Feed additive for improving immunity and growth of animals as well as preparation method and application of feed additive

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed additive for improving animal immunity and growth as well as a preparation method and application of the feed additive. The feed additive provided by the invention is prepared by fermenting a specific traditional Chinese medicine residue composition with cellulase and bacillus subtilis. According to the feed additive, active substances including lignin, alkaloid, saponin, phenolic acid, polysaccharides and the like contained in the radix codonopsis dregs are compounded with the radix scutellariae, the radix astragali, the fructus forsythiae, the honeysuckle leaves, the rhizoma curcumae longae, the medicated leaven, the haw dregs and the coffee grounds to achieve a synergistic effect, so that the feed additive has good effects of improving immunity, promoting growth, protecting the liver and the like; meanwhile, the bad smell in the medicine residues can be adjusted through compounding, the palatability is improved, the meat-feed ratio is reduced, and the utilization efficiency of the feed is improved, the fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue composition has higher nutritional value and functional activity, the immunity is improved and the growth of animals is promoted by compounding the synergistic components, and the feed additive can be better applied to the feed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of livestock breeding and feed additive preparation, in particular to a feed additive for improving immunity and growth of animals, a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In modern livestock breeding, the problem of improving immunity and growth of animals is concerned. On the one hand, the immune system of animals directly affects the resistance to various diseases, and animals with high immunity have strong resistance to various viruses or bacteria in the external environment, thereby reducing the probability of disease occurrence and reducing the breeding cost. On the other hand, improving the growth of animals can not only improve the breeding efficiency, but also obtain more yield in the same time.

[0003] In traditional livestock breeding, antibiotics and hormones are generally used to improve the immunity and growth of animals. However, the long-term use of such drugs can lead to drug residues in the animal body, which not only endangers the safety of livestock products, but also directly threatens human health. In addition, long-term use of antibiotics and hormone drugs can cause the increase of drug resistance of animals, reducing the effectiveness of disease treatment drugs. Therefore, it is urgent to develop more safe and effective drugs that can improve the immunity and growth of animals.

[0004] At the same time, due to the rapid development of traditional Chinese medicine industry, according to the report of relevant departments, 500 million tons of traditional Chinese medicine residues are generated in China every year, and the potential value of 100 billion yuan can be released through recycling. However, these traditional Chinese medicine residues and traditional Chinese medicine scraps cannot be effectively utilized. At present, the treatment methods of traditional Chinese medicine residues are mainly incineration, composting or discarding as waste, which not only causes waste of resources, but also pollutes the environment. More importantly, due to the limitations of traditional extraction methods, the extraction rate of effective medicinal ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine processing is only 30%-70%, which means that the effective ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine residues are also 30%-70%, resulting in a large amount of waste due to ineffective utilization.

[0005] However, the use of traditional Chinese medicine residues for preparing feed additives also has the following defects: unstable drug properties and drug amounts of residual components, difficult to quantify, unpredictable synergistic / antagonistic effect, unbalanced nutritional components, high cellulose content, low and unbalanced nutritional value, and far from meeting the growth needs of animals. The main effect of the existing public feed additives is to improve the growth or immunity of animals, which cannot meet the needs of immunity and growth at the same time. Moreover, most of the traditional Chinese medicine residues have a unique taste, which can lead to poor palatability of feed, reduced feed intake of animals, etc. These problems make it difficult to popularize and apply traditional Chinese medicine residues in feed. Based on this, the present application is proposed. SUMMARY

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defects and shortcomings of existing feed additives prepared from Chinese herbal medicine residues. The present invention provides a feed additive that improves animal immunity and growth, as well as its preparation method and application.

[0007] The first objective of this invention is to provide a feed additive.

[0008] A second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing feed additives.

[0009] A third objective of this invention is to provide applications for feed additives.

[0010] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide a product.

[0011] The fifth objective of this invention is to provide a feed.

[0012] The above-mentioned objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0013] This invention provides a feed additive prepared from a composition of traditional Chinese medicine residues through fermentation with cellulase and Bacillus subtilis. By weight, the composition contains: 10-30 parts of Codonopsis pilosula residue, 5-15 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis residue, 5-15 parts of Astragalus membranaceus residue, 5-10 parts of Cinnamomum cassia residue, 3-8 parts of Curcuma longa residue, 5-10 parts of coffee grounds, 8-15 parts of Shenqu (medicated leaven) residue, 5-10 parts of Forsythia suspensa residue, 5-10 parts of Lonicera japonica leaf residue, and 10-20 parts of Crataegus pinnatifida residue; the amount of cellulase added is 0.2-1 parts, and the amount of Bacillus subtilis added is 1-2 parts.

[0014] The feed additive provided by this invention is prepared by fermentation of a specific composition of traditional Chinese medicine residues. The specific traditional Chinese medicine residues can significantly improve animal immunity and promote growth. Among them, Codonopsis pilosula residue contains active substances such as lignin, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic acids and polysaccharides. The combination with Scutellaria baicalensis residue and Astragalus membranaceus residue has good effects on regulating immunity and antioxidation. The combination with cinnamon, Forsythia suspensa and Lonicera japonica residue has antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, liver-protecting and metabolic regulating effects. It also works synergistically with Shenqu, hawthorn and coffee grounds to improve the apparent digestibility of crude protein and acid detergent fiber in feed, so that the composition can promote animal growth. Its specific components can also adjust the unpleasant odor in the residue and improve palatability. The feed additive preparation method provided by this invention adopts a specific two-step fermentation process to ferment the Chinese herbal medicine residue composition. The preparation method is simple, and the feed additive obtained can simultaneously meet the needs of immunity and growth. Furthermore, through the compounding of specific herbal medicine residue combinations, the aroma of the herbal medicine residue can be well adjusted, palatability can be increased, the feed conversion ratio can be reduced, and the feed utilization rate can be improved, making it more suitable for use in feed.

[0015] Preferably, the herbal medicine residue composition contains, by weight, the following: 15-25 parts of Codonopsis pilosula residue, 8-12 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis residue, 8-12 parts of Astragalus membranaceus residue, 5-7 parts of Cinnamomum cassia residue, 4-6 parts of Curcuma longa residue, 6-8 parts of coffee grounds, 10-12 parts of Shenqu (medicated leaven) residue, 7-9 parts of Forsythia suspensa residue, 7-9 parts of Lonicera japonica leaf residue, and 12-18 parts of Crataegus pinnatifida residue.

[0016] More preferably, the herbal medicine residue composition contains: 20 parts of Codonopsis pilosula residue, 10 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis residue, 10 parts of Astragalus membranaceus residue, 6 parts of Cinnamomum cassia residue, 5 parts of Curcuma longa residue, 7 parts of coffee grounds, 11 parts of Shenqu (medicated leaven) residue, 8 parts of Forsythia suspensa residue, 8 parts of Lonicera japonica leaf residue, and 15 parts of Crataegus pinnatifida residue.

[0017] More preferably, the amount of cellulase added is 0.6 parts, and the amount of Bacillus subtilis added is 1.5 parts.

[0018] This invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned feed additive, comprising the following steps: S1. First enzymatic hydrolysis: After separating and drying the residues of Codonopsis pilosula, Scutellaria baicalensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Medicated leaven, Cinnamomum cassia, Curcuma longa, coffee grounds, Forsythia suspensa, and Lonicera japonica, they are mixed according to the weight ratio, cellulase is added for fermentation, and then sterilized and dried after fermentation. S2. Second fermentation: Add hawthorn residue and Bacillus subtilis, and after secondary fermentation, sterilize and dry to obtain the fermentation product; S3. The fermentation product is sieved and then pelleted to obtain a feed additive.

[0019] Preferably, the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions in S1 are: 40-60℃, enzymatic hydrolysis for 1-3 hours; drying to a moisture content of 50-60%.

[0020] Preferably, the fermentation conditions in S2 are: 30-40℃, fermentation time 24-48h.

[0021] More preferably, the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions are: 50°C, enzymatic hydrolysis for 2 hours.

[0022] More preferably, the fermentation conditions are: 30-40℃, fermentation for 48 hours.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a method for preparing feed additives: (1) Take parts by weight of Codonopsis pilosula residue, Scutellaria baicalensis residue, Cinnamomum cassia residue, Curcuma longa residue, coffee grounds, Forsythia suspensa residue and Lonicera japonica residue, dry them, pulverize them and sterilize them at high temperature. Use cellulase to carry out the first fermentation at 50℃ for 2 hours. After enzymatic hydrolysis, sterilize the hydrolysate at high temperature and dry the water content of the first fermentation product to 50-60%. (2) After adding hawthorn residue to the first fermentation product and mixing evenly, use Bacillus subtilis (with an effective viable bacteria content of not less than 10). 9 The product was subjected to a second fermentation at CFU / mL at a temperature of 30-40℃ for 48 hours. After fermentation, the fermented product was sterilized at high temperature and dried at 60℃ to obtain the feed additive.

[0024] This invention provides the application of the above-mentioned feed additive in the preparation of products that promote growth and improve animal immunity.

[0025] This invention provides a product containing the above-mentioned feed additive.

[0026] Preferably, the product also contains other auxiliary preparations, such as nutrients, antioxidants, and antifungal agents.

[0027] The present invention also provides a feed prepared by mixing a basic feed with feed additives.

[0028] Preferably, the ratio of the basic feed to the feed additive is: 0.3-0.5% feed additive is added to every kilogram of basic feed.

[0029] The present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned feed in promoting animal growth and improving immunity.

[0030] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a feed additive for improving animal immunity and growth, its preparation method, and its application. The invention utilizes the residues of traditional Chinese medicines such as Codonopsis pilosula and Scutellaria baicalensis as the main components, combined with residues of other herbs such as cinnamon, turmeric, forsythia, and honeysuckle leaves. Through enzymatic and bacterial dual fermentation, the resulting feed additive has the effect of regulating animal immunity and promoting growth. The feed additive uses specific traditional Chinese medicine residues rich in protein, cellulose, calcium, magnesium, iron, and other trace elements and medicinal components (such as plant active substances). After enzymatic and bacterial dual fermentation, the effective components in the composition are more effectively utilized, improving animal immunity and growth, enhancing the palatability of the traditional Chinese medicine residues, reducing the feed conversion ratio, increasing feed utilization efficiency, and reducing antibiotic use. It provides an innovative and sustainable solution to the problems of immunity and growth promotion in traditional animal husbandry, simultaneously achieving immune regulation and growth promotion, as well as excellent resource reuse.

[0031] Compared to traditional livestock farming methods that use antibiotics and hormones, this invention utilizes traditional Chinese medicine residues as raw materials to produce a safe and highly effective feed additive. This reduces drug residues in animals, ensuring the quality and safety of livestock products. Furthermore, compared to existing traditional Chinese medicine additives and their preparation methods—which either directly mix and use the residues or undergo single fermentation—this invention employs a dual enzyme-bacterial fermentation method on specific traditional Chinese medicine residue compositions. This method better extracts the active ingredients, improves palatability, and enhances the feed additive's immune-boosting and growth-promoting effects. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 Serum immune factors IFN in different compositions γ level results.

[0033] Figure 2 The results show the serum immune factor IgG levels for different compositions.

[0034] Figure 3 Results of serum IL-2 levels for different compositions.

[0035] Figure 4 Image showing the results of HE staining. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are conventional reagents, methods and equipment in this technical field.

[0037] Unless otherwise specified, all reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available. The units of weight in this invention may be grams, kilograms, or pounds, etc.

[0038] The traditional Chinese medicine residue, cellulase, pectinase, Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC4356), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CICC1562), and Bacillus subtilis (CICC22696) used in the examples (all of which have an effective viable bacterial content of not less than 10) 9 All CFU / mL were purchased commercially.

[0039] Example 1 Preparation of the composition (1) According to the proportions described in Table 1, take the following parts by weight: Codonopsis pilosula residue, Scutellaria baicalensis residue, Astragalus membranaceus residue, Cinnamomum cassia residue, Curcuma longa residue, coffee grounds, Forsythia suspensa residue and Lonicera japonica leaf residue, dry them, pulverize them and sterilize them at high temperature. Use 0.6 parts of cellulase for the first fermentation at 50 ℃ for 2 h. After the enzymatic hydrolysis, sterilize the hydrolysate at high temperature and dry the water content of the first fermentation product to 50-60%.

[0040] (2) After adding hawthorn residue to the first fermentation product and mixing evenly, use 1.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis (the effective viable bacteria content is not less than 10). 9 The fermentation was carried out for a second time at CFU / mL at a temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 48 h. After fermentation, the fermented material was sterilized at high temperature and dried at 60 ℃.

[0041] (3) After the dried fermentation product is sieved, it is granulated to obtain feed additive.

[0042] Table 1 Formulations of different compositions

[0043] Example 2: Preparation of different control groups 1. Preparation of different formulations for comparison Following the preparation method in Example 1, control groups with different formulations were prepared according to the proportions in Table 2 for later use. Specifically, the astragalus residue in control group 5 was replaced with coptis residue; the forsythia residue and honeysuckle leaf residue in control group 6 were replaced with isatis root residue; and the cinnamon residue in control group 7 was replaced with star anise residue.

[0044] Table 2. Formulas for the control group

[0045] 2. Preparation of control groups for different fermentation methods Following the preparation method steps in Example 1, different fermenting agents were used to prepare the mixture based on Composition 1. The fermentation conditions set in Table 3 were followed to obtain comparative groups 9-14 prepared by different fermentation methods. Among them, comparative group 11 was prepared without adding a fermenting agent, and the various Chinese herbal medicine residue components were directly crushed, mixed, sterilized at high temperature, and dried. Comparative group 13 was prepared by adding cellulase and Bacillus subtilis for a single fermentation.

[0046] Table 3. Formulas for control groups 9-14

[0047] Test Example 1: Growth Performance Determination Healthy 40-day-old Wufeng broiler chickens were randomly selected from the chicken farm and randomly divided into groups of 10 each. Compositions 1-3 prepared in Example 1 and control groups 1-14 prepared in Example 2 were added to the basal feed (a premix of corn and soybean meal), with an addition amount of 3 g / kg feed. The blank control group was fed the basal feed. The experimental period was 42 days. The positive control group used a certain brand of compound probiotic feed additive (mainly containing Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria, with an effective live bacteria count ≥5×10⁻⁶). 9Add 300 mg / kg of feed according to the product instructions (CFU / g). Weigh the animals before and after the experiment, and calculate the average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) is a key indicator for measuring feed conversion efficiency; the lower the value, the higher the feed utilization efficiency. Calculate the FCR.

[0048] The calculation formula is: Average daily weight gain = weight gain / number of feeding days; Average daily feed intake = Total feed intake / Number of feeding days; Feed conversion ratio = Total feed intake / Total weight gain.

[0049] The results are shown in Table 4, indicating that the effects of different combinations of Chinese herbal medicine residues fermented and additives prepared using different fermentation methods on improving the growth performance of broilers are significantly different. Adding compositions 1-3 to the feed significantly increased the average daily weight gain of broilers, better promoted broiler growth, reduced the feed conversion ratio, and improved feed utilization efficiency. In contrast, in control group 11, where the Chinese herbal medicine residues were directly added to the feed, the unique odor and taste of the herbs reduced the palatability of the broilers, resulting in a significant decrease in feed intake. After fermentation, the average daily feed intake of all groups increased and was comparable, indicating that fermentation significantly improved the palatability of the Chinese herbal medicine residues. Under the same feed intake conditions, the average daily weight gain of broilers using compositions 1-3 was significantly higher than that of the other control groups, and they also had a lower feed conversion ratio, demonstrating a better growth-promoting effect.

[0050] Table 4 Growth performance

[0051] Test Example 2: Immune Organ Index Measurement In Test Example 1, broilers in each group were fed for 42 days, then sacrificed, and their thymus and spleen were aseptically removed. The organs were rinsed with physiological saline to remove surface blood, blotted dry with filter paper, weighed, and their immune organ index (g / kg) was calculated. Simultaneously, at the end of the experiment, blood was collected intravenously, incubated overnight at 4°C, and serum was separated. The levels of immune factors IFN-γ, IgG, and IL-2 in the serum were detected using an ELISA kit.

[0052] The formula for calculating the immune organ index is: Thymus index (mg / g) = thymus weight / body weight; Spleen index (mg / g) = spleen weight / body weight.

[0053] The results of the determination of thymus index and spleen index are shown in Table 5. It shows that the thymus index and spleen index of broilers with compositions 1-3 are higher than those of the control group and the blank group. The thymus index and spleen index of the control group are also higher than those of the blank group. Among them, composition 2 has the best effect on improving thymus index and spleen index. This result proves that with the same amount of additives, compositions 1-3 can better improve the immunity level of broilers.

[0054] Table 5. Thymus Index and Spleen Index

[0055] The results of anti-inflammatory factor assays are shown in Table 6 and Figures 1-3 As shown, composition 1 Serum immune factor IFN-γ of 3 γ, IgG and IL The levels of 2 were significantly higher than those of the control group and the blank group. P <0.05), with the highest IgG value reaching 147.33 ng / mL, which is about 128% higher than the blank group (64.56 ng / mL), indicating that the feed additive of the present invention can systematically enhance the humoral and cellular immune functions of animals.

[0056] Comparison Group 5 IgG values ​​in group 8 (component replacement or deletion) were generally below 75 ng / mL, significantly lower than those in the composition group ( P <0.05), further confirming the key role of components such as Scutellaria baicalensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Forsythia suspensa, and Lonicera japonica in synergistically enhancing the immune response. (Comparative group 13) IFN of 14 (non-preferred fermentation process) Both γ and IgG levels were below 100 ng / mL, significantly lower than the combined group ( P The value <0.05 indicates that the "two-step fermentation process" of this invention has a significant impact on the release and transformation of immunologically active components in the medicinal residue.

[0057] Table 6. Detection results of IFN-γ, IgG, and IL-2

[0058] Test Example 4: Effects of the Composition on the Morphology and Structure of Immune Organs in Broilers An immunosuppression model was established by continuous intramuscular injection of cyclophosphamide (40 mg / kg) for 3 days. Twelve one-day-old Wufengma broiler chickens were selected and, at 16 days of age, randomly divided into four groups: Group A (composition 1), Group B (control group 1), blank control group, and immunosuppression model group. Except for the blank control group, the other three groups received intramuscular injections of cyclophosphamide (40 mg / kg) for 3 days to establish the immunosuppression model. Groups A and B were fed feed containing the corresponding additives (3 g / kg), while the blank control group and immunosuppression model group were fed a basal diet. The experiment lasted for 14 days. After the experiment, the chickens were euthanized, and the livers of three randomly selected chickens from each group were rinsed with pre-cooled physiological saline, blotted dry with filter paper, fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde solution, washed, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), mounted, and images were acquired and the tissue morphology observed under an optical microscope.

[0059] HE staining results are as follows Figure 4 As shown in the liver section results, the hepatocytes in the blank group had normal morphology and uniform sinusoidal space size; focal infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed in the liver tissue of the model group. Compared with the model group, the combined composition group and the control group could repair and improve cyclophosphamide-induced liver damage in broilers and reduce focal infiltration of inflammatory cells. The number of focal infiltration of inflammatory cells in the combined composition group was less than that in the control group, which could better alleviate the immunosuppressive effect and had a hepatoprotective effect.

[0060] In summary, the feed additive provided by this invention is prepared by fermenting a specific composition of traditional Chinese medicine residues with cellulase and Bacillus subtilis. It utilizes the active substances such as lignin, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic acids, and polysaccharides contained in the Codonopsis pilosula residue, combined with the residues of Scutellaria baicalensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Forsythia suspensa, Lonicera japonica, Curcuma longa, Shenqu (medicated leaven), Crataegus pinnatifida, and coffee grounds to synergistically enhance immunity, promote growth, and protect the liver. Simultaneously, the compounding process regulates unpleasant odors in the residues, improves palatability, reduces the feed conversion ratio, and increases feed utilization efficiency. The specific two-step fermentation process for fermenting the traditional Chinese medicine residue composition is simple, and the fermented traditional Chinese medicine residue composition has higher nutritional value and functional activity. The resulting feed additive can simultaneously meet the needs of immunity and growth, and can be better applied in feed to improve animal immunity and growth.

[0061] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed additive, characterized in that, It is prepared by fermentation of a combination of Chinese herbal medicine residues with cellulase and Bacillus subtilis. By weight, the composition contains: 10-30 parts of Codonopsis pilosula residue, 5-15 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis residue, 5-15 parts of Astragalus membranaceus residue, 5-10 parts of Cinnamomum cassia residue, 3-8 parts of Curcuma longa residue, 5-10 parts of coffee grounds, 8-15 parts of medicated leaven residue, 5-10 parts of Forsythia suspensa residue, 5-10 parts of Lonicera japonica leaf residue, and 10-20 parts of Crataegus pinnatifida residue; The amount of cellulase added is 0.2-1 parts, and the amount of Bacillus subtilis added is 1-2 parts.

2. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composition contains, by weight, 15-25 parts of Codonopsis pilosula residue, 8-12 parts of Scutellaria baicalensis residue, 8-12 parts of Astragalus membranaceus residue, 5-7 parts of Cinnamomum cassia residue, 4-6 parts of Curcuma longa residue, 6-8 parts of coffee grounds, 10-12 parts of medicated leaven residue, 7-9 parts of Forsythia suspensa residue, 7-9 parts of Lonicera japonica leaf residue, and 12-18 parts of Crataegus pinnatifida residue.

3. The method for preparing the feed additive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. First enzymatic hydrolysis: Take the dregs of Codonopsis pilosula, Scutellaria baicalensis, Astragalus membranaceus, medicated leaven, cinnamon, turmeric, coffee grounds, Forsythia suspensa, and Lonicera japonica leaves, dry and sterilize them, mix them according to the weight ratio, add cellulase for fermentation, sterilize and dry them after fermentation; S2. Second fermentation: After the first fermentation, hawthorn residue and Bacillus subtilis are added. After the second fermentation, the product is sterilized and dried to obtain the fermentation product. S3. The fermentation product is sieved and then pelletized to obtain a feed additive.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The enzymatic hydrolysis conditions for S1 are: 40-60℃, 1-3h; drying to a moisture content of 50-60%.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fermentation conditions for S2 are: 30-40℃, fermentation time 24-48h.

6. The use of the feed additive of claim 1 or 2 in the preparation of products that promote growth and enhance animal immunity.

7. A product characterized in that, Contains the feed additive as described in claim 1 or 2.

8. A feed, characterized in that, It is prepared by mixing a basic feed with the feed additives described in claim 1 or 2.

9. The feed according to claim 8, characterized in that, The ratio of the basic feed to the feed additive is: 0.3-0.5% feed additive is added to every kilogram of basic feed.

10. The use of the feed of claim 8 in promoting animal growth and enhancing immunity.

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