiral cutter head consists of a hub and multiple spiral blades extending radially. The pitch of the spiral blades gradually increases from the inner edge to the outer edge, and there are several spiral cutter heads, which are coaxially spaced in the vertical direction.

8. A waste aluminum casting recycling device for automotive parts according to claim 5, characterized in that, The stepped multi-directional impact plate includes several concentric stepped platforms, with adjacent stepped platforms staggered to form multi-directional impact and random rebound trajectories when materials come into contact, and the surface of the stepped platforms is provided with roughened protrusions.

9. A waste aluminum casting recycling device for automotive parts according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bidirectional inclined vibrating screen generates vibration by being driven by a vibrating motor. The screen of the bidirectional inclined vibrating screen is a combination of multiple screens with different apertures, and the multiple screens with different apertures are respectively connected to several collection tanks.

10. A waste aluminum casting recycling device for automotive parts according to claim 5, characterized in that, The spiral cutter disc is connected to the separation cylinder body via an adjustable tilt angle mounting seat located on the inner wall of the separation cylinder body. The adjustable tilt angle mounting seat allows the spiral cutter disc to be adjusted and locked within the range of 15° to 30°.

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