Transmit-receive antenna channel measurement method, system, device and medium

Abstract

The invention provides a receiving and transmitting antenna channel measurement method, system and device and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: setting a conductor and a receiving and transmitting antenna to be in non-contact connection, and fixing the conductor and the antenna through an adjustable device; the antenna spacing is fixed, the conductor spacing is adjusted through the adjustable device, the receiving device is moved to different test positions, and test data under various working conditions are recorded and obtained; based on test data, in combination with signal transmission characteristics constrained by a free space and a conductor interface, a multi-conductor path loss model is constructed by adopting ridge regression and a least square method, and fluctuation characteristics in a signal transmission process are obtained through the multi-conductor path loss model. Through non-contact configuration of multiple conductors and the receiving and transmitting antenna, multi-working-condition data acquisition and construction of the multi-conductor path loss model, the high-frequency-band signal transmission path loss is effectively reduced, the channel characteristic prediction precision is improved, and the method is adaptive to multiple industrial scenes and has no significant system deviation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless channel technology, and in particular to a method, system, device, and medium for measuring transceiver antenna channels. Background Technology

[0002] As the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) deeply penetrates into fields such as smart manufacturing, flexible production lines, and smart warehousing, high-frequency wireless communication, with its ample bandwidth and high transmission rate, has become a core technology supporting device interconnection and data interaction. Simultaneously, the demand for next-generation wireless communication to cover industrial scenarios continues to increase. It requires low-loss, highly stable signal transmission in industrial spaces with dense metal obstacles and complex electromagnetic environments. Since wireless channels are the foundation of communication system design, the accurate measurement and modeling of their propagation characteristics directly determines the reliability and efficiency of IIoT communication links, becoming a key supporting direction for the implementation of high-frequency communication technology in the industrial field.

[0003] However, existing wireless channel measurement and modeling techniques have some limitations. Traditional models, such as free-space reference distance models and logarithmic distance models, are mostly based on static parameter assumptions and rely solely on transmit and receive distances to describe attenuation patterns. This makes it difficult to adapt to the multipath effects caused by metal obstacles in industrial scenarios, resulting in large prediction errors for high-frequency path loss. Some channel studies focus on single-conductor excitation methods and do not utilize the interface signal superposition effect generated by multi-conductor coupling, thus failing to further reduce transmission loss. Moreover, existing modeling methods either rely solely on physical mechanisms and lack adaptability, or rely solely on data-driven approaches and lack physical constraints, making it difficult to balance measurement accuracy and scenario generalization, and thus failing to meet the accurate characterization requirements of high-frequency channels in complex industrial IoT environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a method, system, device, and medium for measuring transceiver antenna channels, solving the issues of high path loss in wireless communication due to dense metallic obstacles and significant multipath effects, as well as large prediction errors in traditional channel models. The technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, a method for measuring a transceiver antenna channel includes the following steps:

[0006] S1: Set the conductor and the transceiver antenna to a non-contact connection, and fix the conductor and the transceiver antenna with an adjustable device;

[0007] S2: Fix the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas, adjust the conductor distance using an adjustable device, move the receiving device to different test positions, and record and acquire test data under multiple operating conditions;

[0008] S3: Based on test data and combining the signal transmission characteristics of free space and conductor interface constraints, a multi-conductor path loss model is constructed using ridge regression and least squares method. The fluctuation characteristics during signal transmission are obtained through the multi-conductor path loss model.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the transceiver antenna channel measurement method of the present invention, wherein: the connection between the conductor and the transceiver antenna in S1 is a non-contact connection to avoid impedance mismatch caused by direct physical connection; a support device with spatial position adjustment function is used to fix the conductor and the transceiver antenna respectively, wherein the positions of different conductors are set in a symmetrical manner, and the conductor spacing is dynamically adjusted by the adjustment device of the support device; the spatial attitude and initial position of the transceiver antenna are locked by the support device to construct the transceiver antenna channel measurement hardware system.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the transceiver antenna channel measurement method of the present invention, in step S2, a vector network analyzer is connected to the transceiver antenna at the transceiver end, and the vector network analyzer performs continuous frequency sweeping operation in different frequency bands with different frequency resolutions; under the preset conductor spacing adjustment range and the moving trajectory of the receiving device, for each combination of conductor spacing and receiving device position, test data is collected in real time by the vector network analyzer, and the test data includes the channel complex frequency response and the path loss value under the corresponding working condition;

[0011] The test data is preprocessed, which includes performing multiple repeated samplings on the test data under each combined operating condition, removing abnormal data that exceeds the normal fluctuation range, calculating the average value of the channel complex frequency response and path loss value under each combined operating condition, and generating a standardized multi-dimensional test dataset.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the transceiver antenna channel measurement method of the present invention, the multiple operating conditions include:

[0013] Conductor spacing gradient adjustment mode: The spacing between multiple conductors is dynamically adjusted within a reasonable spacing range that is compatible with the excitation of the conductor interface signal according to a preset step size. Multiple gradient levels are set, and each level corresponds to a set of independent test scenarios to obtain the influence law of conductor spacing change on the superposition effect of conductor interface signal and path loss.

[0014] Multi-location test mode for receiving equipment: The receiving equipment is moved along a preset trajectory, and multiple test positions are set at set intervals. Each position forms a different transmission and reception distance with a fixed transmitting antenna, thus constructing a test scenario covering different transmission distances of near, medium and far.

[0015] Frequency band subdivision test condition: Within the target high frequency band, the frequency is divided into multiple subdivision bands according to a set interval. Frequency sweep measurement is performed independently under each subdivision band to analyze the differences in signal transmission characteristics and path loss at the conductor interface under different high frequency bands.

[0016] Metal obstacle simulation: Metal obstacles are arranged at different densities around the transmission path formed by the transceiver and the conductor to simulate an industrial scenario. Each density level corresponds to a combination test of different conductor spacing, receiving position, and subdivided frequency bands.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the transceiver antenna channel measurement method of the present invention, in S3, based on a standardized multi-dimensional test dataset, the basic characteristics of path loss corresponding to different conductor spacing and antenna spacing are extracted, the free space signal propagation law and the energy constraint transmission characteristics of the conductor interface are integrated, and the dynamic path loss index, conductor spacing related intercept term and fluctuation correction term are obtained. The antenna spacing and operating frequency band are used as variables of the multi-conductor path loss model to cover multiple operating conditions.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the transceiver antenna channel measurement method of the present invention, the dynamic path loss index, conductor spacing correlation intercept term, and fluctuation correction term are obtained as follows:

[0019] The ridge regression algorithm is used to obtain the dynamic path loss index, including: constructing a ridge regression objective function with conductor spacing as the independent variable and path loss index as the dependent variable, determining the optimal regularization parameter through cross-validation, suppressing parameter fluctuations caused by multivariate coupling between conductor spacing and path loss index, and obtaining the nonlinear correlation between conductor spacing and path loss index.

[0020] The least squares method is used to obtain the conductor spacing-related intercept term, including: based on the measured path loss values ​​under the antenna reference distance and conductor reference spacing, a linear regression equation between the intercept term and the conductor spacing is established. By minimizing the sum of squared residuals between the measured intercept and the predicted intercept, the suppression effect of conductor interface signal superposition on path loss under different conductor spacings is quantified.

[0021] The fluctuation correction term is obtained by using a Gaussian distribution. The mean of the fluctuation correction term is set to 0, and the standard deviation is determined by calculating the actual fluctuation range of path loss in the test data. This allows us to obtain the random fluctuation of the signal caused by metal obstacle reflection and multipath interference in the industrial environment.

[0022] The dynamic path loss index, conductor spacing-related intercept term, and fluctuation correction term are integrated to generate a multi-conductor path loss model, which is then validated and optimized.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment of the transceiver antenna channel measurement method of the present invention, the method for verifying and optimizing the multi-conductor path loss model is as follows: select a test sample set, input conductor spacing and antenna spacing parameters to obtain the model predicted path loss value; calculate the root mean square error between the predicted value and the measured value, and adjust the ridge regression regularization parameter and the least squares fitting benchmark point when the threshold is exceeded; construct the error cumulative distribution function, and correct the fluctuation correction term parameter and the frequency band adaptability of the dynamic path loss exponent.

[0024] Secondly, a method for measuring transceiver antenna channels includes:

[0025] The device setup module is used to set the conductor and the transceiver antenna to a non-contact connection, and to fix the conductor and antenna using an adjustable device;

[0026] The data acquisition module is used to fix the antenna spacing, adjust the conductor spacing through the adjustable device, move the receiving device to different test positions, and record and acquire test data under various working conditions.

[0027] The data modeling module is used to construct a multi-conductor path loss model based on the test data and the signal transmission characteristics constrained by free space and conductor interface, using ridge regression and least squares method, and to obtain the fluctuation characteristics during signal transmission through the multi-conductor path loss model.

[0028] Thirdly, an electronic device includes: a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of a transceiver antenna channel measurement method.

[0029] Fourthly, a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of a transceiver antenna channel measurement method.

[0030] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects achieved by this invention are as follows: Through a non-contact design of symmetrically arranged and adjustable-spacing multi-conductors and transceiver antennas, the interface signal superposition effect generated by multi-conductor coupling is fully utilized. Compared with traditional single-conductor excitation or conductor-free solutions, this reduces path loss during high-frequency signal transmission, providing hardware configuration support for low-loss communication in complex industrial IoT environments. A vector network analyzer is used to accurately collect channel data under multiple operating conditions (including conductor spacing, receiver position, frequency band, and obstacle density). A multi-conductor path loss model is constructed using ridge regression and least squares methods. Ridge regression suppresses parameter fluctuations caused by multivariate coupling, while least squares methods optimize the intercept term fitting accuracy, significantly improving the channel characteristic prediction accuracy. This allows for precise capture of signal fluctuation characteristics caused by metal reflection and multipath interference in industrial scenarios. The model incorporates antenna spacing and operating frequency band into the variable category, which can adapt to parameter changes in different test scenarios. It takes into account both physical mechanisms and scenario generalization, and solves the problems of traditional models that are either limited to static parameters or lack physical constraints. It provides accurate and reliable channel characterization basis for link budget, equipment deployment and performance optimization of high-reliability wireless communication systems for industrial IoT. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the transceiver antenna channel measurement method of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of multi-conductor coupled signal transmission communication for the transceiver antenna channel measurement method of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the path loss of the transceiver antenna channel measurement method of the present invention under the condition of varying spacing between the two conductors.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the path loss of the transceiver antenna channel measurement method of the present invention under varying distances between the two guide tubes.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the error cumulative distribution function of different multi-conductor path loss models for the transceiver antenna channel measurement method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and effects of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Example 1: Refer to Figures 1-4 As an embodiment of the present invention, a method for measuring a transceiver antenna channel is provided, comprising:

[0040] S1: Set the conductor and the transceiver antenna to a non-contact connection, and fix the conductor and the transceiver antenna with an adjustable device;

[0041] Preferably, the connection between the conductor and the transceiver antenna is a non-contact connection to avoid impedance mismatch caused by direct physical connection; a support device with spatial position adjustment function is used to fix the conductor and the transceiver antenna respectively, wherein the positions of different conductors are set in a symmetrical manner, and the conductor spacing is dynamically adjusted by the adjustment device of the support device; the spatial attitude and initial position of the transceiver antenna are locked by the support device to construct the transceiver antenna channel measurement hardware system.

[0042] In the embodiments of this application, the hardware system for measuring the transceiver antenna channel is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, a pair of transmitters coupled with dual conductors optimizes the signal transmission mode. The transmitters used are transceiver antennas based on multi-conductor bipolar matrix excitation. These antennas are supported by two acrylic plates with adjustable spacing between them. The dual conductors are suspended above the antennas, and their spacing can be adjusted in real time according to experimental requirements. Both the substrate and the transmitters are fixed on an adjustable tripod, ultimately forming a transceiver antenna channel measurement hardware system with bidirectional adjustable conductor spacing and antenna spacing. This system simplifies the equipment setup complexity of traditional measurement processes through modular design, eliminating the need for complex and expensive dedicated equipment. It can be quickly deployed in industrial settings, and the bidirectional adjustable parameter configuration adapts to different testing needs, significantly improving the system's adaptability and ease of use.

[0043] S2: Fix the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas, adjust the conductor distance using an adjustable device, move the receiving device to different test positions, and record and acquire test data under multiple operating conditions;

[0044] Preferably, the vector network analyzer is connected to the transceiver antenna of the transceiver end. The vector network analyzer performs continuous frequency sweeping operations in different frequency bands with different frequency resolutions. Under the preset conductor spacing adjustment range and the moving trajectory of the receiving device, the vector network analyzer collects test data in real time for each combination of conductor spacing and receiving device position. The test data includes the channel complex frequency response and the path loss value under the corresponding operating condition.

[0045] Preferably, the test data is preprocessed. The preprocessing includes performing multiple repeated samplings on the test data under each combined operating condition, removing abnormal data that exceeds the normal fluctuation range, calculating the average value of the channel complex frequency response and path loss value under each combined operating condition, and generating a standardized multi-dimensional test dataset.

[0046] Preferred, multi-condition options include:

[0047] Conductor spacing gradient adjustment mode: The spacing between multiple conductors is dynamically adjusted within a reasonable spacing range that is compatible with the excitation of the conductor interface signal according to a preset step size. Multiple gradient levels are set, and each level corresponds to a set of independent test scenarios to obtain the influence law of conductor spacing change on the superposition effect of conductor interface signal and path loss.

[0048] Multi-location test mode for receiving equipment: The receiving equipment is moved along a preset trajectory, and multiple test positions are set at set intervals. Each position forms a different transmission and reception distance with a fixed transmitting antenna, thus constructing a test scenario covering different transmission distances of near, medium and far.

[0049] Frequency band subdivision test condition: Within the target high frequency band, the frequency is divided into multiple subdivision bands according to a set interval. Frequency sweep measurement is performed independently under each subdivision band to analyze the differences in signal transmission characteristics and path loss at the conductor interface under different high frequency bands.

[0050] Metal obstacle simulation: Metal obstacles are arranged at different densities around the transmission path formed by the transceiver and the conductor to simulate an industrial scenario. Each density level corresponds to a combination test of different conductor spacing, receiving position, and subdivided frequency bands.

[0051] Examples of different operating conditions selected in this application embodiment are as follows:

[0052] In the conductor spacing gradient adjustment mode, the reasonable spacing range for excitation of the conductor interface signal is set to 20~80mm. Gradient levels are divided into 10mm preset steps, forming 7 independent test scenarios. By comparing test data under different levels, the influence trend of conductor spacing changes on the interface signal superposition effect and path loss is clearly captured. In the receiving device multi-position test mode, the preset trajectory is set along the straight line of the transmit / receive connection. Five test positions are set at 0.5m intervals within a range of 1~3m, corresponding to short-distance (1~1.5m), medium-distance (2m), and long-distance (2.5~3m) transmission scenarios, covering the common device interconnection distance range in industrial scenarios. In the frequency band subdivision test, the target high-frequency band was determined to be 2.5~4.5GHz, which was divided into 5 subdivision bands at 0.5GHz intervals. Continuous frequency sweep was performed in each band with a frequency resolution of 10MHz to accurately analyze the differences in the impact of different high-frequency bands on the signal transmission characteristics and path loss of the conductor interface. In the metal obstacle simulation test, metal plates commonly found in industrial scenarios were selected as obstacles and arranged around the transmission path at density levels of 1, 2, and 3 per square meter. Each density level covered all the above conductor spacing levels, receiving positions, and combinations of subdivision bands to fully reproduce the interference effect of metal obstacles on channel characteristics in the industrial environment.

[0053] In this embodiment, the frequency sweep measurement is performed using a vector network analyzer (VNA) with a frequency resolution of 10 MHz across the 2.5–4.5 GHz frequency band, recording the channel complex frequency response (including real and imaginary parts) at each frequency point in real time. The collected measurement data covers multi-dimensional parameters, including different conductor spacing distances. Transmission distance between the receiver and the signal source under different conductor spacings And the average path loss PL at each measurement point. The average path loss is calculated using a corresponding formula, specifically... Representing each measurement point, Representing each frequency sweep point, based on multiple sets of wireless channel measurement experiments, the complete channel complex frequency response data with a center frequency of 3.5 GHz and covering the 2.5~4.5 GHz frequency band was finally obtained. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0054]

[0055] Where MF represents the total number of samples, the path loss data corresponding to the change in the spacing between the two conductors can be obtained through the above measurements and calculations, as follows: Figure 3 As shown, and the path loss data corresponding to the change in the spacing between the two conduits, as shown in the figure. Figure 4 As shown.

[0056] from Figure 3As can be seen, the path loss (unit: dB) exhibits a specific pattern with the change in the distance between the two antenna conductors (unit: mm). Different curves correspond to scenarios with different antenna distances of 0.5m, 1m, 1.5m, 2m, 2.5m, and 3m, respectively: when the distance between the two antenna conductors is small, the path loss increases relatively slowly; once the distance between the two antenna conductors exceeds approximately 50mm, all curves show a rapid increase in path loss. Furthermore, the larger the antenna distance, the higher the overall path loss value, and the faster the rate of increase in path loss occurs as the distance between the two antenna conductors increases. For example, in the curve with an antenna distance of 3m, the path loss rapidly increases from an initial value of approximately 28dB, while in the curve with an antenna distance of 0.5m, the initial path loss is only approximately 22dB, with both the increase magnitude and rate of increase being significantly smaller. This result indicates that the antenna distance is a key factor affecting path loss; the larger the antenna distance, the more significant the loss during signal transmission, and increasing the distance between the two antenna conductors further exacerbates this loss increase.

[0057] Depend on Figure 4 The relationship between path loss and duct spacing is observed, with different curves corresponding to different antenna spacing scenarios such as 0.5m, 1m, 1.5m, 2m, and 2.5m: as the duct spacing increases, the path loss generally increases, and the trend is similar to that of the two-wire scenario; when the duct spacing is small, the path loss increases slowly; when the duct spacing exceeds 50mm, the path loss increases significantly faster. Furthermore, the larger the antenna spacing, the higher the overall path loss value is generally, and the rate of increase in path loss is also relatively faster when the duct spacing increases.

[0058] It should be noted that this invention achieves full-band frequency sweep measurement using a vector network analyzer, covering the 2.5~4.5GHz frequency range, ensuring real-time and accurate recording of channel complex frequency response and path loss data. Furthermore, the waveguide coupling and mode synthesis effects of the parallel multi-conductor system effectively enhance the excitation intensity and transmission stability of the conductor interface signal. By optimizing the conductor spacing and arrangement, the constructed quasi-open waveguide structure effectively confines electromagnetic energy, enabling directional signal transmission and suppressing radiation loss. This ensures stable signal propagation in complex industrial environments, providing reliable measured data support for the subsequent construction of a multi-conductor path loss model, and demonstrating the innovative adaptability of this hardware configuration in industrial scenarios.

[0059] S3: Based on test data and combined with the signal transmission characteristics constrained by free space and conductor interface, a multi-conductor path loss model is constructed using ridge regression and least squares method. The fluctuation characteristics during signal transmission are obtained through the multi-conductor path loss model.

[0060] Preferably, based on a standardized multi-dimensional test dataset, the basic characteristics of path loss corresponding to different conductor spacing and antenna spacing are extracted. The free space signal propagation law and the energy-constrained transmission characteristics of the conductor interface are integrated to obtain the dynamic path loss index, conductor spacing-related intercept term and fluctuation correction term. The antenna spacing and operating frequency band are used as variables of the multi-conductor path loss model to cover multiple operating conditions.

[0061] In this embodiment of the application, the ridge regression algorithm is used to obtain the dynamic path loss index, including: using conductor spacing as the independent variable and path loss index as the dependent variable, constructing a ridge regression optimization objective function, determining the optimal regularization parameter through cross-validation, suppressing parameter fluctuations caused by multivariate coupling between conductor spacing and path loss index, and obtaining the nonlinear correlation between conductor spacing and path loss index.

[0062] In this embodiment of the application, the least squares method is used to obtain the conductor spacing-related intercept term, including: based on the measured path loss value under the antenna reference distance and conductor reference spacing, a linear regression equation between the intercept term and the conductor spacing is established, and the suppression effect of conductor interface signal superposition on path loss under different conductor spacing is quantified by minimizing the sum of squared residuals between the measured intercept and the predicted intercept.

[0063] In this embodiment, the fluctuation correction term is obtained through Gaussian distribution, the mean of the fluctuation correction term is set to 0, and the standard deviation is determined by calculating the actual fluctuation range of path loss in the test data, thereby obtaining the random fluctuation of the signal caused by metal obstacle reflection and multipath interference in the industrial environment.

[0064] Preferably, the dynamic path loss index, conductor spacing-related intercept term, and fluctuation correction term are integrated to generate a multi-conductor path loss model. The multi-conductor path loss model is then validated and optimized. A test sample set is selected, and the conductor spacing and antenna spacing parameters are input to obtain the model's predicted path loss value. The root mean square error between the predicted and measured values ​​is calculated. When the error exceeds the threshold, the ridge regression regularization parameter and the least squares fitting benchmark point are adjusted. An error cumulative distribution function is constructed to correct the fluctuation correction term parameters and the frequency band adaptability of the dynamic path loss index.

[0065] It should be noted that, to improve the accuracy and generalization ability of the model, this invention comprehensively considers multiple dimensions such as conductor spacing, antenna distance, frequency band characteristics, and environmental interference to construct a multi-conductor path loss model. This model overcomes the limitations of traditional logarithmic distance models, which rely solely on static parameters and are applicable to only a single scenario. It can more accurately match the complex and ever-changing channel environment of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). To enhance the system's flexibility and scalability, this invention also designs a multi-conductor structure device with adjustable conductor spacing. By dynamically adjusting the conductor spacing, it adapts to the signal transmission requirements of different IIoT scenarios. This not only meets the current channel measurement and modeling needs of high-frequency wireless communication but also provides reliable technical support for the research and modeling of channel characteristics in future higher-frequency communication technologies.

[0066] This embodiment also provides a transceiver antenna channel measurement system, including:

[0067] The device setup module is used to set the conductor and the transceiver antenna to a non-contact connection, and to fix the conductor and antenna using an adjustable device;

[0068] The data acquisition module is used to fix the antenna spacing, adjust the conductor spacing through an adjustable device, and move the receiving device to different test positions to record and acquire test data under various working conditions.

[0069] The data modeling module is used to construct a multi-conductor path loss model based on test data and the signal transmission characteristics constrained by free space and conductor interface. The model is then used to obtain the fluctuation characteristics during signal transmission.

[0070] This embodiment also provides an electronic device suitable for transceiver antenna channel measurement, including: a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions to implement the transceiver antenna channel measurement method proposed in the above embodiment.

[0071] This embodiment also provides a storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the transceiver antenna channel measurement method as proposed in the above embodiments.

[0072] The storage medium proposed in this embodiment and the method for measuring the transceiver antenna channel proposed in the above embodiments belong to the same inventive concept. Technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be found in the above embodiments, and this embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the above embodiments.

[0073] Based on the above description of the implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented using software and necessary general-purpose hardware, and of course, it can also be implemented using hardware. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer floppy disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, hard disk, or optical disk, etc., including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0074] Example 2: Refer to Figure 5 Based on the previous embodiment and Table 1, the present invention’s transceiver antenna channel measurement method is scientifically demonstrated through specific experiments.

[0075] To verify the effectiveness of this invention, the root mean square error (RMSE) was used to test the multi-conductor path loss model of this invention. Table 1 shows the RMSE of different models under different scenarios. As can be seen from Table 1, the fitting error of the model established by this invention is much smaller than that of the traditional model, which verifies the accuracy of the model established by this invention, especially its suitability for complex channel environments in industrial scenarios.

[0076] Table 1 Comparison between the traditional model and the model of this invention

[0077]

[0078] To comprehensively evaluate the prediction accuracy of the proposed multi-conductor path loss model, the cumulative error distribution function (CDF) was used as a validation tool. Compared with single indicators such as RMSE, CDF can provide complete information on the error distribution, including the central tendency of the error, the degree of dispersion, and the probability of extreme errors, which better meets the comprehensive requirements of industrial scenarios for model evaluation.

[0079] The cumulative error distribution function is calculated as follows: the model prediction error is defined as the difference between the measured path loss and the model prediction value, expressed as:

[0080]

[0081] in, , To measure the number of points, Indicates the predicted value. This represents the measured value.

[0082] Evaluation metrics based on the cumulative distribution function of errors include two core components: the first is the median error, which corresponds to the error value when the cumulative probability in the CDF curve is 0.5. It reflects the central distribution location of the error. When the median error is close to 0, it indicates that the model has no obvious systematic bias. The second is the 80% error range, which corresponds to the error interval between the cumulative probabilities of 0.1 and 0.9 in the CDF curve. The narrower this interval, the more stable the model prediction results.

[0083] Analysis of the cumulative error distribution function and calculation of the 80% error range show that this interval can cover 80% of the model prediction error. Comparing the traditional CI model with the multi-conductor path loss model of this invention, the 80% error range of the traditional CI model is ±1.68 dB, while the 80% error range of the multi-conductor path loss model of this invention is reduced to ±0.40 dB. This result indicates that the prediction accuracy and consistency of the model of this invention are superior, providing a more accurate link budget reference for the design of industrial IoT wireless systems and solving the problem of excessive errors in traditional models in industrial scenarios.

[0084] from Figure 5 As can be seen, the 80% error range of the CI model is marked with black dots, and the median error of the three models (two-wire model, two-conduit model, and traditional CI model) is close to 0, proving that there is no systematic bias among the three. At the same time, it clearly highlights the significant advantage of the multi-conductor path loss model of this invention over the traditional CI model.

[0085] also, Figure 5 The curve of the two-conductor model (blue) is the steepest, followed by the curve of the two-conductor model (red), and the curve of the traditional CI model (black) is the flattest. The steeper the curve, the more concentrated the error distribution, and the higher the model prediction accuracy. Therefore, the multi-conductor path loss model of this invention reduces the prediction error caused by metal obstacles and multipath interference in industrial environments by utilizing the interface signal superposition effect of multi-conductor coupling. The error distribution is close to normal and the mean is close to zero, indicating that the model has no significant systematic bias, can stably adapt to the complex environment of industrial IoT, and meet the channel characterization requirements of wireless communication systems in different industrial scenarios.

[0086] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring a transceiver antenna channel, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Set the conductor and the transceiver antenna to a non-contact connection, and fix the conductor and the transceiver antenna with an adjustable device; S2: Fix the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas, adjust the conductor distance using an adjustable device, move the receiving device to different test positions, and record and acquire test data under multiple operating conditions; S3: Based on test data and combining the signal transmission characteristics of free space and conductor interface constraints, a multi-conductor path loss model is constructed using ridge regression and least squares method. The fluctuation characteristics during signal transmission are obtained through the multi-conductor path loss model.

2. The transceiver antenna channel measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connection between the conductor and the transceiver antenna in S1 is a non-contact connection to avoid impedance mismatch caused by direct physical connection. A support device with spatial position adjustment function is used to fix the conductor and the transceiver antenna respectively. The positions of different conductors are set in a symmetrical manner, and the conductor spacing is dynamically adjusted by the adjustment device of the support device. The spatial attitude and initial position of the transceiver antenna are locked by the support device to construct the transceiver antenna channel measurement hardware system.

3. The transceiver antenna channel measurement method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In S2, the vector network analyzer is connected to the transceiver antenna at the transceiver end. The vector network analyzer performs continuous frequency sweeping operations in different frequency bands with different frequency resolutions. Under the preset conductor spacing adjustment range and the receiving device movement trajectory, for each combination of conductor spacing and receiving device position, the vector network analyzer collects test data in real time. The test data includes the channel complex frequency response and the path loss value under the corresponding operating conditions. The test data is preprocessed, which includes performing multiple repeated samplings on the test data under each combined operating condition, removing abnormal data that exceeds the normal fluctuation range, calculating the average value of the channel complex frequency response and path loss value under each combined operating condition, and generating a standardized multi-dimensional test dataset.

4. The transceiver antenna channel measurement method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Multiple operating conditions include: Conductor spacing gradient adjustment mode: The spacing between multiple conductors is dynamically adjusted within a reasonable spacing range that is compatible with the excitation of the conductor interface signal according to a preset step size. Multiple gradient levels are set, and each level corresponds to a set of independent test scenarios to obtain the influence law of conductor spacing change on the superposition effect of conductor interface signal and path loss. Multi-location test mode for receiving equipment: The receiving equipment is moved along a preset trajectory, and multiple test positions are set at set intervals. Each position forms a different transmission and reception distance with a fixed transmitting antenna, thus constructing a test scenario covering different transmission distances of near, medium and far. Frequency band subdivision test condition: Within the target high frequency band, the frequency is divided into multiple subdivision bands according to a set interval. Frequency sweep measurement is performed independently under each subdivision band to analyze the differences in signal transmission characteristics and path loss at the conductor interface under different high frequency bands. Metal obstacle simulation: Metal obstacles are arranged at different densities around the transmission path formed by the transceiver and the conductor to simulate an industrial scenario. Each density level corresponds to a combination test of different conductor spacing, receiving position, and subdivided frequency bands.

5. The method for measuring a transceiver antenna channel according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on a standardized multi-dimensional test dataset, S3 extracts the basic path loss features corresponding to different conductor spacing and antenna spacing, integrates the free space signal propagation law and the energy-constrained transmission characteristics of the conductor interface, and obtains the dynamic path loss index, conductor spacing-related intercept term and fluctuation correction term. Antenna spacing and operating frequency band are used as variables in the multi-conductor path loss model to cover multiple operating conditions.

6. The transceiver antenna channel measurement method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The dynamic path loss exponent, conductor spacing-related intercept term, and fluctuation correction term are obtained as follows: The ridge regression algorithm is used to obtain the dynamic path loss index, including: constructing a ridge regression objective function with conductor spacing as the independent variable and path loss index as the dependent variable, determining the optimal regularization parameter through cross-validation, suppressing parameter fluctuations caused by multivariate coupling between conductor spacing and path loss index, and obtaining the nonlinear correlation between conductor spacing and path loss index. The least squares method is used to obtain the conductor spacing-related intercept term, including: based on the measured path loss values ​​under the antenna reference distance and conductor reference spacing, a linear regression equation between the intercept term and the conductor spacing is established. By minimizing the sum of squared residuals between the measured intercept and the predicted intercept, the suppression effect of conductor interface signal superposition on path loss under different conductor spacings is quantified. The fluctuation correction term is obtained by using a Gaussian distribution. The mean of the fluctuation correction term is set to 0, and the standard deviation is determined by calculating the actual fluctuation range of path loss in the test data. This allows us to obtain the random fluctuation of the signal caused by metal obstacle reflection and multipath interference in the industrial environment. The dynamic path loss index, conductor spacing-related intercept term, and fluctuation correction term are integrated to generate a multi-conductor path loss model, which is then validated and optimized.

7. The transceiver antenna channel measurement method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method for validating and optimizing the multi-conductor path loss model is as follows: select a test sample set, input conductor spacing and antenna spacing parameters to obtain the model's predicted path loss value; Calculate the root mean square error between the predicted and measured values, and adjust the ridge regression regularization parameter and the least squares fitting benchmark when the value exceeds the threshold. Construct an error cumulative distribution function, and correct the fluctuation correction term parameters and the frequency band adaptability of the dynamic path loss index.

8. A method for measuring a transceiver antenna channel, employing the method for measuring a transceiver antenna channel as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: The device setup module is used to set the conductor and the transceiver antenna to a non-contact connection, and to fix the conductor and antenna using an adjustable device; The data acquisition module is used to fix the antenna spacing, adjust the conductor spacing through the adjustable device, move the receiving device to different test positions, and record and acquire test data under various working conditions. The data modeling module is used to construct a multi-conductor path loss model based on the test data and the signal transmission characteristics constrained by free space and conductor interface, using ridge regression and least squares method, and to obtain the fluctuation characteristics during signal transmission through the multi-conductor path loss model.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Memory and processor; The memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the transceiver antenna channel measurement method according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the transceiver antenna channel measurement method according to any one of claims 1-7.

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