Greenhouse effect quantitative science popularization device based on multi-sphere concentration gradient

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of science popularization teaching aids, and discloses a greenhouse effect quantitative science popularization device based on multi-sphere concentration gradient. The device comprises a sphere array unit, a sensing and display unit, a control and recording unit, a power supply unit and a supporting system, the sphere array unit is composed of at least three transparent sealing spheres side by side, greenhouse gases with different concentrations are filled in the spheres to form a concentration gradient series, a temperature and illuminance sensor is arranged in each sphere, an integrated display screen is arranged on the outer side of each sphere, and a master control circuit in the base is connected with all the sensors. And data can be continuously recorded and a temperature-time change curve of each sphere can be drawn. According to the invention, by constructing the concentration gradient, real-time quantitative measurement and process data visualization, the positive correlation between the greenhouse gas concentration and the temperature rise effect is displayed in a visual and scientific manner, the problems of single comparison and lack of quantitative data support of the existing science popularization means are solved, and the science popularization demonstration effect and the teaching value are significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of science education tools, and in particular to a quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on a multi-sphere concentration gradient. Background Technology

[0002] As the core driving mechanism of global climate change, the greenhouse effect is an important and challenging task of popular science education to effectively disseminate its scientific principles to the public, especially teenagers and students. At present, the technical means used to explain the greenhouse effect in popular science practice can be mainly divided into the following categories, but all of them have different degrees of limitations: (1) Media illustrations and animation simulations: Charts, animations or videos are widely used to show the theoretical model of how greenhouse gases capture infrared radiation. Although this method can explain the basic principles, it lacks the sense of physical interaction and the realism of the process. Learners are in a state of passively receiving information and cannot operate or witness the direct and dynamic physical process of a specific gas causing a temperature increase. This has limited help in establishing intuitive causal cognition and a deep impression. (2) Simple container control experiment: Commonly used in classroom demonstrations, usually two transparent containers (such as beakers or glass bottles) are filled with air and carbon dioxide (CO2) respectively, placed under the same light source, and the temperature difference between the two is observed by ordinary thermometer. Although this method provides physical comparisons, it has significant drawbacks: the comparison dimension is singular: it can only make binary comparisons of the presence of gas and the absence (or low) of gas, and cannot demonstrate the key quantitative law that greenhouse gas concentration is positively correlated with the warming effect. Learners find it difficult to understand the severity of the concentration accumulation effect from a single comparison. The simulation concept is distorted: using regular containers (such as cubes) makes it difficult to vividly analogize the overall concept of a planet and its enclosing atmosphere, which weakens the accuracy of the scientific metaphor. The data is coarse and cannot be recorded: it relies on manual reading of thermometers, which has low accuracy and is prone to errors. It cannot continuously and automatically record the temperature change process over time, and cannot analyze the warming kinetic curve. The scientific nature and persuasiveness of the experimental results are insufficient. (3) Existing teaching aids and devices: there are also some highly integrated demonstration devices on the market, but their design often fails to fully solve the above problems. For example, some devices may have added sensors and displays, but are still limited to comparing two samples; or although multiple samples are used, there is a lack of systematic concentration gradient design and unified and precise environmental control (such as ensuring uniformity of illumination); or the device does not integrate automatic data recording and visualization playback functions, and the experimental process is fleeting, which is not conducive to teaching analysis and post-class discussion.

[0003] In summary, existing popular science techniques for the greenhouse effect generally suffer from limited comparative dimensions (usually only binary comparisons), crude data collection (reliant on manual labor and discontinuous), and a lack of ability to synchronously and accurately monitor and visualize the dynamic process of concentration gradient and temperature rise. This makes it difficult to scientifically and quantitatively reveal the positive correlation between the cumulative effect of greenhouse gas concentration and the rate of temperature rise and equilibrium temperature.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a new type of science popularization demonstration device that is scientifically designed, provides multi-dimensional comparisons, presents intuitive data, and offers a wealth of functions. This device should be able to automatically, accurately, and continuously measure and record temperature changes in a series of environments with different greenhouse gas concentrations, using a physical model that most closely resembles the shape of natural planets, under strictly controlled and identical lighting conditions. This would allow for the intuitive presentation of the quantitative relationship between concentration and effect in the form of irrefutable data curves, and support further experimental expansion, fundamentally enhancing the scientific rigor, interest, and inspiration of science popularization education. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a scientifically designed, intuitively comparative, quantitatively data-driven, and feature-rich device for quantitative science popularization on the greenhouse effect based on multi-sphere concentration gradients.

[0006] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the first aspect of the present invention provides a quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on a multi-sphere concentration gradient, comprising a sphere array unit, a sensing and display unit, a control and recording unit, a power supply unit, and a support system;

[0007] The spherical array unit consists of at least three transparent sealed spheres arranged side by side, each sphere being filled with a different concentration of greenhouse gas, forming a series of greenhouse gas concentration gradients from low to high concentrations.

[0008] The sensing and display unit includes a temperature sensor and an illuminance sensor disposed inside each of the spheres, and an integrated display screen disposed on the outside of each of the spheres;

[0009] The control and recording unit includes a main control circuit, which is configured to receive signals from each of the temperature sensors and light sensors, and send display signals to each of the integrated displays. The main control circuit has a built-in data recording and storage module for continuously recording temperature and light intensity data inside each sphere, and can plot and display the temperature-time change curve of each sphere based on the recorded data.

[0010] The power supply unit is used to supply power to the sensing and display unit and the control and recording unit;

[0011] The support system is used to fix and support the spherical array unit, the control and recording unit, and the power supply unit.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the sphere array unit, at least one sphere is filled with air or nitrogen, and the remaining spheres are filled with a single type of greenhouse gas and distributed in a concentration gradient, or filled with different types of greenhouse gases for comparison; and / or, the number of the transparent sealed spheres is 3 to 5; and / or, the distance between two adjacent transparent sealed spheres is 2 to 5 cm.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the greenhouse gas is selected from carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, or fluorinated gases; and / or, the concentration of the greenhouse gas in adjacent spheres increases sequentially.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, each of the transparent sealed spheres has a label area on its surface indicating the composition and concentration of its internal gas; and / or, the power supply unit includes a built-in lithium battery or an external power interface; and / or, the support system includes a base, the main control circuit of the control and recording unit is disposed in the base, the base integrates a gas pipeline, the gas pipeline is connected to each sphere, and is used for filling or replacing gas.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the transparent sealing sphere is made of a material with a visible light transmittance ≥90% and an infrared transmittance ≥60% in the 8~14μm band; and / or, the device further includes a light homogenizing system for homogenizing the light intensity received by each transparent sealing sphere in the sphere array unit.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the material is selected from optical glass or acrylic.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, a movable light-shielding plate is also included, which can selectively cover the top or side of the spherical array unit for conducting comparative experiments on heating and cooling under illumination and shading conditions.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, the control and recording unit further includes a data export module, which is at least one of a USB interface, a Wi-Fi module, or a Bluetooth module, for exporting the recorded temperature and illuminance data to an external device.

[0019] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for using the above-mentioned quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on multi-sphere concentration gradient, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1. Place the device under a stable light source to ensure that each sphere receives uniform illumination;

[0021] S2. Observe the temperature difference of each sphere in real time through the integrated display screen, and intuitively compare the temperature rise effect under different greenhouse gas concentrations or types;

[0022] S3. The temperature-time change curves of each sphere are retrieved and displayed through the control and recording unit to analyze the heating rate and equilibrium temperature of spheres with different concentrations.

[0023] S4. Selectively perform comparative experiments, including covering the sphere with a light-shielding plate to observe the cooling process, or exporting data for in-depth analysis.

[0024] The third aspect of this invention provides the use of the above-mentioned quantitative greenhouse effect popular science device in popular science education for intuitively and quantitatively demonstrating the positive correlation between greenhouse gas concentration and temperature rise effect.

[0025] As described above, the quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on multi-sphere concentration gradient of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. This invention breaks through the single mode of existing technology without comparison. By constructing a series of greenhouse gas concentration gradients from background values ​​to high concentrations, it transforms abstract scientific principles into intuitive phenomena that are visible to the naked eye and verifiable by data. Learners can directly observe that, under the same light conditions, the higher the concentration of a sphere, the faster its temperature rises and the higher its final equilibrium temperature. This profoundly reveals the core scientific law that greenhouse gas concentration is positively correlated with the warming effect, significantly enhancing the depth and persuasiveness of teaching.

[0027] 2. The quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on multi-sphere concentration gradient provided by this invention integrates high-precision sensors and a real-time display system, converting temperature changes into precise numbers and continuous change curves. Learners can not only see who is hotter, but also accurately read how much heat is generated and how fast the temperature rises. This data-driven and visualized presentation method elevates science popularization from traditional qualitative observation to a semi-quantitative or even quantitative analysis level, greatly enhancing the scientific rigor and exploratory value of the experiment, and helping to cultivate learners' data thinking and scientific empirical spirit.

[0028] 3. The quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on multi-sphere concentration gradient provided by this invention integrates multiple functions such as automatic recording, curve playback, data export, and cooling comparison experiments combined with a light-shielding plate. Teachers can flexibly design different research topics (such as the effect of concentration, the effect of gas type, the heat preservation effect, etc.) according to teaching needs, and students can also actively participate in the data collection and analysis process. This integrated and expandable design makes the device not only a demonstration tool, but also an open scientific research platform, effectively stimulating learners' active exploration interest.

[0029] 4. This invention uses a transparent, sealed sphere to simulate a miniature planet. Its shape is more in line with the scientific metaphor of the atmosphere enveloping the Earth than traditional containers, and the concept is conveyed more accurately. All components are highly integrated into a stable base, forming an integrated and portable device. When in use, it only needs to be placed under a light source to start working automatically. The operation is extremely simple and requires no complicated preparation. It is very suitable for efficient and stable demonstrations and experiments in classrooms, science museums, science popularization activities and other scenarios, and has strong practicality. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 The image shown is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of a quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on a multi-sphere concentration gradient, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view of the internal sensor mounting structure of a single transparent sealed sphere according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a partial structural schematic of a gas filling system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the interface of the main display screen showing the concentration-temperature rise relationship according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a side view of a light-shielding plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a top view of a light-shielding plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 The diagram shown is a block diagram of the signal transmission and electrical control core module of a quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on a multi-sphere concentration gradient, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure label:

[0038] 1-Spherical array; 1A-Spherical one; 1B-Spherical two; 1C-Spherical three; 1D-Spherical four; 2-Temperature sensor; 3-Illuminance sensor; 4-Individual display screen; 5-Base; 6-Main display screen; 7-Data export interface; 8-Power switch; 9-Gas filling / exhausting port; 10-Gas pipeline; 11-Base back plate; 12-Opaque rotating blade; 13-Synchronization rod; 14-Light shield bracket; 15-Lifting support rod. Specific Implementation

[0039] The following specific examples illustrate embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0040] Please see Figures 1-4 It should be noted that the illustrations provided in this embodiment are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the figures only show components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape, and size of the components in the actual implementation. The shape, quantity, proportion, and layout of each component can be arbitrarily adjusted and may be more complex.

[0041] The first aspect of this invention provides a quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on a multi-sphere concentration gradient. Through a system integrating gradient sampling, synchronous monitoring, and data visualization, the abstract principles of the greenhouse effect are transformed into intuitive and quantifiable experimental phenomena. The device includes a sphere array unit, a sensing and display unit, a control and recording unit, a power supply unit, and a support system.

[0042] The spherical array unit is the main body of the device. Spherical array 1 consists of multiple transparent, sealed spheres arranged side-by-side to simulate planets with different atmospheric compositions. The spheres are preferably spherical and made of high-transmittance materials (such as optical glass or acrylic) to ensure effective penetration of visible light. To ensure that the warming effect of greenhouse gases absorbing infrared radiation within the spheres can be clearly observed, preferably, the selected spherical material should allow a considerable portion of infrared radiation to pass through for gas absorption, rather than completely reflecting or blocking it. In some specific embodiments of the invention, the infrared radiation transmittance of the optical glass / acrylic used is ≥70% (8~14μm band, the main band of Earth's infrared radiation). In some embodiments of the invention, the greenhouse gas is selected from carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, or fluorinated gases, with the concentration of the greenhouse gas in adjacent spheres increasing proportionally; for example, the concentration difference of carbon dioxide can be 50~200ppm, and the coverage range of the concentration gradient can be 400~800ppm.

[0043] The sensing and display unit is used to synchronously collect and provide real-time feedback on the internal environmental parameters of each sphere. For example... Figures 2-3 As shown, the system constructs a complete data acquisition, transmission, and display chain:

[0044] A temperature sensor 2 and a light intensity sensor 3 are installed inside each transparent sealed sphere. To lead the sensor signals to an external processing unit while ensuring the long-term sealing of the sphere, the sensors are connected to the main control circuit via wires (e.g., flexible PCB or shielded wires) passing through a dedicated sealed interface (such as a potted aviation plug) on ​​the sphere wall. As an optional implementation, the sensors can also integrate a miniature wireless communication module (such as a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) chip) to transmit data wirelessly, thereby avoiding physical wiring and simplifying the sphere structure. The main control circuit synchronously receives data from all sphere sensors at a set sampling frequency (e.g., 1 Hz, preferably 0.5~10 Hz). The signal outputs of all sensors are ultimately converged and electrically connected to the main control circuit. The main control circuit integrates a multi-channel analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a microcontroller unit (MCU), such as a circuit board based on an STM32 series chip. The main control circuit synchronously polls or receives data from all sphere sensors at a set sampling frequency (e.g., 1 Hz) to complete signal conditioning, digitization, and preprocessing.

[0045] Each sphere has an individual display screen 4 on its exterior, used to display the temperature data of that sphere in real time. The real-time temperature data of each sphere, after being processed by the main control circuit, is distributed to the corresponding individual display screen 4 for display. The specific display drive connection method can be: the main control circuit connects via a serial communication bus (e.g., I...). 2 The individual display screens (C-bus and SPI bus) are connected to each individual display screen 4, and send their dedicated display data to each display screen in a time-division multiplexing manner. The individual display screens 4 can use low-power display modules such as OLED and LCD.

[0046] Those skilled in the art will understand that the wired sensor connection and serial bus-based display driving method described above are merely exemplary implementations of the core data flow link of "signal acquisition - centralized processing - distribution to display". Without departing from the core concept of this invention, other known and functionally equivalent data transmission and communication schemes can be used instead. For example, wireless sensor network technologies such as Zigbee and LoRa can be used between the sensor and the main control circuit, while the main control circuit and the display screen can be connected and interact with data using parallel interfaces, custom IO drivers, or wireless push (such as Wi-Fi). Simultaneously, all data is stored in the built-in SD card and can be plotted on the main display screen 6 via the main control circuit.

[0047] The control and recording unit is the data processing center of the device. In some preferred embodiments, the main control circuit of the control and recording unit can be integrated into the base 5 to improve the device's integration and portability. Its core function is to synchronously record data from all sensors and to plot and display the temperature-time change curves of each sphere based on this data, enabling dynamic playback and quantitative analysis of the process. The curves can be updated in real time, and multiple curves can be displayed simultaneously for comparison (e.g., ...). Figure 4 (As shown). This unit typically also includes a data export module (such as USB, Wi-Fi) to support external data transfer and in-depth processing.

[0048] The power supply unit and support system provide energy and physical support for the device, ensuring its stable operation and portability. The power supply unit powers all electronic components of the device and may include a built-in rechargeable lithium battery and / or an external power interface to adapt to different application scenarios; for example, a built-in 5000mAh rechargeable lithium battery supports 8 hours of continuous operation; the external power interface is a 5V / 2A USB-C interface, supporting simultaneous charging and use. The support system includes a base 5 for fixing and accommodating each unit. Preferably, the base can be made of materials such as ABS engineering plastic. An anti-slip rubber pad is provided under the base 5 to prevent the device from sliding or shifting; the sphere is fixed to the base 5 using a threaded connection, allowing for sensor removal, replacement, or repair; a fluororubber sealing ring is embedded at the threaded interface, achieving a gas seal after tightening.

[0049] The base 5 can also integrate a gas pipeline 10. One end of the gas pipeline 10 is connected to the gas filling / exhausting port 9 of each sphere, and the other end extends to the external interface of the base back plate 11. By connecting to the gas filling / exhausting port 9 through an external gas distribution device, the greenhouse gas can be precisely filled into each sphere, with a greenhouse gas concentration control error of ±10ppm. After the experiment, the gas is discharged through the same gas filling / exhausting port 9, facilitating the reuse of the device. The support system also includes a built-in or external light-diffusing system. For example, a strip LED parallel light source is set above the sphere array 1, and / or a reflector or light-diffusing plate is set on the base 5 to ensure that the light intensity and spectral distribution irradiated on the surface of each sphere are basically consistent. Preferably, the illuminance sensor 3 is used to monitor and provide feedback on the uniformity of the light received by each sphere. When the difference in illuminance exceeds a set threshold, a prompt can be issued through the main control circuit.

[0050] Figure 7The diagram illustrates the data flow, control flow, and power supply relationships within the device. Temperature sensors 2 and illuminance sensors 3 within each sphere transmit collected environmental parameter signals to the main control circuit (MCU) via wired or wireless means. The MCU distributes the processed real-time temperature data to the individual displays 4 on the corresponding spheres for local display. Simultaneously, it continuously records all synchronously collected data to the built-in storage module (such as an SD card) and can control the plotting, comparison, and playback of temperature-time change curves on the main display 6. Furthermore, the stored data can be transferred to external devices via a data export module (USB / Wi-Fi / Bluetooth). The power supply for the entire system is uniformly distributed and managed by the power management module through a power supply unit (built-in lithium battery or external power supply). Additionally, the device can be equipped with a movable light-shielding plate for comparative experiments to expand the insulation effect.

[0051] Based on the above embodiments, the general method for quantitative demonstration and investigation of the greenhouse effect using the device is as follows: (1) Initialization and light equalization: The device is placed under a stable light source. Through the light equalization system and the light intensity sensor feedback, the light intensity received by each transparent sealed sphere in the sphere array is basically the same to control a single variable. (2) Real-time data monitoring and intuitive comparison: After the device is powered on, the temperature sensors of each sphere start working continuously, and their real-time temperature values ​​are displayed on the corresponding integrated display screen. Users can directly observe and record the instantaneous temperature difference between spheres with different greenhouse gas concentrations (or types). (3) Process data playback and quantitative analysis: Through the control and recording unit, the stored temperature-time data is retrieved, and the temperature-time change curves of each sphere are plotted and compared on the main display screen. By analyzing the slope (heating / cooling rate) and plateau value (equilibrium temperature) of the curve, the positive correlation between greenhouse gas concentration and temperature rise effect is quantitatively revealed. (4) Extended Experimental Investigation: The light-shielding plate set up in the activity can be used to cover the light source after the temperature of the spheres reaches equilibrium. The cooling curves of each sphere under no-light conditions can be observed and compared to visually demonstrate the heat-preserving effect of greenhouse gases. In addition, the complete experimental data can be exported through the data export module for further in-depth analysis.

[0052] To illustrate the embodiments and application scenarios of the present invention more specifically, several application examples are provided below. These examples, while following the overall scheme described above, demonstrate different gas configurations and experimental focuses.

[0053] Application Example 1: Demonstration of Standard CO2 Concentration Gradient

[0054] This application example aims to demonstrate the positive correlation between concentration and temperature rise in the most intuitive way. The device uses four transparent acrylic spheres (see [link to application example]). Figure 1 The spheres 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D are arranged at equal intervals (e.g., 2.5cm) with a diameter of approximately 10cm.

[0055] The internal gas configuration of each sphere is as follows, forming a series of CO2 concentration gradients: Sphere 1A: Filled with clean air as a control group (approximately 400 ppm CO2). Sphere 1B: Filled with a mixed gas with a CO2 concentration of 500 ppm. Sphere 1C: Filled with a mixed gas with a CO2 concentration of 600 ppm. Sphere 1D: Filled with a mixed gas with a CO2 concentration of 700 ppm. The output end of the high-precision gas mixer is connected to the external interface on the back plate 11 of the base. Gas is delivered to the gas filling / exhausting port 9 of each sphere through the gas pipeline 10 inside the base. Gas is filled into the sphere according to the preset concentration. Each sphere's gas filling / exhausting port 9 has an independent valve or sealing joint to ensure that the concentration gradient remains stable during the experiment and to avoid leakage or cross-contamination. After filling, the sealing valve of the gas filling / exhausting port 9 is closed to ensure that the sphere is sealed, and the concentration error is controlled within ±10 ppm.

[0056] like Figure 2 As shown, each sphere has a built-in temperature sensor 2 (such as the DS18B20 high-precision digital temperature sensor, with a measurement range of -55~+125℃ and an accuracy of ±0.5℃) and an illuminance sensor 3 (such as the BH1750, with a measurement range of 0~65535lx and an accuracy of ±20lx).

[0057] Each sphere has an OLED individual display screen 4 on the surface of its base 5 to display the internal temperature of the sphere in real time.

[0058] The base 5 embeds a main control circuit board (based on an STM32F103 chip), synchronously recording all sensor data to the built-in SD card at a frequency of 1Hz. A touchscreen main display 6 is located on the front, capable of retrieving and plotting four parallel temperature-time curves (such as...). Figure 4 As shown, the horizontal axis represents time (unit: min), and the vertical axis represents temperature (unit: ℃). Different colored curves correspond to spheres of different concentrations (labeled on the right side of the curves).

[0059] The base 5 has a power switch 8, a built-in lithium battery, and a USB interface 7 on the side as a data export interface. It can also integrate a Wi-Fi module (such as ESP8266) for wireless data export.

[0060] Teaching demonstration: Placed under a light source, students can immediately observe a clear pattern of temperature increase with increasing CO2 concentration on four individual display screens 4. By replaying the curve on the main display screen 6, further quantitative analysis can be performed on the differences in heating rate and equilibrium temperature between spheres of different concentrations.

[0061] Application Example 2: Extended Experiment on the Insulation Effect (Cooling Process)

[0062] This application example builds upon the hardware of Application Example 1, focusing on demonstrating the heat-preserving effect of greenhouse gases. A movable shading panel (such as...) is added. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the light-shielding plate consists of a light-shielding plate bracket 14, an opaque rotating blade 12, a synchronizing rod 13, and a lifting support rod 15. The light-shielding plate bracket is fixed on the base back plate 11. The opaque rotating blade 12 is composed of multiple aluminum louvers that can rotate synchronously around an axis to adjust the light-shielding rate. The synchronizing rod 13 connects all the blades through gears. Rotating the synchronizing rod 13 can adjust the opening and closing angle of the blades. The lifting support rod 15 can adjust the height of the light-shielding plate.

[0063] Experimental methods:

[0064] 1. Place the device under the light source until the temperature of each sphere reaches equilibrium (the curve enters the plateau period).

[0065] 2. Quickly cover the spherical array 1 with the light-shielding plate and adjust it to a fully light-shielding state by rotating the opaque rotating blade 12 to block external light sources.

[0066] 3. At this time, the control and recording unit continues to work, and four temperature curves can be observed on the main display screen 6 to synchronously transition from the plateau period to the cooling stage.

[0067] 4. The light exposure can be gradually restored by adjusting the blade angle or raising the height of the shading plate, and the temperature rise response of the sphere can be observed.

[0068] Teaching Demonstration: By comparing and analyzing the slopes of the cooling curves, it can be found that the sphere with a higher CO2 concentration experiences a slower temperature decrease. This visually demonstrates that high concentrations of greenhouse gases not only exacerbate warming but also slow down the cooling process, thus vividly demonstrating their heat trapping or heat preservation effects. The adjustable design of the shade plate can also simulate real-world environmental changes such as "cloudy weather" and "partial shading," further enhancing the relevance of the experiment and enriching the teaching experience.

[0069] Application Example 3: Comparative Demonstration of Different Types of Greenhouse Gases

[0070] This application example aims to compare the warming potential (GWP) of different greenhouse gas molecules. The device uses a spherical array consisting of three transparent, sealed spheres. Each sphere is also equipped with a temperature sensor 2 (such as the DS18B20 high-precision digital temperature sensor) and an illuminance sensor 3 (such as the BH1750), and their connection and recording methods are the same as in Application Example 1.

[0071] The gas configurations are as follows: First sphere: filled with air as a control group. Second sphere: filled with methane (CH4) at a concentration of 600 ppm. Third sphere: filled with carbon dioxide (CO2) at a concentration of 600 ppm.

[0072] Teaching Demonstration: Under the same illumination conditions, although the gas concentrations are the same, the final equilibrium temperature and warming rate of the second sphere (CH4) are significantly higher than those of the third sphere (CO2). This is because different greenhouse gas molecules have different infrared absorption spectra and absorption intensities. Methane (CH4) has a significantly stronger absorption capacity than carbon dioxide (CO2) in a specific infrared band. Therefore, under the same concentration and illumination conditions, the sphere filled with methane has a higher efficiency in capturing infrared radiation, resulting in a more significant warming rate and equilibrium temperature. By comparing the numerical values ​​on individual display screen 4 and the curves on the main display screen 6, the relative warming capacity of different greenhouse gas unit molecules can be intuitively and qualitatively demonstrated. This is suitable for higher-level popular science courses, guiding students to understand the concept of Global Warming Potential (GWP).

[0073] The above application examples demonstrate that the device of the present invention, through flexible configuration, can realize a series of popular science experiments from basic to advanced, and from single-factor to multi-factor comparison, transforming complex scientific principles into reliable data and intuitive phenomena.

[0074] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on multi-sphere concentration gradient, characterized in that, It includes a spherical array unit, a sensing and display unit, a control and recording unit, a power supply unit, and a support system; The spherical array unit consists of at least three transparent sealed spheres arranged side by side, each sphere being filled with a different concentration of greenhouse gas, forming a series of greenhouse gas concentration gradients from low to high concentrations. The sensing and display unit includes a temperature sensor and an illuminance sensor disposed inside each of the spheres, and an integrated display screen disposed on the outside of each of the spheres; The control and recording unit includes a main control circuit, which is configured to receive signals from each of the temperature sensors and light sensors, and send display signals to each of the integrated displays. The main control circuit has a built-in data recording and storage module for continuously recording temperature and light intensity data inside each sphere, and can plot and display the temperature-time change curve of each sphere based on the recorded data. The power supply unit is used to supply power to the sensing and display unit and the control and recording unit; The support system is used to fix and support the spherical array unit, the control and recording unit, and the power supply unit.

2. The quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on multi-sphere concentration gradient according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the spherical array unit, at least one sphere is filled with air or nitrogen, and the remaining spheres are filled with a single type of greenhouse gas in a concentration gradient distribution, or are filled with different types of greenhouse gases for comparison; and / or, the number of the transparent sealed spheres is 3 to 5; and / or, the distance between two adjacent transparent sealed spheres is 2 to 5 cm.

3. The quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on multi-sphere concentration gradient according to claim 2, characterized in that, The greenhouse gas is selected from carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, or fluorinated gases; and / or, the concentration of the greenhouse gas in adjacent spheres increases sequentially.

4. The quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on multi-sphere concentration gradient according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the transparent sealed spheres has a label area on its surface indicating the composition and concentration of its internal gas; and / or, the temperature sensor and / or illuminance sensor are connected to the main control circuit via a wireless communication module; and / or, the power supply unit includes a built-in lithium battery or an external power interface; and / or, the support system includes a base, the main control circuit of the control and recording unit is located in the base, the base integrates a gas pipeline, and the gas pipeline is connected to each sphere for filling or replacing gas.

5. The quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on multi-sphere concentration gradient according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent sealed sphere is made of a material with a visible light transmittance of ≥90% and an infrared transmittance of ≥60% in the 8~14μm wavelength band; and / or, the device further includes a light homogenizing system for homogenizing the light intensity received by each transparent sealed sphere in the sphere array unit.

6. The quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on multi-sphere concentration gradient according to claim 5, characterized in that, The material is selected from optical glass or acrylic; and / or, the light homogenizing system includes a strip parallel light source disposed above the spherical array unit, and / or a reflective element disposed on the side of the spherical array unit.

7. The quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on multi-sphere concentration gradient according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, It also includes a movable light-shielding plate that can selectively cover the top or side of the spherical array unit for conducting comparative experiments on heating and cooling under illumination and shading conditions.

8. The quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on multi-sphere concentration gradient according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The control and recording unit also includes a data export module, which is at least one of a USB interface, a Wi-Fi module, or a Bluetooth module, and is used to export the recorded temperature and illuminance data to an external device.

9. A method of using a quantitative science popularization device for the greenhouse effect based on a multi-sphere concentration gradient as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Place the device under a stable light source to ensure that each sphere receives uniform illumination; S2. Observe the temperature difference of each sphere in real time through the integrated display screen, and intuitively compare the temperature rise effect under different greenhouse gas concentrations or types; S3. The temperature-time change curves of each sphere are retrieved and displayed through the control and recording unit to analyze the heating rate and equilibrium temperature of spheres with different concentrations. S4. Selectively perform comparative experiments, including covering the sphere with a light-shielding plate to observe the cooling process, or exporting data for in-depth analysis.

10. The greenhouse effect quantitative science popularization device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 is used in science popularization education for the intuitive and quantitative demonstration of the positive correlation between greenhouse gas concentration and temperature rise effect.

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