Household split-phase load limiting control method for electric energy metering box

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electric energy metering, and discloses a household and phase-splitting load limiting control method for an electric energy metering box, which is used for solving the problem that high-frequency and full-coverage synchronous data acquisition cannot be realized in a traditional method. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, installing an acquisition terminal in an electric energy metering box, and connecting the acquisition terminal to each phase line of each household to form a full-coverage acquisition network; starting a terminal clock synchronization process, and calibrating a sensor node; setting an acquisition frequency, sending an instruction to the node through the terminal controller, and distributing tasks in groups according to households and phases; triggering node data acquisition, maintaining opening of a communication link, and supporting real-time exchange; transmitting the collected data to a terminal controller, and organizing and constructing a data set according to households and phases; the data set is forwarded to a control module, a load limit threshold is adjusted according to data, control instructions are generated according to households and phases, and load limit operation is executed; according to the method, self-adaptive management of electric energy distribution is realized through household split-phase acquisition and dynamic load limiting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electricity metering technology, specifically to a method for controlling the load limits of electricity metering boxes by household and phase. Background Technology

[0002] As a core device in residential electricity management systems, electricity metering boxes are primarily used for accurate electricity metering, data acquisition, and load control. With the rapid development of smart grids, individual household and phase-specific load limiting control methods have become key technologies for optimizing electricity distribution, preventing overload, and improving energy efficiency. This method effectively balances three-phase loads by independently monitoring and limiting the electricity consumption of each household and each phase, avoiding system instability caused by single-phase overload, and supports remote management and abnormal alarms. In practical applications, electricity metering boxes typically integrate electricity meters, data acquisition terminals, and control modules to collect electrical parameters such as voltage, current, and power, and execute load limiting operations accordingly. However, existing individual household and phase-specific load limiting control methods still have significant shortcomings in the data acquisition stage, particularly in achieving high-frequency, full-coverage synchronous data acquisition, which directly restricts the system's real-time performance and refined management capabilities. In existing technologies, some solutions attempt to optimize the control performance of metering boxes. For example, CN107248741A discloses a building electricity sub-metering device, which includes a main controller, a communication module, and multiple sub-metering units. It achieves electricity classification and management through sub-item data collection. The advantage of this patent lies in its integrated metering function, supporting individual household electricity monitoring and basic load limiting control, such as adjusting load distribution based on thresholds. However, its data acquisition terminal relies on periodic sampling, typically at 60-minute intervals, which cannot support higher-frequency synchronous acquisition. In dynamic electricity consumption scenarios, this results in poor data timeliness, making it impossible to capture phase current fluctuations in real time, affecting time-sharing line loss analysis. Specifically, during peak-valley switching, the system struggles to capture all phase current fluctuations within a 5-minute granularity. The over-collection of phase line data leads to a slow load limiting response, which may cause overload or three-phase imbalance. Similarly, CN112821553A proposes a phase-by-phase load limiting system based on an energy controller, including a segmented, phase-by-phase, and time-by-time line loss analysis module. It monitors photovoltaic and charging piles through a data acquisition terminal to achieve load balancing and anomaly location. This patent integrates a line loss algorithm and supports threshold adjustment to improve intelligence. However, synchronous data acquisition is still limited to a 30-60 minute cycle, which cannot meet the 5-minute full coverage requirement, resulting in insufficient granularity of line loss analysis and an inability to accurately quantify instantaneous losses. Specific problems include: when data is not synchronized, multi-phase information cannot be integrated, and threshold setting deviations occur; the lack of full coverage ignores edge households, further amplifying metering errors and control delays. The shortcomings of the existing technologies highlighted the technical challenges of high-frequency, full-coverage synchronous data acquisition. Existing terminals are limited by computing resources, bandwidth, and power consumption, which affects line loss accuracy and load limit response. For example, single-phase overloads accumulate within intervals during peak periods, making it impossible to intervene in time and increasing potential risks. Therefore, it is necessary to provide new methods to achieve high-frequency, full-coverage synchronous data acquisition and improve the real-time control and refined management of metering boxes. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for separate load limiting control of electricity metering boxes for each household and phase, which solves the problem that traditional methods cannot achieve high-frequency, full-coverage synchronous data acquisition. Technical solution

[0004] To achieve the goal of high-frequency, full-coverage synchronous data acquisition mentioned in the background section, this invention provides the following technical solution: The method for individual household and phase-specific load limiting control of electricity metering boxes includes: S1: Install a data acquisition terminal in the electricity metering box and connect the data acquisition terminal to each phase line of each household to form a fully covered data acquisition network layout. S2: Start the internal clock synchronization process of the acquisition terminal, use the clock signal source to calibrate all sensor nodes, and eliminate the impact of time offset on data synchronization; S3: Set the acquisition frequency parameters, send acquisition instructions to each sensor node through the terminal controller, and distribute tasks by user and by phase group; S4: Triggers the sensor node to start data acquisition, keeps the communication link between nodes open, and supports real-time data exchange; S5: Transmit the collected data to the terminal controller, store the raw data of all nodes, organize the data structure by user and phase, and build a complete dataset; S6: Forward the aggregated dataset to the control module, adjust the load limit threshold according to the dataset, generate control instructions per user and per phase, and execute the load limiting operation.

[0005] In a preferred embodiment, a data acquisition terminal is installed inside the electricity metering box, and the data acquisition terminal is connected to each phase line of each household to form a fully covered data acquisition network layout, including: A data acquisition terminal is installed inside the electricity metering box, and the signal of each phase line of each user is connected through a multi-channel interface. The terminal is fixed to the wall of the enclosure using an insulating bracket, away from high-voltage components; Insulated wires are used to connect each household's A, B, and C phases to the corresponding terminal channels, and the terminals are fastened and insulated. Each phase line is equipped with a dedicated sensor node, with a built-in unique identification code, and is connected to the terminal via wireless or wired protocols; Draw a node layout diagram and establish a star or mesh connection structure; The terminal clock synchronization mechanism is activated, and a time synchronization signal is sent to the node.

[0006] In a preferred embodiment, the internal clock synchronization process of the acquisition terminal is initiated, and all sensor nodes are calibrated using a clock signal source to eliminate the impact of time offset on data synchronization, including: A built-in high-precision clock module generates a reference signal and broadcasts it to all sensor nodes; After receiving the signal, the node adjusts its local counter to align with the reference time. The node generates a confirmation report packet and sends it back to the terminal, which then summarizes and updates the node status table. The terminal sends a query packet to the node group to verify the synchronization status. If the deviation exceeds the threshold, the calibration is repeated accordingly. The node enters a low-power listening mode and sets a timer to periodically wake up in response to acquisition commands; Configure opto-isolation modules to isolate signal interference and reserve an automatic registration mechanism for new nodes.

[0007] In a preferred embodiment, the acquisition frequency parameters are set, acquisition commands are sent to each sensor node via the terminal controller, and tasks are distributed by user and by phase, including: Set the acquisition frequency parameters in the acquisition terminal controller configuration interface and save them to non-volatile memory; A task grouping list is generated based on the synchronization node directory, and each phase node is grouped by user number while considering load balancing. Pack the collection instructions for each group; Distribute instructions to nodes via broadcast or multicast, listen for confirmation feedback, and resend instructions if any are missing. Configure a remote access interface, support dual backup storage mechanism, automatic grouping and updating of newly added nodes, and reserve extended fields for instruction frames.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the sensor node is triggered to begin data acquisition, the communication link between nodes is kept open, and real-time data exchange is supported, including: Send acquisition instructions to each sensor node, including start time, acquisition type code, and grouping information; The node parses the timestamp and type code in the instruction frame and compares them with the local clock. During matching, the sampling circuit is triggered to switch from standby mode to sampling mode, and the power supply conversion is controlled by the voltage regulator; The sampling circuit is equipped with a multiplexer, an analog-to-digital converter, a low-pass filter, and interfaces for voltage and current transformers; High-frequency sampling is performed during the AC cycle, and the signal is filtered, amplified, and then input into the converter to buffer the sampled data; Active power is calculated based on instantaneous voltage and current values, and reactive power is calculated through phase shifting. The measurement sequence is set so that current sampling precedes voltage sampling.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, it includes: When data collection starts, a communication link timer is started to periodically send heartbeat packets, including node identifier and survival flag. If no acknowledgment is received, a reconnection request is triggered. Links are managed using carrier sense multiple access (CSMI) or polling mechanisms. Keep the receiver powered on to respond to queries and monitor link quality; Auxiliary information is exchanged via open link multicast, using a round-robin broadcast method; The receiving node sends an acknowledgment and performs a retransmission if the acknowledgment is missing; It uses a clamp-type current transformer for fixation, is equipped with a high-performance processor core and lithium battery power supply, and protects commands and heartbeat packets through key mixing encryption.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the collected data is transmitted to the terminal controller, where the raw data from all nodes is stored. The data structure is then organized by user and phase to construct a complete dataset, including: After the measurement cycle ends, the raw data is packaged and sent to the terminal controller via a wireless or wired link; The system receives data packets through the communication interface, verifies their integrity using a verification algorithm, and sends a retransmission response if the verification fails. Received data is stored in a high-speed buffer, managed using a first-in-first-out queue, and protected by a derivation key with an encryption mechanism.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, it includes: Extract the household number and phase line information based on the node identifier, insert the data packet into the linked list structure of the corresponding household, and attach metadata tags to the head of the linked list; Perform timestamp consistency checks and move abnormal data to the isolation area; Merge the linked list data of each household to form a two-dimensional array structure, concatenate the data blocks in order of household number, and add global header and tail checks; A compression strategy is used to process constant value segments, and the merged dataset is written to flash memory, supporting automatic configuration of linked lists for new users.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the aggregated dataset is forwarded to the control module, the load limit threshold is adjusted based on the dataset, control commands are generated per user and per phase, and load limiting operations are executed, including: The aggregated dataset is transmitted to the control module via the internal bus, where data frames are divided into blocks and verification and retransmission are performed. Analyze the dataset, extract commutation voltage, current and power parameters, calculate load indicators and store them in a digital structure; The load limit threshold is dynamically adjusted according to the preset rule table, and compensation is performed considering phase balance. The adjusted threshold is then recorded in the threshold table. Generate encrypted control instruction packets, including instruction codes and parameters, and manage them through a priority queue; The command is output to the actuator to control the solid-state relay or adjustable resistor module, and the feedback signal is read and resent if it is missing. Update threshold tables and logs to support remote policy distribution and default rollback mechanisms.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a method for separate and phase-specific load limiting control of electricity metering boxes, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention firstly connects the acquisition terminal and sensor nodes within the metering box according to a three-phase layout for each household, and accurately corresponds each household and each phase through node ID, thus improving coverage. Furthermore, it reduces the time error of all nodes to the millisecond level through an internal clock module and broadcast calibration mechanism, fundamentally eliminating data misalignment caused by time asynchrony. Secondly, after the nodes start up, the system maintains an active communication link and exchanges data in real time, achieving communication reliability and data integrity during the measurement process. Subsequently, the raw data from all nodes is organized into a structured dataset by household and phase, improving data processing efficiency while enabling rapid retrieval and analysis. Finally, the system transmits the structured dataset to the control module, dynamically adjusting the load limit threshold according to the real-time load of each household and each phase, and generating refined control commands to limit or disconnect the phase lines, completing a closed-loop process from sampling, analysis, organization to control. This significantly improves the system's measurement coverage, data synchronization accuracy, communication reliability, data processing efficiency, and load control flexibility, thereby solving the problem of traditional methods failing to achieve high-frequency, full-coverage synchronous data acquisition.

[0014] 2. This invention utilizes real-time load data for each household and each phase to implement current limiting or disconnection control for phases under high load conditions, preventing equipment from operating under overload for extended periods in high-temperature, high-pressure environments. This reduces the failure rate caused by equipment aging, cable loss, transformer saturation, or temperature rise. Through continuous data monitoring and processing, it can provide early warnings for users who are consistently approaching their load limits, facilitating timely upgrades or load relocation by power maintenance personnel and preventing sudden equipment shutdowns or electrical accidents. Through real-time communication between nodes and structured data integration, the operating status and connection status of components such as power metering equipment, CT / PT transformers, and communication modules within the distribution box can be monitored, reducing blind spots in maintenance and the cost of manual inspections. Furthermore, it supports dynamic threshold adjustment and precise control strategies for each household and each phase, making it more adaptable to complex operating conditions such as voltage fluctuations, three-phase imbalance, and changes in user electricity consumption behavior compared to traditional static load limiting schemes. This extends equipment lifespan, reduces maintenance downtime, and lowers maintenance costs. Thus, while ensuring measurement coverage, data synchronization, and load control, long-term health management and maintenance optimization of the equipment and network operation inside the distribution box are achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the household-specific and phase-specific load limiting control method for the electricity metering box of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] Example: Figure 1 A method for individual household and phase-specific load limiting control of electricity metering boxes is presented, including: S1: Install a data acquisition terminal in the electricity metering box and connect the data acquisition terminal to each phase line of each household to form a fully covered data acquisition network layout. S2: Start the internal clock synchronization process of the acquisition terminal, use the clock signal source to calibrate all sensor nodes, and eliminate the impact of time offset on data synchronization; S3: Set the acquisition frequency parameters, send acquisition instructions to each sensor node through the terminal controller, and distribute tasks by user and by phase group; S4: Triggers the sensor node to start data acquisition, keeps the communication link between nodes open, and supports real-time data exchange; S5: Transmit the collected data to the terminal controller, store the raw data of all nodes, organize the data structure by user and phase, and build a complete dataset; S6: Forward the aggregated dataset to the control module, adjust the load limit threshold according to the dataset, generate control instructions per user and per phase, and execute the load limiting operation.

[0018] S1: Install data acquisition terminals inside the electricity metering box and connect them to each phase line of each household to form a fully covered data acquisition network. The specific implementation is as follows: After the overall system structure design is completed, the first step is to install data acquisition terminals inside the electricity metering box to achieve unified access and full coverage acquisition of three-phase electricity data from all users. The acquisition terminals have multi-channel interfaces, integrated ARM processors, and high-frequency data processing capabilities. Their operating voltage range is 220VAC±20%, and their protection level is at least IP54 to adapt to the humid and dusty environment inside the metering box. The equipment selection refers to the electricity metering equipment specifications such as GB / T17215.321-2008, and has at least 12 input channels to adapt to the common 6-10 household three-phase power supply systems in residential metering boxes. The power supply module adopts an independent power supply structure, isolated from the main power grid signal circuit to avoid mutual interference and improve operational stability. The terminal is installed in the reserved space inside the metering box. The standard dimensions of a single meter box for one household are approximately 600mm × 400mm × 200mm. Before installation, measure the internal space of the box to ensure that the terminal volume does not exceed 200mm × 150mm × 50mm. The terminal is fixed to a dedicated slot on the rear or side wall of the box using a stainless steel bracket or insulated fixing screws. The location should be at least 10cm away from high-voltage components to prevent electromagnetic interference. During operation, first drill holes at the calibration points, install expansion bolts, and hang the bracket. Use a level to calibrate the bracket or terminal body to ensure it is parallel to the bottom surface of the box, preventing loosening due to vibration or tilting. After fixing, power on and test the terminal equipment, observing its indicator light status. Normal flashing indicates that the equipment is in place and ready to be connected to the line. In the wiring process, each household's three-phase lines (A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase) are connected to the corresponding terminal channels. Single-core copper insulated wires (BV type) with a cross-sectional area of ​​1.5mm² are selected, and the wire length is controlled to not exceed 50cm to reduce signal attenuation. Taking household 1 as an example: approximately 5cm of the outer sheath of the A-phase wire is stripped to expose the copper core, and a crimping terminal is used to connect it to terminal channel 1; phase B is connected to channel 2, and phase C is connected to channel 3. Each connection point is tightened with a torque wrench to a torque of 2Nm, and an insulating tape is wrapped around the joint to prevent short circuits or oxidation. After all household lines are connected, a continuity test is performed one by one using a multimeter to confirm that the continuity between each port and its phase line is normal, with no open circuits or incorrect connections. For example, for household 2, the A-phase is checked to ensure it is correctly connected to channel 4, the B-phase to channel 5, and the C-phase to channel 6. The above connection method ensures that each household's phase line transmits signals independently, avoiding cross-interference between users or between phase lines. Subsequently, a dedicated sensor node is configured for each phase line. The nodes can be networked wirelessly (e.g., using the ZigBee protocol) or wiredly (e.g., via an RS-485 bus), with power consumption controlled below 50mW to meet the low-power environment requirements of the metering box. Each node has a built-in unique identifier for precise matching of a specific user's specific phase line. For example, in the terminal controller software, the node ID for user 1A phase is assigned as H1-A-Checksum; for user 1B phase as H1-B-Checksum; and for user 1C phase as H1-C-Checksum. The nodes are then physically installed... Near the phase line, a clamp-type fixture is attached to the outer insulation layer of the conductor without damaging the original line; the terminal controller initiates a broadcast scan to the node, and the node responds to establish a connection; the wireless node uses frequency hopping technology to select the best channel; the wired node is connected to the terminal through a serial bus topology; each node contains a current transformer and a voltage sampling circuit, directly collects the phase line signal, and binds the sampled data to its registered node ID to ensure that the source of the data is traceable and will not be confused; for example, node H1-A-Checksum is only responsible for the measurement of phase A of household 1 and will not be mistakenly associated with other phases of household 1 or the line of household 2; After node installation and networking are completed, network topology optimization is performed to form a complete data acquisition network covering all users and all phase lines within the metering box. First, a node layout diagram is drawn within the box: nodes are distributed in a grid pattern, with each row corresponding to one user and each column corresponding to one phase, achieving a logically orderly allocation in physical space. Then, the data acquisition terminal runs a topology algorithm (e.g., based on minimum spanning tree logic) to establish network connections: adjacent nodes are prioritized to reduce transmission paths, and a star topology is constructed with the terminal at the center. In scenarios requiring high reliability, a mesh redundant link can be constructed to improve fault tolerance. After connection is completed, connectivity testing is performed: test data packets are sent from the terminal to each node, and the response time is recorded, requiring a delay of no more than 100ms. Simultaneously, all registered node IDs are scanned to confirm no nodes are missing. For example, if a user's 3C phase node is found to be unresponsive, the terminal will automatically prompt and can deploy a backup node for re-registration. This topology scheme has good scalability: when new users or phase lines are added in the future, only the new node needs to be registered in the software and connected to the network, without requiring overall hardware modifications. After the node network is running stably, the internal clock synchronization function of the acquisition terminal is activated to ensure that all network nodes sample synchronously under a unified time reference, thereby meeting the needs of subsequent high-frequency data acquisition and analysis. The clock synchronization mechanism can use NTP (Network Time Protocol) or PTP (Precise Time Protocol) to synchronize with the backend server. After the terminal obtains the standard clock, it sends a time synchronization signal to all nodes. The node log records the sampling timestamp and uploads it to the terminal or cloud server to ensure that the final data can be used for time series analysis, event detection or model training.

[0019] S2: Initiate the internal clock synchronization process of the data acquisition terminal, using a clock signal source to calibrate all sensor nodes and eliminate the impact of time offset on data synchronization. Specifically, this is implemented as follows: After completing the physical layout and network topology construction of the S1 acquisition terminal and sensor nodes, the system initiates the clock synchronization process inside the acquisition terminal to ensure that all sensor nodes are under a unified time reference, eliminating the impact of time offset on subsequent high-frequency power data acquisition, analysis and processing; and this synchronization process includes four steps: reference signal generation, broadcast calibration, node adjustment and confirmation verification. Step 1: The high-precision clock module built into the acquisition terminal serves as the main signal source. The terminal controller sends a 16-bit binary activation command via the serial interface, which includes an 8-bit start code and an 8-bit check bit. Upon receiving the command, the clock module immediately activates its oscillator to output a 32.768kHz square wave pulse, generating a 1Hz tick every 1024 cycles as the basic unit for time synchronization. Simultaneously, the clock module monitors its internal temperature. If the temperature exceeds the range of -10℃ to +50℃, it adjusts to the standard range via a built-in heater or cooling fan to ensure crystal oscillator stability and reduce the impact of temperature drift. It is recommended that the selected module have temperature compensation functionality (such as the DS3231 RTC) to adapt to complex operating conditions such as vibration, electromagnetic interference, and humid environments inside the metering box. Furthermore, based on the requirements for meter clock accuracy in the national standard GB / T17215.321-2008 (or its latest version), such as a daily error ≤ ±0.5s at 23℃, the system design should meet or exceed this level. Step 2: The terminal broadcasts the reference clock signal to all sensor nodes through the node communication network already established in S1. The broadcast adopts a point-to-multipoint mode: wireless methods (such as ZigBee) use CSMA / CA mechanisms to avoid collisions; wired methods (such as RS-485 bus) use a serial frame structure. An example of the broadcast frame structure is as follows: 64 bytes in length, including a 32-bit millisecond-level timestamp based on Unix epoch, a 16-bit node address filter, and the remainder being status flags and CRC-16 checksums. After receiving the broadcast, each node first performs a CRC check to verify data integrity, and then reads the difference between the reference time M and the local counter N. Then, the local 32-bit counter register is adjusted to be aligned with the reference through its microcontroller interrupt service routine, with the target deviation controlled within 5ms; in order to prioritize the synchronization, the priority of this interrupt service routine is set higher than that of daily data acquisition tasks to avoid being interrupted by the sampling logic; Step 3: After node calibration is complete, the node enters standby mode, ready to perform subsequent data acquisition operations based on a unified time reference. Immediately after calibration, the node generates an 8-byte confirmation packet, including the calibrated timestamp, node ID, and status flag (e.g., 0x01 indicates success), and transmits it back to the terminal via the uplink. The terminal aggregates all node reports and updates its internal node status table, marking all successfully synchronized nodes as synchronized ready. After synchronization, the node shuts down its ADC sampling circuit and wireless transmitter, retaining only low-power listening mode to receive subsequent data acquisition commands. Simultaneously, the node sets an internal timer to wake up once every 300 seconds based on the unified time reference, preparing to respond to the next data acquisition command, thus ensuring that the data acquisition start point is aligned with subsequent synchronization operations. Step 4: The terminal controller performs synchronization status verification. Verification begins by sending a query packet to a specific group of nodes. This packet contains a list of target node IDs and a query type code. Each node responds with a feedback packet containing its current local timestamp and its self-reported deviation value. The terminal compares the timestamp reported by each node with the reference time. If a node's deviation exceeds 2ms, a broadcast calibration signal is resent to that node. The above calibration sub-process is repeated only for the problematic node to save bandwidth. For example, in a 20-node system, a maximum of two retries can be set. If the synchronization is still not completed within the 2ms deviation range, the node's status is set to isolated, and it is recommended to relay its basic functions through a neighboring node. A synchronization report is generated and stored in CSV format, recording fields such as node ID, timestamp (ms), and deviation (ms) for future auditing, fault tracing, and system health monitoring. Furthermore, to enhance the system's reliability in field applications, the broadcast power of the synchronization signal is controlled within the range of -80dBm to -20dBm to reduce electromagnetic interference to other equipment inside the metering box; the physical distance between nodes is at least 5cm to prevent magnetic field interference; the node power supply uses an LDO regulator to output 3V to ensure stability in low-power standby mode; each channel is equipped with an opto-isolation module with an isolation withstand voltage of not less than 1500VAC to prevent coupling interference of the synchronization signal from high-voltage environments; in addition, a hot-swappable mechanism for new nodes has been reserved: the terminal can detect new nodes, trigger automatic registration and calibration without interrupting the operation of the existing network; this improves the system's ability to control time offset and provides a reliable time reference for subsequent high-frequency, distributed data acquisition and analysis.

[0020] S3: Set the acquisition frequency parameters, send acquisition commands to each sensor node through the terminal controller, and distribute tasks by user and phase group. The specific implementation is as follows: First, input the acquisition frequency parameter in the configuration interface of the acquisition terminal controller, set the acquisition period to 300 seconds (i.e., 5 minutes), and save this value as the system default value. The interface can be a touch screen or an embedded Linux system GUI connected via a serial port, including a parameter input box, a unit drop-down menu (seconds / minutes), and a confirmation button. When inputting, the operator enters 300 via the keyboard, and the system automatically converts it to 5 minutes for display, and verifies whether the input range is between 60 seconds and 3600 seconds to prevent invalid settings. The saving operation is performed by writing to the terminal's non-volatile memory (e.g., an EEPROM register starting address 0x1000, a 16-byte block, internally containing...). The system implements the configuration (including interval value, checksum, and version number). After saving, the system immediately reloads the configuration, making the new collection cycle effective from the next cycle. Simultaneously, it generates a log record, including fields such as the timestamp, operator ID, old value, and new value, for auditing and tracing. This setting is directly based on the unified clock reference provided by S2, as this reference can serve as the countdown start point, thus avoiding cumulative drift caused by differences in node clocks. At the same time, the setting process references the parameter setting frame structure and response mechanism involved in the national standard DL / T645-2007 "Communication Protocol for Multifunctional Energy Meters," thereby ensuring compatibility and traceability between the collection device and the metering device at the communication and control layers. Next, the terminal controller generates a task grouping list based on the directory of synchronized nodes. This directory originates from the synchronization report of S2 and contains information such as node ID, corresponding household number, phase, and location status. The controller scans this directory, prioritizing households by ascending household number, and groups the A, B, and C phase nodes of each household into the same group. For example, household 1's nodes H1-A, H1-B, and H1-C are grouped into group 1, household 2's nodes H2-A, H2-B, and H2-C are grouped into group 2, and so on, until all users are covered. The grouping logic also considers load balancing; if the system serves 10 households, 10 groups can be generated, each group corresponding to three phase nodes. The group list uses a linked list. The structure is stored in a RAM buffer. Each group entry includes a group ID, an array of node IDs, and a priority flag (e.g., users with large historical power consumption fluctuations are set to high priority). For example, the node array for group 1 is [H1-A, H1-B, H1-C], and the priority flag is high. The RAM buffer size is dynamically allocated according to the number of nodes; for example, it occupies approximately 512KB when supporting a maximum of 100 groups. The group generation process utilizes S1's network topology mapping to ensure consistency between physical wiring and logical task mapping, thereby avoiding task distribution confusion caused by group mismatch. This structure provides a structured basis for instruction distribution, avoiding resource waste. Then, the controller packages the acquisition instructions for each group. The instruction frame structure adopts a custom format, such as a start flag of 0x7E, a 2-byte length field, a content area, and an end checksum (CRC-32). The frame content includes the start time, acquisition parameter type, and group information. The start time is based on a unified time base, such as the current UNIX millisecond timestamp plus a 300-second offset, as the execution point of the acquisition instruction. The acquisition parameter types are voltage (type code 0x01), current (0x02), and power (0x03), each occupying 1 byte. The controller supports selective acquisition to save bandwidth. The group information is embedded in the content area, containing a list of group IDs and node IDs. If the node numbers are consecutive, they can be compressed into a bitmap format. The entire instruction packet is controlled within 128 bytes to ensure low latency in a multi-node environment. When packaging, the controller prioritizes high-priority groups to optimize the response order. For example, if a user's historical load fluctuates frequently, their instruction group can be sent in advance. The packaging process directly inherits the group list to ensure that the task content matches the network layout and prepares an accurate instruction load for the next synchronous transmission. Finally, the controller simultaneously sends the acquisition command to all nodes via broadcast or multicast to ensure that each node receives and executes the task at the same reference point, avoiding data acquisition time misalignment due to latency differences. The sending method is selected according to the communication type: wireless networks use UDP multicast addresses such as 239.0.0.1, and wired networks use RS-485 bus broadcast commands. Before sending, the controller checks the node activity status and, referring to the list of active nodes extracted from the S2 synchronization report, only sends commands to active nodes. The command sending trigger point is set to the 0th millisecond tick every 300 seconds for precise alignment with the reference time. The broadcast process can be executed in batches to alleviate network congestion. In case of network congestion, for example, groups 1-5 are sent first, and groups 6-10 are sent 50ms later; multicast mode supports intra-group filtering, for example, group 1 is only sent to nodes H1-A / B / C, reducing the load on irrelevant nodes through address filtering; after sending, the controller listens for node ACK confirmation, and each node replies with an ACK packet within 100ms after receiving. If the ACK is missing, the packet is retransmitted, and the number of retransmissions can be set to a maximum of 3 times until the confirmation rate is ≥95%; this process ensures that the instructions arrive synchronously, and the controller monitoring delay must not exceed ±20ms; thus, relying on the unified time base of S2 and the node network stability of S1, a closed-loop mechanism of task distribution - response confirmation - data collection start point alignment is formed; To enhance system reliability and adaptability, the configuration interface supports remote web access, connecting to the management PC via an Ethernet port, with automatic unit conversion for input values. Non-volatile storage employs a dual-backup mechanism, with simultaneous writing to EEPROM and flash memory images to prevent single-point-of-failure failures. New nodes automatically trigger group updates: when a terminal detects a new or lost node, the group list is automatically adjusted without requiring a system restart. The frame format reserves extended fields (e.g., type code 0x04 for temperature monitoring) to support future needs. Broadcast power is controlled within the range of -10dBm to 0dBm to avoid electromagnetic interference to other equipment within the metering box. The physical installation spacing between nodes is at least 5cm to reduce magnetic coupling effects. The controller uses a Cortex-M4 core hardware platform, integrating this logic. Test examples include: building a 20-node model in the laboratory, inputting a 300-second interval, generating groups, packaging and sending them, and measuring the node reception response time deviation using an oscilloscope (≤10ms). Security measures include encrypting command packets using an XOR key combined with the node ID to prevent command forgery.

[0021] S4: Trigger the sensor nodes to start data acquisition, maintain the communication links between nodes in an open state, and support real-time data exchange. Specifically, the implementation is as follows: After completing the sampling frequency parameter setting and node task distribution described in S3, under a unified time reference and task instructions, each sensor node is triggered to start collecting voltage, current and power parameters of its corresponding user and phase line, while maintaining the communication link between nodes in an open state to support real-time data exchange and coordination between nodes, thereby improving the overall data synchronization and accuracy. First, the controller sends a command to each node containing the acquisition start time, acquisition type code, and grouping information. Upon receiving the command, each node parses the 32-bit timestamp and type code in the command frame using its communication module and compares them with its local clock. When the timestamp matches the unified time reference, the node immediately triggers its internal sampling circuit to switch from standby mode to sampling mode. The switching process includes: transitioning from a low-power mode (e.g., 1.8 V power supply) to a full-load sampling mode (3.3 V power supply). The power supply is controlled by an LDO regulator to ensure the input current does not exceed 100 mA, balancing node power supply capacity and stability. This switching response time is controlled within 50 ms, meeting the monitoring equipment response requirements specified in GB / T19862-2005 "General Requirements for Power Quality Monitoring Equipment". The sampling circuit design includes a multiplexer, a 16-bit A / D converter, a low-pass filter, and interfaces for voltage transformers (PTs) and current transformers (CTs). The voltage transformer ratio is set to, for example, 220:5, with an error controlled within 0.2%, conforming to GB / T17215.321-2008 "Accuracy of Active Energy Measurement in AC Energy Meters - Part 21". The current transformer ratio is set to 50:5A, with an error limit of 0.5%. Within each 50 Hz cycle, the nodes are at 3200... The sampling rate is Hz, i.e., 64 points per cycle, to capture transient fluctuations. After the voltage is converted from high voltage to low voltage by the PT, it is first filtered by a low-pass filter to remove high-frequency noise before being input to the A / D converter. The current is processed by the CT and amplifier (gain 10×) before being input to the A / D converter. The node processor synchronously buffers these sampled data (buffer size 1024 samples), and then calculates the active power based on the instantaneous product of voltage and current. The reactive power is obtained by multiplying the current signal by 90° and averaging the results. The entire calculation process is executed serially in the processor core, with a cycle controlled within 10 ms. The measurement is initiated 100 ms before current sampling, followed by voltage sampling, to reduce the processor load. This initiation logic is directly based on the node ID and type code specified in the previous task distribution step to avoid triggering irrelevant measurement tasks. Throughout the entire acquisition cycle (e.g., every 5 minutes), the sensor node maintains its communication link active. The link activity mechanism includes: the node automatically starts a link timer when measurement begins, sending a 4-byte heartbeat packet every 200 ms, containing the node ID and a survival flag of 0xFF; if no heartbeat confirmation is received from a neighboring node or controller loop for 500 consecutive ms, the node triggers a reconnection request; wireless methods (e.g., ZigBee) use CSMA / CA mechanisms to avoid collisions; wired methods (e.g., RS-485) employ a polling mechanism for management; during non-measurement phases, the node keeps its receiver on, reducing power consumption to approximately 50 µA, while still being able to respond to external queries instantly. This mechanism not only maintains network connectivity but also monitors node status, link quality (e.g., switching channels when RSSI < –80 dBm), and power supply health through heartbeat data; the continuous openness of the communication link provides physical assurance for measurement data exchange and real-time monitoring. Furthermore, nodes exchange auxiliary information via open links to enhance consistency within the group. For example, after each node completes its initial measurement, it generates a 16-byte verification packet containing the average voltage, peak current, temporary active power, and status code (0x00 for normal and 0x01 for overload warning). The A-phase node multicasts this verification packet to its B and C-phase nodes within the same group. The receiving node sends an ACK confirmation within 100 ms. If a connection is lost, the packet is retransmitted a maximum of two times. The exchange within the group uses a polling broadcast method, rotating the broadcasting nodes to prevent conflicts. With the help of auxiliary information, if the B-phase node reports an anomaly, such as current overload, the A-phase node can automatically extend its sampling duration by 10%. Through this real-time coordination mechanism, the synchronization of the three data items is improved, surpassing traditional schemes where each node collects data independently and lacks a coordination mechanism. Furthermore, during implementation, the current transformer clamping diameter should be 20 mm and the torque controlled at 1 Nm during node installation to ensure non-intrusive installation and physical stability; the processor should be selected with a Cortex-M4 core, a 72 MHz clock, and 64 KB SRAM, which is sufficient to support sampling, buffering, calculation, and communication tasks; the node battery should be a 3.7 V / 1000 mAh lithium battery, capable of continuous operation for more than 1000 acquisition cycles under normal conditions; the broadcast power should be controlled within the range of -10 dBm to 0 dBm to reduce electromagnetic interference to other equipment in the metering box; the physical installation distance between nodes should be at least 5 cm to avoid magnetic coupling; the command packet and heartbeat packet should be encrypted using a hybrid encryption of XOR key and node ID, with the error rate controlled at ≤0.01%; the maximum delay from test acquisition start to data exchange completion should be less than 200 ms to improve the consistency and reliability of multi-household three-phase system acquisition.

[0022] S5: The collected data is transmitted to the terminal controller, storing the raw data from all nodes. The data structure is organized by user and phase to construct a complete dataset. The specific implementation is as follows: After the S4 sensor nodes complete data acquisition and maintain communication links and exchange auxiliary information collaboratively, the system enters the data uploading and processing phase. Specifically, each node will complete the measurement within a unified time base and a predetermined sampling period, and send the raw measurement data to the acquisition terminal controller through the aforementioned active links. The acquisition terminal controller receives the raw data from all nodes, organizes and stores it according to the user number and phase line order, and finally merges it to form a structured dataset, providing a unified, traceable and complete data foundation for subsequent analysis, model input and application. First, each node immediately packages and sends its measurement values ​​after the end of its measurement cycle. After internally measuring voltage, current, and power, each node organizes the data packets into a fixed format via its communication module. This data packet includes a node ID (8-byte UTF-8 encoded, e.g., H1-A), a timestamp (8-byte 64-bit integer, unit: milliseconds, from a unified time base), a sequence of measurement values ​​(e.g., 32-byte voltage sample sequence, 32-byte current sample sequence, 32-byte power provisional value), and a checksum (16 bytes, using the CRC-16 algorithm for verification). Each measurement value is represented as a 32-bit floating-point number, with a voltage range of 0-250V and an accuracy of 0.1V; a current range of 0-60A and an accuracy of 0.01A; and a power range of 0-13,200W. The accuracy is 1W; transmission is carried out via wireless or wired links: wireless nodes use the LoRa protocol, FSK modulation, data rate of 250bps, and transmit power of 10dBm; wired nodes use RS-485 bus, 19200bps, without parity check; nodes start transmitting within 50ms after measurement, and the priority is executed according to the priority set in the task group (e.g., high-load user nodes transmit first); to ensure timeliness, when the link is congested, the node will buffer and try to retransmit after 200ms, with a maximum of three retries; this data upload mechanism refers to the frame structure and exchange mechanism specified in DL / T698.45-2017 "Electric Energy Information Acquisition and Management System Part 4-5: Communication Protocol - Object-Oriented Data Exchange Protocol"; Secondly, the terminal controller receives uploaded data packets from each node and stores them in its internal high-speed buffer. The controller's receiving module supports multiple communication interfaces, such as UART for wired nodes and SPI for wireless modules. The receiving buffer is designed to be 512KB, capable of holding more than one acquisition cycle (e.g., 20 nodes × 128 bytes ≈ 2.5KB). During the receiving process, data packets are directly transferred to memory via a hardware DMA channel, reducing CPU load. After receiving, each packet is first checked using CRC-16. If the check fails, the controller immediately sends a NAK response, requesting the node to retransmit. Retransmission exceeds... If the upload fails after 300ms, the node ID is recorded as "upload failed" and a backup node is scheduled by the system or manual intervention is required. Received data is temporarily stored in a FIFO queue, with the queue head pointer pointing to the earliest packet and the queue tail pointer used for enqueuing new packets. The queue is stored in the controller's SRAM area (e.g., the first 32KB is the main queue, and the last 32KB is for overflow backup). If the queue occupancy rate exceeds 80%, the system triggers compression logic: auxiliary data (non-critical measurements) are merged into an average value block, but the measurements are retained as they were. This storage mechanism ensures that the original time-series data is preserved intact, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent processing. Then, the controller categorizes and organizes the data in the buffer queue according to the household number-phase line order. The controller scans each packet starting from the head of the queue, extracting the household number (e.g., H1) and phase line identifier (e.g., A=0x01, B=0x02, C=0x03) based on the node ID in the packet, and then inserts the packet into the corresponding household's sub-buffer linked list. Each household is allocated a linked list structure, with the linked list head containing the household number, phase sequence flag, and linked list pointer. The linked list nodes store the content of a single data packet. Taking household 1 as an example, its linked list will sequentially insert data packets from nodes H1-A, H1-B, and H1-C. Each household's linked list has a preset capacity of 1KB, and when it exceeds the limit, it will overwrite the oldest data to ensure that the latest results are cached. Consistency checks are also performed during the classification process: the timestamps of the three-phase data of the same household are compared. If the difference between the three-phase timestamps exceeds 10ms, the three-phase data is marked as abnormal and moved to the isolation area for manual review. After classification, the controller attaches metadata tags (household number, phase sequence, last update time, and abnormal flag) to the head of each household's linked list for quick retrieval. Finally, the controller merges the linked list data of all households to form a complete dataset. The merging process starts by reading all packets in the three-phase linked list of the first household, extracting voltage, current, and power samples to construct a two-dimensional array structure. Then, the data blocks of each household are concatenated in order of household number. The header of each data block contains information such as household number, total sample count, and average power. During the merging process, a global header is also generated, including the total number of households, the sampling period start timestamp, and the dataset version number. The tail is appended with a global checksum (SUM check) to verify the correctness of the write. The dataset is roughly controlled within 10KB, and a compression strategy is used for continuous constant measurement value segments. For example, if the voltage is continuously unchanged, it can be recorded in the form of value + duration to reduce storage. The merged dataset is written to the controller's flash memory (such as using SPI flash memory chips, with a capacity of 16MB and an erase / write life of 100,000 times), supporting long-term storage and subsequent transmission to the background. This sorting mechanism ensures that the data of each household, each phase, and each sampling period is included, sortable, and searchable, thereby achieving a unified, complete, and traceable data structure. Furthermore, to ensure reliability and scalability, data packets are encrypted using AES-128, with the key derived from the node ID; the receiving interface has 8kV ESD protection; the communication link error rate is controlled within 0.1%, and data loss is reduced through a retransmission mechanism; the linked list structure uses a doubly linked list to achieve fast insertion and removal; the classification and merging process supports automatic configuration for new users without downtime; flash memory writing uses a block erase + page write format with a sector size of 4KB; the system can still operate stably under extreme conditions of vibration, temperature, and humidity (-20℃ to +60℃, 95%RH); testing and verification included simulating 1000 cycles of upload, save, and organize processes on a 20-node experimental platform, with an average upload latency of <150ms and a queue overflow probability of <0.05%; these measures further improve the maintainability and reliability of the system.

[0023] S6: Forward the aggregated dataset to the control module, adjust the load limit threshold based on the dataset, generate control commands per user and per phase, and execute the load limiting operation. The specific implementation is as follows: After the S5 dataset is built and stored, the system enters the load limiting control stage. The terminal controller forwards the aggregated dataset to the control module, dynamically adjusts the load limiting threshold based on the real-time load information in the dataset, generates control commands for each user and phase, and executes the corresponding load limiting operations to achieve adaptive management of power distribution and ensure the real-time performance and reliability of load limiting control. During the data forwarding phase, the terminal controller transmits the complete dataset from the previous cycle to the control module via the internal bus or communication interface. The dataset typically resides in a fixed area of ​​flash memory, such as starting at address 0x40000000, and is approximately 8KB in size, containing a file header, block data, and a checksum field. To ensure electrical isolation and data integrity during transmission, the controller design complies with the relevant requirements of DL / T1745-2017 "Technical Conditions for Low-Voltage Energy Metering Boxes." This standard stipulates that the internal communication bus must have a data transmission rate of at least 1Mbps and an isolation withstand voltage of no less than 1500V to prevent high-voltage lines from interfering with low-voltage signals. During actual transmission, the controller first verifies the total checksum of the dataset to confirm... After verification, the data is divided into blocks, with each block consisting of 512 bytes. The frame header contains a sequence number and length field to support error detection and retransmission mechanisms. Transmission is implemented using either I2C or SPI protocols. In I2C mode, the data rate is 400kHz, and the SCL and SDA pins are equipped with 4.7kΩ pull-up resistors. In SPI mode, a master-slave structure is used, with clock polarity CPOL=0, phase CPHA=0, and a data width of 8 bits. The system reads data directly from flash memory and writes it to the receive buffer of the control module through the DMA channel, with a transmission rate of up to 2MB / s. The entire dataset is typically forwarded within 20 milliseconds. If the interface is occupied or communication is interrupted, the controller waits for 100 milliseconds and automatically retryes, up to five times, to ensure reliable data delivery. Upon successfully receiving data, the control module immediately performs a parsing operation. Its internal receive buffer is designed as a 16KB ring structure to prevent overflow caused by high-speed data inflow. The parsing process begins by reading the file header, extracting the total number of households, timestamp, and data version number, and verifying that the deviation from the module's local clock does not exceed 50 milliseconds. If the deviation exceeds this limit, the data is deemed invalid and a retransmission is requested. Subsequently, the module reads the corresponding voltage, current, and power data segments for each household and each phase, using a fixed-length parsing structure. Each segment is 128 bytes long and includes parameters such as average value, peak value, and reactive power. The raw values ​​are converted to engineering units; for example, voltage is multiplied by 0.1 to obtain volts, current by 0.01 to obtain amperes, and power is converted to... The module calculates the load percentage for each household phase by comparing the current value with the system's nominal current (e.g., 20A for a single phase) to determine the load rate, such as 15A corresponding to 75% load. Simultaneously, it calculates apparent power based on power data to assess power factor and load imbalance. The parsed results are stored in a two-dimensional array within the module, with each element being a 32-bit floating-point value containing the current load percentage and the original current value. If an abnormal data segment length or missing field is detected, the module marks the item as invalid and fills it with a default value to maintain data integrity. It also records the source node of the anomaly in the system log for subsequent diagnosis. The parsing process has an execution cycle of less than 30 milliseconds, ensuring that all data preparation is completed within the real-time control cycle. After data parsing is complete, the module enters the threshold adjustment stage. Threshold adjustment is based on a preset rule table in the EEPROM, stored in a 1KB space starting at address 0x0000. This rule table defines the current and power load limit baseline values ​​and the dynamic adjustment step size. For example, the default single-phase current limit is 30A, and the power limit is 6600W. For every 5A the current exceeds the baseline, the upper limit is reduced by 2A. When the parsed load level of a phase exceeds the baseline, the module automatically calculates a new load limit threshold, which takes effect within a single sampling period. For example, with a phase A current of 25A, exceeding the 20A baseline by 5A, the threshold is reduced from 30A to 26A. If the power exceeds 5000W simultaneously, it is further reduced to 90% of the original threshold. The adjustment priority is as follows: The system prioritizes current over power overload checks to ensure that current safety is the core constraint. During dynamic adjustments, the module also monitors phase-to-phase and inter-household balance. For example, if phase A of a household is overloaded while phase A of an adjacent household is below 50% load, the module allows for slight compensation to the overloaded household, increasing the threshold by 1A to maintain overall balance, but the compensation cannot exceed the initial upper limit. All adjustment results are recorded in a new threshold table and written to a temporary partition in the EEPROM (starting from address 0x0400) for use in the next cycle. Each adjustment generates a change log, including household number, phase sequence, original threshold, new threshold, and triggering reason, for system auditing. If a corrupted threshold table or storage failure is detected, the system reverts to the default rules to prevent abnormal system fluctuations. After threshold adjustment, the control module generates control commands based on the new threshold table and uses actuators to perform load limiting or disconnection operations on the corresponding phase lines. Command generation uses a standardized 32-byte data packet format, including a 4-byte account number, a 1-byte phase sequence, a 1-byte command code, a 16-byte parameter area, and a 10-byte checksum area. The command code is defined as 0x01 for current limiting, 0x02 for disconnection, and 0x03 for alarm. The parameter area indicates the current limiting ratio or alarm level; for example, when the current limiting ratio is 80%, the parameter is a floating-point number of 0.8. The control module iterates through each phase, and when it detects that the current value exceeds the new threshold, it immediately generates a current limiting command; if it exceeds 1.2 times the threshold, it generates a disconnection command. All command packets are queued according to priority through the queue management module, with overload... Serious user actions are prioritized for execution, with a queue depth supporting 20 instructions. Instruction packets are encrypted using the HMAC-SHA1 algorithm with a 32-byte key derived from the node ID to prevent forgery or interference. Execution signals are output via GPIO ports to solid-state relays (SSRs) or adjustable resistor modules. The relays have a rated current of 50A, a control voltage of 5V, and a response time of less than 10 milliseconds. The current-limiting module controls the resistance value to vary within the range of 0 to 100Ω via a PWM signal, with a resolution of 0.1Ω and a corresponding PWM frequency of 1kHz. After execution, the module reads the feedback input to confirm the action status. If no feedback closure signal is detected, the instruction is resent after 100 milliseconds, up to three times. If it still fails, it enters protection mode, limiting the current to 80% for that user and recording the fault log. After executing the control operation, the module updates the system status and prepares to enter the next sampling cycle. The status update includes refreshing the threshold table, archiving the execution log, and statistically analyzing the load response of this cycle to form a control performance evaluation. All logs are written to the SD card in CSV format, with approximately 1KB of content per cycle. Fields include timestamp, account number, phase sequence, command type, execution result, and current deviation value. At the end of each cycle, the system automatically resets the temporary adjustment and reloads the default threshold to prevent long-term deviation from the baseline. The module is also designed to support remote control expansion. Commands can be uploaded to the cloud management platform via a communication modem to achieve centralized distribution of load limiting policies. When the local threshold table fails or communication is abnormal, the system automatically reverts to the default current limit of 30A and power limit of 6600W to maintain basic safe operation. To ensure system safety and reliability, the module interface design strictly adheres to national and industry standards; the I2C address allocation is 0x40 for the controller and 0x41 for the module to avoid address conflicts; the chip select signal CS of the SPI interface is active low; the actuator drive current is 20mA, and the feedback signal is stably sampled through a 10kΩ pull-up resistor and a 0.1μF filter capacitor; the overall electrical isolation voltage reaches 2000V, meeting the requirements of GB7251 "Low-voltage switchgear assemblies" standard; it has passed multiple rounds of environmental testing and verification, operating stably under conditions of 70℃ and high humidity; overcurrent protection uses a 5A fuse, and the SSR device has a lifespan of over 1 million cycles; the control logic has been continuously verified for 500 cycles, with an average response time of less than 50 milliseconds and a stability of over 99%.

[0024] In this embodiment, the solution first involves installing a data acquisition terminal inside the electricity metering box and connecting it to each phase line of each household. Independent sensor nodes cover all phase lines, with each node corresponding to a specific phase line of a particular household, forming a fully covered data acquisition network. This layout ensures the physical basis for data acquisition and provides reliable node support for subsequent synchronization. Next, the internal clock synchronization process of the acquisition terminal is initiated, using a clock signal source to calibrate all sensor nodes, ensuring each node is ready for acquisition operations under a unified time reference. This eliminates the impact of time offset on data synchronization, thus establishing time consistency for high-frequency acquisition. Then, the acquisition frequency parameter is set, fixing the interval at 5 minutes. Acquisition commands are sent to each sensor node through the terminal controller, distributing tasks by household and phase group, ensuring commands arrive at all nodes simultaneously. This setup utilizes a synchronization reference to ensure command consistency. The system ensures the accuracy and efficiency of data acquisition. Subsequently, sensor nodes are triggered to begin data acquisition. Each node collects voltage, current, and power parameters of the corresponding household's phase line. During acquisition, the communication link between nodes remains open, supporting real-time data exchange. This process coordinates acquisition through active links, ensuring initial data integrity and readiness for transmission. Further, the acquired data is transmitted to the terminal controller, where an internal buffer stores the raw data from all nodes. The data structure is organized by household and phase to construct a complete dataset. This construction connects acquisition and exchange and provides structured input for threshold adjustment. Finally, the aggregated dataset is forwarded to the control module. Based on the dataset, the load limit threshold is adjusted, and control commands are generated by household and phase to execute load limiting operations. This final step utilizes the dataset to achieve dynamic response, forming closed-loop control and improving the overall system's real-time performance and refined management capabilities.

[0025] It should be noted that this invention can be deployed on the device itself to realize embedded applications, or it can run on a PC or other terminal with a user interface, thereby meeting various hardware environments and usage requirements.

[0026] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wireless or wired transmission; wired transmission methods include optical fiber, twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc.; wireless transmission includes infrared, microwave, etc. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center containing one or more sets of available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium. A semiconductor medium can be a solid-state drive.

[0027] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and modules described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0028] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or modules may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0029] The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0030] In addition, the functional modules in the embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0031] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0032] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0033] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for separate phase-based load limiting control of electricity metering boxes, characterized in that, include: S1: Install a data acquisition terminal in the electricity metering box and connect the data acquisition terminal to each phase line of each household to form a fully covered data acquisition network layout. S2: Start the internal clock synchronization process of the acquisition terminal, use the clock signal source to calibrate all sensor nodes, and eliminate the impact of time offset on data synchronization; S3: Set the acquisition frequency parameters, send acquisition instructions to each sensor node through the terminal controller, and distribute tasks by user and by phase group; S4: Triggers the sensor node to start data acquisition, keeps the communication link between nodes open, and supports real-time data exchange; S5: Transmit the collected data to the terminal controller, store the raw data of all nodes, organize the data structure by user and phase, and build a complete dataset; S6: Forward the aggregated dataset to the control module, adjust the load limit threshold according to the dataset, generate control instructions per user and per phase, and execute the load limiting operation.

2. The method for separate phase and household load limiting control of electricity metering boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that, Install data acquisition terminals inside the electricity metering box, and connect the terminals to each phase line of each household to form a fully covered data acquisition network layout, including: A data acquisition terminal is installed inside the electricity metering box, and the signal of each phase line of each user is connected through a multi-channel interface. The terminal is fixed to the wall of the enclosure using an insulating bracket, away from high-voltage components; Insulated wires are used to connect each household's A, B, and C phases to the corresponding terminal channels, and the terminals are fastened and insulated. Each phase line is equipped with a dedicated sensor node, with a built-in unique identification code, and is connected to the terminal via wireless or wired protocols; Draw a node layout diagram and establish a star or mesh connection structure; The terminal clock synchronization mechanism is activated, and a time synchronization signal is sent to the node.

3. The method for separate phase and household load limiting control of electricity metering boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that, Initiate the internal clock synchronization process of the acquisition terminal, calibrate all sensor nodes using a clock signal source, and eliminate the impact of time offset on data synchronization, including: A built-in high-precision clock module generates a reference signal and broadcasts it to all sensor nodes; After receiving the signal, the node adjusts its local counter to align with the reference time. The node generates a confirmation report packet and sends it back to the terminal, which then summarizes and updates the node status table. The terminal sends a query packet to the node group to verify the synchronization status. If the deviation exceeds the threshold, the calibration is repeated accordingly. The node enters a low-power listening mode and sets a timer to periodically wake up in response to acquisition commands; Configure opto-isolation modules to isolate signal interference and reserve an automatic registration mechanism for new nodes.

4. The method for separate phase-based load limiting control of electricity metering boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that, Set the acquisition frequency parameters, send acquisition commands to each sensor node through the terminal controller, and distribute tasks by user and phase group, including: Set the acquisition frequency parameters in the acquisition terminal controller configuration interface and save them to non-volatile memory; A task grouping list is generated based on the synchronization node directory, and each phase node is grouped by user number while considering load balancing. Pack the collection instructions for each group; Distribute instructions to nodes via broadcast or multicast, listen for confirmation feedback, and resend instructions if any are missing. Configure a remote access interface, support dual backup storage mechanism, automatic grouping and updating of newly added nodes, and reserve extended fields for instruction frames.

5. The method for separate phase-based load limiting control of electricity metering boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that, Trigger sensor nodes to begin data acquisition, maintain open communication links between nodes, and support real-time data exchange, including: Send acquisition instructions to each sensor node, including start time, acquisition type code, and grouping information; The node parses the timestamp and type code in the instruction frame and compares them with the local clock. During matching, the sampling circuit is triggered to switch from standby mode to sampling mode, and the power supply conversion is controlled by the voltage regulator; The sampling circuit is equipped with a multiplexer, an analog-to-digital converter, a low-pass filter, and interfaces for voltage and current transformers; High-frequency sampling is performed during the AC cycle, and the signal is filtered, amplified, and then input into the converter to buffer the sampled data; Active power is calculated based on instantaneous voltage and current values, and reactive power is calculated through phase shifting. The measurement sequence is set so that current sampling precedes voltage sampling.

6. The method for separate household and phase load limiting control of electricity metering boxes according to claim 5, characterized in that, include: When data collection starts, a communication link timer is started to periodically send heartbeat packets, including node identifier and survival flag. If no acknowledgment is received, a reconnection request is triggered. Links are managed using carrier sense multiple access (CSMI) or polling mechanisms. Keep the receiver powered on to respond to queries and monitor link quality; Auxiliary information is exchanged via open link multicast, using a round-robin broadcast method; The receiving node sends an acknowledgment and performs a retransmission if the acknowledgment is missing; It uses a clamp-type current transformer for fixation, is equipped with a high-performance processor core and lithium battery power supply, and protects commands and heartbeat packets through key mixing encryption.

7. The method for separate phase-based load limiting control of electricity metering boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collected data is transmitted to the terminal controller, where the raw data from all nodes is stored. The data structure is organized by user and phase to construct a complete dataset, including: After the measurement cycle ends, the raw data is packaged and sent to the terminal controller via a wireless or wired link; The system receives data packets through the communication interface, verifies their integrity using a verification algorithm, and sends a retransmission response if the verification fails. Received data is stored in a high-speed buffer, managed using a first-in-first-out queue, and protected by a derivation key with an encryption mechanism.

8. The method for separate phase-based load limiting control of electricity metering boxes according to claim 7, characterized in that, include: Extract the household number and phase line information based on the node identifier, insert the data packet into the linked list structure of the corresponding household, and attach metadata tags to the head of the linked list; Perform timestamp consistency checks and move abnormal data to the isolation area; Merge the linked list data of each household to form a two-dimensional array structure, concatenate the data blocks in order of household number, and add global header and tail checks; A compression strategy is used to process constant value segments, and the merged dataset is written to flash memory, supporting automatic configuration of linked lists for new users.

9. The method for separate phase and household load limiting control of electricity metering boxes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aggregated dataset is forwarded to the control module, which adjusts the load limit threshold based on the dataset, generates control commands per user and per phase, and executes load limiting operations, including: The aggregated dataset is transmitted to the control module via the internal bus, where data frames are divided into blocks and verification and retransmission are performed. Analyze the dataset, extract commutation voltage, current and power parameters, calculate load indicators and store them in a digital structure; The load limit threshold is dynamically adjusted according to the preset rule table, and compensation is performed considering phase balance. The adjusted threshold is then recorded in the threshold table. Generate encrypted control instruction packets, including instruction codes and parameters, and manage them through a priority queue; The command is output to the actuator to control the solid-state relay or adjustable resistor module, and the feedback signal is read and resent if it is missing. Update threshold tables and logs to support remote policy distribution and default rollback mechanisms.

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