Integrated supporting device for low-elevation caisson and breast wall construction and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated supporting device for construction of a low-elevation caisson and a breast wall and a construction method.The integrated supporting device comprises an inner supporting frame beam and an outer supporting frame beam, the inner supporting frame beam comprises a plurality of layers of horizontal supporting frames and a plurality of supporting stand columns arranged in the circumferential direction of the horizontal supporting frames at intervals, and the supporting stand columns are fixedly arranged at the top of the caisson; the support frame is fixedly connected with the horizontal support frame; the horizontal supporting frame comprises a plurality of horizontal supporting beams, and the horizontal supporting beams are arranged corresponding to the transverse partition wall and the longitudinal partition wall in the caisson respectively to form the horizontal supporting frame. The steel cofferdam comprises wall plates arranged on the periphery of the inner supporting frame beam in a surrounding mode, the wall plates are fixedly connected with the inner supporting frame beam, and the bottom of each wall plate is fixedly connected with the upper end of the caisson through a support; positioning anchor rods and positioning hanging rings are fixedly arranged at four corners of the steel cofferdam; and the operation platforms are sequentially supported on the horizontal supporting frame on the topmost layer in the circumferential direction of the caisson. A dry operation environment is created at the top of the caisson, and the construction risk is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wharf construction technology. More specifically, this invention relates to an integrated support device and construction method for the construction of low-elevation caissons and breast walls. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of port and coastal engineering, caissons, as a core basic structural form, are widely used in the construction of wharves, breakwaters, and other structures. Their conventional construction process is clear: caisson prefabrication, transportation, positioning and installation, and subsequent breast wall pouring are crucial steps that ultimately connect multiple independent caissons into a unified structure. This unified structure must collaboratively withstand complex loads such as wave forces and mooring forces to ensure the overall stability of the engineering structure and guarantee its functional compliance. However, when the caisson's design elevation is lower than the design low water level, the construction process faces a series of significant challenges: Firstly, the caisson installation platform is completely underwater, making precise measurements necessary for caisson positioning impossible, and hindering the implementation of key measures such as manually adjusting the ballast water level to control the caisson's attitude, directly affecting the accuracy and stability of the caisson installation; secondly, during the construction phase of the caisson's superstructure, core processes such as the installation, reinforcement, and dismantling of formwork must be completed underwater by divers, significantly increasing the operational difficulty. Meanwhile, traditional bottom-layer formwork reinforcement methods rely heavily on pre-embedded frustum nuts on the top of the caisson. However, the construction joint width between adjacent caissons with height differences is only 80mm. Such a narrow space cannot meet the operational requirements of bolt connections, further restricting construction efficiency. The aforementioned underwater construction methods are not only cumbersome and time-consuming, placing extremely high demands on the professional skills of diving personnel, but also harbor significant safety risks. Furthermore, the effective construction window is extremely short due to factors such as water level changes and the marine environment, resulting in low overall construction efficiency. The high difficulty and high risk of underwater operations also drive up construction costs, and the uncontrollability of the underwater environment makes it difficult to effectively guarantee construction accuracy and project quality. Therefore, to address the pain points of this type of "low-standard, high-caisson" construction, it is urgent to use technological means to transform key processes such as caisson positioning and superstructure construction, which originally relied on underwater operations, into controllable onshore construction conditions. Ultimately, this will achieve safe, efficient, and economical construction goals, resolving the aforementioned difficulties currently faced in the construction of low-standard, high-caisson structures. Summary of the Invention

[0003] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and to provide at least the advantages that will be described later.

[0004] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to the present invention, an integrated support device for the construction of a low-elevation caisson and breast wall is provided. The caisson contains transverse and longitudinal partition walls that divide the interior of the caisson into several compartments. The integrated support device includes: The internal support frame beam includes a multi-layer horizontal support frame arranged vertically and a plurality of support columns spaced apart circumferentially along the horizontal support frame. Each support column is fixedly installed on the top of the caisson and fixedly connected to the horizontal support frame. The horizontal support frame includes a plurality of horizontal support beams, each of which corresponds to the transverse partition wall and longitudinal partition wall inside the caisson and is connected to form the horizontal support frame as a whole. The steel cofferdam includes a wall panel surrounding the inner support frame beam, the wall panel being fixedly connected to the inner support frame beam, and the bottom being fixedly connected to the upper end of the caisson via supports; each of the four corner points of the steel cofferdam is fixedly equipped with an adjustment anchor rod and a positioning lifting ring. Multiple work platforms are sequentially supported along the circumference of the caisson on the topmost horizontal support frame.

[0005] Preferably, the steel cofferdam has multiple vertical steel walers spaced apart on both the sea and land sides, and vertical stiffening ribs spaced apart on the other two sides.

[0006] Preferably, the caisson has pre-embedded anchor bolts and screw hole pipes at the respective positions of each of the supporting columns and each of the supports, and the bottom of each of the supporting columns is fixedly connected to the anchor bolts through the support positioning plate; a first pair of tensioning screws are inserted into each of the screw hole pipes, and each of the supports is fixedly connected to the first pair of tensioning screws.

[0007] Preferably, each of the supports is provided with an elastic sealing gasket at the connection between it and the caisson.

[0008] Preferably, the working platform includes a first platform and a second platform with the same structure. Supporting square steel is provided on two opposite sides of the first platform and the second platform, and the supporting square steel on the first platform and the second platform is arranged in a perpendicular direction. The first platform and the second platform are alternately arranged on the top horizontal support frame.

[0009] Preferably, both the first platform and the second platform have an openable cover at their center.

[0010] Another objective of this invention is to provide a construction method for a low-elevation caisson and breast wall, using the aforementioned integrated support device for the construction of a low-elevation caisson and breast wall, comprising the following steps: S1. After the concrete of the caisson is poured and cured until its concrete strength reaches the design value, the supporting columns are temporarily fixed to the caisson; the horizontal supporting frames are hoisted and temporarily fixed to the supporting columns. S2. Hoist the steel cofferdam and weld the wall panel to the installed inner support frame beam; adjust the position of the steel cofferdam so that each support is fixedly connected to the caisson; then weld positioning lifting rings and adjusting anchor rods at the four corner points of the steel cofferdam. S3. Hoisting of each of the aforementioned work platforms; S4. At low tide, after towing the caisson to the designated location, use a hand chain hoist to cross-connect the caisson with the positioning ring on the top of the caisson already installed on the side, and insert wooden blocks between the two caissons in advance; control the caisson to sink, tighten the hand chain hoist simultaneously during the sinking process, and at the same time measure the elevation of the four adjusting anchor rods on the caisson, and adjust the posture of the caisson until it sits on the designed foundation bed; S5. Remove the bottom horizontal support frame and part of the working platform, and replace the remaining horizontal support frame with the second pair of fastening bolts connecting the sea and land sides of the steel cofferdam. S6. After the water level is lower than the top elevation of the steel cofferdam, the water inside the steel cofferdam is pumped out to form a closed dry work area. Construction workers carry out the reinforcement binding and concrete pouring operations of the breast wall in the dry work area.

[0011] Preferably, the work platform has an openable movable cover at its center. In step S4, after the caisson is towed to the designated location, the operator enters the corresponding compartment through the movable cover on the work platform to operate the water inlet valve of the caisson to control the caisson to sink.

[0012] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention provides an integrated support device and construction method for the construction of low-elevation caissons and breast walls, which solves the core problem that the top of existing low-elevation caissons cannot provide the working surface required for caisson installation and breast wall construction. By using internal support frame beams and steel cofferdams, a dry working environment can be quickly constructed on the top of the caisson, which significantly improves construction safety and enables rapid process conversion.

[0013] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will become apparent in part from the following description, and in part from those skilled in the art through study and practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a top view of the integrated support device described in this invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the AA cross-sectional structure of the integrated support device described above; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of section C in the image; Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the BB cross-sectional structure of the integrated support device described above; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of section D in the image; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first platform of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second platform of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection method between the caisson to be installed and the installed caisson in step S4 of the construction method of the low-elevation caisson and breast wall described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0016] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified. In the description of this invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0017] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, this invention provides an integrated support device for the construction of a low-elevation caisson and breast wall. The caisson 4 is provided with transverse and longitudinal partition walls, which divide the interior of the caisson 4 into several compartments. The integrated support device includes: The internal support frame beam 1 includes a multi-layer horizontal support frame 11 arranged vertically and a plurality of support columns 12 spaced apart around the horizontal support frame 11. Each support column 12 is fixedly installed on the top of the caisson 4 and fixedly connected to the horizontal support frame 11. The horizontal support frame 11 includes a plurality of horizontal support beams, each of which corresponds to the transverse partition wall and longitudinal partition wall inside the caisson 4 and is connected to form the horizontal support frame 11. The steel cofferdam 2 includes a wall panel 21 surrounding the inner support frame beam 1. The wall panel 21 is fixedly connected to the inner support frame beam 1, and its bottom is fixedly connected to the upper end of the caisson 4 through a support 24. Adjustment anchors 5 and positioning lifting rings 6 are fixedly installed at the four corners of the steel cofferdam 2. Multiple work platforms 3 are sequentially supported on the top horizontal support frame 11 along the circumference of the caisson 4.

[0018] In this technical solution, the horizontal support frames 11 of each layer in the inner support frame beam 1 are connected by the support columns 12 to form a whole. Preferably, diagonal braces 13 can be set between two adjacent support columns 12 to further increase the rigidity and stability of the inner support frame beam 1. The wall panel 21 can be made of steel plate and is welded and fixed to the horizontal support frame 11 or connected and fixed by fasteners. The working platform 3 is a dry working platform for construction personnel, and guardrails can be set on its outer perimeter. After the caisson 4 is prefabricated, the inner support frame beam 1, the steel cofferdam 2, and the working platform 3 are hoisted in sequence. The inner support frame beam 1, as a rigid internal support, together with the steel cofferdam 2, forms a spatial force-bearing system that can actively and effectively resist external water pressure. The integrated support device formed by the working platform 3 creates a completely dry working environment on the top of the caisson 4, so that the caisson positioning and installation, the reinforcement binding of the breast wall, and the concrete pouring and vibration are all carried out under visible and controllable conditions, completely avoiding the quality and safety hazards caused by underwater operations.

[0019] In another technical solution, multiple vertical steel walers 22 are spaced apart on both the sea and land sides of the steel cofferdam 2, and vertical stiffening ribs 23 are spaced apart on the remaining sides. The vertical steel walers 22 and the vertical stiffening ribs 23 are welded and fixed to the outer side of the wall panel 21 to reinforce and support the wall panel 21. Preferably, the vertical steel walers 22 are made of double-section I-beams.

[0020] In another technical solution, anchor bolts 15 and threaded rod holes are pre-embedded at the locations of each of the supporting columns 12 and each of the supports 24 in the caisson 4. The bottom of each supporting column 12 is fixedly connected to the anchor bolts 15 through a support positioning plate 14. A first pair of tensioning screws 26 are inserted into each of the threaded rod holes, and each support 24 is fixedly connected to the first pair of tensioning screws 26. (Refer to...) Figure 5 The support positioning plate 14 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the support column 12, and has mounting holes corresponding to the anchor bolts 15. When installing the support column 12, the mounting holes are aligned with the anchor bolts 15 and then fixed with nuts. (Refer to...) Figure 3The bottom of the steel cofferdam 2 is supported on the top of the caisson 4 by the support 24, and is anchored by the first pair of tie rods 26 passing through the tie rod holes at the upper end of the caisson 4. The tie rod holes are pre-embedded in the upper end of the side wall of the caisson 4 and penetrate its side wall. The support 24 has mounting holes corresponding to the first pair of tie rods 26. When installing the steel cofferdam 2, the mounting holes on the support 24 are aligned with the corresponding tie rod holes, and then the first pair of tie rods 26 are inserted and fixed at both ends with nuts.

[0021] Furthermore, each of the supports 24 is provided with an elastic sealing gasket 25 at the connection between it and the caisson 4, which is used to seal and stop water.

[0022] In another technical solution, the work platform 3 includes a first platform 31 and a second platform 32 with identical structures, respectively referring to... Figure 6 and Figure 7 On the first platform 31 and the second platform 32, two opposite sides are respectively provided with supporting square steel bars 33 extending outwards, and the supporting square steel bars 33 on the first platform 31 and the second platform 32 are arranged in perpendicular directions; the first platform 31 and the second platform 32 are alternately arranged on the topmost horizontal support frame 11. Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the first platform 31 and the second platform 32 can be configured to cover a single compartment. Specifically, they may include load-bearing beams arranged in a grid pattern and steel mesh fixed above the load-bearing beams. Lifting lugs are also provided on the load-bearing beams. To facilitate installation and avoid interference, the supporting square steel bars 33 on the first platform 31 and the second platform 32 are arranged perpendicularly and welded to the load-bearing beams. The first platform 31 and the second platform 32 are alternately arranged around the circumference of the caisson 4 to meet construction requirements.

[0023] Furthermore, both the first platform 31 and the second platform 32 are equipped with an openable cover plate 34 at their centers. Specifically, a through hole that allows a person to pass through can be made in the center of the steel mesh, and the openable cover plate 34 can be connected to the steel mesh via hinges to cover the through hole. When construction personnel need to enter the interior of the caisson 4, they can enter by opening the openable cover plate 34.

[0024] This application also provides a construction method for a low-elevation caisson and breast wall, using the aforementioned integrated support device for the construction of a low-elevation caisson and breast wall, including the following steps: S1. After the concrete of the caisson 4 is poured and cured until its concrete strength reaches the design value, the supporting columns 12 are temporarily fixed to the caisson 4; the horizontal supporting frames 11 are hoisted and temporarily fixed to the supporting columns 12. Before the concrete pouring of the caisson 4, PVC bolt holes for fixing the first pair of tie rods 26 and the anchor bolts 15 are pre-embedded at the designed positions; the anchor bolts 15 are embedded to a depth of 1000mm, with 200mm exposed at the top; after the concrete of the caisson 4 is poured and cured until its concrete strength reaches the design strength, the inner support frame beams 1 are hoisted using a gantry crane, and each of the horizontal support beams is aligned with the horizontal and longitudinal partition walls of the caisson 4. The support positioning plates 14 at the bottom of each of the support columns 12 are aligned with the pre-embedded anchor bolts 15 and tightened with nuts; each of the horizontal support frames 11 and the support columns 12 are connected as temporary supports to prevent the overall structure from sliding downward.

[0025] S2. Hoist the steel cofferdam 2 and weld the wall panel 21 to the installed inner support frame beam 1; adjust the position of the steel cofferdam 2 so that each support 24 is fixedly connected to the caisson 4; then weld positioning lifting rings 6 and adjusting anchor rods 5 to the four corner points of the steel cofferdam 2. After each of the wall panels 21 is fixed to the inner support frame beam 1, since the horizontal support frames 11 and the support columns 12 are only temporarily fixed in step S2, the steel cofferdam 2 still has some room for movement. By adjusting the position of the steel cofferdam 2 and the horizontal support frames 11, the bottom support 24 is aligned with the corresponding position on the top of the caisson 4. After meeting the installation requirements, the first pair of tension bolts 26 are used for tightening. An elastic sealing gasket 25 is installed at the connection between the first pair of tension bolts 26 and the support 24 to achieve water stop. Then, the positioning lifting rings 6 and the adjusting anchors 5 are welded to the four corners of the steel cofferdam 2.

[0026] S3, hoisting each of the aforementioned work platforms 3; Using a gantry crane, the lifting lugs of the first platform 31 and the second platform 32 are connected by shackles and wire ropes to hoist each of the working platforms 3 to the corresponding compartments around the caisson 4, with guardrails erected at the edges. The first platform 31 and the second platform 32 are arranged alternately and staggered, and the outer supporting square steel 33 forms reliable support with the steel cofferdam 2 or the inner supporting frame beam 1.

[0027] S4. At low tide, after towing the caisson 4 to the designated position, use a hand chain hoist to cross-connect the caisson 4 with the positioning ring 6 on the top of the already installed caisson 7 on the side, and insert wooden blocks between the two caissons in advance; control the caisson 4 to sink, tighten the hand chain hoist at the same time during the sinking process, and measure the elevation of the four adjusting anchor rods 5 on the caisson 4 to adjust the posture of the caisson 4 until it sits on the designed foundation bed; The caisson 4 is installed during low tide, and the overall top elevation of the integrated support device must be higher than the low tide water level. After the caisson 4 is towed to the designated location, operators on the work platform 3 control its sinking by operating the water inlet valve of the caisson 4 through the movable cover plate 34. The water inlet valve is a conventional device used in caisson structures, used to control the amount of water entering the caisson 4 to adjust its sinking speed and attitude. (Refer to...) Figure 8 Using the lifting chain 8 of a hand-operated hoist, the caisson 4 to be installed is cross-connected to the positioning ring 6 on top of the already installed caisson 7, and wooden blocks with a thickness of 6-12cm are pre-inserted between the two caissons. During the sinking process, the hand-operated hoist is tightened simultaneously, and the caisson 7 is steadily lowered under the support of the wooden blocks. At the same time, a total station is set up on the shore to measure the elevation of the four adjusting anchor rods 5 of the caisson, ensuring the planar position and verticality of the caisson 4, until the caisson 4 is seated on the designed foundation, completing the installation.

[0028] S5. Remove the bottom horizontal support frame 11 and part of the working platform 3, and replace the remaining horizontal support frame 11 with the second pair of fastening bolts connecting the sea and land sides of the steel cofferdam 2. After the four caissons are installed and backfilled behind them, the breast wall construction will commence. First, the lowest horizontal support frame 11 of the inner support frame beam 1 will be removed to provide sufficient vertical working space. Simultaneously, the remaining horizontal support beams will be replaced with a second pair of 30mm diameter tie rods connecting the wall panels 21 on both the sea and land sides. The structure of this second pair of tie rods is identical to that of the first pair of tie rods 26; both ends pass through the wall panels 21 on the sea and land sides respectively, and are then secured with nuts. The working platform 3, which partially interfered with the breast wall construction, will be dismantled simultaneously.

[0029] S6. After the water level is lower than the top elevation of the steel cofferdam 2, the water inside the steel cofferdam 2 is pumped out to form a closed dry work area. Construction workers carry out the reinforcement binding and concrete pouring of the breast wall in the dry work area. After the breast wall construction is completed, the remaining integrated support devices are removed.

[0030] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. An integrated support device for the construction of a low-elevation caisson and breast wall, wherein the caisson is provided with transverse and longitudinal partition walls, which divide the interior of the caisson into several compartments, characterized in that, The integrated support device includes: The internal support frame beam includes a multi-layer horizontal support frame arranged vertically and a plurality of support columns spaced apart circumferentially along the horizontal support frame. Each support column is fixedly installed on the top of the caisson and fixedly connected to the horizontal support frame. The horizontal support frame includes a plurality of horizontal support beams, each of which corresponds to the transverse partition wall and longitudinal partition wall inside the caisson and is connected to form the horizontal support frame as a whole. The steel cofferdam includes a wall panel surrounding the inner support frame beam, the wall panel being fixedly connected to the inner support frame beam, and the bottom being fixedly connected to the upper end of the caisson via supports; each of the four corner points of the steel cofferdam is fixedly equipped with an adjustment anchor rod and a positioning lifting ring. Multiple work platforms are sequentially supported along the circumference of the caisson on the topmost horizontal support frame.

2. The integrated support device for low-elevation caisson and breast wall construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steel cofferdam has multiple vertical steel walers spaced apart on both the sea and land sides, and vertical stiffening ribs spaced apart on the other two sides.

3. The integrated support device for low-elevation caisson and breast wall construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The caisson has pre-embedded anchor bolts and screw hole pipes at the locations of each of the supporting columns and supports. The bottom of each supporting column is fixedly connected to the anchor bolts through the support positioning plate. A first pair of tensioning screws is inserted into each screw hole pipe, and each support is fixedly connected to the first pair of tensioning screws.

4. The integrated support device for low-elevation caisson and breast wall construction as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Each of the supports is provided with an elastic sealing gasket at the connection between it and the caisson.

5. The integrated support device for low-elevation caisson and breast wall construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The working platform includes a first platform and a second platform with identical structures. Supporting square steel bars are provided on two opposite sides of the first platform and the second platform, and the supporting square steel bars on the first platform and the second platform are arranged in perpendicular directions. The first platform and the second platform are alternately arranged on the top horizontal support frame.

6. The integrated support device for low-elevation caisson and breast wall construction as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Both the first platform and the second platform have an openable cover at their center.

7. A method for constructing a low-elevation caisson and breast wall, using the integrated support device for constructing a low-elevation caisson and breast wall as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. After the concrete of the caisson is poured and cured until its concrete strength reaches the design value, the supporting columns are temporarily fixed to the caisson; the horizontal supporting frames are hoisted and temporarily fixed to the supporting columns. S2. Hoist the steel cofferdam and weld the wall panel to the installed inner support frame beam; adjust the position of the steel cofferdam so that each support is fixedly connected to the caisson; then weld positioning lifting rings and adjusting anchor rods at the four corner points of the steel cofferdam. S3. Hoisting of each of the aforementioned work platforms; S4. At low tide, after towing the caisson to the designated location, use a hand chain hoist to cross-connect the caisson with the positioning ring on the top of the caisson already installed on the side, and insert wooden blocks between the two caissons in advance; control the caisson to sink, tighten the hand chain hoist simultaneously during the sinking process, and at the same time measure the elevation of the four adjusting anchor rods on the caisson, and adjust the posture of the caisson until it sits on the designed foundation bed; S5. Remove the bottom horizontal support frame and part of the working platform, and replace the remaining horizontal support frame with the second pair of fastening bolts connecting the sea and land sides of the steel cofferdam. S6. After the water level is lower than the top elevation of the steel cofferdam, the water inside the steel cofferdam is pumped out to form a closed dry work area. Construction workers carry out the reinforcement binding and concrete pouring operations of the breast wall in the dry work area.

8. The construction method for low-elevation caissons and breast walls as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The work platform has an openable cover plate at its center. In step S4, after the caisson is towed to the designated location, the operator enters the corresponding compartment through the open cover plate on the work platform to operate the water inlet valve of the caisson and control the caisson to sink.

Images