Optical coating composition, photovoltaic cell and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic cells, in particular to an optical coating composition, a photovoltaic cell piece and a photovoltaic module. The optical coating composition comprises a component A, a component B and a component C, the component A comprises one or more compounds with the structure shown in the following formula I; in the formula I, R1 is selected from H, an aryl-substituted functional group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl ether group, and R2 is selected from alkoxy, an aryl-substituted functional group, and substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C13 alkylene; n and m are respectively and independently selected from 0 or 1 or 2; the component B comprises one or more of an epoxy monomer, an oxetane monomer or a vinyl ether monomer; and the component C comprises one or more initiators. The optical coating composition provided by the invention has excellent transparency and high refractive index, and can solve the problem of refractive index mismatch of a photovoltaic cell and a packaging material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic cell technology, and more specifically to an optical coating composition, a photovoltaic cell, and a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic technology, as a clean and sustainable energy solution, plays an increasingly important role in the global energy structure transformation. Improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules is one of the core goals of technological development in this field. Photovoltaic modules typically consist of multiple layers, including tempered glass, encapsulating film, photovoltaic cells, and a backsheet. Light must pass through the tempered glass and encapsulating film sequentially to reach the surface of the photovoltaic cells and be absorbed and utilized. During this process, due to the different refractive indices between the layers, light reflection at the interfaces causes energy loss, thus affecting the overall efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0003] To minimize light reflection losses at the interface between different encapsulation materials, the refractive index of the encapsulation material should ideally match that of the materials on either side (such as tempered glass and the photovoltaic cell). However, the refractive index of traditional encapsulation films (such as EVA or POE materials) is typically around 1.48, far lower than the approximately 3.8 refractive index of crystalline silicon cells. This significant refractive index mismatch is the main reason for the large reflection losses at the interface between the encapsulation film and the photovoltaic cell, directly limiting the number of photons reaching the photovoltaic cell and thus affecting the power output of the photovoltaic module.

[0004] To address this issue, existing technologies primarily focus on increasing the refractive index of encapsulating films. For example, adding high-refractive-index inorganic nanoparticles (such as titanium dioxide and zirconium oxide) to the matrix resin of the encapsulating film. However, due to the high surface energy of the inorganic nanoparticles and their polarity difference with the organic resin matrix, these nanoparticles are prone to agglomeration within the film. This not only leads to a decrease in the film's transmittance (resulting in haze) but also makes it difficult to effectively and uniformly increase the film's refractive index, and may even have negative effects due to the light scattering effect of the agglomerates.

[0005] To avoid the problem of nanoparticle aggregation, some technical solutions have proposed improved structural designs. For example, Chinese patent application CN113061397A discloses an encapsulating film comprising a first film substrate and multiple high-refractive-index organic materials spaced apart on the surface of the substrate, each corresponding to a photovoltaic cell in the module. This solution avoids the aggregation problem of inorganic nanoparticles by placing the high-refractive-index material in localized areas on the film surface, rather than dispersing it throughout the entire film substrate. However, the encapsulating film itself is a relatively soft material, and its surface flatness is difficult to guarantee. When spreading the high-refractive-index organic material on such a flexible substrate, it is difficult to control the thickness uniformity and surface flatness of the high-refractive-index sections. Secondly, this structural design makes the molding and processing processes relatively complex, which may affect production efficiency and cost control, and the uneven coating may pose a stress risk to the cells during subsequent lamination processes. Therefore, the industry still urgently needs a technical solution that can effectively achieve refractive index matching to improve light utilization, while also being simple to process and having stable and reliable performance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides an optical coating composition, a photovoltaic cell, and a photovoltaic module to solve the problem of refractive index mismatch between photovoltaic cells and encapsulation materials in the prior art.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, an optical coating composition is provided, comprising component A, component B and component C; Component A above comprises one or more compounds with the structure shown in Formula I: Formula I; In Formula I, R1 is selected from H, aryl-substituted functional groups, and substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl ether groups; R2 is selected from alkoxy, aryl-substituted functional groups, and substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C2 groups. 13 Alkylene; n and m are each independently selected from 0, 1, or 2; Component B above contains one or more of epoxy monomers, oxetane monomers, or vinyl ether monomers; Component C above contains one or more initiators.

[0008] Furthermore, R1 is selected from aromatic substituents and fused aromatic groups; the aforementioned aromatic substituents are selected from those with the structural formula -(X1). i -Ar is one or more of the following groups, wherein X1 is methylene, S or O, i is 0 or 1 or 2, and each Ar is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups or fused aromatic groups. Preferably, R2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted methylene groups or C6 to C6 moles. 13Aryl-substituted functional groups.

[0009] Furthermore, component A comprises one or more compounds with the structures shown in formulas I-1 to I-5:

[0010] Furthermore, the aforementioned epoxy monomers, oxetane monomers, and vinyl ether monomers each independently contain two or more functional groups; Preferably, the epoxy monomers mentioned above include one or more of the following: 1,4-bis[(glycidoxy)methyl]cyclohexane, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, 4,5-epoxytetrahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester, cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid diglycidyl ester, 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane, 1,4-cyclohexanediethanol bis(3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid), 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, bis(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]3-heptylmethyl)adipate, and bis[(3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexyl)methyl]adipate; Preferably, the above-mentioned oxetane monomers include one or more of 3-ethyl-3-[(2-epoxyethylene-2-methoxy)methyl]-oxetane, 3,3'-[oxybismethylene]bis[3-ethyl]oxetane, and bis[(3-ethyloxetane-3-yl)methyl]phenyl-1,4-dicarboxylic acid ester; Preferably, the vinyl ether monomers mentioned above include one or more of 1,4-cyclohexanediethanol divinyl ether, diethylene glycol divinyl ether, 1,4-butanediol vinyl ether, and 1,6-hexanediol divinyl ether.

[0011] Furthermore, component C is a photoinitiator; the photoinitiator is selected from one or more of aryl diazonium salt initiators, iodonium salt initiators, thiodonium salt initiators, and ferrocene salt initiators. Preferably, the photoinitiator is bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)iodomonium hexafluorophosphate and / or 4-(phenylthio)phenyldiphenylthiomonium hexafluorophosphate.

[0012] Further, the mass ratio of the above-mentioned component A to the above-mentioned component B is (10~80):(20~90), preferably (50~65):(35~50).

[0013] Further, by mass percentage, the optical coating composition comprises: 30-69 wt% of component A, 30-69 wt% of component B, and 0.001-5 wt% of component C.

[0014] Furthermore, the optical coating composition further includes component D, which comprises one or more additives; Preferably, the optical coating composition comprises, by weight percentage: 30-68 wt% of component A, 30-68 wt% of component B, 1-5 wt% of component C, and 0.001-3 wt% of component D.

[0015] According to a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a photovoltaic cell, wherein the upper surface and / or lower surface of the photovoltaic cell are provided with an optical coating obtained by photocuring the above-described optical coating composition.

[0016] According to a third aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a photovoltaic module comprising the photovoltaic cells described above. The optical coating composition provided by this invention, through the synergistic effect of components A and B, achieves both superior transparency and high refractive index while satisfying a high curing rate, thereby improving light utilization. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0018] As analyzed in the background section, the mismatch between the refractive index of the encapsulation material and the photovoltaic cell in the existing technology leads to the problem of low light utilization of photovoltaic modules. Although some progress has been made in solving the problem of refractive index mismatch, there are still defects such as the easy agglomeration of inorganic particles in the film or the complex coating process and unstable quality on the soft film.

[0019] In order to solve the technical problem of the present invention, in a first typical embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides an optical coating composition comprising component A, component B and component C; Component A comprises one or more compounds with the structure shown in Formula I: Formula I; In Formula I, R1 is selected from H, aryl-substituted functional groups, and substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl ether groups; R2 is selected from alkoxy, aryl-substituted functional groups, and substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C2 groups. 13 Alkylene; n and m are each independently selected from 0, 1, or 2; Component B contains one or more of epoxy monomers, oxetane monomers, or vinyl ether monomers; Component C contains one or more initiators.

[0020] It should be noted that the aryl-substituted functional group involved in this invention refers to any structure in which one or more aryl groups (aromatic rings) are attached to any functional group (including alkyl groups). Substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C2 groups... 13 The substituents in the alkylene group can be mercapto, aryl, etc.

[0021] This invention relates to optical coatings for photovoltaic cells. The designed optical coating composition includes component A and component B. Component A has a specific molecular structure that effectively improves the transparency and refractive index of the optical coating composition, thereby increasing light utilization. Component B contains one or more of epoxy monomers, oxobutane monomers, or vinyl ether monomers. These monomers may form cross-linked structures during polymerization, which can increase the degree of cross-linking during photocuring. The cross-linking density affects the moisture resistance of the material. The cross-linked structure formed by adding component B can restrict the diffusion of water molecules, reduce the water absorption of the material, and thus improve the moisture resistance of the optical coating. In addition, the monomers with added component B can adjust the viscosity of the composition during polymerization, thereby effectively improving the mechanical strength, heat resistance, and processability of the optical coating. Through the synergistic effect of components A and B, the optical coating composition of this invention achieves a high curing rate while simultaneously possessing superior transparency, high refractive index, improved light utilization, and enhanced moisture resistance.

[0022] Preferably, R2 is selected from alkoxy, aryl-substituted functional groups, substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C3 alkylene groups.

[0023] According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, R1 is selected from aromatic substituents and fused aromatic groups, wherein the aromatic substituents are selected from those with the structural formula -(X1). i -Ar is one or more of the following groups, wherein X1 is methylene, S or O, i is 0 or 1 or 2, and each Ar is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups or fused aromatic groups.

[0024] R2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted methylene groups or C6 to C6. 13 Aryl-substituted functional groups.

[0025] By further optimizing the molecular structure of component A, it can form a better synergistic effect with component B, thereby improving the overall performance of the optical coating composition.

[0026] According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, component A includes one or more compounds comprising the structures shown in formulas I-1 to I-5 as follows:

[0027] According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned epoxy monomers, oxetane monomers and vinyl ether monomers each independently contain two or more functional groups; Preferably, the epoxy monomers mentioned above include one or more of the following: 1,4-bis[(glycidoxy)methyl]cyclohexane, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, 4,5-epoxytetrahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester, cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid diglycidyl ester, 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane, 1,4-cyclohexanediethanol bis(3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid), 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, bis(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]3-heptylmethyl)adipate, and bis[(3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexyl)methyl]adipate; The above-mentioned oxetane monomers include one or more of 3-ethyl-3-[(2-epoxyethylene-2-methoxy)methyl]oxetane, 3,3'-[oxybismethylene]bis[3-ethyl]oxetane, and bis[(3-ethyloxetane-3-yl)methyl]phenyl-1,4-dicarboxylic acid ester; The aforementioned vinyl ether monomers include one or more of 1,4-cyclohexanediethanol divinyl ether, diethylene glycol divinyl ether, 1,4-butanediol vinyl ether, and 1,6-hexanediol divinyl ether.

[0028] By further optimizing the molecular structure of component B, it can form a better synergistic effect with component A, thereby improving the overall performance of the optical coating composition.

[0029] According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, component C is a photoinitiator; the photoinitiator is selected from one or more of aryl diazonium salt initiators, diaryl iodonium salt initiators, triaryl thiodonium salt initiators, and aryl ferrocene salt initiators.

[0030] Photoinitiators play a crucial role in optical coating compositions, primarily responsible for initiating polymerization reactions under light conditions, enabling the coating to rapidly transform from a liquid to a solid state. By selecting appropriate types of photoinitiators, it is beneficial to improve polymerization efficiency, control curing speed, and enhance coating performance.

[0031] Preferably, the photoinitiator is bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)iodomonium hexafluorophosphate and / or 4-(phenylthio)phenyldiphenylthiomonium hexafluorophosphate.

[0032] According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of component A to component B is (10~80):(20~90). Optionally, the mass ratio of component A to component B can be 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 or 80:20, etc., preferably (50~65):(35~50).

[0033] By limiting the mass ratio of component A and component B to a reasonable range, the components A and B can exert a better synergistic effect, thereby improving the overall performance of the optical coating composition.

[0034] According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the optical coating composition comprises, by weight percentage: 30-69 wt% of component A, 30-69 wt% of component B, and 0.001-5 wt% of component C.

[0035] Excessive use of component A will reduce the curing rate of the optical coating composition, thereby reducing its heat resistance and mechanical strength; while insufficient use will reduce the product's refractive index.

[0036] Excessive use of component B will reduce the refractive index and decrease moisture resistance, while insufficient use will make it difficult to meet the strength and processing requirements.

[0037] The amount of photoinitiator directly affects the curing speed of the coating. An appropriate amount of photoinitiator can ensure that the coating cures within the expected time. Too much component C will cause the curing rate to be too fast during the preparation of the optical coating composition, which will cause certain difficulties in processing. More importantly, it will also cause the transparency of the obtained optical coating to decrease significantly, affecting the light utilization efficiency of the product. Too little component C will cause the curing rate of the optical coating composition to decrease, thereby reducing the heat resistance and mechanical strength.

[0038] By limiting the amounts of components A, B, and C within a reasonable range, their synergistic effects allow for easy application of the optical coating composition in photovoltaic modules, especially in the molding of photovoltaic cells. This effectively improves the light utilization rate of photovoltaic cells while also ensuring heat resistance, color stability, mechanical properties, and moisture resistance. Specifically, it meets requirements such as heat resistance exceeding 300℃, color stability without significant yellowing after 20 minutes at 300℃, peel strength exceeding 140 N / cm, and no coating peeling after 24 hours of immersion in water. Furthermore, the refractive index of the optical coating composition can be adjusted to 1.49~1.70, effectively enhancing the light utilization rate of photovoltaic modules.

[0039] According to some specific embodiments of the present invention, the optical coating composition further includes component D, which contains one or more additives.

[0040] Additives include photosensitizers, polymerization inhibitors, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, heat stabilizers, defoamers, leveling agents, etc. It is understood that the compositions of the present invention may also include other auxiliary additives. By adding the above-mentioned additives to the optical coating composition, the overall performance of the optical coating composition can be further improved.

[0041] Preferably, the antioxidant and polymerization inhibitor include hindered phenolic compounds and / or phosphite compounds.

[0042] Preferably, the hindered phenolic compound includes one or more of the following: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,2'-methylene-bis-(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-methylene-bis-(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylene-bis-(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), octadecyl-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, pentaerythritol-tetra[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], 7-octadecyl-3-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)propionate, and tetra-[methylene-3-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionate]methane.

[0043] Preferably, the phosphite compounds include one or more of the following: tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, bis[2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-methylphenyl]ethyl phosphite, tetra(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)[1,1-phenyl]-4,4'-diyl bisphosphite, and bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite.

[0044] Preferably, the ultraviolet absorber comprises: benzophenone compounds and / or benzotriazole compounds.

[0045] Preferably, the benzophenone compounds include one or more of 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone, 2,2-tetramethylenebis(3,1-benzoxazin-4-one), and 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone.

[0046] Preferably, the benzotriazole compound includes 2-(2'-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole.

[0047] Preferably, the heat stabilizer is a hindered amine compound, such as one or more of the following: bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)selpicate, bis(1-octoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)selpicate, a graft copolymer obtained by polymerizing 4-(meth)acryloyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine with α-olefin monomers, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinol, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, bis-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinol sebate, and tris(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl)phosphite.

[0048] Preferably, the defoamer can be one or more of the following: Airex 920, Airex 921, BYK 020, BYK 055, BYK 065, BYK 088, BYK 1798, BASF Efka 2720, Efka 2721, and Dow Corning DC 163.

[0049] Preferably, the leveling agent can be one or more of the following: Hemings Dechian 488, 810, DIGIC Glide 100, Glide 432, Glide 435, Glide 440, Glide 450, Flow 425, BYK 361N, BYK 333, BYK 337, BYK 371, BYK 377, YCK 1110, BASF Efka FL 3600, and Efka 3883.

[0050] Preferably, the optical coating composition for photovoltaic cells according to the present invention may further include a tackifier. These substances can be added according to the needs of the photovoltaic cells, and the specific selection and amount of these substances should not negatively affect the performance of the optical coating composition required by the present invention.

[0051] More preferably, the tackifier comprises one or more of the following: γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-glycidyl etheroxypropyltrimethylsilane, and 3-aminopropyltrimethylsilane.

[0052] Preferably, the optical coating composition comprises, by weight percentage: 30-68 wt% of component A, 30-68 wt% of component B, 1-5 wt% of component C, and 0.001-3 wt% of component D. By limiting the amounts of components A, B, C, and D within a reasonable range, better synergistic effects can be achieved among the components, thereby improving the overall performance of the optical coating composition. Through the combined use of components A, B, C, and D, the optical coating of the present invention not only has a high refractive index (reaching 1.60), high light transmittance (reaching over 90%), and stable structure (yellowing index below 0.3), effectively reducing light loss caused by reflected and diffused light, thus effectively improving the light utilization rate of photovoltaic modules, but also has excellent moisture resistance and advantages such as simple preparation process and low cost.

[0053] In a second typical embodiment of the present invention, the present invention also provides an optical coating obtained by photocuring the above-described optical coating composition.

[0054] Preferably, the photocuring time is 0.01~2h.

[0055] More preferably, the photocuring is ultraviolet light curing, and the wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 300~420nm, more preferably 365nm and 395nm.

[0056] In a third typical embodiment of the present invention, the present invention also provides a photovoltaic cell, wherein the upper surface and / or lower surface of the photovoltaic cell are provided with the above-mentioned optical coating.

[0057] Preferably, the thickness of the optical coating is 1~500μm.

[0058] The present invention also provides a method for preparing photovoltaic cells as described above, comprising: applying the above-described photovoltaic cell optical coating composition to the upper and / or lower surface of the photovoltaic cell using a coating, inkjet printing or spraying process, and subjecting it to photocuring treatment.

[0059] In addition to the aforementioned technical advantages, by forming an optical coating on the photovoltaic cell, not only can the problem of low light utilization caused by the mismatch between the refractive index of the encapsulation material and the photovoltaic cell be solved in the prior art, but the structure is also stable and has excellent high temperature resistance (it does not yellow after being kept at 300°C for 10 minutes). This allows the increase in refractive index to be achieved without affecting its long-term weather resistance. Therefore, it can also prevent scratches and cracks that occur during the accumulation of photovoltaic cells.

[0060] In a fourth typical embodiment of the present invention, the present invention also provides a photovoltaic module, characterized in that it includes the photovoltaic cells described above.

[0061] The components used in the examples are as follows: (A): (A1) See Equation I-1; (A2) See Equation I-2; (A3) See Equation I-3; (A4) See Equation I-4; (A5) See Equation I-5; (B): (B1) 1,4-cyclohexanediethanol diethylene ether (Shanghai Maclean), (B2) 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate (Jiangsu Taiter), (B3) 3-ethyl-3-[(2-epoxyethylene-2-methoxy)methyl]-oxetane (Changzhou Qiangli); (C): Bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium hexafluorophosphate (Beijing Bailingwei); (D): (D1) Pentaerythritol tetra-[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate] (Shanghai Yien), (D2) 2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxybenzophenone (Shanghai Yien), (D3) 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid hexadecyl ester (Shanghai Bide).

[0062] Examples 1A-16A This embodiment provides an optical coating composition, comprising component A, component B, component C and component D, the weight parts of each component are shown in Table 1 below.

[0063] After ultrasonically mixing the components for 0.5 hours, the mixture was filtered through a 0.3 μm membrane filter to obtain a solution-state optical coating composition.

[0064] Table 1

[0065] Comparative Example 1A This comparative example provides an optical coating composition that differs from Example 1 in that component A is replaced by B1.

[0066] Examples: Photovoltaic cells 1B~16B, Comparative Example 1B A photovoltaic cell is obtained by transferring the optical coating composition obtained in Examples 1A to 16A and Comparative Example 1A onto the photovoltaic cell by coating, spraying or inkjet printing to form a photovoltaic cell with an optical coating of 20 μm thickness, and then performing photocuring (mercury lamp 395nm, curing energy 3000mJ) to obtain a photovoltaic cell containing an optical coating.

[0067] Test method: 1. Refractive index The compositions from Examples 1A to 16A were mixed to obtain optical coating compositions. Each composition was then cured on photovoltaic glass using the photocuring method of Example 1B to obtain a film. The refractive index of the cured film was measured using an Abbe refractometer.

[0068] 2. Light transmittance The compositions from Examples 1A to 16A were mixed to obtain optical coating compositions. Each composition was cured on photovoltaic glass using the photocuring method of Example 1B to obtain a film. The transmittance was tested according to GB / T 2410-2008, and the transmittance at wavelengths of 400 to 780 nm was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.

[0069] The test results are shown in Table 2 below: Table 2

[0070] As can be seen from the experimental data in Table 2, the optical coating composition provided by this invention, through the synergistic effect of component A and component B with a specific structure, successfully prepared an optical coating with both high refractive index (up to 1.581) and high light transmittance (≥95%). In contrast, Comparative Example 1, which does not contain component A, has a refractive index of only 1.515. This comparison demonstrates that the technical solution of this invention can significantly improve the refractive index of the optical coating.

[0071] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optical coating composition, characterized in that, Includes component A, component B, and component C; Component A comprises one or more compounds with the structure shown in Formula I: Formula I; In Formula I, R1 is selected from H, aryl-substituted functional groups, and substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl ether groups; R2 is selected from alkoxy, aryl-substituted functional groups, and substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C2 groups. 13 Alkylene; n and m are each independently selected from 0, 1, or 2; Component B comprises one or more of epoxy monomers, oxetane monomers, or vinyl ether monomers; Component C contains one or more initiators.

2. The optical coating composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, R1 is selected from aromatic substituents and fused aromatic groups; the aromatic substituent is selected from those with the structural formula -(X1). i -Ar is one or more of the following groups, wherein X1 is methylene, S or O, i is 0 or 1 or 2, and each Ar is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups or fused aromatic groups. Preferably, R2 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted methylene groups or C6 to C6 moles. 13 Aryl-substituted functional groups.

3. The optical coating composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Component A comprises one or more compounds with the structures shown in formulas I-1 to I-5 below:

4. The optical coating composition according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The epoxy monomers, oxetane monomers, and vinyl ether monomers each independently contain two or more functional groups; Preferably, the epoxy monomers include one or more of the following: 1,4-bis[(glycidoxy)methyl]cyclohexane, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether, 4,5-epoxytetrahydrophthalic acid diglycidyl ester, cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid diglycidyl ester, 1,2,7,8-diepoxyoctane, 1,4-cyclohexanediethanol bis(3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid), 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexylcarboxylate, bis(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]3-heptylmethyl)adipate, and bis[(3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexyl)methyl]adipate; Preferably, the oxetane monomers include one or more of 3-ethyl-3-[(2-epoxyethylene-2-methoxy)methyl]oxetane, 3,3'-[oxybismethylene]bis[3-ethyl]oxetane, and bis[(3-ethyloxetane-3-yl)methyl]phenyl-1,4-dicarboxylic acid ester; Preferably, the vinyl ether monomers include one or more of 1,4-cyclohexanediethanol divinyl ether, diethylene glycol divinyl ether, 1,4-butanediol vinyl ether, and 1,6-hexanediol divinyl ether.

5. The optical coating composition according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Component C is a photoinitiator; the photoinitiator is selected from one or more of aryl diazonium salt initiators, iodonium salt initiators, thiodonium salt initiators, and ferrocene aramid salt initiators; Preferably, the photoinitiator is bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)iodomonium hexafluorophosphate and / or 4-(phenylthio)phenyldiphenylthiomonium hexafluorophosphate.

6. The optical coating composition according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The mass ratio of component A to component B is (10~80):(20~90), preferably (50~65):(35~50).

7. The optical coating composition according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The optical coating composition comprises, by weight percentage: 30-69 wt% of component A, 30-69 wt% of component B, and 0.001-5 wt% of component C.

8. The optical coating composition according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The optical coating composition further includes component D, which contains one or more additives; Preferably, the optical coating composition comprises, by weight percentage: 30-68 wt% of component A, 30-68 wt% of component B, 1-5 wt% of component C, and 0.001-3 wt% of component D.

9. A photovoltaic cell, characterized in that, The upper and / or lower surfaces of the photovoltaic cell are provided with an optical coating obtained by photocuring the optical coating composition according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, Including the photovoltaic cell as described in claim 9.

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