Grinding wheel grinding machine for machining shaft workpieces

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of grinding machines, and provides a grinding wheel grinding machine for shaft workpiece machining, which comprises a grinding machine body and a grinding wheel frame arranged on the grinding machine body, and further comprises an auxiliary frame and two auxiliary supporting mechanisms, the auxiliary frame is arranged on the grinding machine body and located on one side of the grinding wheel frame, and the auxiliary supporting mechanisms are arranged on the grinding machine body. The two auxiliary supporting mechanisms are arranged on the auxiliary frame in a sliding mode through a supporting adjusting assembly with a distance adjusting function, each auxiliary supporting mechanism comprises a sliding base set, a guide plate and a crescent positioning set, the sliding base sets are arranged on the auxiliary frame in a sliding mode and connected with the supporting adjusting assembly, the guide plates are arranged on the sliding base sets in a sliding mode through supporting jacking sets, and the crescent positioning sets are connected with the crescent positioning sets. And the crescent positioning group is rotationally arranged on the guide plate. By means of the technical scheme, the technical problems that in the prior art, when a wide grinding wheel grinding machine conducts machining in a double-tip grinding mode, the machining efficiency is low, and workpiece machining errors are likely to be caused are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of grinding machine technology, specifically to a grinding wheel grinding machine for machining shaft-type workpieces. Background Technology

[0002] As one of the core components of a mechanical transmission system, the dimensional accuracy, geometric tolerances (such as roundness and cylindricity) and surface roughness of the outer cylindrical surface of shaft workpieces have a decisive impact on the performance and lifespan of the entire machine. Grinding wheel machines are the key final processing equipment for obtaining high-precision, low-roughness shaft workpiece surfaces. Among them, wide grinding wheel machines are widely used in mass production due to their high grinding efficiency and good processing consistency.

[0003] In the prior art, a typical wide-wheel grinding machine for machining shaft workpieces mainly includes a bed, headstock, tailstock, grinding wheel head, and feed system. Its basic working principle is: the workpiece passes through the pre-machined center holes at both ends and is jointly clamped by the spindle center of the headstock and the sleeve center of the tailstock, thereby realizing the positioning and clamping of the workpiece. The headstock drives the workpiece to rotate, and the grinding wheel head drives the wide grinding wheel to rotate at high speed and feed radially (transversely) to grind the outer cylindrical surface of the workpiece.

[0004] While this traditional double-center-supported grinding method can achieve accurate workpiece positioning, the radial grinding force generated during the actual grinding process is almost entirely borne by the two centers of the headstock and tailstock. To ensure the stability of the grinding process and the final machining accuracy (avoiding workpiece bending deformation or vibration), the radial feed force (grinding depth) of the grinding wheel cannot be set too large. This limits the metal removal rate of a single grinding pass, making it difficult to further increase the production cycle and restricting processing efficiency. Moreover, since all the grinding reaction force is borne by the two small center tips, the contact area is subjected to high pressure. In long-term, continuous grinding operations, the centers, especially the tailstock centers, will experience rapid wear or even burns. The wear of the centers will directly lead to a decrease in workpiece positioning accuracy, which in turn causes workpiece machining errors (such as out-of-tolerance roundness) and generates vibration marks, affecting surface quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the above-mentioned defects, the present invention provides a grinding wheel machine for machining shaft-type workpieces, which solves the technical problem mentioned in the background art that the existing wide grinding wheel machine has low processing efficiency and is prone to workpiece processing errors when processing by a double-center grinding method.

[0006] According to one aspect, at least one embodiment of the present invention provides a grinding wheel machine for machining shaft-type workpieces, including a grinding machine body and a grinding wheel head disposed on the grinding machine body, and further including an auxiliary frame and an auxiliary support mechanism; The auxiliary frame is mounted on the grinding machine body and is located on one side of the grinding wheel frame; Two auxiliary support mechanisms are provided, and the two auxiliary support mechanisms are slidably mounted on the auxiliary frame through a support adjustment component with a spacing adjustment function; The auxiliary support mechanism includes a slide block assembly, a guide plate, and a crescent-shaped positioning assembly. The slide block assembly is slidably mounted on the auxiliary frame and is connected to the support adjustment assembly; The guide plate is slidably mounted on the slide block assembly via a support jacking assembly; The crescent-shaped positioning assembly is rotatably mounted on the guide plate, enabling it to rotate and contact the workpiece, thus stabilizing it.

[0007] Based on the aforementioned scheme, the slide assembly includes a base and an angular base; The base is slidably mounted on the auxiliary frame and is connected to the support adjustment assembly; The angular base is slidably mounted on the base via a side-push assembly.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the support jacking assembly includes an angle seat, a jacking cylinder, a jacking pressure sensor, and a guide column; The angle seat is disposed on one side of the angle base, and the guide plate is slidably disposed on one side of the angle seat; The jacking cylinder is mounted on the inclined surface of the angular base; The jacking pressure sensor is installed on the output end of the jacking cylinder, and the detection end of the jacking pressure sensor is connected to the guide plate; The guide post is provided in two parts, the jacking cylinder is located between the two guide posts, the guide post is set on the inclined surface of the angular base, and the guide plate is slidably set on the guide post through the base.

[0009] Based on the aforementioned scheme, the crescent positioning group includes a crescent floating block and an auxiliary roller; The crescent-shaped floating block is rotatably mounted on the guide plate; The auxiliary rollers are provided in two and are rotatably mounted on the crescent-shaped floating block.

[0010] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned scheme, a stable cavity can be formed between the two auxiliary rollers, and one end of the workpiece can extend into the stable cavity and contact the two auxiliary rollers.

[0011] Based on the aforementioned scheme, the support adjustment assembly includes a bidirectional adjustment screw and an adjustment power unit; The bidirectional adjusting screw is rotatably mounted on the auxiliary frame, and two relatively movable ball nut groups are driven on the bidirectional adjusting screw. The ball nut groups correspond one-to-one with the base and are connected to the base. The adjusting power unit is mounted on the auxiliary frame and connected to the bidirectional adjusting screw, and is used to drive the bidirectional adjusting screw to rotate.

[0012] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned scheme, the regulating power unit includes a power motor and a bevel gear II; The power motor is mounted on the auxiliary frame, and a bevel gear is provided at the output end of the power motor; The second bevel gear is mounted on the bidirectional adjusting screw, and the second bevel gear meshes with the first bevel gear.

[0013] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned scheme, the side push assembly includes a side push plate, a side push nut, and a side push screw; The side push plate is located on the side of the base away from the grinding wheel frame; The side push nut is rotatably mounted on the side of the side push plate away from the grinding wheel frame; The side-push screw is threaded into the side-push nut, and one end of the side-push screw is connected to the angular base.

[0014] Based on the aforementioned scheme, the auxiliary frame is provided with a protective box for protecting the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear, and the bidirectional adjusting screw can pass through the protective box.

[0015] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned solution, a locking block is also provided between the base and the auxiliary frame, which can fix the base on the auxiliary frame.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are as follows: 1. In this invention, by setting an adjustable-spacing auxiliary support mechanism on one side of the grinding wheel holder, an effective intermediate support can be provided for the workpiece during the grinding process. This structure can significantly offset the radial grinding force and effectively suppress the bending deformation and vibration that may occur in the workpiece during the grinding process. Therefore, it can break through the limitation of the radial feed force of the grinding wheel by the traditional double-center structure, allowing for a larger single grinding depth, thereby greatly improving the metal removal rate of a single grinding, shortening the production cycle, and significantly improving the efficiency of batch processing. 2. In this invention, the auxiliary support mechanism forms a rotational contact with the outer surface of the workpiece through the crescent-shaped positioning group, which can provide a stable additional positioning point for the workpiece. This multi-point support structure can greatly enhance the rigidity of the workpiece during the grinding process and reduce the deformation caused by the grinding force, thereby better ensuring the dimensional accuracy and form and position tolerance of the workpiece. At the same time, it can also effectively suppress vibration, help to obtain a lower surface roughness, avoid the generation of surface defects such as vibration marks, and fundamentally solve the problem of processing error caused by workpiece deformation and vibration. 3. In this invention, the auxiliary support mechanism can share most of the radial grinding force, greatly reducing the load and pressure on the headstock and tailstock tips, especially the tailstock tips. This can effectively reduce the wear and burning of the tips, extend their service life, reduce maintenance costs and replacement frequency. The long-term high precision of the tips also indirectly ensures the long-term stability of workpiece positioning, enabling the machine tool to maintain the initial machining accuracy. It is particularly suitable for long-term, continuous grinding operations. 4. In this invention, the distance between the two auxiliary support mechanisms can be conveniently and accurately adjusted by the support adjustment component, so that it can adapt to shaft workpieces of different lengths. The support jacking group and side pushing group and other structures can accurately control the position and support force of the auxiliary support, ensuring that a stable and appropriate support force is applied to workpieces of different diameters. It provides effective support and avoids over-positioning or damage to the workpiece surface, and has strong versatility. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and these drawings without any creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a grinding wheel machine for machining shaft-type workpieces according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the auxiliary frame, auxiliary support mechanism and support adjustment assembly in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram of part A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the auxiliary frame and the auxiliary support mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A magnified structural diagram of section B in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary support mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 001, auxiliary support mechanism; 002, support adjustment assembly; 1. Grinding wheel frame; 2. Auxiliary frame; 3. Guide plate; 4. Base; 5. Angle base; 6. Angle seat; 7. Pricing cylinder; 8. Pricing pressure sensor; 9. Guide column; 10. Crescent floating block; 11. Auxiliary roller; 12. Bidirectional adjusting screw; 13. Ball bearing nut assembly; 14. Power motor; 15. Bevel gear one; 16. Bevel gear two; 17. Side push plate; 18. Side push nut; 19. Side push screw; 20. Protective box; 21. Locking block. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it.

[0021] To keep the drawings concise, each drawing only schematically shows the parts relevant to the invention; these do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, in some drawings, only one of components with the same structure or function is schematically shown, or only one is labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one," but can also mean "more than one," and "several" includes "two" and "more than two."

[0022] In this document, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0024] In the description of this embodiment, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0025] Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0026] like Figures 1-6 As shown, it illustrates a grinding wheel machine for machining shaft-type workpieces according to an embodiment of the present invention, including a grinding machine body and a grinding wheel frame 1 disposed on the grinding machine body, and also includes an auxiliary frame 2 and an auxiliary support mechanism 001; As mentioned above, the auxiliary frame 2 can be fixed with bolts or integrally formed on the grinding machine body and is located on one side of the grinding wheel frame 1. There are two auxiliary support mechanisms 001. The two auxiliary support mechanisms 001 are slidably set on the auxiliary frame 2 through the support adjustment component 002 with the spacing adjustment function.

[0027] Specifically, the auxiliary support mechanism 001 includes a slide block assembly, a guide plate 3, and a crescent-shaped positioning assembly.

[0028] The slide block assembly is slidably mounted on the auxiliary frame 2 and connected to the support adjustment assembly 002. The slide block assembly includes a base 4 and an angular base 5. The base 4 slides through a groove at its bottom that cooperates with a guide rail on the auxiliary frame 2. The angular base 5 is slidably mounted on the base 4 through a side push assembly. The side push assembly is used to fine adjust the position of the angular base 5 in the direction perpendicular to the workpiece axis.

[0029] The guide plate 3 is slidably mounted on the angular base 5 via the support jacking assembly, which is used to provide and control the support force on the workpiece.

[0030] The crescent-shaped positioning group is rotatably mounted on the guide plate 3 for direct contact with the outer surface of the workpiece. The crescent-shaped positioning group includes a crescent-shaped floating block 10 rotatably mounted on the guide plate 3 via a bearing, and an auxiliary roller 11 rotatably mounted on the crescent-shaped floating block 10. A stable cavity is formed between the two auxiliary rollers 11. One end of the workpiece, usually the end of the grinding section near the tailstock, can extend into the cavity and contact the two auxiliary rollers 11 simultaneously to form a stable "V"-shaped support.

[0031] The support adjustment assembly 002 includes a bidirectional adjusting screw 12 rotatably mounted on the auxiliary frame 2, and an adjustment power unit for driving the screw. Two ball nut assemblies 13 with opposite rotation directions and relative movement are fitted on the bidirectional adjusting screw 12. Each ball nut assemblies 13 is fixedly connected to the base 4 of the auxiliary support mechanism 001. The adjustment power unit includes a power motor 14 mounted on the auxiliary frame 2 via a motor mount. Its output end is equipped with a bevel gear 15. A bevel gear 16 is fixed on the bidirectional adjusting screw 12. The bevel gear 15 and the bevel gear 16 mesh. To protect the transmission components, the auxiliary frame 2 is provided with a protective box 20 that encloses the bevel gear 15 and the bevel gear 16. The bidirectional adjusting screw 12 passes through the protective box 20. In addition, a locking block 21 is provided between the base 4 and the auxiliary frame 2. After the position is adjusted, the base 4 can be firmly locked on the auxiliary frame 2 by tightening the locking block 21 to prevent movement during processing.

[0032] The supporting jacking assembly is installed on the inclined surface of the angled base 5, including an angled seat 6, a jacking cylinder 7 (which can be a hydraulic cylinder or a servo electric cylinder), a jacking pressure sensor 8, and two guide columns 9. The guide plate 3 is slidably set on one side of the angled seat 6. The jacking cylinder 7 is installed on the angled base 5, and the output end of the cylinder is equipped with a jacking pressure sensor 8. The detection end of the sensor is connected to the guide plate 3. The two guide columns 9 are fixed on the angled base 5 parallel to the setting direction of the jacking cylinder 7 and pass through the guide plate 3, ensuring that the guide plate 3 can only slide smoothly along the jacking direction.

[0033] The aforementioned side-push assembly is used to fine-tune the position of the angled base 5 in the horizontal plane to ensure that the support center formed by the two auxiliary rollers 11 is aligned with the workpiece axis. It includes a side-push plate 17 fixed on the base 4, a side-push nut 18 rotatably mounted on the side-push plate 17 via a bearing, and a side-push screw 19 threadedly engaged with the side-push nut 18. One end of the side-push screw 19 is connected to the angled base 5, and the angled base 5 can be driven to slide along the base 4 by rotating the side-push nut 18.

[0034] Specific work process: After preparation and adjustment, the workpiece is held in place by the headstock and tailstock centers on the grinding machine body. Then, the power motor 14 is started, which drives the bidirectional adjusting screw 12 to rotate through bevel gear 15 and bevel gear 26, so that the two auxiliary support mechanisms 001 move to the workpiece support position. Then, each locking block 21 is tightened to fix the base 4.

[0035] The support is positioned, the side push group is operated, and the lateral position of the angled base 5 is finely adjusted so that the stable cavity of the crescent positioning group is roughly aligned with the outer circle of the workpiece. Then, the jacking cylinder 7 is started to push the guide plate 3 and the crescent positioning group to move upward until both auxiliary rollers 11 are in reliable contact with the outer circle surface of the workpiece. The supporting force is monitored in real time by the jacking pressure sensor 8. When the preset value is reached, the jacking cylinder 7 holds the pressure to form a stable support.

[0036] In the grinding process, the workpiece is driven to rotate. Through the high-speed rotation and radial feed of the existing wide grinding wheel assembly on the grinding wheel holder 1, the outer circle of the workpiece is ground. The radial force generated by grinding is mainly borne by two auxiliary support mechanisms 001, which greatly reduces the load on the head and tail centers.

[0037] After resetting and grinding, the grinding wheel holder 1 retracts, the push cylinder 7 is depressurized and reset, and the crescent positioning group is disengaged from the workpiece, so the processed workpiece can be unloaded.

[0038] It should be noted that the wide grinding wheel assembly mentioned above is a grinding assembly in the prior art and is not shown in the figure. The specific structure is not the main innovation of this invention, as long as it can grind the workpiece.

[0039] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grinding wheel machine for machining shaft-type workpieces, comprising a grinding machine body and a grinding wheel head (1) disposed on the grinding machine body, characterized in that, Also includes: An auxiliary frame (2) is mounted on the grinding machine body and located on one side of the grinding wheel frame (1); Two auxiliary support mechanisms (001) are provided, and the two auxiliary support mechanisms (001) are slidably mounted on the auxiliary frame (2) through a support adjustment assembly (002) with a spacing adjustment function; The auxiliary support mechanism (001) includes: The slide block assembly is slidably mounted on the auxiliary frame (2) and connected to the support adjustment assembly (002); The guide plate (3) is slidably mounted on the slide block assembly by means of the support jacking assembly; The crescent-shaped positioning assembly is rotatably mounted on the guide plate (3) and can make rotatable contact with the workpiece to stabilize it.

2. The grinding wheel machine for machining shaft-type workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slide assembly includes: The base (4) is slidably mounted on the auxiliary frame (2) and connected to the support adjustment assembly (002); An angular base (5) is slidably mounted on the base (4) via a side push assembly.

3. The grinding wheel machine for machining shaft-type workpieces according to claim 2, characterized in that, The support jacking assembly includes: Angle seat (6) is disposed on one side of the angle base (5), and guide plate (3) is slidably disposed on one side of the angle seat (6); The jacking cylinder (7) is installed on the inclined surface of the angular base (5); The jacking pressure sensor (8) is installed on the output end of the jacking cylinder (7), and the detection end of the jacking pressure sensor (8) is connected to the guide plate (3); Two guide posts (9) are provided. The jacking cylinder (7) is located between the two guide posts (9). The guide posts (9) are set on the inclined surface of the angular base (5). The guide plate (3) passes through and is slidably set on the guide posts (9).

4. A grinding wheel machine for machining shaft-type workpieces according to claim 3, characterized in that, The crescent-shaped positioning group includes: The crescent-shaped floating block (10) is rotatably mounted on the guide plate (3); Two auxiliary rollers (11) are provided, and the auxiliary rollers (11) are rotatably mounted on the crescent floating block (10).

5. A grinding wheel machine for machining shaft-type workpieces according to claim 4, characterized in that, A stable cavity can be formed between the two auxiliary rollers (11), and one end of the workpiece can extend into the stable cavity and contact the two auxiliary rollers (11).

6. A grinding wheel machine for machining shaft-type workpieces according to claim 5, characterized in that, The support adjustment assembly (002) includes: A bidirectional adjusting screw (12) is rotatably mounted on the auxiliary frame (2). Two ball nut groups (13) with relative movement are driven on the bidirectional adjusting screw (12). The ball nut groups (13) correspond one-to-one with the base (4) and are connected to the base (4). The adjustment power unit is set on the auxiliary frame (2) and connected to the bidirectional adjustment screw (12) to drive the bidirectional adjustment screw (12) to rotate.

7. A grinding wheel machine for machining shaft-type workpieces according to claim 6, characterized in that, The regulating power unit includes: A power motor (14) is mounted on the auxiliary frame (2), and a bevel gear (15) is provided at the output end of the power motor (14). A second bevel gear (16) is mounted on the bidirectional adjusting screw (12), and the second bevel gear (16) meshes with the first bevel gear (15).

8. A grinding wheel machine for machining shaft-type workpieces according to claim 7, characterized in that, The side thrust assembly includes: Side push plate (17) is provided on the side of the base (4) away from the grinding wheel frame (1); The side push nut (18) is rotatably disposed on the side of the side push plate (17) away from the grinding wheel frame (1); A side push screw (19) is threaded into the side push nut (18), and one end of the side push screw (19) is connected to the angular base (5).

9. A grinding wheel machine for machining shaft-type workpieces according to claim 8, characterized in that, The auxiliary frame (2) is provided with a protective box (20) for protecting the first bevel gear (15) and the second bevel gear (16), and the bidirectional adjusting screw (12) can pass through the protective box (20).

10. A grinding wheel machine for machining shaft-type workpieces according to claim 9, characterized in that, A locking block (21) is also provided between the base (4) and the auxiliary frame (2) to fix the base (4) on the auxiliary frame (2).

Images