Green comprehensive prevention and control method for greenhouse tomato summer virus diseases

Abstract

The invention provides a green comprehensive prevention and control method for greenhouse tomato summer virus diseases, and belongs to the technical field of tomato planting. According to the method, vector insects such as bemisia tabaci and the like are intercepted through medicament fumigation in a greenhouse and trapping of a yellow insect sticking plate before seedling raising in a seedbed, and then the occurrence of tomato virus diseases is remarkably reduced through internal regulation and peripheral interception of facilities, facility optimization for coping with high temperature in summer and finally accurate intervention of a mixed synergist. According to the method, through closed-loop management of interception, regulation and killing, the population density of bemisia tabaci in the greenhouse can be effectively controlled to be below an economic threshold value, so that the occurrence rate of tomato virus diseases is reduced to be below 20%, and the yield of greenhouse tomatoes in summer is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tomato cultivation technology, specifically to a green integrated prevention and control method for summer viral diseases in greenhouse tomatoes. Background Technology

[0002] China is one of the world's major tomato producers. As people's living standards improve, fruit tomatoes are loved by consumers for their thin skin, thick flesh, sweet and sour taste, and soft and juicy texture. As a result, the demand for high-quality fruit tomatoes is growing rapidly.

[0003] However, the high temperatures and strong sunlight in summer make it difficult to control the environment inside facilities, which easily leads to outbreaks of pests such as whiteflies. These pests are the main vectors for the spread of viral diseases. The excessive use of pesticides during cultivation has led to a significant increase in the resistance of whiteflies and other vector insects, making them even more difficult to control. Therefore, it is more difficult to cultivate and grow fruit tomatoes in summer, resulting in a shortage of fruit tomatoes in summer.

[0004] Existing methods for controlling pests and diseases in greenhouse tomato cultivation and their drawbacks: Chemical pesticides: Long-term use leads to increased pesticide resistance in pests, excessive pesticide residues, and a declining control effect. At the same time, chemical pesticides kill natural enemies and disrupt the ecological balance.

[0005] Single physical control (such as insect netting): can only block some adult insects. If the mesh is too dense, it will affect ventilation and lead to high temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse. If the mesh is too large, it will not be able to block nymphs and small pests.

[0006] Single biological control: When the pest population is large, natural enemy insects (such as Encarsia formosa and stink bugs) establish populations slowly, and the high temperature in summer is not conducive to population establishment. The control effect is delayed and it is difficult to quickly curb the spread of the virus.

[0007] Current technologies are limited and lack synergistic effects, making it difficult to achieve efficient, green, and sustainable control of viral diseases in greenhouse tomatoes during the high-temperature summer season. Therefore, effectively blocking the introduction, colonization, and virus transmission of vector insects under immense external insect population pressure is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a green integrated prevention and control method for summer viral diseases in greenhouse tomatoes. This integrated prevention and control method is environmentally friendly, has a long-lasting effect, and can effectively reduce the incidence of tomato viral diseases.

[0009] The basic concept of the technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: A green integrated prevention and control method for summer viral diseases in greenhouse tomatoes, the integrated prevention and control method comprising the following steps: (1) Before raising seedlings in the seedbed, the greenhouse is fumigated with pesticides. During seedling raising, whiteflies are trapped by yellow sticky insect boards, and the yellow sticky insect boards are replaced in time to reduce the number of infected seedlings. (2) External interception and internal control of the facility: Insect-proof nets are installed at all ventilation openings of the facility, double-layer insect-proof curtains are set at the entrance of the facility, and trapping yellow sticky insect strips are installed on the inside of the door to trap adult insects that enter with personnel in real time. During the summer, from 10:00 AM to 4:00 PM, use black and white shade nets to provide shade and keep the temperature inside the greenhouse below 35℃, which can inhibit the reproduction and activity of whiteflies. Yellow sticky insect boards are hung above the growing point of tomato plants to monitor and kill adult insects, and insecticidal lamps are set up during the peak period of adult insects. Pre-planting fumigation with pesticides in the greenhouse; (3) Local chemical intervention: When the number of insects attracted by a single yellow sticky board exceeds 20 per week, biological control reagents are used to spray the key areas precisely to quickly reduce the insect population.

[0010] As an example, the fumigation agent used in step (1) is a high-efficiency cypermethrin fumigant with a mass fraction of 3%, and the fumigation agent used in step (2) is a sulfur fumigant for fumigating the facility before planting.

[0011] As an example, the yellow sticky insect board setting method in step (1) is as follows: 20 to 25 days after emergence, the seedlings can be moved to an outdoor seedling greenhouse for hardening for 6 to 8 days. During the hardening period, the seedling beds are spaced 40 to 50 cm apart. Specifically, yellow sticky insect boards are hung at the height of the seedlings and the top of the plant to trap whiteflies and reduce the number of infected plants in the seedling stage.

[0012] The yellow sticky traps are hung at the same height as the top of the seedling support. Hanging them too low or too high will affect their effectiveness. If they are too low, they will stick to leaves and flowers as the plants grow, requiring frequent adjustments, which is laborious and time-consuming. If they are too high, they will reduce the ability of whiteflies attached to the underside of the leaves to be caught again.

[0013] As an example, the black and white shade net in step (2) is specifically set to a shade net with white on the outside and black on the inside.

[0014] As an example, in step (2), the pesticide is applied to the greenhouse before transplanting. The specific application method is as follows: When preparing the land and making raised beds, mix 1000-1500 g of fipronil granules with 50 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and apply evenly in holes or furrows.

[0015] Fipronil granules dissolve slowly in the soil and are evenly distributed around the seedling roots. Through systemic conduction, the pesticide is transported to the above-ground parts, killing pests such as whiteflies, tobacco whiteflies, and aphids that harm the plants.

[0016] As an example, in step (3), the mixed synergist includes three types: Lectra, 1226 and nucleotides, which are used at a ratio of 60 ml: 60 ml: 30 ml per mu, diluted 1000-1500 times, and sprayed 3 times consecutively at intervals of 5-7 days.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The method of this invention organically combines physical, ecological, biological and chemical means to form a multi-layered three-dimensional defense system, which solves the problem of limited effectiveness of single measures.

[0018] 2. The method of the present invention significantly reduces the amount of chemical pesticides used, protects the ecological environment and natural enemy resources, and is in line with the development direction of green agriculture.

[0019] 3. The method of the present invention can effectively control the population density of whiteflies in the greenhouse below the economic threshold through closed-loop management of "interception-regulation-extermination", thereby reducing the incidence of tomato viral diseases from the conventional 50% to 60% to below 20%.

[0020] 4. The method described in this invention has clear steps and specific parameters, making it easy for growers to master and promote its application. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The accompanying drawings are provided to further understand the technical solutions of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this application to explain the technical solutions of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the tomato growth effect of the integrated prevention and control method applied in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tomato growth effect in the control experiment of Example 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] All reagents used in this invention can be purchased through conventional channels. Among them, Lectra, 1226 and nucleotides were purchased from the China National Rice Research Institute. The public can contact the institute to obtain the corresponding reagents. These reagents are only used to repeat the relevant experiments of this invention and should not be used for other purposes.

[0025] Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example 1 In August, tomato seedlings were cultivated and transplanted in a greenhouse setting in Ningbo High-tech Industrial Park, Zhejiang Province.

[0027] Facility-based seedling cultivation: Select plump tomato seeds for germination and sowing. Wrap the tomato seeds in damp gauze and place them in a seed germination box, maintaining a temperature of 26–28℃ and humidity of approximately 70%–75%. Once the seeds show signs of sprouting, sow them in 50-cell seedling trays at a depth of 0.8–1.2 cm, one seed per cell. Cover with substrate and water thoroughly. Transfer the trays to an artificial climate chamber for seedling cultivation. Before emergence, set the daytime temperature to 25–30℃ and the nighttime temperature to 18–20℃, maintaining a relative humidity of 80%–85%. After all seedlings have emerged, appropriately lower the temperature and begin ventilation, maintaining a daytime temperature of around 25℃ and a nighttime temperature of 13–15℃. Once the seedlings have 2–3 true leaves, thin them out, retaining the strong seedlings and removing the weak ones.

[0028] Seedbed preparation: Before raising seedlings in the seedbed, fumigate with pesticides. During seedling raising, use yellow sticky traps to trap whiteflies and replace the traps in a timely manner. During the seedling raising period, it is advisable to replace the yellow traps every 17 to 20 days to reduce the number of infected seedlings.

[0029] During the fumigation process, use insecticidal smoke agent (3% high-efficiency cypermethrin as the active ingredient). The best effect is achieved when used in the evening. Distribute the smoke agent evenly and ventilate after 8-10 hours of fumigation.

[0030] 20-25 days after emergence, the seedlings can be transplanted to an outdoor seedling greenhouse for 6-8 days to harden off. After hardening off, the tomato seedlings can be transplanted into a greenhouse. During the hardening-off period, the seedbeds should be spaced 40-50 cm apart, and yellow sticky traps should be hung above the seedlings at the same height as the top of the plant to trap whiteflies and reduce the number of infected seedlings.

[0031] Planting: The greenhouse was fumigated with pesticides in advance, followed by high-temperature sealing for 5-7 days to thoroughly remove residual insects and weeds.

[0032] The specific method for fumigating the shed with chemicals is as follows: 1) Completely seal the greenhouse and check and repair all gaps; 2) Distribute the sulfur fumigant evenly in different locations within the shed by placing it in multiple refractory containers (such as iron basins or bricks); 3) Ignite the flammable materials sequentially from the inside out, and the operators should evacuate immediately. 4) Fumigate in a sealed environment for 24-48 hours; 5) After that, open all the vents and ventilate thoroughly for 7-10 days or more. Only after there is no irritating odor can you enter the shed to work.

[0033] Tomato transplanting typically uses silver-gray mulch. The spacing between plants is 25–30 cm, and the distance from the drip irrigation line is 15–20 cm. The planting hole depth is similar to the height of the transplanted tomato seedlings, with 2000–2200 seedlings planted per acre. During transplanting, ensure the seedling roots are completely placed in the hole, guaranteeing the cotyledons are level with the ground, then fill the hole with soil and compact the soil around the opening. Immediately after transplanting, water thoroughly to help the roots establish.

[0034] Facility upgrades and physical barriers (peripheral interception): Install insect-proof netting with a mesh size of 40-60 or higher at all ventilation openings in the facility. Install double-layered insect-proof curtains at the facility entrance, and install yellow sticky traps on the inside of the door to immediately trap adult insects that enter with personnel. Promptly remove weeds from inside the greenhouse to reduce insect habitats.

[0035] Internal environment optimization (internal control): Shading and cooling: In summer, from 10 am to 4 pm, use black and white shade netting (white on the outside and black on the inside) to shade the greenhouse and keep the temperature inside below 35℃. This can inhibit the breeding and activity of whiteflies. The white on the outside can reflect sunlight from outside the greenhouse, while the black on the inside can absorb internal heat and reduce the temperature of the greenhouse film.

[0036] Precision physical and biological extermination (targeted extermination): Precisely deploy color boards and insecticidal lamps: Hang yellow sticky insect boards 10-15 cm above the growing point of tomato plants, with 20-30 boards per acre, for monitoring and trapping adult insects. During the peak period of adult insects, set up insecticidal lamps (1 lamp per 5-10 acres in open fields, 1 lamp per greenhouse in protected cultivation), with the light source 0.5-1.0 meters above the ground.

[0037] Apply pesticides in advance: When preparing the land and making raised beds, mix 1000-1500 g of 2% fipronil granules with 50 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and apply evenly in holes or furrows. The granules will slowly dissolve in the soil and be evenly distributed around the seedling roots. Through systemic conduction, the pesticide will be transported to the above-ground parts to kill pests such as whiteflies, tobacco whiteflies, and aphids that harm the plants.

[0038] Seedling management: Before seedlings become diseased, foliar spraying with insecticides such as abamectin or acetamiprid can be used to further control the pests. Spraying should ensure complete coverage of both sides of the leaves, flowers, and the ground surface, with even application and at least three consecutive applications, each one week apart. Regularly clear weeds around the greenhouse to reduce insect habitats. During peak adult insect season, install insecticidal lamps (one lamp per 5-10 acres in open fields, and one lamp per greenhouse in protected areas), with the light source 0.5-1.0 meters above the ground.

[0039] When the number of insects attracted by a single yellow sticky trap exceeds 20 per week, use a mixed synergist to precisely spray the key areas. Avoid spraying during the flowering and fruiting period and high-temperature periods. It is recommended to spray in the evening to quickly reduce the insect population.

[0040] The mixed synergist consists of three types: Lectra, 1226, and nucleotides. They are used at a ratio of 60 ml: 60 ml: 30 ml per acre, diluted 1000-1500 times, and applied 3 times consecutively at 5-7 day intervals.

[0041] The final growth diagram of the tomatoes in the facility is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0042] The growth chart is shown below, with the experiment without the mixed synergist serving as a control. Figure 2 As shown, the tomato seedlings are growing well and have a low incidence of disease. The incidence of tomato viral diseases was statistically analyzed through field observation, based on the viral phenotype. In this example, the incidence of tomato mosaic virus (TYLCV) was identified phenotypically. The specific calculation method for the incidence rate is as follows: Incidence rate / % = Number of infected plants / Total number of tomato plants × 100.

[0043] The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0044] Table 1. Disease incidence rate in tomatoes The above data analysis shows that: To reduce the incidence of tomato viral diseases transmitted by insect vectors such as whiteflies, a closed-loop management system of "interception-control-extermination" can effectively control the whitefly population density in greenhouses below the economic threshold, thereby reducing the incidence of tomato viral diseases to 18.6%.

[0045] Therefore, by adopting the comprehensive prevention and control method described in this invention, physical, ecological, biological and chemical means are organically combined to form a multi-layered three-dimensional defense system, which solves the problem of limited effectiveness of single measures. The excellent effects of this invention can only be achieved by the complementary and coordinated use of various means.

[0046] While the embodiments disclosed in this invention are as described above, the content is merely for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make any modifications and changes to the form and details of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein; however, the scope of patent protection of this invention shall still be determined by the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A green integrated prevention and control method for summer viral diseases in greenhouse tomatoes, characterized in that, The comprehensive prevention and control method includes the following steps: (1) Before raising seedlings in the seedbed, the greenhouse is fumigated with pesticides. During seedling raising, whiteflies are trapped by yellow sticky insect boards, and the yellow sticky insect boards are replaced in time to reduce the number of infected seedlings. (2) External interception and internal control of the facility: Insect-proof nets are installed at all ventilation openings of the facility, double-layer insect-proof curtains are set at the entrance of the facility, and trapping yellow sticky insect strips are installed on the inside of the door to trap adult insects that enter with personnel in real time. During the summer, from 10:00 AM to 4:00 PM, use black and white shade nets to provide shade and keep the temperature inside the greenhouse below 35℃, which can inhibit the reproduction and activity of whiteflies. Yellow sticky insect boards are hung above the growing point of tomato plants to monitor and kill adult insects, and insecticidal lamps are set up during the peak period of adult insects. Pre-planting fumigation with pesticides in the greenhouse; (3) Local chemical intervention: When the number of insects attracted by a single yellow sticky board exceeds 20 per week, biological control reagents are used to spray the key areas precisely to quickly reduce the insect population.

2. The green integrated prevention and control method for summer viral diseases of greenhouse tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fumigation agent used in step (1) is a high-efficiency cypermethrin fumigant with a mass fraction of 3%, and the sulfur fumigant used in step (2) is the facility fumigation agent before planting.

3. The green integrated prevention and control method for summer viral diseases of greenhouse tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step (1) The method of setting up yellow sticky insect boards is as follows: 20 to 25 days after emergence, the seedlings can be moved to an outdoor seedling greenhouse for hardening for 6 to 8 days. During the hardening period, the seedling beds are spaced 40 to 50 cm apart. Specifically, yellow sticky insect boards are hung at the height of the seedlings and the top of the plant to trap whiteflies and reduce the number of infected plants in the seedling stage.

4. The green integrated prevention and control method for summer viral diseases of greenhouse tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the black and white shade net is specifically set to be a shade net with white on the outside and black on the inside.

5. The green integrated prevention and control method for summer viral diseases of greenhouse tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the pesticide is applied to the greenhouse before transplanting. The specific application method is as follows: When preparing the land and making raised beds, mix 1000-1500 g of fipronil granules with 50 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and apply evenly in holes or furrows. Fipronil granules dissolve slowly in the soil and are evenly distributed around the seedling roots. Through systemic conduction, the pesticide is transported to the above-ground parts, killing pests such as whiteflies, tobacco whiteflies, and aphids that harm the plants.

6. The green integrated prevention and control method for summer viral diseases of greenhouse tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the mixed synergist includes three types: Lectra, 1226 and nucleotides. They are used at a ratio of 60 ml: 60 ml: 30 ml per mu, diluted 1000-1500 times, and sprayed 3 times consecutively at intervals of 5-7 days.

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